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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Substance abuse – South Africa – Soshanguve »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 4 février 2022

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1

Yach, Derek, Charles D. H. Parry et Stephen Harrison. « Prospects for substance abuse control in South Africa ». Addiction 90, no 10 (octobre 1995) : 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb03538.x.

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Yach, Derek, Charles D. H. Parry et Stephen Harrison. « Prospects for substance abuse control in South Africa ». Addiction 90, no 10 (octobre 1995) : 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09652149541239.

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Sodano, Ruthlyn, Donnie W. Watson, Solomon Rataemane, Lusanda Rataemane, Nomvuyo Ntlhe et Richard Rawson. « The Substance Abuse Treatment Workforce of South Africa ». International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 8, no 4 (12 septembre 2009) : 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9245-x.

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Ramlagan, Shandir, Karl Peltzer et Gladys Matseke. « Epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa ». South African Journal of Psychiatry 16, no 2 (1 avril 2010) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v16i2.172.

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<p><strong>Background.</strong> The aim of the study was to explore the epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Treatment demand statistics were analysed from South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use records, and a rapid situation assessment was conducted. Twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted in all 9 provinces among provincial substance abuse co-ordinators, and one manager per treatment centre from a sample of treatment centres. Three focus groups were conducted and 46 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among inpatients at 2 selected treatment centres in Free State and North West provinces. Qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory, and quantitative data analysed using SPSS. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Treatment records show that the most frequent substance of abuse was alcohol (51%), followed by cannabis (21%), crack/cocaine (9.6%), heroin/opiates (7.9%), methamphetamine (Tik) (4.5%), prescription/over-the-counter drugs (2.0%), and cannabis/mandrax (1.7%). More substance abusers were male, of lower education, white or black, than were female, more highly educated, coloured and Indian/Asian. Key informant interviews showed that females are the ‘hidden’ substance abusers and tend not to be identified in research statistics and at treatment centres. Poverty, unemployment, lack of recreational facilities, being surrounded by substance abusers, and long work shifts were also mentioned as factors contributing to substance abuse. The age of initiation of substance abuse using non-drugs such as glue was 9 years old, alcohol 10 - 12 years old, dagga 11 - 12 years old, poly-drug use (alcohol, tobacco and dagga) 14 years old, and harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin at 16 - 17 years old, as reported by key informants. Family care and support, improved socio-economic conditions and increased law enforcement would help to discourage substance abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Prevention interventions and policies in South Africa should focus on reducing substance abuse by targeting the ‘at risk populations’ identified in this study.</p>
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Bowles, Steven, Johann Louw et Bronwyn Myers. « Perceptions of Organizational Functioning in Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in South Africa ». International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 9, no 3 (5 août 2010) : 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9285-2.

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Grootboom, Grizelda. « Exit ! A Prostitution Survivor Voice from South Africa ». ANTYAJAA : Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no 2 (décembre 2017) : 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717735730.

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The author shares her first-hand experience of sexual abuse and slavery on the streets of South Africa during and after apartheid. Reflecting on her days in prostitution, the author also provides an insight into how the prostituted woman is robbed off her dignity and how difficult it is to exit from the physical and mental trauma. She explains the meaning of freedom after apartheid for the street children of South Africa. They celebrated the end of the systemic marginalization of black people but continued to face rampant substance abuse, sexual violence and ‘gangsterism’. This article is a testimony of her from sex slavery to a survivor leader and activist against the backfrop of the apathy of the South African state towards its vulnerable children.
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Pillay, A. L., et M. B. W. van der Veen. « Prevalence of Parental Substance-Abuse among Child Psychiatric Inpatients ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no 3 (juin 1997) : 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.947.

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Of 100 consecutive admissions to an acute child psychiatric facility in South Africa 43 bad at least one substance-abusing parent, while 10 children were from families in which both parents abused substances. 23 children received a diagnosis of depression, but no significant association was found between their diagnoses and parental substance-abuse status.
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Bhana, Arvin. « Substance Use and Abuse in South Africa : Insights from Brain and Behavioural Sciences ». South African Medical Journal 102, no 8 (9 juillet 2012) : 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.6111.

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Dada, S., N. Harker Burnhams, M. C. Van Hout et C. D. H. Parry. « Codeine misuse and dependence in South Africa – learning from substance abuse treatment admissions ». South African Medical Journal 105, no 9 (14 septembre 2015) : 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samjnew.8172.

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Montle, M. E., M. J. Mogoboya et M. C. Modiba. « Exploring bluetooth drug craze and substance abuse in South Africa : a model approach ». Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa 8, no 3 (15 décembre 2019) : 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4284/2019/8n3a7.

