Articles de revues : « Start-up delay »

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Zhao, Xian. « Start-Up Demonstration Tests for Products with Start-Up Delay ». Quality Technology & ; Quantitative Management 10, n^o 3 (janvier 2013) : 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16843703.2013.11673418.

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Long, Gary. « Start-Up Delays of Queued Vehicles ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400113.

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Start-up delays of queued vehicles have been studied in past research for evaluation of their impacts on saturation flow rates at downstream traffic signals. A more crucial issue, however, can be the effect of start-up delays of queued vehicles at upstream locations where queued vehicles back up from a traffic signal across a railroad crossing. The relationship between queue start-up delays and track clearance times is important in establishing traffic signal preemption settings. This paper presents models that are developed for prediction of the expected maximum time required to mobilize a queue of any length. The models consider not only the average delay times but also the limiting delay times that are expected to accommodate high proportions of queues. For design convenience, queue lengths are converted into distance from the leading edge of a queue rather than being described only by the number of vehicles in a queue. Because the variations in start-up times, in addition to the average times reported in the literature, are needed, two sets of field studies were used to obtain data for model calibration and to investigate various traffic operation effects. Other factors that might be expected to influence queue start-up times are also analyzed.

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Xie, Zushuai, Zhiqiang Wu et Jianhui Wu. « Low Voltage Delay Element with Dynamic Biasing Technique for Fully Integrated Cold-Start in Battery-Assistance DC Energy Harvesting Systems ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 19 (7 octobre 2020) : 6993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196993.

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This paper proposes an ultra-low voltage delay element for battery-assistance DC energy harvesting systems. By inserting a low voltage level shifter (VLS), a wider voltage range is obtained to bias the body of the delay element. Thus, both the voltage transfer curve (VTC) and the DC gain of the delay element are enhanced. Due to the introduction of the VLS, the cold start-up ring oscillator constituted by the proposed delay element can achieve oscillation under an extremely low input voltage. The fully integrated cold start-up ring oscillator with 21 stages of the proposed element is implemented in a standard 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The post-layout experimental results indicate that the cold start-up ring oscillator can retain oscillation when the power supply voltage (VDD) is 24 mV under a typical corner at room temperature. The output voltage swing of the cold start-up ring oscillator based on the proposed delay element is improved by more than 55% under VDD = 40 mV compared with a stacked inverter-based cold start-up ring oscillator. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation from 100 samples shows the enhanced output swing with the proposed delay element under process variation.

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Lodi, Faisal, Ali Zare, Priyanka Arora, Svetlana Stevanovic, Mohammad Jafari, Zoran Ristovski, Richard J. Brown et Timothy Bodisco. « Combustion Analysis of a Diesel Engine during Warm up at Different Coolant and Lubricating Oil Temperatures ». Energies 13, n^o 15 (1 août 2020) : 3931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153931.

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A comprehensive analysis of combustion behaviour during cold, intermediately cold, warm and hot start stages of a diesel engine are presented. Experiments were conducted at 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm, and the discretisation of engine warm up into stages was facilitated by designing a custom drive cycle. Advanced injection timing, observed during the cold start period, led to longer ignition delay, shorter combustion duration, higher peak pressure and a higher peak apparent heat release rate (AHRR). The peak pressure was ~30% and 20% and the AHRR was ~2 to 5% and ±1% higher at 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively, during cold start, compared to the intermediate cold start. A retarded injection strategy during the intermediate cold start phase led to shorter ignition delay, longer combustion duration, lower peak pressure and lower peak AHRR. At 2000 rpm, an exceptional combustion behaviour led to a ~27% reduction in the AHRR at 25% load. Longer ignition delays and shorter combustion durations at 25% load were observed during the intermediately cold, warm and hot start segments. The mass fraction burned (MFB) was calculated using a single zone combustion model to analyse combustion parameters such as crank angle (CA) at 50% MFB, AHRR@CA50 and CA duration for 10–90% MFB.

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XIE, Hang. « Phase Estimation of the Start-up Signal Based on the Fractional Delay Filter ». Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48, n^o 06 (2012) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2012.06.008.

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Hung, Regant Y. S., et H. F. Ting. « Competitive analysis of most-request-first for scheduling broadcasts with start-up delay ». Theoretical Computer Science 396, n^o 1-3 (mai 2008) : 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2008.01.036.

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Wang, Meng, Runqing Zang, Eric Hu et Akram W. Ezzat. « Investigation of air cooler fan start-up delay in liquid refrigerant defrosting system ». Applied Thermal Engineering 143 (octobre 2018) : 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.07.066.

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Barnes, Margaux, Krista Davis, Mackenzie Mancini, Jasmine Ruffin, Tina Simpson et Krista Casazza. « Setting Adolescents Up for Success : Promoting a Policy to Delay High School Start Times ». Journal of School Health 86, n^o 7 (1 juin 2016) : 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12405.

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YAMAMOTO, Akio, et Hiroki WATANABE. « Evaluation of a simple anti-sway control without start-up delay and over-travel ». Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 13, n^o 3 (2019) : JAMDSM0067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2019jamdsm0067.

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Mao, Cheng Yuan, Yu Long Pei, Guo Zhu Cheng et Xuan Yan Mo. « Intersection Signal Optimizing on Condition of Ice-and-Snow ». Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (mars 2011) : 1565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1565.

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Comparing to the condition of normal road surface, the driving speed, headway, following-up speed, start-up time, braking time, start-up delay and walking speed are different on the condition of ice-and-snow. This paper surveyed and contrastively analyzed the traffic flow characteristics on the two conditions, optimized the intersection signal, and then verified the validity of the method by simulation.

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Lee, Dong‐Hee. « Simple MOSFET gating delay scheme for SMPS start‐up in the standby power reduction circuit ». IET Power Electronics 11, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0602.

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Muh, David C. R. « A bulk queueing system under N-policy with bilevel service delay discipline and start-up time ». Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 6, n^o 4 (1 janvier 1993) : 359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953393000309.

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The author studies the queueing process in a single-server, bulk arrival and batch service queueing system with a compound Poisson input, bilevel service delay discipline, start-up time, and a fixed accumulation level with control operating policy. It is assumed that when the queue length falls below a predefined level r(≥1), the system, with server capacity R, immediately stops service until the queue length reaches or exceeds the second predefined accumulation level N(≥r). Two cases, with N≤R and N≥R, are studied.The author finds explicitly the probability generating function of the stationary distribution of the queueing process and gives numerical examples.

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Kim, Tae-Kyu, Chihyun Jung et Tae-Eog Lee. « Scheduling start-up and close-down periods of dual-armed cluster tools with wafer delay regulation ». International Journal of Production Research 50, n^o 10 (15 mai 2012) : 2785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.590949.

