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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Sub-index of foreign trade »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 3 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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Dr., Mayis Gulali Gulaliyev. "The level of the state intervention in foreign trade and its macroeconomic consequences"." International Journal of Production Economics 196, no. 03 (2018): 09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1116713.

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Background/Objectives: Studying of relationship between the foreign trade sub-index and GDP for some developed and developing countries, as well as impacts of the foreign trade sub-index on GDP in Azerbaijan. Methods/Statistical analysis: the comparative analysis of the countries by using of the methodology of the Index of Leftness (Rightness) of Economy-IL(R)E Findings: 1) reduction of the state intervention in foreign trade is necessary, but it is not enough for a sustainable development of economy; 2) The state intervention in foreign trade take place even in the developed countries, but su

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Coşkun, Halil İbrahim, and Mustafa Emre Civelek. "Effects of the Sub-Dimensions of Logistics Performance Index on Foreign Trade Coverage Ratio." Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law 6, no. 2 (2020): 144–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4314021.

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The main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of each sub-dimension of the logistics performance index on foreign trade coverage ratio.  The multiple regression method was used to decompose the effect of each sub-dimension. In the study, secondary data prepared by international institutions was used. SPSS program was used to perform the analyses. Although this study initially predicted that the LPI sub-dimensions had a positive effect on the coverage ratio, all the hypotheses, except for the infrastructure, were rejected. As a result of this study, positive effect of infrastruct

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Soliman, S.A., and M. M. Khalifa. "Analysis Economic of Development and Efficiency Intra-Trade in Arab Free Trade Area." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci 2, no. 3 (2016): 44–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321646.

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This research aims mainly study and analysis of the implications of regional developments on the foreign total intra- trade in the region during the period (2000 -2013). This research employed descriptive methods to analyze indicators of efficiency of the foreign total intra-trade in the region. It was found that an increase in the value of the foreign total intra-trade in the region at an annual rate reached about 13.7%, and the average of the relative importance of the foreign total intra-trade of the foreign total trade in the region toward 11.41%. Jordan is more than the member States in t

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Farooque, Omar Al, Ali Hamid, and Lan Sun. "National Governance Index, Corruption Index, and Growth Rate—International Evidence from Sub-Saharan and MENA Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 6 (2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060261.

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In an international setting of developing countries, applying advanced statistical estimation approaches such as the system generalized method of moments (GMM), two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions, and cluster analysis, this paper revisits the impact of macro-level governance quality and the corruption index on the economic growth rate. We use cross-country panel data for 40 sub-Saharan and the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries over the period of 2009–2020. The empirical results document the positive and negative effects of the national governance index and the corruption

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Kho, Bong-Chan, and Jin-Woo Kim. "Trading Performance of Domestic and Foreign Investors in KOSPI200 Index Futures Markets." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 13, no. 1 (2005): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2005-b0001.

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We analyze trading performance of domestic and foreign investors in the KOSPI200 index futures markets in Korea over various holding periods from each transaction time to 20 trading days. We find that foreign non-brokerage firms (including investment trust, pension fund, bank and insurance) trade at a disadvantageous price compared to domestic investors, i.e., buying at a higher price by about 5bp and selling at a lower price by about 6bp during the sample period (May 1996∼Dec. 1999). The magnitude of the disadvantageous price is close to the opportunity loss attributable to their intraday mom

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Wu, Yanqiu, and Shuxiao Zhang. "Research on the Evolution of High-Quality Development of China’s Provincial Foreign Trade." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3102157.

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The new development concept is the theoretical guidance and important foundation for high-quality foreign trade development in the new era. This paper develops an evaluation index system to measure the high-quality development level of foreign trade based on the meaning of high-quality development of foreign trade under the new concept of development. The dynamic changing trend of high-quality development of China's provincial foreign trade from 2013 to 2019 and the ranking change of the development index are examined in this paper using a time series factor model. Finally, China's provinces a

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Adegboye, Folasade Bosede, Olumide Sunday Adesina, Felicia Omowunmi Olokoyo, Stephen Aanu Ojeka, and Victoria Abosede Akinjare. "The Impact of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Welfare in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p389.

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The sub-Saharan African region is characterized by a high relative degree of openness to trade. The region is also identified with increased inflows of foreign investments with no significant welfare improvement. Economic development emphasizes that the lack of domestic investment in the developing economies could be boosted by trade openness and inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for impactful enhancement of capital formation. In this article, the impact of trade openness and foreign capital inflow on economic welfare was examined on a sub-regional analysis for sub-Saharan Africa. The

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Takahashi, Nobuhiro, and Mita Takahashi. "MOVEMENT OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE INDEX IN TERMS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON A TWO-STAGE PRODUCTION MODEL." Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance 5, no. 3 (2017): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2017.05.03.004.