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Nyabadza, Farai, et Lezanie Coetzee. « A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa ». Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4074197.

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The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape are simulated using STELLA software. The simulation results are consistent with the data from SACENDU and CrimeStats SA, highlighting the usefulness of such a model in designing and planning interventions to combat substance abuse and its related problems.
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Mpanza, D. M., et P. Govender. « Rural realities in service provision for substance abuse : a qualitative study in uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». South African Family Practice 59, no 3 (10 juillet 2017) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4715.

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Background: Substance abuse is recognised as a worldwide concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in South Africa. There is minimal research that has considered influences in mental health care service delivery in rural and disadvantaged communities in South Africa. Methods: A qualitative study with substance abuse service providers in uMkhanyakude rural district of KwaZulu-Natal was undertaken to gain insight into the experiences and challenges in service delivery. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders (n = 29) in the rural district. Results: The findings of the study suggest that service providers experience challenges in service delivery in this rural area. The effects of culture (amarula festival and ancestral worship) exacerbate the use of substances; the high rate of unemployment and poverty lead to the produce of home-brewed substances for sustainable living; a lack of resources poses threats to service delivery; the poor prioritisation of mental health care services and a lack of monitoring and evaluation of services in the district were highlighted. Conclusions: Despite this being a single district study, findings reflect the need for a district, provincial and national standard for substance abuse rehabilitation services in addition to the improvement of monitoring and evaluation for quality improvement. There is also a need to respond to the gaps that exist in after-care and community-based or decentralised substance abuse services that are essential in such areas, which are under-resourced despite the high prevalence of substance users. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272232
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Myers, Bronwyn, Zaino Petersen, Rehana Kader et Charles D. H. Parry. « Moving beyond access : Towards a quality-orientated substance abuse treatment system in South Africa ». South African Medical Journal 102, no 8 (28 juin 2012) : 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.5990.

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Van Der Westhuizen, JL, F. Roodt, M. Nejthardt, T. Esterhuizen, M. Flint, D. Van Straaten et P. Magni. « The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa ». Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 25, no 6 (29 novembre 2019) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/sajaa.19.6.a2.

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Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.
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Van Der Westhuizen, JL, F. Roodt, M. Nejthardt, T. Esterhuizen, M. Flint, D. Van Straaten et P. Magni. « The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa ». Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 25, no 6 (4 décembre 2019) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/sajaa.2019.25.6.a2.

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Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.
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Manu, Emmanuel, et Xavela T. Maluleke. « Learners' Substance Abuse at School in Selected High Schools in East London of South Africa ». International Journal of Educational Sciences 19, no 1 (3 octobre 2017) : 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2017.1368190.

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Meade, Christina S., Ryan R. Lion, Daniella M. Cordero, Melissa H. Watt, John A. Joska, Hetta Gouse et Warren Burnhams. « HIV Risk Behavior Among Methamphetamine Users Entering Substance Abuse Treatment in Cape Town, South Africa ». AIDS and Behavior 20, no 10 (12 février 2016) : 2387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1333-x.

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Myers, Bronwyn, Nadine Harker Burnhams et Nuraan Fakier. « Monitoring and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Services in South Africa : Implications for Policy and Practice ». International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 8, no 4 (25 juillet 2009) : 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9232-2.

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Vitalis Nzama, Muzi, et Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani. « Substance Abuse among High School Learners in South Africa : A Case Study of Promoting Factors ». African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) Si, no 1 (6 mars 2021) : 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/sin1a12.

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Morojele, Neo K., Judith S. Brook et Millicent A. Kachieng'A. « Perceptions of sexual risk behaviours and substance abuse among adolescents in South Africa : A qualitative investigation ». AIDS Care 18, no 3 (avril 2006) : 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500456243.

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Van Der Burgh, Chris. « Substance Abuse in a Democratic South Africa : Current and future education and prevention policies and strategies ». Drugs : Education, Prevention and Policy 3, no 2 (janvier 1996) : 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687639609017389.

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Meyer, J. C., M. Matlala et A. Chigome. « Mental health care - a public health priority in South Africa ». South African Family Practice 61, no 5 (28 octobre 2019) : 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i5.4946.

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Mental health is an integral part of health and it includes an individual’s emotional, psychological and social well-being. Mental illness remains underreported and underdiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. South Africa carries a huge burden of mental illnesses with the most prevalent being anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, mood disorders and depression. People with mental health conditions often face neglect in the health system as well as stigma and discrimination. This has resulted in poor health outcomes, isolation and high suicide rates, including amongst adolescents. The South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan (2013–2020) aims to integrate mental health into the health system to provide quality mental health services that are accessible, equitable and comprehensive, particularly for community-based mental health. This article provides an overview of mental health care in South Africa, highlighting its public health importance.
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Angulo-Arreola, Iliana Alexandra, Francisco I. Bastos et Steffanie A. Strathdee. « Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean ». Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no 1 (18 août 2011) : 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545109711417408.