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Bar-Noy, Amotz, Justin Goshi et Richard E. Ladner. « Off-line and on-line guaranteed start-up delay for Media-on-Demand with stream merging ». Journal of Discrete Algorithms 4, n^o 1 (mars 2006) : 72–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jda.2005.01.007.

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Jiang, Danna, Ying Huang, Zhe Zuo et Huan Li. « Drivability Improvement Control for Vehicle Start-Up Applied to an Automated Manual Transmission ». Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5783527.

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Drivability is the key factor for the automated manual transmission. It includes fast response to the driver’s demand and the driving comfort. This paper deals with a control methodology applied to an automated manual transmission vehicle for drivability enhancement during vehicle start-up phase. Based on a piecewise model of powertrain, a multiple-model predictive controller (mMPC) is designed with the engine speed, clutch disc speed, and wheel speed as the measurable input variables and the engine torque reference and clutch friction torque reference as the controller’s output variables. The model not only includes the clutch dynamic, the flexible shaft dynamic, but also includes the actuators’ delay character. Considering the driver’s intention, a slipping speed trajectory is generated based on the acceleration pedal dynamically. The designed control strategy is verified on a complete powertrain and longitudinal vehicle dynamic model with different driver’s torque demands.

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Deng, Shi-Jie, et Shmuel S. Oren. « INCORPORATING OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND START-UP COSTS IN OPTION-BASED VALUATION OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ». Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 17, n^o 2 (27 février 2003) : 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964803172014.

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We describe a stochastic dynamic programming approach for “real option”-based valuation of electricity generation capacity incorporating operational constraints and start-up costs. Stochastic prices of electricity and fuel are represented by recombining multinomial trees. Generators are modeled as a strip of cross-commodity call options with a delay and a cost imposed on each option exercise. We illustrate implications of operational characteristics on the valuation of generation assets under different modeling assumptions about the energy commodity prices. We find that the impacts of operational constraints on real asset valuation are dependent on both the model specification and the nature of operating characteristics.

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Zarzycki, Robert, et Marcin Panowski. « Waste heat utilisation for cogeneration of energy ». Mechanik 90, n^o 3 (6 mars 2017) : 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.3.45.

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The paper shows the analysis of potential of absorption heat pump (APC) application to increase the efficiency of source energy conversion in the cogeneration power plant, by recuperation of waste heat from oil cooling system. In the presented case, the purpose of APC implementation was to eliminate the number of start up of pick hot water boilers. Obtained results showed that the waste heat may be utilised during the highest heat demand which may lead to delay or even avoiding the pick boiler start up, owing to absorption heat pump implementation.

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Muh, David C. R. « A bulk queueing system under N-policy with bilevel service delay discipline and start-up time (Erratum) ». Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 7, n^o 2 (1 janvier 1994) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953394000213.

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Alberghina, Lilia, Carla Smeraldi, Bianca Maria Ranzi et Danilo Porro. « Control by Nutrients of Growth and Cell Cycle Progression in Budding Yeast, Analyzed by Double-Tag Flow Cytometry ». Journal of Bacteriology 180, n^o 15 (1 août 1998) : 3864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3864-3872.1998.

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ABSTRACT To gain insight on the interrelationships of the cellular environment, the properties of growth, and cell cycle progression, we analyzed the dynamic reactions of individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to changes and manipulations of their surroundings. We used a new flow cytometric approach which allows, in asynchronous growing S. cerevisiae populations, tagging of both the cell age and the cell protein content of cells belonging to the different cell cycle set points. Since the cell protein content is a good estimation of the cell size, it is possible to follow the kinetics of the cell size increase during cell cycle progression. The analysis of the findings obtained indicates that both during a nutritional shift-up (from ethanol to glucose) and following the addition of cyclic AMP (cAMP), two important delays are induced. The preexisting cells that at the moment of the nutritional shift-up were cycling before the Start phase delay their entrance into S phase, while cells that were cycling after Start are delayed in their exit from the cycle. The combined effects of the two delays allow the cellular population that preexisted the shift-up to quickly adjust to the new growth condition. The effects of a nutritional shift-down were also determined.

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Ashraf, Tanveer, Shoaib Ahmed et Saman Tanveer. « FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DELAY IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN CHILDREN, A STUDY FROM NORTHERN PAKISTAN. » Professional Medical Journal 26, n^o 07 (10 juillet 2019) : 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.07.3790.

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Objectives: This study explores various factors responsible for delay in management of Pakistani children having malignant diseases. Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting: Pediatric Oncology Unit of Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: 1st March 2017 to 31st August 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 147 children, up to 15 years of age, being managed for malignant diseases were enrolled. Data was collected by reviewing the medical record and face-to-face interviews of the parents. Time lag from onset of symptoms to start of treatment was divided in three categories, patient delay, physician delay and treatment delay. Various factors associated with delay were analyzed. Results: Out of 147 patients, 114 were male and 33 were female. Mean age was 5.76 (±SD 3.15) years. Mean patient delay was 13.36 (+ SD 27.21) days. Mean physician delay was 66.22 (+ SD 87.66) days and mean treatment delay was 17.61 (+ SD 46.20) days. In 34% of patients total delay was > 90 days. Important factors associated with delay were age of patient, type of malignancy, financial problems, distance from healthcare facility, parents’ education status, their perception about usefulness of treatment and use of alternative therapies. Patients’ gender was not significantly associated with delayed management. Discussion & Conclusion: One third of our patients had to wait for three months or more for definitive treatment to start. Physician delay was more than patient or treatment delay. It signifies that our health care system is not well equipped to promptly handle malignant diseases in children. Better training of medical professionals and improvement in diagnostic facilities can result in reduced time lag before definite treatment.

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Murthy, Venkatesh, et Ram Subramaniam. « KnoDues – a start-up with a solution to India’s split-expenses problem ». Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, n^o 4 (12 décembre 2019) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2019-0138.