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This paper analyzes the movement of intra-industry trade index when the exchange rate or the world price changes. In our two-stage production model, firms construct factories in a foreign country by foreign direct investment (FDI). The firms export components from the home country to the foreign factories, and import final products from the foreign factories. The foreign factories also sell the final products in the world market. Under this knockdown system, we research the movement of the intra-industry trade index of the home country. This paper shows that appreciation of the exchange rate d

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Gnidchenko, A., and V. Salnikov. "Russian foreign trade price competitiveness." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-1-108-129.

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We examine export and import prices for Russian commodities relative to world prices during 2002—2011 across aggregated and disaggregated commodity groups. We also propose an aggregated export price competitiveness index as a tool of monitoring quality dynamics and a composite price competitiveness rating by commodity groups.

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ŞİMŞEK, Türker. "Türk Devletlerinde Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Politik Küreselleşme ile Ekonomik Performans Arasındaki İlişki." Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, no. 2 (2023): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1287909.

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This article examines the relationship between economic, social and political globalization indices, which are the sub-dimensions of KOF globalization index, and economic performances in Turkish States for the period 1991-2019. As a result of the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Mean Group (DOLSMG-Demean) method applied in the analysis, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between economic performance and economic globalization in Turkic States; A negative and statistically significant relationship is found between economic performance and social globalization. In addit

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Thèses sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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Koutrakos, Panos. "Trade, foreign policy and defence in EU constitutional law : the legal regulation of sanctions, exports of dual-use goods and armaments /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/324099142.pdf.

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Odendaal, Daniel Jacobus. "AGOA III and the proposed Free Trade Agreement between SACU and the USA : implications of a Free Trade Agreement with an industrialised country for SACU." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21982.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The SACU bloc, which accounts for one-half of the subcontinent's GDP, is the largest market for the US exports in SSA (Langton, January 2005). Wide differences exist among the economies of SACU - while SA has developed a significant manufacturing and industrial capacity, the other countries remain dependent on agriculture and mineral extraction. The grouping is dominated by SA, which accounts for 87% of the population, and 93% of the GDP of the customs area. SACU member states had a combined real GDP of $201bn in 2003. Serv

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Van, Wyk Albertus Maritz. "The proposed SACU-US free trade agreement : impact on AGOA benefits." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21977.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.<br>The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was signed into law in May 2000 by President Clinton to allow sub-Saharan countries to export designated products duty-free into the US. AGOA is a temporary measure that is non-reciprocal and not negotiated by the participating parties. The initiative was launched to liberalise the markets of developing countries on the road to become integrated in the global economy. The initial success of AGOA was limited, with only a few countries making use of AGOA to increase their exports into the US mark

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Zhang, Jian. "The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.

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Klopper, Annette. "Strenghts and weaknesses of AGOA from a Southern African point of view and lessons to be learnt for future trade agreements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50455.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study sets out to analyse the trade performance of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) to determine the lessons that can be learnt from it strengths and weaknesses with the purpose to assist future trade negotiations - and specifically the current free trade negotiations between the United States of America (USA) and the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU). A short overview of AGOA's content is given with specific reference to the many rules and regulations governing the arrangement. AGOA's trade performan

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Addey, Kwame Asiam. "The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29005.

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Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination?s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads

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Guadalupe, Báscones Julio. "Analysis of the FTA signed with the asian countries - trade facilitation and customs procedure -." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122941.

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The opening of Peru to foreign markets in the past 20 years is a consequence of the signature of several Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with our main partners in business, both on a bilateral and multilateral level. In this article, on the one hand, important changes to customs regulations concerning obligations arose from the signature of several FTA will be analyzed and, on the other hand, a comparative analysis regarding regulations about facilitation of commerce and customs procedures contained in FTA signed with our main Asian partners in business will be developed.<br>La política de apertur

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Sene, Seydina Ousmane. "FOOD IMPORTS UNDER FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONSTRAINTS IN THE CFA’S FRANC ZONE OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA)." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/26.

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To respond to the high imported food prices in their domestic markets, net food importing countries in the Communauté Financière Africaine (CFA) zone[1] are adjusting their import tariffs and homologate domestic prices of imported commodities such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugar. This research uses a multivariate specification of error correction model (VECM) of estimation to investigate the link between food imports, world price index of rice, wheat, maize and sugar, real effective exchange rates, domestic food production, GDP, and trade openness in the short and long run. The data are on ea

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Eka, Fred. "La contribution de la Chine au développement économique des pays d' Afrique Sub Saharienne." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2035/document.