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The Caribbean and Central America represent a formidable challenge for researchers and policy makers in the HIV field, due to their pronounced heterogeneity in terms of social, economic, and cultural contexts and the different courses the HIV epidemic has followed in the region. Such contrasting contexts and epidemics can be exemplified by 2 countries that share the island of Hispaniola, the French Creole-speaking Haiti, and the Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic. Haiti has experienced the worst epidemics outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Following a protracted economic and social crisis, recently aggravated by a devastating earthquake, the local HIV epidemic could experience resurgence. The region, strategically located on the way between coca-producing countries and the profitable North American markets, has been a transshipment area for years. Notwithstanding, the impact of such routes on local drug scenes has been very heterogeneous and dynamic, depending on a combination of local mores, drug enforcement activities, and the broad social and political context. Injecting drug use remains rare in the region, but local drug scenes are dynamic under the influence of increasing mobility of people and goods to and from North and South America, growing tourism and commerce, and prostitution. The multiple impacts of the recent economic and social crisis, as well as the influence of drug-trafficking routes across the Caribbean and other Latin American countries require a sustained effort to track changes in the HIV risk environment to inform sound drug policies and initiatives to minimize drug-related harms in the region.
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Evans, Dylan J., et Anthony L. Pillay. « Mental Health Problems of Men Attending District- Level Clinical Psychology Services in South Africa ». Psychological Reports 104, no 3 (juin 2009) : 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.3.773-783.

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Over a 1-yr. period, 70 men attended district level clinical psychology services in Msunduzi, South Africa. The mean age was 35.9 yr., and 80% had secondary education. Only 65.7% attended of their own accord. 51% were unemployed, 71.4% had financial problems, 44.3% admitted to substance abuse, 74.3% reported relationship problems, and 14.3% admitted to being violent toward their partners, suicidal ideation was the commonest referral problem, while mood disorder was the most frequent diagnosis. Clinicians estimated that 75.7% of these men had low self-esteem. 45.8% (34) perceived their partner as disengaged, enmeshed, or oppressive.
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Cummings, Beverley, Warren Lucas, Jacqueline Burgess, Siphokazi Dada, Charles D. H. Parry et Nadine Harker. « Correlates of Self-Reported HIV Testing Among Patients in Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Centers in South Africa ». AIDS and Behavior 25, no 9 (5 mai 2021) : 2755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03178-z.

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Audet, Carolyn M., Sizzy Ngobeni, Erin Graves et Ryan G. Wagner. « Mixed methods inquiry into traditional healers’ treatment of mental, neurological and substance abuse disorders in rural South Africa ». PLOS ONE 12, no 12 (19 décembre 2017) : e0188433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188433.

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Mpanza, DM, et P. Govender. « Rural realities in service provision for substance abuse : a qualitative study in uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». South African Family Practice 59, no 3 (28 février 2017) : 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2016.1272232.

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Luyt, Willem F. M., et Gomolemu M. Moshoeu. « Risk-taking Behaviour in South African Correctional Centres : A Case Study of the Leeuwkop Correctional Centre ». European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, no 2 (2013) : 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21022027.

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Risk-taking behaviour is a global phenomenon that shows increased presence in certain institutional circles. Various forms of risk-taking behaviours are deeply rooted in the South African correctional system and other branches of the criminal justice system. South Africa needs new approaches to deal with matters related to risk-taking behaviour in the criminal justice system (particularly inside correctional centres), for example, HIV infection, inmate rape and a growing problem concerning substance abuse. This investigation looks into risk-taking behaviour behind prison walls. The Leeuwkop correctional complex, a microcosm of the South African correctional system, was chosen for the investigation.
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Cluver, Lucie D., Franziska Meinck, Janina I. Steinert, Yulia Shenderovich, Jenny Doubt, Rocio Herrero Romero, Carl J. Lombard et al. « Parenting for Lifelong Health : a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa ». BMJ Global Health 3, no 1 (janvier 2018) : e000539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000539.