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Learning outcomes Using the case, students will learn about the following topics: identification of the right shareholder for a start-up. Need for a tech co-founder for an app-based start-up. Delay in building the right team at the right time. Lack of preparedness; a start-up’s challenges in identifying the business model. What was the real pain point (problem identification)? Did the solution meet market expectations (solution quality)?; consumers’ usual social habits. How do people’s habits hinder a product’s survival in the market? Why do consumers continue to behave the same way they have? Technology-related constraints. Case overview/synopsis KnoDues was a mobile application (app)-based start-up in the domain of split expenses. The business idea germinated in early 2015 and became a reality toward the end of 2015. In a developing country context, the case provides rich insights into lean vs traditional start-up formation, founders’ knowledge, opportunity identification, product development and investment. India is a growing economy with ever-increasing smartphone users and internet consumers. Despite its deep-rooted rural-urban divide in the usage of modern technologies, India possesses a vast market opportunity in big cities. Rightly so, KnoDues intended to target the urban youth (between 15 and 35 years of age) population. Although KnoDues was not a unique product or the first of its kind, the founders perceived it to be the “first mover” in the Indian market. In its initial days, the product received an overwhelming response from accelerators and business-plan judges. Although KnoDues achieved more than 20,000 downloads by the end of 2016, customer retention and attracting investors became a difficult task. Founders felt that the difficulty was because of people’s “usual social habits,” and inadequate revenue model. Toward the end of 2017, KnoDues’s founders contemplated on ceasing their business. Complexity academic level Undergraduate, postgraduate and executive. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Choi, Kwangjin, Seong Gon Choi et Jun Kyun Choi. « Hybrid Video Transmission Scheme for Minimizing Server Bandwidth Consumption with Zero Start-up Delay in Video-on-Demand Service ». IEEE Communications Letters 16, n^o 1 (janvier 2012) : 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2011.110711.111959.

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Dunster, Gideon P., Luciano de la Iglesia, Miriam Ben-Hamo, Claire Nave, Jason G. Fleischer, Satchidananda Panda et Horacio O. de la Iglesia. « Sleepmore in Seattle : Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students ». Science Advances 4, n^o 12 (décembre 2018) : eaau6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6200.

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Most teenagers are chronically sleep deprived. One strategy proposed to lengthen adolescent sleep is to delay secondary school start times. This would allow students to wake up later without shifting their bedtime, which is biologically determined by the circadian clock, resulting in a net increase in sleep. So far, there is no objective quantitative data showing that a single intervention such as delaying the school start time significantly increases daily sleep. The Seattle School District delayed the secondary school start time by nearly an hour. We carried out a pre-/post-research study and show that there was an increase in the daily median sleep duration of 34 min, associated with a 4.5% increase in the median grades of the students and an improvement in attendance.

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Ramli, Mohd Zakwan, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Baizura Hamid, Nursyadzatul Tasnim Roslin, Mohd Eqwan Mohd Roslan, Shuhairy Norhisham et Mohd Firdaus Mohd. « Influence of Project Type, Location and Area towards Construction Delay : a Review on Significance Level of Delay Factors ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 4.35 (30 novembre 2018) : 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22769.

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Construction delay is something that is inevitable, which is why it is a global problem faced by the construction industry. This paper highlighted the characteristics that influenced construction delay but usually ignored in many researches. Project type, location, and area are the characteristics that are not concerned by many. Therefore, this study is reviewing literature in construction delay to find the significance of the influence of the mentioned characteristics. It was found that there is a significant influence of the project type and location towards construction delay problems, where different project type experienced different delay causes. This was probably due to different difficulties faced by each of project type. Project location characteristic also undergoes the same pattern; which is within the same region, the same pattern of major cause was identified. Meanwhile, the insignificant level of influence was identified for the construction area characteristic. This was probably due to the readiness and awareness of contractor regarding the site condition before the construction start. It is expected that this study will open up more discussions regarding these characteristics in the future.

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Ahn, C. C., et O. L. Krivanek. « Excited State Lifetime Measurement By EEL-CL Coincidence ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (août 1985) : 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118904.

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The lifetime of an excited state can be measured by detecting both the excitation (by EELS) and the de-excitation (by catho- doluminescence), and measuring the delay between the two events. We have adapted this technique for the measurement of lifetimes in an electron microscope.The experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The arrival time and the energy loss of single electrons is monitored by the EELS (Gatan 607), and the arrival time and wavelength of single photons is monitored by the CL spectrometer. Pulses corresponding to the two events are fed to a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC), which outputs a variable height pulse proportional to the delay between the events. If no second (stop) pulse is detected within a preset time interval, the TAC recognizes a “false start”, does not output anything, and starts looking for a “start” pulse again. Since the count rate in the CL channel was typically 10 to 100 times weaker than in the EEL channel, we minimized the false starts by using the CL signal as the start pulse and the EEL signal, suitably delayed, as the stop pulse. This yields a “reversed time” spectrum, but minimizes the dead time of the electronics.

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Full, Kelsie M., Aaron T. Berger, Darin Erickson, Kaitlyn M. Berry, Melissa N. Laska, Kathleen M. Lenk, Conrad Iber, Susan Redline et Rachel Widome. « Assessing Changes in Adolescents’ Sleep Characteristics and Dietary Quality in the START Study, a Natural Experiment on Delayed School Start Time Policies ». Journal of Nutrition 151, n^o 9 (4 juin 2021) : 2808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab169.

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ABSTRACT Background Sleep duration, quality, and timing may influence dietary quality. In adults, poor dietary quality is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. It is unclear how these various sleep domains influence adolescents’ diets because prior population-based studies have not effectively manipulated sleep, did not include objective sleep measures, and had short follow-up times. Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine 1) how adolescent sleep characteristics relate to dietary quality; and 2) how delay in high school start times (which lengthened sleep duration) affects dietary quality over 2 y. Methods In the START study, adolescents (grades 9–11, n = 423) attending 5 high schools in the Minneapolis, Minnesota metropolitan area were annually assessed in 3 waves (2016–2018). At Baseline, all schools started “early” (07:30 or 07:45). From Follow-up 1 through Follow-up 2, 2 “policy change schools” shifted to later start times (to 08:20 and 08:50). Three “comparison schools” maintained their early start throughout. Sleep characteristics were measured with actigraphy. Mixed-effect regression models were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sleep characteristics with dietary quality, and school start time policy change with dietary quality change. Results Cross-sectionally, later sleep midpoint and onset were associated with dietary quality scores 1.6–1.7 lower (both P < 0.05). However, no prospective associations were observed between sleep characteristics and dietary quality in longitudinal models. Shifting to later school start time tended to be associated with a 2.4-point increase in dietary quality score (P = 0.09) at Follow-up 1, but was not associated with change in dietary quality scores at Follow-up 2 (P = 0.35). Conclusions High school students attending delayed-start schools maintained better dietary quality than students in comparison schools; however, differences were not statistically significant. Overall study findings highlight the complexity of the relation between sleep behavior and diet in adolescence.

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Skalozubov, V., I. Kozlov, O. Chulkin, Yu Komarov et O. Piontkovskyi. « Analysis of Reliability-Critical Hydraulic Impact Conditions at WWER-1000 NPP Active Safety Systems ». Nuclear and Radiation Safety, n^o 1(81) (12 mars 2019) : 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.1(81).07.

