Thèses sur le sujet « Subtipo H1N1 del virus de la influenza A »
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Miranda-Choque, Edwin, Carlos Ramírez, Jorge Candela-Herrera, Javier Díaz, Ana Fernández, Lenka Kolevic, Eddy R. Segura et Sonia Farfán-Ramos. « Niños hospitalizados con neumonía por influenza AH1N11/2009 pandémico en un hospital de referencia de Perú ». Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/314691.
Texte intégralObjectiveTo determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of pneumonia with influenza virus AH1N1/2009 pandemic at the National Institute of Child. Methods. Retrospective case series in children hospitalized for influenza pneumonia pandemic AH1N1/2009 in a pediatric hospital. Reviewed the medical records between the months of June to September 2009. All cases had virological confirmation, we describe the clinical characteristics and conditions of severity. Results. A total of 74 children of pneumonia with influenza virus AH1N1/2009 pandemic (NVIp), of those 50 were community acquire pneumonia viral (NACv) and 24 pneumonia nosocomial viral (NNv), 16 required mechanical ventilation. 12 died, all had preexisting factors. NN cases showed statistical association with mortality. The most frequent factors were malnutrition, respiratory infections, congenital heart disease and neurological deficits In NACv cases the children under 6 years accounted for 72% (36/50). The median disease duration was 5 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough, runny nose. Received oseltamivir 82%. The chest radiograph 48% of cases showed patchy infiltrates and 44% interstitial infiltrate on chest radiograph. Protein c reactive (CRP) more than 10mg / L was significantly associated with respiratory failure (p <0.05). Conclusions. Cases of NN found who had more mortality, even those who had the highest PCR and those with preexisting condition.
Valdivia-Tapia, María del Carmen, et Nilton Yhuri Carreazo. « Encefalopatía no fatal por influenza AH1N1 en paciente pediátrico ». Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620660.
Texte intégralRodríguez, Montoya Ronald Milton. « Variables respiratorias asociadas a mortalidad del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo por influenza A (H1N1) : Hospital Alberto Sabogal, Callao - Perú ». Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4209.
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Siqueira, Giselle Angélica Moreira de. « EPIDEMIA DA INFLUENZA A (H1N1) 2009 NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS/BRASIL : CASOS E ÓBITOS ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/4075.
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SIQUEIRA, Giselle Angelica Moreira de. Epidemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the state of Goiás/Brazil: cases and deaths. Dissertation (MSc in Environmental Sciences) – Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, 2013. Between late March and early April 2009, were the first reported cases of human infection caused by a new viral subtype Influenza A (H1N1) in Southern California and near San Antonio, Texas, USA, and then in Mexico and Canada. Until July 6, 2009, 905 cases were confirmed by the Ministry of Health, with reports of 23 states and the Federal District. This study described the profile of confirmed cases and deaths affected by Influenza A ( H1N1 ) in 2009 in the state of Goias and Brazil through a descriptive ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths affected by Influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 in the State of Goias and Brazil between epidemiological weeks 16 th to 52 th, variables of research Influenza record, feeding SINAN Influenza Web were selected such as epidemiological week, age, gender, education, signs and symptoms, comorbidities, vaccination status, hospitalizations and evolution. Among the total number of cases reported during the epidemic , more than 45% were confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) in Goiás and in Brazil , with 14.9% and 3.9% subsequently died respectively. Females were predominant, those over 6 % were pregnant. The age range was found between 15 and 45 years, with the primary and secondary school levels observed schooling. Among the signs and symptoms , more than 95% of cases and deaths had fever, cough and dyspnoea, less than 30% had comorbid conditions, the occurrence of hospitalizations of cases was 96% and 45% in Goiás in Brazil, while hospitalization those who subsequently died was above 96%, less than 14% of cases and deaths have taken the vaccine against influenza (H1N1). It was concluded that it was possible to know the profile of cases and deaths from socio demographic and clinical characteristics during the epidemic period Influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Goias and Brazil, many lessons were learned that will assist in the consolidation of plans to tackle the unusual situations of epidemic and pandemic character and guide the development of public policies that will strengthen the surveillance system of disease, health care, implementation of laboratory diagnosis, mass vaccination and personal protection and respiratory hygiene network.