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ObjectiveTo assess the impact of ‘Parenting for Lifelong Health: Sinovuyo Teen’, a parenting programme for adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, on abuse and parenting practices.DesignPragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.Setting40 villages/urban sites (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Participants552 families reporting conflict with their adolescents (aged 10–18).InterventionIntervention clusters (n=20) received a 14-session parent and adolescent programme delivered by trained community members. Control clusters (n=20) received a hygiene and hand-washing promotion programme.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes: abuse and parenting practices at 1 and 5–9 months postintervention. Secondary outcomes: caregiver and adolescent mental health and substance use, adolescent behavioural problems, social support, exposure to community violence and family financial well-being at 5–9 months postintervention. Blinding was not possible.ResultsAt 5–9 months postintervention, the intervention was associated with lower abuse (caregiver report incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.55 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.75, P<0.001); corporal punishment (caregiver report IRR=0.55 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.83, P=0.004)); improved positive parenting (caregiver report d=0.25 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.47, P=0.024)), involved parenting (caregiver report d=0.86 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.08, P<0.001); adolescent report d=0.28 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.48, P=0.006)) and less poor supervision (caregiver report d=−0.50 (95% CI −0.70 to −0.29, P<0.001); adolescent report d=−0.34 (95% CI −0.55 to −0.12, P=0.002)), but not decreased neglect (caregiver report IRR 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.08, P=0.066); adolescent report IRR 1.46 (95% CI 0.75 to 2.85, P=0.264)), inconsistent discipline (caregiver report d=−0.14 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.09, P=0.229); adolescent report d=0.03 (95% CI −0.20 to 0.26, P=0.804)), or adolescent report of abuse IRR=0.90 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.24, P=0.508) and corporal punishment IRR=1.05 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.57, P=0.819). Secondary outcomes showed reductions in caregiver corporal punishment endorsement, mental health problems, parenting stress, substance use and increased social support (all caregiver report). Intervention adolescents reported no differences in mental health, behaviour or community violence, but had lower substance use (all adolescent report). Intervention families had improved economic welfare, financial management and more violence avoidance planning (in caregiver and adolescent report). No adverse effects were detected.ConclusionsThis parenting programme shows promise for reducing violence, improving parenting and family functioning in low-resource settings.Trial registration numberPan-African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201507001119966.
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Poliah, Vinola, et Saeeda Paruk. « Depression, anxiety symptoms and substance use amongst sex workers attending a non-governmental organisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». South African Family Practice 59, no 3 (10 juillet 2017) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4538.

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Background: Sex work is a high-risk occupation for mental health problems as sex workers are vulnerable to high rates of violence, sexual coercion, stigma and HIV. Aim: To determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use in sex workers.Method: A crosssectional questionnaire survey of all men and women attending the Sisonke health initiative, a non-profit non-governmental organisation (NGO), for sex workers was conducted over three months. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3.0) were administered. Results: A total of 155 participants were surveyed. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the SRQ 20 and PHQ 9 total scores were 78.4% and 80.9% respectively. Some 40% of sex workers reported suicidal ideation in the year preceding the study. High rates of violence (n = 112, 72%) and childhood abuse (n = 107, 69%) were reported. The prevalence of HIV was 76.1%. The lifetime prevalence of substance use for nicotine (87.8%), alcohol (87.8%) and cannabis (87.7%) was high. Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms reported, only 15 (9.7%) participants were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of the survey. Conclusions: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use and co-morbid HIV infection reported by sex workers and the significant treatment gap suggests an urgent need to provide an integrated health service that targets physical and mental health in sex workers. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247
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Wong, Frank Y., Z. Jennifer Huang, Julia A. DiGangi, Estina E. Thompson et Brian D. Smith. « Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence on Substance Abuse, Sexual Risks, and Depression among a Sample of South Africans in Cape Town, South Africa ». AIDS Education and Prevention 20, no 1 (février 2008) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2008.20.1.56.

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Govender, Desiree, Saloshni Naidoo et Myra Taylor. « Antenatal and Postpartum Depression : Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». Depression Research and Treatment 2020 (21 janvier 2020) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5364521.