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An original method to determine the onset of conditions for reliabilitycritical hydraulic impacts for reliability analysis of active safety systems of nuclear power installations is proposed. The suggested method is based on determining the effect of head-flow characteristic delay onto hydraulic impact preconditions during the changes of pipeline system hydrodynamic parameters under transitional modes (e.g. in pump start-up). The delay time of responses to change in the hydrodynamic system parameters embodies the determining factor of head-flow characteristic’s inertance, depending on both design and technical parameters of system components (including pumps), and the hydrodynamic parameters change rate under transitional modes. Using the proposed method, the analysis of conditions for critical hydraulic impacts is performed for the primary high-pressure safety injection system of serial WWER-1000 nuclear power plants. The analysis results allow a conclusion that for this system the conditions leading to hydraulic impact due to the pump start are not reached. The developed method can be applied to any thermal and nuclear power facilities’ pipeline systems equipped with pumps.

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van Iersel, Marc. « Plant Growth Stimulator Effects on Post-transplant Growth and Flowering of Petunia and Impatiens Plugs ». HortTechnology 8, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.1.45.

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Various growth stimulators have been reported to improve plant growth. Some of these are formulated to improve root growth, which would be particularly beneficial for reestablishing transplants. Three commercially available plant growth stimulators—PGR IV (MicroFlo, Lakeland, Fla.), Roots2 (Lisa Products Corp., Independence, Mo.), and Up-Start (The Solaris Group, San Ramon, Calif.)—were tested to quantify their effect on post-transplant growth of petunia (Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr.) and impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) seedlings and to assess their value for the greenhouse industry. Seedlings were transplanted from plug flats into larger 5.6-fl oz (166-cm3) containers and treated with 1.1 fl oz (31 mL) of growth stimulator per plant (22 fl oz/ft2). Applications were made immediately after transplant. None of the treatments affected root mass at any time. Up-Start (2 fl oz/gal) increased final shoot dry mass by ≈20% compared to the control plants. The increase in shoot growth by Up-Start most likely is caused by the fertilizer it contains. Up-Start also increased flowering of petunia from 34 to 40 days after transplant. PGR IV (0.5 fl oz/gal) and Roots2 (1.28 fl oz/gal) did not affect dry mass of the plants. PGR IV increased the number of flowers of petunia and impatiens, but this effect occurred well after the plants were marketable. Roots2 caused a small delay in early flowering and an increase in late flowering of petunia but had no effect on flowering of impatiens. Since the effects of the growth stimulators was either due their fertilizer content (Up-Start) or occurred after the plants would have been sold (PGR IV, Roots2), none of the growth stimulators appears to be beneficial for bedding plant producers.

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Roos, Izanne, Emmanuelle Leray, Federico Frascoli, Romain Casey, J. William L. Brown, Dana Horakova, Eva K. Havrdova et al. « Delay from treatment start to full effect of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis ». Brain 143, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2020) : 2742–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa231.

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Abstract In multiple sclerosis, treatment start or switch is prompted by evidence of disease activity. Whilst immunomodulatory therapies reduce disease activity, the time required to attain maximal effect is unclear. In this study we aimed to develop a method that allows identification of the time to manifest fully and clinically the effect of multiple sclerosis treatments (‘therapeutic lag’) on clinical disease activity represented by relapses and progression-of-disability events. Data from two multiple sclerosis registries, MSBase (multinational) and OFSEP (French), were used. Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, minimum 1-year exposure to treatment, minimum 3-year pretreatment follow-up and yearly review were included in the analysis. For analysis of disability progression, all events in the subsequent 5-year period were included. Density curves, representing incidence of relapses and 6-month confirmed progression events, were separately constructed for each sufficiently represented therapy. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to identify the first local minimum of the first derivative after treatment start; this point represented the point of stabilization of treatment effect, after the maximum treatment effect was observed. The method was developed in a discovery cohort (MSBase), and externally validated in a separate, non-overlapping cohort (OFSEP). A merged MSBase-OFSEP cohort was used for all subsequent analyses. Annualized relapse rates were compared in the time before treatment start and after the stabilization of treatment effect following commencement of each therapy. We identified 11 180 eligible treatment epochs for analysis of relapses and 4088 treatment epochs for disability progression. External validation was performed in four therapies, with no significant difference in the bootstrapped mean differences in therapeutic lag duration between registries. The duration of therapeutic lag for relapses was calculated for 10 therapies and ranged between 12 and 30 weeks. The duration of therapeutic lag for disability progression was calculated for seven therapies and ranged between 30 and 70 weeks. Significant differences in the pre- versus post-treatment annualized relapse rate were present for all therapies apart from intramuscular interferon beta-1a. In conclusion we have developed, and externally validated, a method to objectively quantify the duration of therapeutic lag on relapses and disability progression in different therapies in patients more than 3 years from multiple sclerosis onset. Objectively defined periods of expected therapeutic lag allows insights into the evaluation of treatment response in randomized clinical trials and may guide clinical decision-making in patients who experience early on-treatment disease activity. This method will subsequently be applied in studies that evaluate the effect of patient and disease characteristics on therapeutic lag.

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Long, Gary. « Easy-to-Apply Solution to a Persistent Safety Problem : Clearance Time for Railroad-Preempted Traffic Signals ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, n^o 1 (janvier 2003) : 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-26.

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Traffic signals near railroad grade crossings having active warning systems are normally interconnected and receive a signal from the railroad track circuitry when trains are approaching. This train approach signal is used by the traffic signal to interrupt and preempt its normal phasing and enter into higher priority special phasings to clear the track of any vehicles that might be stopped in the pathway of a train. The amount of preemption time needed to clear a vehicle from the pathway of a train is necessary information for appropriate preemption signal settings but there are no definitive guidelines on how to determine this amount of time. It is usually left to the judgment of the signal engineer, and frequently unfounded assumptions are used. This study investigated the time required to clear a vehicle in a queue backed up onto a track at railroad-preempted traffic signals. The two key time components are start-up delay and repositioning time. Queues where all preceding vehicles are short passenger cars cause the longest start-up delays, and heavy trucks at the track involve the longest repositioning times. The model developed is convenient because once it is decided that preemption is needed, only easily determined values are required—the minimum track clearance distance, the clear storage distance, and the types of vehicles that are permitted to use the roadway. The model adopts a high level of confidence to minimize the risk of crashes but avoids the "worst-case" concept to avert an invitation for litigation when an improbable or unforeseen worst case results in a crash.

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Ozmen, Vahit, Sukru Boylu, Engin Ok, Zafer Canturk, Varol Celik, Murat Kapkac, Sadullah Girgin et al. « Factors affecting time to seeking medical advice and start of treatment in breast cancer (BC) patients in Turkey. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2013) : e17529-e17529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17529.