SIQUEIRA, Giselle Angélica Moreira de. Epidemia da Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 no estado de Goiás/Brasil: casos e óbitos. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013. Entre o final de março e começo de abril de 2009, foram notificados os primeiros casos de infecção humana causada por um novo subtipo viral Influenza A (H1N1), no sul da Califórnia e próximo de San Antonio, no Texas, Estados Unidos, e, em seguida, no México e Canadá. Até o dia 06 de julho de 2009, 905 casos foram confirmados pelo Ministério da Saúde, com notificações de 23 estados e do Distrito Federal. Neste estudo foi descrito o perfil dos casos confirmados e óbitos acometidos por Influenza A (H1N1) em 2009 no Estado de Goiás e Brasil por meio de um estudo ecológico descritivo dos casos confirmados e óbitos acometidos pelo vírus Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 no Estado de Goiás e Brasil entre as semanas epidemiológicas 16ª a 52ª, foram selecionadas variáveis da ficha de investigação de Influenza, que alimenta o SINAN Influenza Web tais como semana epidemiológica, faixa etária, gênero, escolaridade, sinais e sintomas, comorbidades, situação vacinal, hospitalizações e evolução. Dentre o total de casos notificados durante a epidemia, mais de 45% foram confirmados por Influenza A (H1N1) em Goiás e no Brasil, sendo que 14,9% e 3,9% evoluíram para o óbito respectivamente. O gênero feminino foi predominante, destas mais de 6% eram gestantes. A faixa etária encontrada foi entre 15 a 45 anos, sendo o ensino médio e fundamental os níveis de escolaridade constatados. Dentre os sinais e sintomas, mais de 95% dos casos e óbitos apresentaram febre, tosse e dispneia, menos de 30% apresentaram comorbidades, a ocorrência de hospitalizações dos casos foi de 96 % em Goiás e 45% no Brasil, enquanto que a hospitalização dos que evoluíram para o óbito foi acima de 96%, menos de 14% dos casos e óbitos tomaram a vacina contra a Influenza (H1N1). Concluiu-se que foi possível conhecer o perfil de casos e óbitos a partir das características sócio demográficas e clínicas durante o período epidêmico da Influenza (H1N1) 2009 em Goiás e no Brasil, foram aprendidas muitas lições que auxiliarão na consolidação de planos de enfrentamento a situações inusitadas de caráter epidêmico e pandêmico e norteará a construção de políticas públicas que fortalecerá o sistema de vigilância da doença, da rede de atenção à saúde, implementação de diagnóstico laboratorial, vacinação massiva e medidas de proteção individual e higiene respiratória.
Scarpa, Fernanda Cristina. « Epidemiologia do vírus influenza A (H1N1) em crianças internadas no serviço de pediatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre no ano de 2009 ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/39656.
Texte intégralIntroduction: A new Influenza virus stem, H1N1, determined a pandemic in 2009 with great global repercussions. This virus infected mainly young adults and children under two years of age with marked increase in morbimortality when compared with annual rates. Objective: To analyze epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the infection by influenza A (H1N1) virus in children, in order to improve knowledge to a better approach in future pandemics. Methods: Cross section study with review of patient records for all children, between zero and 16 years, hospitalized with flu-like disease at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) in 2009. Identification of H1N1 virus was done through PCR technique on reference laboratory. Results: One hundred ninety-one children were hospitalized with suspected H1N1 infection. Of these, 83 (43%) patients were tested for the H1N1 virus, 28 (34%) being positive and 55 (66%) negative. H1N1 patients were older, 27 (7-108) versus seven months old (3-32) (p=0,015), all had fever versus 70% of the other group (p=0,015), they arrived at the hospital with lower oxygen hemoglobin saturation, 80% (±20%) versus 95% (±4%) (p<0,001) and when placed in mechanical ventilation they needed greater end expiratory pressures, ten (±3) to five (±1) cm H2O (p=0,001) and inspired oxygen fraction, one (0,65-1) versus 0,4 (0,4-1) (p= 0,053) . There was no difference in terms of need for hospitalization in intensive care unit, need of ventilatory support or death. Conclusion: Children infected by H1N1 were more severely ill at arrival to the hospital, although they had similar outcomes to non-infected patients.
Guissa, Vanessa Ramos. « Imugenicidade e segurança da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 em pacientes com dermatomiosite juvenil ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-03122013-113148/.
Texte intégralObjectives: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients compared to age-matched controls and the possible association of seroconversion rates whith demographic, muscle enzymes, JDM scores, lymphopenia and treatment in JDM patients routinely followed at two Pediatric Rheumatology Units. Methods: Thirty JDM patients between 9 and 21 years old and 81 healthy age-matched controls were vaccinated with non-adjuvanted influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine. All participants were evaluated pre- and 21 days postvaccination. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates, geometric mean titres (GMT) and factor increase (FI) in GMT were assessed. Adverse events, as well as muscle enzymes, JDM scores, lymphopenia and current treatment in JDM were also evaluated. Results: JDM patients and healthy controls had similar median of current age [15.5 (9-21) vs. 15 (9-21) years, p=0.511] and frequencies of female gender (63% vs. 51%, p=0.286). The median disease duration of JDM was 5.5 (2-17) years. After immunization, seroconversion rate was significantly lower in JDM patients compared to age-matched controls (86.7 vs. 97.5%, p=0.044), whereas seroprotection (p=0.121), GMT (p=0.992) and FI in GMT (p=0.827) were similar in both groups. Clinical and laboratorial evaluations revealed that JDM scores and muscle enzymes remained stable throughout the study (p > 0.05). A higher frequency of chronic course was observed in non-seroconvert compared to seroconverted (100% vs. 27%, p=0.012). Regarding treatment, a lower rate of seroconversion was observed in patients treated with methotrexate (100% vs. 38%, p=0.036) and in those with a combination of prednisone, methotrexate and cyclosporine (50% vs. 4%, p=0.039). Local and systemic adverse events were mild and similar in JDM patients and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This was the first study that evaluated the influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in JDM, identified that chronic course and immunosuppressive therapy were factors hampering immune response in patients. A single dose of non-adjuvanted influenza A/H1N1 2009 vaccine was seroprotective in assessed patients with no evident deleterious effect in disease itself