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Background. Maternal depression is a major public health concern as it affects both mothers and their children. Antenatal depression, which is often underdiagnosed, has been associated with preterm labour, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Research has demonstrated that postpartum depression is associated with mother-infant bonding impairment, child abuse, child neglect, maternal substance abuse, and self-harm. Globally, the prevalence of depression in pregnant and postpartum adolescents varies. This paper reports on the findings of the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant and postpartum adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods. Data were generated by means of a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted between June and November 2017 utilizing a sample of 326 adolescent females accessing maternal health services in a medium-sized rural peripheral district hospital in Ugu, Southern KwaZulu-Natal. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to screen participating pregnant and postnatal adolescents for depression. A cut-off score of ≥13 was used to identify pregnant and postnatal adolescents with symptoms of depression. The data were analysed using R software. Results. The prevalence of depression among the pregnant participants was 15.9% (21/132), whereas it was 8.8% (17/194) among the postpartum participants. Antenatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.47, 95% CI 1.36-30.53, p=0.01) and verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-15.16, p=0.006). The pregnant participants who indicated they received a lot of support from their partners were 0.93% less likely to have depression. Postnatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.32, 95% CI 1.66-29.44, p=0.005), verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.3, 95% CI 1.03-15.79, p=0.03), and intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.58, 95% CI 1.58-48.82, p=0.008). Conclusion. The prevalence of antenatal depression was higher than postpartum depression in the study sample. In light of the findings, maternal healthcare professionals are cautioned to consider the mental health of pregnant and postpartum adolescents who seek their services at health facilities.
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Fontes Marx, Mayara, Leslie London, Nadine Harker Burnhams et John Ataguba. « Usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa : a qualitative analysis ». BMJ Open 9, no 8 (août 2019) : e031560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031560.

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ObjectiveThis paper assesses the usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa (SA) by documenting the type of data available, identifying what possible analyses could be done using these existing datasets in SA and exploring limitations of the datasets.SettingsA desktop review and in-depth semistructured interviews were used to identify existing alcohol surveys in SA and assess their usability.ParticipantsWe interviewed 10 key researchers in alcohol policies and health economics in SA (four women and six men). It consisted of academic/researchers (n=6), government officials (n=3) and the alcohol industry (n=1).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe desktop review examined datasets for the level of the data, geographical coverage, the population surveyed, year of data collection, available covariables, analyses possible and limitations of the data. The 10 in-depth interviews with key researchers explored informant’s perspective on the usability of existing alcohol datasets in SA.ResultsIn SA, alcohol data constraints are mainly attributed to accessibility restrictions on survey data, limited geographical coverage, lack of systematic and standardised measurement of alcohol, infrequency of surveys and the lack of transparency and public availability of industry data on production, distribution and consumption.ConclusionThe International Alcohol Control survey or a similar framework survey focusing on substance abuse should be considered for implementation at the national level. Also, alcohol research data funded by the taxpayers’ money and alcohol industry data should be made publicly available.
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Manona, Wendy. « An Empirical Assessment of Dropout Rate of Learners at Selected High Schools in King William’s Town, South Africa ». Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i4.102.

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This study investigated and analysed factors responsible for high dropout rate of learners at selected high schools in King William’s Town District, Province of the Eastern Cape. The aim of the study is provide an understanding into inherent problems of early exit of learners in the education sector, which impede the long-term production of professionals with bright future. The main findings of this study revealed that multiple motives, associated with individual characteristics of dropouts and social problems emanating from their family background and influence of the community, prompted learners to dropout. Moreover, learner dropout is inter alia caused by social factors such as lack of resources, the effect of poverty, orphans at school, the distance between the school and the community, drug abuse, pregnancy and HIV and AIDS prevalence in schools, gangsterism and learning barriers. The results of this research suggest that the government should make resources available with regard to scholar transport, school nurses to provide education awareness programmes in relation to early pregnancies, HIV and AIDS infection to improve attendance rate. The Department of Social Development should provide information with regard to benefits available to orphaned learners. The government should ensure sustainable provision of the school nutrition programme to alleviate hunger and poverty. School management should effectively regulate the behaviour of learners to promote discipline in schools so that substance abuse is eliminated.
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Berg, Martha K., Andréa L. Hobkirk, John A. Joska et Christina S. Meade. « The role of substance use coping in the relation between childhood sexual abuse and depression among methamphetamine users in South Africa. » Psychological Trauma : Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 9, no 4 (juillet 2017) : 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000207.

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Chatikobo, Nyasha. « An Evaluation of Detriments and Ramifications Associated with Substance Abuse among Out-of-school Youths of Rural Areas in South Africa ». Journal of Social Sciences 47, no 2 (mai 2016) : 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893553.

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Smallwood, John, et Claire Deacon. « Occupational Health (OH) Practices in South African Construction ». MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020) : 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031203003.