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e17529 Background: One of the most important reasons of BC mortality is delay in treatment. Due to lack of BC awareness and organized screening programs, total delay time (from first symptoms of BC to initiation of treatment; TDT) is longer in low-middle income countries. The primary goal of this survey was to identify factors affecting TDT in patients with BC. Methods: As a part of previously presented multinational survey, a total of 1.031 BC patients from 12 cities of 5 districts in Turkey were surveyed using a uniform questionnaire. TDT was determined using 8 individual scales, including one pertaining to patient delay and 7 related to subsequent steps in a typical diagnostic process. Regression models were constructed using 17 variables concerning diverse contextual and personal patient characteristics. Time between first symptom and first medical visit (Patient Delay Time; PDT) and time between first medical visit and start of therapy (System Delay Time; SDT) were modeled separately with multilevel regression. Results: Mean PDT, SDT and TDT were 4.8, 10.5 and 13.8 weeks respectively, with 42% of the patients with a delay of >12 weeks. Multilevel regression equation indicated that disregard of discovered symptoms (p<0.001) and having at least secondary level of education (p=0.021) were significantly correlated with longer PDT. Patients with stronger self-examination habits (p=0.009), reporting more support from friends and family (p<0.001) and living in metropolitan areas (>500k) (p=0.006) had shorter PDT. Predictors of longer SDT included disregard (p<0.001) and having a PDT>4 weeks (p<0.001). Shorter SDT was correlated to being older than 60 years of age (p=0.027). Results revealed that diagnosis during periodic check-up or opportunistic mammography vs. symptomatic BC (p<0.001) and having first medical examination by a surgeon resulted in shorter SDT. Conclusions: TDT in Turkey is unacceptably long and system delay accounted for a substantial part of the total delay experienced by breast cancer patients. This points to a need for shortening clinical pathways if possible. A long patient delay calls for research into patient awareness of BC.

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Meltzer, Lisa, Sarah Rizvi et Julie Chapman. « 634 Impact of Changing School Start Times on Drowsy Driving and Teen Motor Vehicle Crashes : A Longitudinal Examination ». Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 mai 2021) : A248—A249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.632.

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Abstract Introduction Early high school start times are associated with insufficient adolescent sleep, which in turn is associated with motor vehicle crashes [MVC]. This analysis examined the impact of a 70-minute delay in high school start times on student-reported drowsy driving and department of transportation MVC rates before and for 2 years after start time changes. Methods Self-reported sleep duration and drowsy driving data were drawn from a longitudinal study of changing high school start times (n=2099–4092/year) in the Cherry Creek School District (Arapahoe County [AC]). The Colorado Department of Transportation provided frequency/timing of weekday MVC data for teen (16–18 years) and adult drivers in AC and four neighboring counties in metro Denver (Other Counties [OC]). MVC rates per 1000 licensed drivers were calculated. Outcomes are reported for three school years: 2016–17 (pre-change), 2017–18 (post change), and 2018–19 (follow-up). Chi-square analyses examined drowsy driving frequency (at least once/week vs. less than once/week) by sufficient weeknight sleep duration (<8 hours vs. 8+ hours). Two-proportion z-tests compared MVC rates by county, as well as teens vs. adults. Results Compared to pre-change (29.3%), fewer students reported drowsy driving at post-change (20.3%) and follow-up (23.7%). Students who reported insufficient sleep also reported more frequent drowsy driving across all years (p’s<0.001 to 0.037). AC’s teen crash rate decreased from 78.9/1000 to 76.6/1000 post-change, with a further reduction to 68.7/1000 at follow-up. Pre-change crash rates did not differ between counties (p=0.444); however, they were significantly lower in AC vs. OC at both post-change (p=0.048) and follow-up (p=0.046). Adult crash rates remained consistent over three years in both counties. Morning crash rates per hour did not differ pre-change; at both post-change and follow-up OC’s morning crash rates peaked one hour earlier than AC’s (7:00-7:59am vs. 8:00-8:59am). Conclusion This study extends previous reports by finding that later school start times are associated with decreased drowsy driving and fewer teen motor vehicle crash rates for up to 2 years post-change. Early school start times is an important public policy that benefits adolescent sleep, health, and well-being through decreased drowsy driving and motor vehicle crashes. Support (if any) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Evidence for Action Program

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Qi, Miaomiao, Shiyin Liu, Xiaojun Yao, Fuming Xie et Yongpeng Gao. « Monitoring the Ice Phenology of Qinghai Lake from 1980 to 2018 Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data and Google Earth Engine ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 14 (10 juillet 2020) : 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142217.

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Lake ice, one of the most direct lake physical characteristics affected by climate change, can reflect small-scale environmental changes caused by the atmosphere and hydrology, as well as large-scale climate changes such as global warming. This study uses National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA AVHRR), MOD09GQ surface reflectance products, and Landsat surface reflectance Tier 1 products, which comprehensively used RS and GIS technology to study lake ice phenology (LIP) and changes in Qinghai Lake. Over the past 38 years, freeze-up start and freeze-up end dates were gradually delayed by a rate of 0.16 d/a and 0.19 d/a, respectively, with a total delay by 6.08 d and 7.22 d. The dates of break-up start and break-up end showed advancing trends by −0.36 d/a and −0.42 d/a, respectively, which shifted them earlier by 13.68 d and 15.96 d. Overall, ice coverage duration, freeze duration, and complete freeze duration showed decreasing trends of −0.58 d/a, −0.60 d/a, and −0.52 d/a, respectively, and overall decreased by 22.04 d, 22.81 d, and 9.76 d between 1980 and 2018. The spatial pattern in the freeze–thaw of Qinghai Lake can be divided into two areas; the west of the lake area has similar spatial patterns of freezing and ablation, while, in the east of the lake area, freezing and ablation patterns are opposite. Climate factors were closely related to LIP, especially the accumulated freezing degree-day (AFDD) from October to April of the following year. Furthermore, freeze-up start time was more sensitive to changes in wind speed and precipitation.

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D S, Rajeshwari, P. V Rao et Ramesh Karmungi. « 10Ghz Charge Pump PLL for Low Jitter Applica-tions ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 2.12 (3 avril 2018) : 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11349.

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This paper presents design and simulation of charge pump architectures for 10GHz Charge Pump Phase locked Loop. Differential delay cell VCO with symmetric load and Programmable frequency divider are efficiently implemented in loop. Able to achieve Peak jitter of the Divider 10ns, Peak jitter of VCO 205ps at 1GHz.Charge pump is analysed in loop by reduced current mismatch using improved high swing cascode structure including start up circuitand it has low turn ON voltage and high ouput impedance to provide stable voltage.Charge pump results current mismatch less than 0.05%.10GHz DPLL is simulated with 65nm techonology, 1.2V and tsmc foundary model files

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HE, S., et J. D. JACKSON. « A study of turbulence under conditions of transient flow in a pipe ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 408 (10 avril 2000) : 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007016.