Dias, Ronaldo Ferreira. « Ensaio molecular para vigilância epidemiológica de gripe com ênfase no diagnóstico de Influenza A H1N1 ». Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6074.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O uso de métodos moleculares tem sido apontado como uma das principais ferramentas para o diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas. Dentre as técnicas disponíveis, a PCR em tempo real tem sido uma das mais amplamente utilizadas. A partir dos achados das inúmeras pesquisas desenvolvidas em virtude da epidemia de Influenza A H1N1 em 2009, tal metodologia foi preconizada pelo CDC como sendo a mais eficiente para a confirmação desta patologia na população. A rápida disseminação da epidemia de 2009, em território Brasileiro, evidenciou a necessidade de adoção de uma alternativa de teste em âmbito nacional, cujos custos fossem mais compatíveis com os recursos de que dispõe o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esta dissertação buscou estabelecer um protótipo de produto para a Vigilância epidemiológica de Influenza A H1N1 a partir de uma plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real, visando contribuir para o estabelecimento de uma rede de vigilância epidemiológica baseada em ensaios moleculares, com a definição de uma matriz de extração semiautomatizada e um equipamento para a realização de PCR em Tempo Real. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio da comparação de matrizes de extração e de equipamentos de PCR em tempo real dos principais fornecedores internacionais. A empresa que obteve a melhor avaliação segundo os critérios descritos foi a Biotools®, por ter apresentado uma proposta competitiva quanto aos custos das plataformas e insumos necessários, além de um atraente pacote de transferência de tecnologia. Após a definição dos equipamentos e insumos, foi iniciada a aferição de um protótipo de modelo nacionalizado de diagnóstico. Em paralelo, buscou-se ainda a melhoria do desempenho do modelo brasileiro, com a avaliação de diferentes composições da mistura de reação, tendo sido também testadas regiões genômicas diferentes daquelas do padrão de referência para o diagnóstico, além da possibilidade do uso de sondas purificadas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a extração semiautomatizada e aquela realizada pelo método manual apresentam um padrão semelhante de eficiência. Também foi comprovada a capacidade de extração do equipamento, inclusive em diluições de amostra pura até uma concentração de 1024 vezes, além da eficiência da purificação de sondas pela técnica de HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography). Ficou evidenciada a equivalência da reação de PCR em tempo real desenvolvida pelo consórcio IBMP/Bio-Manguinhos quando comparada à reação de PCR em tempo real desenvolvida pelo CDC-EUA, considerado padrão de referência para o diagnóstico molecular de influenza A H1N1. Concomitantemente, o modelo de equipamentos da Biotools(Labturbo/Liongene) oferece, como vantagens, a possibilidade de eliminar a etapa manual de extração indicada pelo protocolo do CDC, e de agregar ao processo a realização de uma extração semiautomatizada, o que facilita a execução do protocolo e amplia o quantitativo de amostras que podem ser examinadas a cada ciclo de trabalho.
Nowadays, molecular tools appear as the main alternatives for diagnosis of infectious diseases. Among the available techniques, Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) has been widely used, coupled to extraction matrices. In view of the findings obtained from several researches conducted due to the Influenza A H1N1 epidemic, this technique is considered by the CDC as the most efficient method to confirm this pathology in an affected population. The rapid expansion of the 2009 epidemic in Brazil evidenced the need of a nationalized alternative diagnostic option, without requiring materials from international (foreign) suppliers, and that could be costeffective to Brazilian National Health System (SUS). The present work aimed at the establishment of a product prototype that could meet such requirements. The choice of an instrument setting based on the Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) platform contributes to an epidemiological surveillance network of molecular assays, and enhances Bio- Manguinhos participation in this field.Other factors that were taken into account concern the economic viability of such instruments, as well as the respective installation and validation protocols and clearance by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). According to the aforesaid criteria, the best ranked supplier was BioTools Company, which presented a competitive proposal for cost of platform and consumables, as well as an attractive technology transfer proposal. Different formulations of the reaction mixture were evaluated in order to improve the test performance. It was found that the Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) assay developed by the IBMP/Bio-Manguinhos consortium presented a better efficacy than that of the CDC-USA, which is the reference standard for Influenza A H1N1 molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, BioTools instruments, which were chosen for the tests, have the advantage of eliminating the manual extraction step in the CDC protocol and include a semi-automated extraction, which facilitates the performance and increases the amount of samples processed (throughput of samples).
Ribeiro, Ana Cristina de Medeiros. « Soroproteção reduzida após a vacinação sem adjuvante contra influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 em pacientes com artrite reumatoide ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-09082013-134250/.