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Health hazards in construction include: ergonomic stresses such as bending, lifting and repetitive movement and vibration; environmental stresses such as heat, sun, noise, poor illumination, and wet or damp work; skin and respiratory exposure to chemicals and dust, as well as mental stress among managers, supervisors, and workers. In South Africa, these may add to the health problems experienced by construction workers because of poor community health, substance abuse, and inadequate health services. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among the professional category of construction health and safety (H&S) practitioners to determine OH issues in construction. Findings include: the extent to which OH aspects were identified by respondents on projects in 2017 indicates that construction entails exposure to a range of OH hazards and risk; the degree of OH knowledge and awareness is limited as opposed to extensive; the source of OH knowledge is informal; there is a need for OH to be embedded in tertiary built environment programmes, OH continuing professional development (CPD), and a construction industry OH standard, and OH practice notes.
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Malga, Pelonomi F., Boitumelo Marilyn Setlalentoa, Choja Oduaran et Nopasika Maforah. « Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS and Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Learners in South Africa ». Global Journal of Health Science 10, no 5 (1 mai 2018) : 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p197.

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HIV/AIDS is a global health concern and young people are more at risk of being infected. The explored factors that contribute to HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behaviour among learners aged 12-18 years in Vuyolwethu High School. The study focused on learners who were in Grade 10-12. This study employed a mixed method research. Quantitative phase was limited to learners while the qualitative phase focused on life-orientation teachers. The total study sample is 150, and the gender distribution is equally distributed at 50% for both males and females. The dominating age and grade among respondents is age 17-18 years and grade 11. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive analyses while thematic analysis is employed for analysis of qualitative data. Overall, about 51.3% of the respondents strongly agreed that engaging in sexual intercourse without protection is risky, and that unprotected sexual activity can lead to unwanted sexual encounters, unwanted teenage pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Similarly, substance abuse is found to be a key factor that influences risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, thus resulting to unwanted pregnancies and HIV/AIDS infection. The main conclusion drawn from the findings is that while adolescents seem to be knowledgeable on the factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour, this knowledge does not lead to attitude change. It is therefore recommended, based on the study’s findings, that there should be more focused training programmes directed not only at knowledge but also attitude and behaviour change.
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Palmer, Duncan, et Niel Krige. « Real age-adjusted life expectancy ». Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6, no 1 (30 avril 2013) : 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v6i1.281.

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This study summarises the development of a model to determine an individual’s adjusted life expectancy based on his Real Age. The model incorporates aspects such as gender, residing province, income, HIV status, ethnic background, weight, exercise, family illness history, stress, substance abuse and diet. Predicting life expectancy is vital in retirement planning for two reasons: 1) given the diverse nature of South Africa, the national average life expectancy cannot be applied to everyone; and 2) retirement duration forms a vital part in the retirement planning process. Retirees can make more informed financial investment decisions based on their Real Age, thus increasing the probability of having sufficient funds during retirement. Three representative examples of South African Real Age-adjusted life expectancies were simulated, predicting life expectancies of 67, 72 and 87 years, notably different from the 50 year average South African life expectancy.
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Peltzer, Karl, et Shandir Ramlagan. « Illicit drug use in South Africa : Findings from a 2008 national population-based survey ». South African Journal of Psychiatry 16, no 1 (1 mars 2010) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v16i1.230.

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<p><strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of this secondary analysis of the South African National HIV, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication (SABSSM) 2008 survey is to provide current data on illicit drug use that could assist in the development and implementation of effective substance abuse policies and intervention programmes aimed at these populations in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method.</strong> A multistage random population sample of 15 828 people age ≥15 (56.3% women) was included in the survey. Illicit drug use was assessed by 2 sections of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance use Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Frequency analyses for different age groups, geolocality, educational level, income, and population group were calculated, as were odds ratios for these variables regarding combined illicit drug use.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Current cannabis use was reported by 3.3% of the population sample – 6.1% of the men and 1.2% of the women – and the use of combined all-other illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opiates) was reported by 1.8% of the participants. Coloured men (14.3%) were most likely, and Indian or Asian women (0.6%) least likely, to be cannabis users. Illicit drug use (combined) among men was associated with the 20 - 34 year age group and the coloured and white population groups, and among women in the younger age groups, the coloured and white population groups, and low and higher income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> An increase of cannabis and other illicit drug prevalence rates was observed from 2005 (2.1%) to 2008 (3.3%) in the population sample. Multilevel interventions are required to target illicit drug users, in addition to creating awareness in the general population of the problems associated with illicit drug use. There is a need to address illicit drug use in national and provincial policy planning and intervention efforts and, in terms of treatment, a need to ensure that treatment practitioners are adequately trained to address illicit drug use. Future prospective studies are necessary to assess the impact of illicit drug use.</p>
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Burnhams, Nadine Harker, Bronwyn Myers, Nuraan Fakier, Charles Parry et Jermaine Carelse. « Establishing a computerized substance abuse surveillance system for district social workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa : Methods, successes and challenges ». Drugs : Education, Prevention and Policy 18, no 1 (7 septembre 2010) : 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687630903505519.