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A detailed investigation of fully developed transient flow in a pipe has been undertaken using water as the working fluid. Linearly increasing or decreasing excursions of flow rate were imposed between steady initial and final values. A three-beam, two-component laser Doppler anemometer was used to make simultaneous measurements of either axial and radial, or axial and circumferential, components of local velocity. Values of ensemble-averaged mean velocity, root-mean-square velocity fluctuation and turbulent shear stress were found from the measurements.Being the first really detailed study of ramp-type transient turbulent flow, the present investigation has yielded new information and valuable insight into certain fundamental aspects of turbulence dynamics. Some striking features are evident in the response of the turbulence field to the imposed excursions of flow rate. Three different delays have been identified: a delay in the response of turbulence production; a delay in turbulence energy redistribution among its three components; and a delay associated with the propagation of turbulence radially. The last of these is the most pronounced under the conditions of the present study. A dimensionless delay parameter τ+[= √2τUτ0/D] is proposed to describe it. The first response of turbulence is found to occur in the region near the wall where turbulence production peaks. The axial component of turbulence responds earlier than the other two components and builds up faster. The response propagates towards the centre of the pipe through the action of turbulent diffusion at a speed which depends on the Reynolds number at the start of the excursion. In the core region, the three components of turbulence energy respond in a similar manner. Turbulence intensity is reduced in the case of accelerating flow and increased in decelerating flow. This is mainly as a result of the delayed response of turbulence. A dimensionless ramp rate parameter γ[= (dUb/dt) (1/Ub0)(D/Uτ0] is proposed, which determines the extent to which the turbulence energy differs from that of pseudo-steady flow as a result of the delay in the propagation of turbulence.

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Mueller-Kronast, Nils, Michael T. Froehler, Reza Jahan, Osama Zaidat, David Liebeskind et Jeffrey L. Saver. « Impact of EMS bypass to endovascular capable hospitals : geospatial modeling analysis of the US STRATIS registry ». Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, n^o 11 (8 mai 2020) : 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015593.

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BackgroundRouting patients directly to endovascular capable centers (ECCs) would decrease time to mechanical thrombectomy (MT), but may delay intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).ObjectiveTo study the clinical outcomes of patients with a stroke transferred directly to ECCs compared with those transferred to ECCs from non-endovascular capable centers (nECCs).MethodsData from the STRATIS registry were analyzed to evaluate process and clinical outcomes under five routing policies: (1) transport to nearest nECC; (2) transport to STRATIS ECC over any distance or (3) within 20 miles; (4) transport to ideal ECC (iECC), over any distance or (5) within 20 miles.ResultsAmong 236 patients, 117 (49.6%) were transferred by ground, of whom 62 (53%) were transferred within 20 miles. Median MT start time was accelerated in all direct transport models. IVT start was prolonged with direct transport across all distances, but accelerated with direct transport to iECC ≤20 miles. With bypass limited to ≤20 miles, the median modeled EMS arrival to IVT interval decreased for both iECCs and ECCs (by 12 min and 6 min, respectively), and median EMS arrival to puncture time decreased by up to 94 min. In this cohort, no patient would have become ineligible for IVT. Bypass to iECC modeling under 20 miles showed a significant reduction in the level of disability at 3 months, with freedom from disability (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1) at 3 months increased by 12%.ConclusionsDirect routing of patients with a large vessel occlusion to ECCs, especially when within 20 miles, may lead to better clinical outcomes by accelerating the start of MT without any delay of IVT.Clinical trial registration numberhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02239640.

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Fjeldberg, E., et Knut Marthinsen. « On the Recrystallization Kinetics of 3D Potts Monte Carlo Simulations ». Materials Science Forum 715-716 (avril 2012) : 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.959.

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The present simulations have clearly demonstrated that the kinetics, as derived directly from the 3D Potts Monte Carlo simulations, deviate strongly from the classical JMAK theory. The Avrami plots exhibit a strong initial transient and the Avrami exponents are far from constant and generally much lower than predicted by the classical JMAK theory. However, by introducing a suitable time delay,t0, due to a non-zero volume fraction of recrystallized grains at the start-up of the simulations, this initial transient can be removed and the Avrami plots are made close to linear at the same time as the Avrami exponent is in better agreement with theory.

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Cobos Godoy, David. « Gestión del Tiempo. Solución al problema de la Doble Ligadura ». Dirección y Organización, n^o 57 (11 décembre 2015) : 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i57.482.

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Hoy en día en la búsqueda de la optimización del tiempo resulta imprescindible en cualquier empresa, administrarlo de forma eficaz permite reducir costes, aumentar la satisfacción de los clientes, mejorar los resultados con menos esfuerzos…. Los diagramas de Gantt son sin duda de gran ayuda en esta labor, existiendo herramientas informáticas que permiten no solo su representación gráfica de forma muy sencilla, sino la explotación de los datos que se desprenden de la relación existente entre el final e inicio de una actividad, con el final e inicio del resto de actividades. En el presente artículo se propone, en base a la experiencia, una metodología de trabajo para controlar el tiempo de un conjunto de actividades, así como el planteamiento y la solución al problema de la Doble Ligadura, que a buen seguro, habrá dado más de un quebradero de cabeza a muchos técnicos.Palabras claves: gestión del tiempo, doble ligadura, camino crítico, ligadura crítica, Gantt.Time Managment: Solution to the problem of double constraintAbstract: Many technicians, in their professional activity, need to control the execution deadline of all the activities or components that make up projects, works, and processes. In an attempt to address that need, and even before the existence of computers, Henry L. Grantt proposed a methodology for the graphic representation of those activities, so as to give an approximate idea of who they each interacted with the others, as well as each of the activities’ impact on the total execution period. Computer science has allowed the creation of various tools that lead to easily and intuitively elaborate Grantt diagrams, and to use the information about each activity’s duration and the relation that exists between the start and end of each activity with the others. The Critical Path analysis allows the classification of activities as critical and non-critical. A delay in execution of the former will result in a delay on the total execution period, whereas non-critical activities function within a margin in such a way that a delay in completion will have little to no impact on the total execution period. Among all of the computing tools in existence on the market for the generation of Grantt diagrams, Microsoft Project is perhaps the most widely used by technicians. It basically requires two inputs: the estimated duration of each of the activities making up a project, and the existing relations between their start and end. Said relations require conditioning through Restraints, the end or start of an activity with the start or end of another. These restraints imply the joining of two activities under the condition that the start or end of one will only occur after a determined period of time from the start or end of the other. Microsoft Project presents the important restriction of not allowing to establish more than one restraint between two activities; meaning, if for instance, the start of one activities is conditioned by the start of another, there will not be any more relations between those two activities, such as the end of said activities, in which case incorrect or hardly comprehensive data may be constructed. The above mentioned restriction is not a minor problem, for if analyzed correctly, when the start of one activity conditions the start of another, which frequently occurs, the ends of both activities will likely also be similarly related. For example, a facade closing evidently cannot be started until part of the structure has been completed, but it is not less true that the closing cannot be finished until after the total execution of the structure. In this article, I will attempt to explain in simple but rigorous manner the fundamental elements of the technical programming of a project. A work methodology will be proposed to ease the work of the technicians, and I will try to offer a solution to the problem of the Double Restraint between activities, which has certainly been making it difficult for the many technicians who use Microsoft Project on a daily basis.Keywords: Time Management, Double Constraint, Critical Path, Critical Constraint, Gantt