Texte intégralBackground: Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccination yielded seroprotection in more than 85% of healthy individuals. However, similar data are scarce in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and the short-term safety of anti- pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in RA patients, and the influence of disease activity and medication to the response. Methods: Three hundred and forty adult RA patients in regular follow-up and treatment, and 234 healthy controls were assessed before and 21 days after adjuvant-free influenza A/California/7/2009 vaccine. Disease activity (DAS28), current treatment and anti-pandemic influenza A/H1N1 antibody titres were also evaluated. Seroprotection (antibody titre >=1:40) and seroconversion (the percentage of patients with a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre, if prevaccination titre was 1:10 or greater, or a postvaccination titre of 1:40 or greater, if prevaccination titre was less than 1:10) rates, geometric mean titres (GMT) and factor increase in geometric mean titre (FI-GMT) were calculated and adverse events registered. Results: RA patients and controls showed similar (p>0.05) prevaccination seroprotection (10.8% vs. 11.5%) and GMT (8.0 vs. 9.3). After vaccination a significant reduction (p<0.001) was observed in all endpoints in RA patients versus controls: seroprotection (60.0 vs. 82.9%; p<0.0001) and seroconversion (53.2% vs. 76.9%) rates, GMT (57.5 vs. 122.9) and FI-GMT (7.2 vs. 13.2). Disease activity did not preclude seroprotection or seroconversion and remained unchanged in 97.4% of patients. Methotrexate and abatacept were associated with reduced responses. Vaccination was well tolerated with minimal adverse events. Conclusions: The data confirmed both short-term anti-pandemic A/H1N1 vaccine safety and, different from most studies with seasonal influenza, reduced seroprotection in RA patients, unrelated to disease activity and to most medications (except methotrexate and abatacept). Extrapolation of xii immune responses from one vaccine to another may therefore not be possible and specific immunization strategies (possibly booster) may be needed
Hisano, Danielle Martins de Medeiros. « Imunização contra influenza pandêmica em síndrome antifosfolípide primária : gatilho para trombose e produção de autoanticorpos ? » Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-20042016-163848/.
Texte intégralChronic rheumatic disease patients exhibit an increased risk for infections. Therefore, vaccination is imperative. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and thrombosis triggering after infections and vaccination in this population were reported, except for primary antiphospholipd syndrome (PAPS). Study\'s main objective was short and long-term evaluation of a panel of antiphospholipid autoantibodies following pandemic influenza A/H1N1 non-adjuvant vaccine in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients and healthy controls. Forty-five PAPS and 33 healthy controls were immunized with A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. They were prospectively assessed at pre-vaccination, 3 weeks and 6 months after vaccination. aPL autoantibodies were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and included IgG/IgM: anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta2GPI; anti-annexin V, anti-phosphatidyl serine and antiprothrombin antibodies. Anti-Sm was determined by ELISA and anti-dsDNA by indirect immunfluorescence. Arterial and venous thrombosis were also clinically assessed. Pre-vaccination frequency of at least one aPL antibody was significantly higher in PAPS patients versus controls (58% vs. 24%, p=0.0052). The overall frequencies of aPL antibody at pre-vaccination, 3 weeks and 6 months after immunization remained unchanged in patients (p=0.89) and controls (p=0.83). The frequency of each antibody specificity for patients and controls remained stable in the three evaluated period (p > 0.05). The frequency of each antibody kept invariable in PAPS patients under chloroquine treatment (p > 0.05). At 3 weeks, 2 PAPS patients developed a new but transient aPL antibody (aCL IgG and IgM), whereas at 6 months new aPL antibodies were observed in 6 PAPS patients and none had high titer. Anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were uniformly negative and no new arterial or venous thrombosis were observed throughout the study. This was the first study to demonstrate that pandemic influenza vaccine in PAPS patients does not trigger short and long-term thrombosis or a significant production of aPL related antibodies. (ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT01151644)
Aikawa, Nádia Emi. « Imunogenicidade e segurança da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-14122012-110037/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: The influenza H1N1 pandemic in June 2009 resulted in high hospitalization rates among immunocompromised patients, including patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Although vaccination is an effective tool against pandemic flu complications, there are no studies in the literature on its effects in JIA. Objectives: To assess the immune response against the influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine without adjuvant in JIA as an extension of previous observation of its immunogenicity and safety in a large population of patients with juvenile rheumatic diseases. Moreover to assess the possible influence of demographic data, subtypes of JIA, disease activity and treatment on the immunogenicity and the potential deleterious effect of vaccine on disease itself, particularly on the number of active joints and inflammatory markers. Methods: 95 JIA patients and 91 healthy controls were evaluated before and 21 days after vaccination against influenza A and serology for anti-H1N1 was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The overall assessment of arthritis activity by a visual analogue scale (VAS) by patient and physician, the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), the number of active joints, the acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP) and treatment were evaluated before and after vaccination. Adverse events were also reported. Results: JIA patients and controls were comparable regarding mean current age (14.9 ± 3.2 vs. 14.6 ± 3.7 years, p=0.182). After vaccination seroconversion rate was significantly lower in JIA patients compared to controls (83.2% vs. 95.6%, p=0.008), particularly in polyarticular subtype (80% vs. 95.6%, p=0.0098). JIA subtypes, number of active joints, acute phase reactants, patient and the physician VAS, CHAQ and frequency of use of DMARDs/Immunosuppressants were similar between patients with and without seroconversion (p>0.05). Regarding vaccine safety, no deterioration was observed in the number of active joints and the acute phase reactants during the study period. Conclusion: Influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccination in JIA induces a lower but effective antibody response, probably independent of disease parameters and treatment with an adequate disease safety profile.
Lobo, Renata Desordi. « Fatores de risco para aquisição de influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 entre os profissionais de saúde ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-11082015-155615/.