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Sommer, Jessica, Martina Hinsberger, Thomas Elbert, Leon Holtzhausen, Debra Kaminer, Soraya Seedat, Solomon Madikane et Roland Weierstall. « The interplay between trauma, substance abuse and appetitive aggression and its relation to criminal activity among high-risk males in South Africa ». Addictive Behaviors 64 (janvier 2017) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.008.

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Swendeman, Dallas, Jason Bantjes, Deborah Mindry, Jackie Stewart, Mark Tomlinson, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus et Melissa Medich. « The Experiences of Young Men, Their Families, and Their Coaches Following a Soccer and Vocational Training Intervention to Prevent HIV and Drug Abuse in South Africa ». AIDS Education and Prevention 31, no 3 (juin 2019) : 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2019.31.3.224.

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Young men in South Africa are at high-risk for HIV, substance abuse, and gender-based violence. This article presents qualitative results from a pilot study testing soccer leagues and vocational training to engage young-adult township men to deliver preventive interventions, including rapid HIV and alcohol/drug testing, shifting attitudes toward gender-based violence, and promoting other prosocial behaviors. Three groups participated in focus groups and in-depth interviews on experiences with the program: (1) a subset of 15 participants, (2) 15 family members, and (3) five intervention coaches. Results suggest that participants first reduced substance use on tournament days and then gradually reduced to practice days and beyond. Families suggested that “keeping young men occupied” and encouragement of prosocial behaviors was critical to risk reduction and led to increased community respect for the men. Coaches noted that behavioral and attitudinal changes were incremental and slow. The use of incentives was problematic and more research is needed to understand how incentives can be used in interventions of this nature.
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Mazibuko, Nokuthula, et Ikechukwu Umejesi. « Blame it on alcohol : ‘passing the buck’ on domestic violence and addiction ». Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 4, no 2 (25 juin 2015) : 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2015.1325.

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<p>Domestic violence against women is a serious health and safety problem facing women around the world. Scholars of domestic violence have identified demographic factors such as age, number of children, family structure, unemployment, substance abuse, stress factors within the family, male partner’s educational attainment and poverty, as closely associated with domestic violence. While these factors have gained scholarly recognition, there is a dominant narrative among victims of domestic violence that “alcohol is responsible” for abusive relationships in Mamelodi, a black township near Pretoria, South Africa. Using the empirical data from Mamelodi, this article probes the narratives of female victims of domestic violence. The paper uses qualitative data in its analysis.</p>
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Svinurai, A., et J. C. Makhubele. « SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND SEX WORK : PROTRACTING THE POTENTIAL OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS IN MUSINA, LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA ». Trames. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no 1 (2019) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/tr.2019.1.03.

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Myers, Bronwyn, Petal Petersen Williams, Rajen Govender, Ron Manderscheid et J. Randy Koch. « Substance abuse treatment engagement, completion and short-term outcomes in the Western Cape province, South Africa : Findings from the Service Quality Measures Initiative ». Drug and Alcohol Dependence 185 (avril 2018) : 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.033.

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Nieuwoudt, Pieter, et Jason Bantjes. « Health professionals talk about the challenges of suicide prevention in two correctional centres in South Africa ». South African Journal of Psychology 49, no 1 (9 février 2018) : 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246318758803.

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Suicide is the leading cause of death among offenders in correctional facilities in many parts of the world. While epidemiological data have described the extent and scope of the problem, no research has documented the experiences and insights of health professionals who are tasked with providing care to suicidal offenders in South African correctional centres. It is within this context that we set out to document the experiences of a group of health professionals working in two correctional facilities in South Africa. We were interested in learning from them about their perceptions of the factors that contribute to suicidal behaviour among offenders and their suggestions for suicide prevention. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of health professionals ( N = 10). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and an inductive approach was adopted for coding the data. The participants describe a number of structural and contextual factors which they believe make correctional centres in South Africa unsafe, thus increasing the risk of suicidal behaviour among offenders and hindering suicide prevention efforts within the two correctional centres where data were collected. These factors include high levels of psychopathology, trauma, substance abuse, violence, gangsterism, overcrowding, inadequate mental health care resources, and problems relating to stigma. These findings highlight human rights and mental health issues facing offenders and draw attention to conditions within correctional centres that need attention as part of any national suicide prevention strategy in South Africa.
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Van der Bijl, Pieter. « Substances of abuse - demand for their determinations in the Western Cape ». South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, no 1 (1 avril 2004) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i1.117.