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Le Gall, Pierre. « Single server tandem queues and queueing networks with non-correlated successive service times ». Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 14, n^o 4 (1 janvier 2001) : 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953301000338.

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To evaluate the local actual queueing delay in general single server queueing networks with non-correlated successive service times for the same customer, we start from a recent work using the tandem queue effect, when two successive local arrivals are not separated by premature departures. In that case, two assumptions were made: busy periods not broken up, and there are limited variations for successive service times. These assumptions are given up after having crossed two stages. The local arrivals become indistinguishable for the sojourn time inside a given busy period. It is then proved that the local sojourn time of this tandem queue effect may be considered as the sum of two components: the first (independent of the local interarrival time) corresponding to the case where upstream, successive service times are supposed to be identical to the local service time, and the second (negligible after having crossed 2 or 3 stages) depending on local interarrival times increasing because of broken up busy periods. The consequence is the possible occurrence of the agglutination phenomenon of indistinguishable customers in the buffers (when there are limited premature departures), due to a stronger impact of long service times upon the local actual queueing delay, which is not consistent with the traditional concept of local traffic source only generating distinguishable customers.

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CHANDRA, DEEPAK, et ASHOK GOYAL. « EFFECTS OF CURVATURE AND INTERACTIONS ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE DECONFINEMENT PHASE TRANSITION ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, n^o 30 (10 décembre 2004) : 5221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04020701.

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We study the dynamics of first-order confinement-deconfinement phase transition through nucleation of hadronic bubbles in an expanding quark–gluon plasma in the context of heavy ion collisions for interacting quark and hadron gas and by incorporating the effects of curvature energy. We find that the interactions reduce the delay in the phase transition whereas the curvature energy has a mixed behavior. In contrast to the case of early Universe phase transition, here lower values of surface tension increase the supercooling and slow down the hadronization process. Higher values of bag pressure tend to speed up the transition. Another interesting feature is the start of the hadronization process as soon as the QGP is created.

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Hinde, Sebastian, Alexander Harrison, Laura Bojke et Patrick Doherty. « Quantifying the impact of delayed delivery of cardiac rehabilitation on patients’ health ». European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 27, n^o 16 (25 mars 2020) : 1775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487320912625.

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Background Despite its role as an effective intervention to improve the long-term health of patients with cardiovascular disease and existence of national guidelines on timeliness, many health services still fail to offer cardiac rehabilitation in a timely manner after referral. The impact of this failure on patient health and the additional burden on healthcare providers in an English setting is quantified in this article. Methods Two logistic regressions are conducted, using the British Heart Foundation National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation dataset, to estimate the impact of delayed cardiac rehabilitation initiation on the level of uptake and completion. The results of these regressions are applied to a decision model to estimate the long-term implications of these factors on patient health and National Health Service expenditure. Results We demonstrate that the failure of 43.6% of patients in England to start cardiac rehabilitation within the recommended timeframe results in a 15.3% reduction in uptake, and 7.4% in completion. These combine to cause an average lifetime loss of 0.08 years of life expectancy per person. Scaled up to an annual cohort this implies 10,753 patients not taking up cardiac rehabilitation due to the delay, equating to a loss of 3936 years of life expectancy. We estimate that an additional £12.3 million of National Health Service funding could be invested to alleviate the current delay. Conclusions The current delay in many patients starting cardiac rehabilitation is causing quantifiable and avoidable harm to their long-term health; policy and research must now look at both supply and demand solutions in tackling this issue.

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Sing, Yew. « Analysis of State Dependent Vacation Queues with Threshold Gated Service Policy ». International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 1, n^o 2 (avril 2010) : 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2010040103.

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In this article, the authors introduce a simple approach for modeling and analyzing a queue where the server may take repeated vacations. When a busy period ends, the server takes a vacation of random duration. At the end of each vacation, the server may either start a new vacation or resume service. If a queue is found of less than customers, the server will always take a new vacation. If there are at least customers in queue, the server provides services to those customers after a brief set-up time. The authors obtain several performance measures of the system, including the mean and second moment of the cycle time, the number of customers in a cycle of service, and the expected delay experienced by a customer.

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Bierich, Jürgen R., Klaus Nolte, Konrad Drews et Gerd Brügmann. « Constitutional delay of growth and adolescence. Results of short-term and long-term treatment with GH ». Acta Endocrinologica 127, n^o 5 (novembre 1992) : 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1270392.

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During recent years numerous reports on the favourable results of short-term trials with GH in patients with constitutional delay of growth and adolescence (CDGA) have been published, but it has been unclear whether such treatment affects final height. In the present study, the results of long-term therapy with GH in replacement doses have been evaluated in 15 patients who were treated with GH for several years (three years on average). At the start of treatment, 10 of the children were prepubertal and 5 were in puberty. All patients were followed up until final height was reached. Mean final height of the 13 male patients was 170.0±4.4 cm, i.e. −1.58 sds. In the two female patients, final height was 150.0 cm (−3.5 sds) and 164.0cm (−0.8 sds), respectively. Adult height of the patients lagged behind target height by 5.4±3.2 cm (mean±sd), Measured adult height corresponded to adult height as predicted prior to treatment. In conclusion, GH treatment of patients with CDGA did not increase final height.

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Azab, Mohammed A., Sharef Fawzy Hasaneen, Ahmed Reda, Ashraf Asous et Ahmed Y. Azzam. « Individual and Institutional Factors Preventing Completion of Research by Medical Graduate Students at Cairo University : Questionnaire Study ». JMIR Medical Education 7, n^o 3 (9 août 2021) : e23235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23235.