Texte intégralINTRODUCTION: In June 2009 the World Health Organization declared influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 pnademic. This new virus had great impact on global health and accounted for 90% of cases of influenza in the world. It affected young people and caused thousands of deaths. The Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo was a reference for the treatment of severe cases. Because it was a new virus there were controversies regarding the precautions and HCW sick leave policies. OBJECTIVE: General-To evaluate risk factors for acquisition of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 among health care workers (HCW). Specific: To compare clinical and exposure characteristics of cases of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 with other respiratory symptomatic infections among HCW. METHODS: Case-control study with three groups: symptomatic H1N1-positive cases, symptomatic H1N1-negative cases and asymptomatic controls. RESULTS: 274 HCW were evaluated: 52 symptomatic H1N1-positive cases, 120 symptomatic H1N1-negative cases and 102 asymptomatic controls. In the multivariate analysis that compared H1N1- symptomatic H1N1-positive cases with asymptomatic controls, comorbidities/risk factors (OR=16.31; 95% CI 4.08-65.07) and unprotected contact during caring for a confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in another hospital (OR=12.77, 95% CI; 1.35- 121.52) were independent risk factors for pandemic influenza infection among HCW. Social contact or contact with co-worker with confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (OR=0.11; 95% CI, 0.04- 0.28) and use of public transportation (OR= 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07- 0.50) were protective. Comparing symptomatics groups, unprotected contact during caring for a confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in another hospital, to be a medical doctor, contact for or a confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 at home, reside with child from 5 to 12 years, fever and conjunctivitis were more common among symptomatic H1N1-positive cases and coryza and sore throat were more frequent symptomatic H1N1-negative cases. Four hospitalizations and one death occurred among symptomatic H1N1-positive cases and one hospitalization and no deaths in symptomatic H1N1-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity/risk factors and unprotected contact during caring for confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in another hospital were considered risk factors for acquisition of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. Use of public transportation and social contact or contact with co-worker with confirmed or suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were protective factors. To live with child from 5 to 12 years, hospitalization and death and the symptoms of fever and conjunctivitis were more frequent among symptomatic H1N1-positive cases. Sore throat and coryza more frequent among patients with symptomatic H1N1-negative cases
Pfitscher, Lúcia Chaves 1981. « Morbidade materna grave por infecção e influenza H1N1 na Rede Brasileira de Vigilância de Morbidade Materna Grave = Severe maternal morbidity due to infection in the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity ». [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311042.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A infecção representa importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade materna, sendo uma preocupação crescente no mundo todo. As doenças respiratórias, especialmente as virais, têm se destacado justamente pelo potencial de epidemia com que ameaçam a saúde da população mundial e pela vulnerabilidade identificada durante a gestação. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da morbidade materna grave (MMG) atribuível à infecção (sepse, meningite e doença respiratória) e os fatores associados ao pior resultado materno (near miss e óbito), entre mulheres da Rede Brasileira de Vigilância da Morbidade Materna Grave. Métodos: análise secundária de um estudo transversal, multicêntrico, que incluiu 27 centros de referência obstétrica das cinco regiões do Brasil no período de 2009 e 2010. A vigilância prospectiva dos casos de infecção grave foi realizada utilizando os critérios da OMS de condições potencialmente ameaçadoras da vida (CPAV) e near miss materno (NMM). Os principais focos de infecção foram identificados e comparados a outras causas de MMG. Mulheres com complicação devido à doença respiratória também foram avaliadas em dois grupos: com e sem suspeita de A(H1N1)pdm09 e também comparadas a outras causas de MMG. Casos com suspeita de A(H1N1)pdm09 foram revisados e separados em três grupos: não-testados, confirmados e não confirmados para A(H1N1)pdm09 e os seus resultados foram comparados. Complicações devidas à infecção e a doenças respiratórias foram comparadas com complicações devidas a outras causas de MMG. Os fatores associados com desfecho materno grave (DMG) foram avaliados para os casos de infecção e doença respiratória. Resultados: Dentre os 9555 casos de MMG, apenas 502 (5,3%) apresentaram infecção grave, entretanto foram responsáveis por cerca de um quarto dos casos de NMM e quase metade dos casos de morte materna (MM). Os indicadores de saúde avaliados demonstram maior gravidade dos casos complicados por infecção, com índice de mortalidade (IM) superior a 26% em comparação com 11% para as demais causas de MMG. Para doença respiratória, 206 mulheres apresentaram suspeita de A(H1N1)pdm09, cerca de 60% foram testados para a doença e 49 mulheres apresentaram resultado positivo. A gravidade dos desfechos maternos foi pior entre os casos de A(H1N1)pdm09 positivo, com uma taxa de NMM:MM abaixo de 1 (0,9:1), em comparação a 12:1 para outras causas de MMG. O IM para doença respiratória foi superior a 50% (7,4% outras causas de MMG). Demoras no atendimento foram associadas com pior prognóstico materno e estiveram presentes em mais de 50% entre os casos de infecção, aumentando em duas vezes o risco de DMG para doença respiratória. Resultados perinatais foram piores dentre os casos de doença respiratória, com aumento da prematuridade, morte fetal, baixo peso ao nascer e Apgar <7. HIV/AIDS, histerectomia, hospitalização prolongada, admissão em UTI e demoras no atendimento foram alguns fatores independentes associados DMG. Conclusão: complicações por infecção e em especial por influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 geram grande impacto sobre morbidade e mortalidade materna no Brasil e compreender os fatores associados à maior gravidade pode gerar medidas capazes de colaborar para a melhoria do cuidado obstétrico. Investir em intervenções específicas para gravidez, visando diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno são essenciais para melhorar a saúde materna e reduzir o número de mortes maternas evitáveis no país