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Background. Drug abuse is as relevant today as ever. Management of such cases on a primary health care level may be challenging, particularly when laboratory facilities are unavailable. Furthermore, substance abuse and its sequelae place a significant burden on the already overstretched primary health care resources in the country, as well as on other ser- vices and society in general.Objectives. The current study surveyed the trends in demand for laboratory determination of amphetamines, opiates, methaqualone, cannabis, cocaine and ethanol for the period 1991 - 2002, in the Western Cape. The survey was conducted by extracting the relevant data from the records of the Pharmacology/Toxicology Laboratory of the University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital. This facility processes the largest number of specimens by a single laboratory in the Western Cape.Results. From the data obtained a seasonal pattern emerged for all substances except ethanol, with a trough appearing in early winter. Demand for ethanol analysis was fairly constant throughout the year, with a peak in the last quarter. Ethanol level was the most frequently requested analysis between 1991 and 1997. This concurs with its status as the main substance of abuse in South Africa and the rest of the world. There was an increased demand for analysis of ampheta- mines, opiates, methaqualone, cannabis and cocaine between 1991 and 2002. Generally dominating, next to ethanol, were requests for cannabis and methaqualone analysis. Interesting to note was the increase in demand for opiate analysis, following the trend observed in certain other regions of the world.Conclusion. The analysis trends observed in this study demon- strate global patterns of drug abuse emerging in the Western Cape. The medical and social effects of drug abuse impose a grave responsibility on policymakers to ensure that adequate funding is available for analytical laboratories. Only in such a way can these patients be correctly diagnosed and treated.
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Mitrani, L., L. Dickson-Hall, S. Le Roux, J. Hill, M. Loveday, A. D. Grant, K. Kielmann et al. « Diverse clinical and social circumstances : developing patient-centred care for DR-TB patients in South Africa ». Public Health Action 11, no 3 (21 septembre 2021) : 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0083.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the medical, socio-economic and geographical profiles of patients with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and the implications for the provision of patient-centred care.SETTING: Thirteen districts across three South African provinces.DESIGN: This descriptive study examined laboratory and healthcare facility records of 194 patients diagnosed with RR-TB in the third quarter of 2016.RESULTS: The median age was 35 years; 120/194 (62%) of patients were male. Previous TB treatment was documented in 122/194 (63%) patients and 56/194 (29%) had a record of fluoroquinolone and/or second-line injectable resistance. Of 134 (69%) HIV-positive patients, viral loads were available for 68/134 (51%) (36/68 [53%] had viral loads of >1000 copies/ml) and CD4 counts were available for 92/134 (69%) (20/92 [22%] had CD4 <50 cells/mm3). Patients presented with varying other comorbidities, including hypertension (13/194, 7%) and mental health conditions (11/194, 6%). Of 194 patients, 44 (23%) were reported to be employed. Other socio-economic challenges included substance abuse (17/194, 9%) and ill family members (17/194, 9%). Respectively 13% and 42% of patients were estimated to travel more than 20 km to reach their diagnosing and treatment-initiating healthcare facility.CONCLUSIONS: RR-TB patients had diverse medical and social challenges highlighting the need for integrated, differentiated and patient-centred healthcare to better address specific needs and underlying vulnerabilities of individual patients.
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Mall, S. « Does Substance Abuse Mediate or Moderate the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and the Experience of Persecutory Delusions in People with Schizophrenia in South Africa ? » European Psychiatry 41, S1 (avril 2017) : s246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.026.

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BackgroundPersecutory delusions, a key symptom of schizophrenia, may be associated with the experience of early childhood trauma as well as with cannabis dependence. Little research has, however, addressed these associations in people with schizophrenia on the African continent. We examined if persecutory delusions were significantly associated with childhood trauma in people with schizophrenia from South Africa, and we investigated whether cannabis dependence mediates or moderates this association.MethodsSeven hundred and twenty-eight people with schizophrenia completed several scales including the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) which captures several domains of childhood trauma. Logistic regression and structural equation modelling methods were employed to examine the relationship between persecutory delusions and specific experiences of childhood trauma, and to determine if cannabis dependence is mediating or moderating this relationship.ResultsPreliminary results suggest that of the various childhood traumas, the strongest predictor of the presence of persecutory delusions was emotional abuse [OR: 1.02 (0.94–1.08)]. There was no evidence of mediation by cannabis dependence. However, all experiences of childhood trauma, measured by the CTQ (with the exception of physical neglect) interacted with cannabis dependence to increase the risk of the onset of persecutory delusions (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese results are consistent with previous data in demonstrating that both childhood trauma and cannabis dependence are associated with persecutory delusions in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that it is important to examine the role of early childhood trauma as well as substance use in predicting the onset of psychosis to inform treatment strategies.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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