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Background Medical research plays a significant role in advancing the level of health care worldwide. This research is a crucial part of the development of any educational system. In developing countries, the publication rate related to the medical sciences is lower than that in developed countries. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the causes of delay in publishing research and the factors that hinder the completion of master’s degree projects in a group of medical graduate students at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Methods A web-based questionnaire was introduced to approximately 150 medical graduates in different specialties through social media. The questionnaire aimed to investigate the reasons for delays in publishing master’s degree manuscripts after graduation among a group of medical graduates. Results Of the graduates contacted, 130 responded to the web-based survey. The ages of the participants ranged from 23-38 years (SD 3.88); 72 of them were male, and 58 were female. Causes of noncompletion of manuscripts were analyzed; lack of proper research training and the absence of supportive mentorship were top reasons. We found a significant relationship between being married and failing to complete the assigned project from its start up to publication. Moreover, we found that the frequency of nonfulfillment increased among those who experienced poor mentorship. Conclusions Several factors are contributing to the delay in publication of medical manuscripts related to research projects by medical graduates of the Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Pensive supervision must be implemented to decipher the persistent institutional problems that obstruct research progress.

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Alvarez, R., L. Valbuena et L. Calvo. « Effect of high temperatures on seed germination and seedling survival in three pine species (Pinus pinaster, P. sylvestris and P. nigra) ». International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, n^o 1 (2007) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06001.

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In the present study, we analyse the germination and seedling growth of three Pinus species (P. pinaster, P. sylvestris and P. nigra) under laboratory conditions after thermal shocks simulating the temperature effects of fire. Temperatures up to 150°C and 5 min exposure show negative effects on the percentage germination of P. pinaster seeds. P. sylvestris and P. nigra cannot stand temperatures greater than 110°C and 5 min exposure. In all three species, thermal shocks delay the start of germination. In addition, seeds from P. pinaster germinate over a longer time range. Seedling aerial growth after germination is influenced by high temperatures in P. sylvestris and P. nigra, but not in P. pinaster. Finally, thermal shocks produce a reduction in root growth in comparison with aerial growth in P. sylvestris.

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Vinnem, J. E. « Risk Acceptance Criteria for Temporary Phases ». Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, n^o 3 (1 août 1996) : 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828835.

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The full life cycle approach to risk acceptance is proposed as the basis for establishing of acceptance criteria for the temporary phases, i.e., onshore and offshore construction as well as installation. The background for such criteria is discussed, as well as evaluations that may be used to formulate risk acceptance criteria in the construction and installation phases. The criteria are focused on personnel safety. Environmental spill protection and protection of assets are also addressed, but less extensively. FAR or AIR values are used to express tolerable personnel safety, whereas the acceptability of exposure of the investment is expressed in terms of acceptable probabilities of accidents with significant effect on the project time schedule, i.e., the possibility to delay significantly the start-up of the production phase. The approach is based on an ALARP principle.

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Das-Friebel, Ahuti, Anna Gkiouleka, Alexander Grob et Sakari Lemola. « Effects of a 20 minutes delay in school start time on bed and wake up times, daytime tiredness, behavioral persistence, and positive attitude towards life in adolescents ». Sleep Medicine 66 (février 2020) : 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.025.

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Hutson, Thomas E., Frank Xiaoqing Liu, Shivani Pandya, Christopher Dieyi, Ruth Kim, Stan Krulewicz, Vijay Kasturi et Abhijeet Bhanegaonkar. « Clinical impact of early progression among patients (Pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in first-line (1L) setting : IMPACT RCC real-world study. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2020) : e17079-e17079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17079.

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e17079 Background: Previous research has indicated a high burden of illness among mRCC pts who progressed to second line (2L) systemic therapy, suggesting benefits to delaying 1L progression. This study examined the clinical impact of early vs delayed disease progression among mRCC pts treated with 1L TKI monotherapies followed by 2L therapy in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database. Methods: Newly diagnosed mRCC pts treated with 1L TKIs followed by 2L therapy were identified between OCT2013-MAR2018 within the VHA database (1L start date = index date). Eligible pts were required to have continuous enrollment for ≥6 months post-2L therapy initiation unless the pt died. A Kaplan-Meier (KM)-derived median time to 2L therapy initiation was used as the cut-off to categorize pts into early (≤median) and delayed ( > median) progression cohorts. KM analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare and assess the impact of predictive factors on clinical outcomes including overall survival (OS), time to 2L discontinuation (index date to 2L discontinuation or death), and time to 3L treatment initiation (index date to 3L start or death) among pts in the early vs delayed progression cohorts. Results: Among 289 mRCC pts, the mean age was 67.4 years and the median time to 2L initiation was 6.1 months. Pt characteristics were similar between the early (n = 145) and delayed (n = 144) progression cohorts. During follow-up, the delayed progression cohort had better clinical outcomes than the early progression cohort did (Table below). Conclusions: Early progression is associated with worse clinical outcomes, confirming the need to delay disease progression among mRCC pts with effective 1L treatment strategies. Results indicate the need for use of more efficacious therapies, e.g. immuno-oncology-based combinations, in 1L that can delay disease progression and have potential to reduce disease burden. [Table: see text]

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Serkez, Svitozar, Winfried Decking, Lars Froehlich, Natalia Gerasimova, Jan Grünert, Marc Guetg, Marko Huttula et al. « Opportunities for Two-Color Experiments in the Soft X-ray Regime at the European XFEL ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 8 (15 avril 2020) : 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082728.

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X-ray pump/X-ray probe applications are made possible at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facilities by generating two X-ray pulses with different wavelengths and controllable temporal delay. In order to enable this capability at the European XFEL, an upgrade project to equip the soft X-ray SASE3 beamline with a magnetic chicane is underway. In the present paper we describe the status of the project, its scientific focus and expected performance, including start-to-end simulations of the photon beam transport up to the sample, as well as recent experimental results demonstrating two-color lasing at photon energies of 805 eV + 835 eV and 910 eV + 950 eV. Additionally, we discuss methods to analyze the spectral properties and the intensity of the generated radiation to provide on-line diagnostics for future user experiments.

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Mishra, Priyanka, Kamla Prasad Mishra, Divya Singh, Lilly Ganju, Bhuvnesh Kumar et Shashi Bala Singh. « Advances in Rapid Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests : A Review ». Defence Life Science Journal 4, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2018) : 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.4.12572.

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The rise of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem of the millennium. Clinical microbiology plays an important role in combating the problem by facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics thus managing infection in patients. Diagnostic failures are a major limiting factor during bacterial infection that causes inappropriate use of antibiotics, delay in start up of treatment and decrease in the survival rate during septic conditions. Thus rapid and reliable detection is highly relevant during such bacterial infections and also at the time of disease outbreak as many such pathogens can be used as biothreat agents or bioweapons affecting human health and posing risk to national security. This review highlights the importance of various methods for fast pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility determination. These methods have the potential to provide very precise and rapid ways for bacterial screening and identifying the correct antibiotics to cure infection

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