Abstract: Background: Infection represents the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and a growing concern worldwide. Respiratory diseases, especially viral, have stood out because of their epidemic potential and the identified vulnerability towards infection during pregnancy. Objective: To assess the impact of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) due to infection (sepsis, meningitis and respiratory disease) and the factors associated with worse maternal outcome (near miss and death) among women of the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity. Methods: secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, multicenter study that included 27 obstetric referral centers in five regions of Brazil between 2009 and 2010. Prospective surveillance of severe infection was performed using WHO criteria of potentially life threatening conditions (PLTC) and maternal near miss (MNM). The main sources of infection were identified and compared to other causes of SMM. Women with complications due to respiratory disease were also assessed in two groups: with and without suspected A(H1N1)pdm09 and also compared to other causes of SMM. Cases of suspected A(H1N1)pdm09 were reviewed and divided into three groups: non-tested, confirmed and unconfirmed for A(H1N1)pdm09 and their results were compared. Complications due to infection and respiratory disease were compared with complications due to other causes of SMM. Factors associated with SMO were assessed for cases of infection and respiratory disease. Results: Among the 9555 cases of SMM, only 502 (5.3%) had severe infection, however they were responsible for about a quarter of cases of MNM and almost half of the cases of maternal mortality (MM). The assessed health indicators demonstrate greater severity of cases complicated by infection, with a mortality index (MI) above 26% compared to 11% for other causes of SMM. For respiratory disease, 206 women had suspected A(H1N1)pdm09, about 60% were tested for the disease and 49 women were positive. The severity of the maternal outcomes was worse between the cases of A(H1N1)pdm09 positive, with a rate of MNM: MM below 1 (0.9: 1), compared to 12: 1 for other SMM causes. The MI among respiratory disease was superior to 50% (7.4% other causes SMM). Delays in care were associated with worse maternal prognosis and were present in over 50% of cases of infection. Perinatal results were worse in cases of respiratory disease, with increased prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight and Apgar <7. HIV/AIDS, hysterectomy, prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission and delays in care were independent factors associated with severe maternal outcome. Conclusion: infections and especially those caused by A(H1N1)pdm09 presented great impact on maternal morbidity and mortality in Brazil and the identification of factors associated with the increased severity can contribute to the improvement of obstetric care. There is need for specific interventions during pregnancy, seeking early diagnosis and timely treatment of infections, which are essential for improving maternal health and to reducing the number of preventable maternal deaths in the country
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
Neto, Rodrigo Antonio Brandão. « Pneumonia domiciliar associada a infecção pelo vírus p-H1N1 2009 em hospital terciário : frequência, características clínico-laboratoriais e aplicação de escores para predizer diagnóstico e prognóstico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5167/tde-18012013-114021/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: As of September 13, 2009, the WHO had reported over 296.471 laboratory-confirmed cases of p-H1N1 2009. However many questions remain unanswered, including the role of clinical prediction rules and community-acquired pneumonia severity scores. We describe clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients hospitalized for pneumonia at our tertiary hospital with laboratory-confirmed and laboratory-excluded H1N1 infection. Objectives: Verify the incidence and clinical characteristics of community-acquired-pneumonia associated with p-H1N1 2009 infection compared with community-acquired pneumonia without p-H1N1 infection and the applicability of clinical prediction rules and pneumonia severity scores. Methods: We prospectively reviewed medical chart in daily basis to collect data on that patients. H1N1 infection was confirmed in specimens using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The data collected included clinical and laboratorial variables and three pneumonia severity scores: Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65 and the SMART-COP rule. Results: From 12 of July through August 17, 2009, a total of 118 cases of pneumonia were hospitalized, and RT-PCR was performed in 105, indentifying p-H1N1 infection in 53 patients. Compared with the 52 patients without p-H1N1 infection , the p-H1N1 group presented significantly more often with rhinorrhoea (OR 6,09 IC 95 1,72-21,52) and bilateral infiltrates ( OR 11,08 IC 95 3,48-35,2), a clinical model based on our results and using bilateral infiltrates, fever, rhinorrhoea and age less than 65 years was capable of predict p-H1N1 infection with 90,6% sensitivity, 82% accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.82. We also find that in the patients with pneumonia and p-H1N1 infection, only 9.52% of those with SMART-COP score of 0-2 presented ICU admission/in-hospital mortality, compared with 36.84% of those with PSI score of 1-2 and 51% of those with CURB-65 score of 0-1. The prognosis of pneumonia was similar in the patients with and without p-H1N1 2009 infection. Conclusions: Pneumonia associated with p-H1N1 2009 has different clinical presentation than in pneumonia patients without p-H1N1 infection, but the prognosis is similar. Traditional pneumonia severity scores like PSI and CURB-65 performed poorly in patients with p-H1N1 infection and the SMART-COP rule was the best predictor of ICU admission in pneumonia patients with p-H1N1 infection.