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Au cours des 15 dernières années, la relation sino-africaine a profondément modifié le continent africain que de nombreux gouvernements occidentaux avaient abandonné. L'Afrique centrale possède de nombreuses matières premières notamment du pétrole, du cuivre, du cobalt et du minerai de fer. Beaucoup, y compris certains africains, soupçonnent ce qu'ils considèrent comme une prise de terre néocoloniale, dans laquelle l’état chinois illustré à travers ses 2200 entreprises, extraient des minéraux en contrepartie d'infrastructures. Néanmoins, il y a un consensus que la présence chinoise a surtout b

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Ruggins, Sarah Marie Elizabeth. "Building blocks : a historical sociology of the innovation and regulation of exchange traded funds in the United States, 1970-2000." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29505.

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Between 1993 and 2016, the U.S. exchange traded fund (ETF) market has proliferated from one product worth $6.5 million USD to 1,455 products worth over $2 trillion USD. Despite its dramatic growth, the ETF market has yet to be the subject of sociological inquiry even though fields such as the social studies of finance have begun examining the origins of index derivatives (Millo 2007), options (MacKenzie 2006), hedge funds (Hardie and MacKenzie 2007), and foreign exchange markets (Knorr Cetina and Bruegger 2002). Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first historical sociolog

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Livres sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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Husain, Ishrat. Trade, aid, and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank, Africa Regional Office, Office of the Chief Economist, 1993.

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Customs and International Trade Bar Association. Committee on Unfair Trade and Trade Adjustment., ed. Research index: U.S. international trade laws. The Association, 1991.

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Anderson, James E. The mercantilist index of trade policy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Zubair, Iqbal, Khan Mohsin S, International Monetary Fund, and African Economic Research Consortium, eds. Trade reform and regional integration in Africa. IMF Institute, International Monetary Fund, 1998.

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Agbeyegbe, Terence D. Trade liberalization, exchange rate changes, and tax revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affair and Secretary's Depts., 2004.

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Dua, Pami. A leading index for India's exports. Dept. of Economic Analysis and Policy, Reserve Bank of India, 2001.

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Dua, Pami. A leading index for India's exports. Dept. of Economic Analysis and Policy, Reserve Bank of India, 2001.

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Amelia, Porges, Weiss Friedl 1946-, Mavroidis Petros C, and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization), eds. Guide to GATT law and practice: Analytical index. 6th ed. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1994.

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1939-, Graham Bill, and Harb Mac 1953-, eds. Towards a secure and trade-efficient border: Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade : report of the Sub-committee on International Trade, Trade Disputes and Investment. House of Commons, 2001.

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1927-, Stern Robert Mitchell, Trezise Philip H. 1912-, Whalley John, University of Michigan, and University of Western Ontario. Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations., eds. Perspectives on a U.S.-Canadian free trade agreement. Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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Berlage, Lodewijk, and Sophie Vandermeulen. "Have Imports Constrained Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?" In International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and the Economic Environment. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14030-5_2.

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Marinov, Eduard, and Nedyalko Nestorov. "Development Aid and International Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa: EU versus China." In Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Development in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53496-5_13.

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Bayraktar, Nihal. "Changing International Trade Linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa: BRIC versus OECD Countries." In Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Development in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53496-5_14.

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Acar, Mehmet Fatih, and Alev Özer Torgalöz. "Measuring Foreign Trade-Logistics Efficiency: A DEA Approach and the Malmquist Index." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91851-4_3.

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Dara, Beatrice Isah. "Can Trade Openness and Global Value Chains Improve Real GDP Growth and Human Development Index in Sub-Saharan African Countries?" In Logistics and Global Value Chains in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77652-1_10.

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"Index." In The Foreign Trade of China. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.2430623.35.

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"Index." In Food Trade and Foreign Policy. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501742835-012.

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Rozenberg, Veronica. "Index." In Jewish Foreign Trade Officials on Trial. Lexington Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781793652850-281.

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"Index." In The Provinces and Canadian Foreign Trade Policy. University of British Columbia Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.59962/9780774815864-016.

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"Index." In Law and Politics in China's Foreign Trade. University of Washington Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295803876-039.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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SMUTKA, Luboš, Miroslav SVATOŠ, and Mansoor MAITAH. "CZECH AGRARIAN FOREIGN TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES DISTRIBUTION: TRANSFORMATION PROCESS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.150.