Buttignol, Monique. « Imunopatologia da lesão pulmonar causada pela infecção do H1N1 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-04112016-123216/.
Texte intégralRationale: The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in 2009 and spread globally. This virus infection can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in some patients. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), which is the histological surrogate for ARDS, has a multifactorial etiology. Therefore, it is possible that the immunopathology differs among the various presentations of DAD. Objectives: To compare the lung immunopathology of viral (influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) to non-viral, extrapulmonary etiologies in autopsy cases with DAD. Methods: The lung tissue of 44 patients, was divided into 3 groups: the H1N1 group (n=15) characterized by DAD due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection; the ARDS group (n=13), characterized by patients with exudative DAD due to non-pulmonary causes; and the control group (n=16), consisting of patients with non-pulmonary causes of death. Measurements and main results: Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to quantify, in the lung parenchyma and small airways, several immune cell markers. There was higher expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD83+ dendritic cells, granzyme A+ and natural killer+ cell density in the lung parenchyma of the H1N1 group (p < 0,05). In the small airways, there was a lower cell density of tryptase+ mast cells and dendritic+ cells and an increase of IL-17 in both DAD groups, with an increased number of granzyme A in H1N1 group (p < 0,05). Conclusion: DAD due to viral A(H1N1)pdm09 is associated with a cytotoxic inflammatory phenotype that is different from non-viral causes of DAD, with partially divergent responses in the parenchyma relative to the small airways.
Marinho, Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli. « Avaliação da resposta clínica e humoral dos pacientes portadores de ICV submetidos à vacinação com antígenos protéicos e polissacarídicos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-20052013-163006/.
Texte intégralRecent studies have shown satisfactory in vitro results in patients with CVID who received immunization against tetanus, influenza and meningococcus. However, there are only a few studies that evaluate the clinical and laboratory response after exposure to specific antigens in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical response to immunization with protein and polysaccharide antigens (influenza, H1N1 and pneumococcus) in CVID patients followed at the Primary Immunodeficiency outpatient clinic of the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP. CVID patients were diagnosed according the WHO/PAGID/ ESID criteria. Thirty-seven patients were immunized against influenza (H2N3), H1N1 and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine while another group with 16 CVID patients were not vaccinated. Clinical evaluation was performed through a score with assessment of the following parameters: pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infections (URI), tonsillitis, diarrhea, bronchiectasis, hospitalizations, use of antibiotic therapy, and use of prophylactic antibiotics, sepsis and meningitis. The score was applied during the 12 months prior to immunization and one year after the administration of vaccines. The same score was applied to the group of CVID patients who weren´t immunized. Determination of IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotypes was made by ELISA. H1N1-specific IgG was detected by indirect hemagglutination while the determination of influenzaspecific IgG was performed by ELISA, using the RIDASCREEN ® Influenza kit. The group of patients who were vaccinated included 37 patients (51% women), aged 20 to 78 years (mean 33 years). This group presented a median delay in the diagnosis of 7 years. The control group consisted of 16 patients (37.5% females) who were not immunized. Their median age was 41 years and the median delay in the diagnosis was 8 years. URI followed by pneumonia and sinusitis were the most frequent infections in women (80%, 78% and 55% respectively). However in men, URI followed by sinusitis and pneumonia were the most frequent (78%, 65% and 35% respectively). We observed a significant reduction in the score of URI, sinusitis and pneumonias in the year post administration of the vaccines (p <0.001). Conversely, there was no difference in the infections pre and post supposed vaccination scores in the group of CVID patients who were not immunized. There was no significant change in specific antibody titers to influenza and pneumococcus after vaccination. Regarding H1N1, there was no statistically significant production of antibodies to H1N1, although we observed a slight non-durable increase in antibody titers. In conclusion, there was a reduction in the number of infections, mainly sinusitis, URIs and pneumonias in patients with CVID vaccinated against influenza, H1N1 and pneumococcus. While we found no correlation between the reduction in the number of infections and specific antibody titers for the vaccines administered, the clinical improvement observed in CVID patients reinforces the benefit of vaccination
Silva, Ivan Leonardo Avelino França e. « Imunogenicidade e segurança da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 em pacientes com doenças reumáticas em uso de terapia anti-TNF alfa ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-25022015-145325/.