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This paper primarily focuses on Czech agrarian foreign trade comparative advantage issues. The structure and comparative advantages distribution are analyzed in the period before (2001) and after the Czech EU accession (2015/2016). The main central aim of this paper is to identify and analyze changes in comparative advantages distribution and trade commodity structure which have occurred. Trade structure and comparative advantages distribution are analysed in relation to the EU and rest of the World (Developing countries, OECD members, CIS, etc.). Commodity structure (we applied HS system) is

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Oransay, Gürçem. "An Examination of the Relationship between Exports and Wages for Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00746.

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In this study the together with increasing foregin trade after trade liberalization, affects of changing income distribution on wages has been discussed. Assuming wages as an issue of income distribution, it continues with foregin trade theories which are related to foreign trade and affect of export on wages in particular. The developments such as effective markets after trade liberalization, high efficiency and removal of barriers in front of international trade increase cost competitiveness and wage levels change. It is still discussed whether foreign trade has positive or negative affects

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Ojede, Dr Andrew. "Foreign Direct Investments, Trade Flows and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." In 5th World Conference on Business, Management, Finance, Economics, and Marketing. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62422/978-81-968539-6-9-016.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing country regions have been one of the most important aspects of globalization and a key source of growth-financing in many countries. However, over several decades, there have been disproportionate FDI flows to developing country regions with Sub-Saharan Africa receiving the least. Extant research has examined key determinants of FDI flows and the impact of such capital movements on the economic growth process of host nations. In this lecture, I will examine some of our recent research papers which employ space-time dynamic models on the growt

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Yurttançıkmaz, Ziya Çağlar, Selahattin Sarı, Çağatay Karaköy, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan Economy and Its Competitiveness Power." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02136.

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Uzbekistan, one of the highest population density and historically most influential countries in the Central Asian countries, has gained political independence in 1991. Among the transition economies during the post-independence period, it is noteworthy that Uzbekistan was the reformist country at the outset, however the most striking feature is the stagnation of reforms in the ongoing time frame. In this context, incorporation into the world economy, there has been a rapid growth in foreign trade with border countries, in particularly Russia, China and Turkey. In the study, Uzbekistan's forei

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Kašťáková, Elena, and Andrea Chlebcová. "The Evaluation of Foreign Trade between Slovakia and the Western Balkans Based on the Analysis of the Trade Intensity Index." In The 20th International Joint Conference: Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Prague University of Economics and Business, Oeconomica Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2020.cer.2395.9.

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Yang, Lihua. "Construction of evaluation index system of foreign trade sustainable development based on big data analysis." In Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Communication, and Devices (ICCD 2023), edited by Srikanta Patnaik. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2683011.

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Başkol, Murat Ozan. "Intra-Industry Trade between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Republics." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00212.

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Intra-industry trade gained considerable importance in international economics literature in recent years. Today almost one forth of world trade has intra-industry trade nature, which is defined as trade within industries rather than between industries. In other words, intra-industry trade is the simultaneous export and import of goods within the same industry. The most widely used measure of intra-industry trade is Grubel-Lloyd (GL)Index. GL Index measures the extent of intra-industry trade in a particular industry or an economy as a whole. According to GL Index, an index of IIT in trade of i

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Azgün, Sabri, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Mine Gerni, and Selahattin Sarı. "Determination of the Level of Intra Industry Trade and Sectoral Competition Power between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01521.

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In terms of Intra-industry trade, international investments, technology transfer and capital movements, has increased the interdependence of countries and increasingly have similar economic structures of countries. Intra-industry trade, is of goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. Intra-industry trade, is extremely important in terms of the determination of competitive aspects and of foreign exchange earnings of the country and industry. The aim of this stud

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Gerni, Cevat, Sabri Azgün, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Vertical and Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade between Turkey and the World in the Selected Manufacturing Industry Sub-Sectors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01900.

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Intra industry trade is goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. There are two main categories of intra-industry trade: horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade in similar products with differentiated varieties is horizontal intra-industry trade, the intra-industry trade of differentiated goods, which differ in terms of quality and price, is vertical intra trade. The main objectives of this paper are to explain the extent of vertical

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Akbulut, Gizem, and Candan Yılmaz. "The Analysis of Turkey-Russia External Trade at the Sectoral Level." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01210.

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Generally the growth of country and the development of countries’regional level depend upon the competitive power of other countries and their regions as well. In this context with globalization, the concept of competition in terms of individuals or firms have been not only limited to the local level, but also moved into the international order. Turkey has started to implement export-oriented industrialization policy taken decision on 24 April 1980 and thereby the capacity of its foreign trade has gradually increased in the current process.  Starting from this direction, the aim of the s

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Sub-index of foreign trade"

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Hertel, Thomas, David Hummels, Maros Ivanic, and Roman Keeney. How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp26.

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With the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) over the past decade, demand for quantitative analysis of their likely impacts has surged. The main quantitative tool for performing such analysis is Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Yet these models have been widely criticized for performing poorly (Kehoe, 2002) and having weak econometric foundations (McKitrick, 1998; Jorgenson, 1984). FTA results have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the trade elasticities, with small trade elasticities generating large terms of trade effects and relatively modest efficiency gain

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Albis, Manuel Leonard, Mara Claire Tayag, and Jong Woo Kang. Estimating Regional Integration Using the Bayesian State-Space Approach. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230622-2.

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Estimating regional integration faces challenges due to incomplete data. This paper addresses this through the dynamic factor model estimated using the Bayesian state-space approach. Bilateral economic integration (BEI) indexes are estimated across four dimensions: trade, foreign direct investments, finance, and migration. The regional integration index (RII) of Asia and the Pacific is calculated by applying network density to the BEI estimates. The RII declined slightly in recent years, with the network centering more around the People’s Republic of China.

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Desk, Front. Reaching the Unreached: Scale-Up Empowerment Study. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/4006.

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The Reaching the Unreached — Scale-Up (RtU-S) project was launched in 2018 and completed in 2021. It was an extension of the Reaching the Unreached project (RtU) and sought to expand the success of the initial project in providing hard-to-reach women and girls with education and economic opportunities. RtU-S continued its activities in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan and began new work in Sri Lanka. RtU-S was made possible with support from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia. This study explores women’s and girls’ empowerment from the start of the project (the baseline) to i

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Miller, Eric T. Financial Services in the Trading System: Progress and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008609.

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In the winter of 1996, Canada's third largest financial institution, the Bank of Montreal, launched a now infamous advertising campaign in which it asked the question: Can a bank change? While the resulting ads naturally responded in the affirmative, many other large financial institutions were asking themselves the same question. The dramatic acceleration since the mid-to-late 1980's of the rate at which banks are establishing branches and/or investing in financial institutions outside of their home markets combined with the dismantling by governments around the world of many traditional regu

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Levy Yeyati, Eduardo, Ernesto H. Stein, and Christian Daude. The FTAA and the Location of FDI? Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009108.

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The role of regional integration agreements (RIAs) as a determinant of the location of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become an increasingly relevant issue for emerging economies. While the concerns regarding the impact of RIAs on FDI for countries in Latin America may be related to a number of RIA initiatives of different types (sub regional South-South agreements, agreements with the EU, etc.), the largest effects are likely to be associated with the ( Free Trade Area of the Americas ) FTAA. In this regard, there are a number of highly relevant questions: For instance, what effect will

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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe

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Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia, July 2024. Banco de la República, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.04-2024.

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In the first quarter of 2024, the figures of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE in Spanish) showed that the economy achieved annual growth of 0.9%. Although this result was moderate, it confirmed the economy's recovery path. Monetary policy has played a critical role in containing inflationary pressures. This has allowed inflation to trend downwards, continuing into the first half of 2024. Net foreign reserves totaled USD 60,901 million as of 30 June 2024, a slight increase over the course of the year. For 2024, the profit of Banco de la República (the Central Bank of C

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Private sector and food security. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191178.

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The global community is facing escalating acute food insecurity crises, predominantly in Sub- Saharan Africa, due to climate change, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and COVID-19 shocks. Related impacts on donor government budgets, domestic conflicts and limited fiscal capacity in countries already experiencing acute food insecurity, often on top of high chronic food insecurity levels, further exacerbate the issue. This policy brief examines the potential of private sector financing to alleviate acute food insecurity, through providing a targeted review of key mechanisms for mobilizing private sec

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Monetary Policy Report - January 2023. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2023.

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1. Macroeconomic Summary In December, headline inflation (13.1%) and the average of the core inflation measures (10.3%) continued to trend upward, posting higher rates than those estimated by the Central Bank's technical staff and surpassing the market average. Inflation expectations for all terms exceeded the 3.0% target. In that month, every major group in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) registered higher-than-estimated increases, and the diffusion indicators continued to show generalized price hikes. Accumulated exchange rate pressures on prices, indexation to high inflation rates, and sever

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Monetary Policy Report - October 2022. Banco de la República Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4-2022.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary In September, headline inflation (11.4% annually) and the average of core inflation indicators (8.6% annually) continued on a rising trend, and higher increases than expected were recorded. Forecasts increased again, and inflation expectations remained above 3%. Inflationary surprises in the third quarter were significant and widespread, and they are the result of several shocks. On the one hand, international cost and price shocks, which have mainly affected goods and foods, continue to exert upwards pressure on national inflation. In addition to these external suppl

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