Texte intégralOBJECTIVES: To evaluate the immunogenicity of the anti-influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis patients receiving distinct classes of anti-TNF agents compared with patients receiving DMARDs and healthy controls. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients (RA, n=41; ankylosing spondylitis - AS, n=57 and psoriatic arthritis - PsA, n=22) under anti-TNF agents (monoclonal, n=94 and soluble receptor, n=26) were compared to 116 inflammatory arthritis patients under DMARDs and 117 healthy controls. Seroprotection (SP), seroconversion (SC), geometric mean titre (GMT), factor increase (FI) in GMT and adverse events were evaluated 21 days after vaccination. RESULTS: After immunisation, SC rates (58.2% vs. 74.3%, p=0.017) were significantly lower in spondyloarthritis patients receiving anti-TNF therapy, whereas no difference was observed in RA patients receiving this therapy compared to healthy controls (p=0.067). Spondyloarthritis patients receiving monoclonal antibodies (infliximab/adalimumab) had a significantly lower seroconversion rate compared to healthy controls (51.6% vs. 74.3%, p=0.002) or to those under DMARDs (51.6% vs. 74.7%, p=0.005), whereas no difference was observed for patients under etanercept (86.7% vs. 74.3%, p=0.091). Further analysis of non-seroconverting and seronconverting spondyloarthritis patients revealed that the former group had a higher mean age (p=0.003), a higher frequency of anti-TNF (p=0.031) and monoclonal antibodies (p=0.001), and a lower frequency of methotrexate (p=0.028). In multivariate logistic regression, only older age (p=0.015) and monoclonal antibodies treatment (p=0.023) remained significant factors for nonseroconversion in spondyloarthritis patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a distinct disease pattern of immune response to the pandemic influenza vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients receiving anti-TNF agents, illustrated by a reduced immunogenicity solely in spondyloarthritis patients using monoclonal antibodies
Neto, Vanda Sofia Freitas Devesa. « A realidade da prescrição de oseltamivir em crianças internadas num hospital pediátrico terciário ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82600.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Oseltamivir is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of influenza infection and its complications. It is recommended its use in all hospitalized children regardless the clinical status. The main goal of this study was to characterized hospitalized cases in a pediatric hospital with influenza infection after the influenza A pandemic, focusing on the use of oseltamivir and the factors that led to its prescription. Methods: Observational study, with retrospective data collection, including all cases hospitalized with influenza infection, in the Pediatric Hospital, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra (HP-CHUC) between October 2012 and May 2016 (four influenza seasons). The following variables were analyzed: admission year, age, gender, risk factors for severe infection, clinical presentation, changes in chest radiography, influenza virus detected, co-infection with other viruses, place of hospitalization, need for oxygen therapy and/or ventilatory support, oseltamivir prescription, concomitant antibiotic therapy and evolution. Statistical analysis made with SPSS® 22 (p<0.05). Results: A total of 83 cases with influenza infection (54,2% of the total number of positive tests for influenza virus) were included, corresponding to 81 children / adolescents, 45 (55.6%) of whom were male. The median age at the observation date was 21.9 months (AIQ 12-61). There were 40 cases with risk factors for severe infection (48.2%). There were 44 cases (53%) treated with oseltamivir. The most common clinical diagnoses were respiratory infection, namely pneumonia in 34 cases (40.9%). Four subtypes of influenza virus were included in this study: A(H1N1)pdm09 55 cases (64.7%), A (H3) 7 cases (8.2%), A indeterminate subtype 6 cases (7.1%) and B 17 Cases (20.0%).There was a statistically significant association between the prescription of oseltamivir and the following variables: place of hospitalization (p=0.006), number of days of hospitalization (p=0.002), changes in chest radiography (p=0.001), diagnosis of pneumonia (p=0.008), hypoxemia (p=0.001) and infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus pdm09 (p<0.001). There were three deaths (3.6%) and one case (1.2%) had permanent neurological sequels. Discussion and conclusion: Although the prescription of oseltamivir is lower than recommended, its use has been increasing in the last seasons. Treatment with oseltamivir was strongly associated with the identification of a specific subtype of influenza virus (A(H1N1) pdm09). We believe it is necessary to promote the use of oseltamivir in this age group.
Introdução: O oseltamivir é o fármaco utilizado no tratamento da infeção por influenza e das suas complicações. É recomendada a sua utilização em todas as crianças internadas independentemente do estado clínico. Foi objetivo deste trabalho caracterizar os casos internados num hospital pediátrico com infeção por influenza, ocorridos após a pandemia por gripe A, nomeadamente a utilização de oseltamivir e os fatores que motivaram a sua prescrição. Métodos: Estudo observacional, com colheita retrospetiva de dados, incluindo todos os casos internados com infeção por influenza, no Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (HP-CHUC), entre outubro de 2012 e maio de 2016 (quatro épocas gripais). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: ano de admissão, idade, género, fatores de risco para infeção grave, clínica de apresentação, alterações na radiografia torácica, vírus influenza detetado, co-infeção por outros vírus, local de internamento, necessidade de oxigenoterapia e/ou suporte ventilatório, prescrição de oseltamivir, antibioterapia concomitante e evolução. Análise estatística com SPSS® 22 (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 83 casos com infeção por influenza (54,2% do total de pesquisas positivas para vírus influenza), correspondentes a 81 crianças/adolescentes, dos quais 45 (55,6%) do sexo masculino. A idade mediana à data de observação foi de 21,9 meses (AIQ 12-61). Tinham fatores de risco para infeção grave 40 casos (48,2%). Foram tratados com oseltamivir 44 casos (53%). Os diagnósticos clínicos mais comuns foram infeção respiratória, nomeadamente pneumonia em 34 casos (40,9%). Foram isolados quatro subtipos de vírus influenza: A(H1N1)pdm09 55 casos (64,7%), A(H3) 7 casos (8,2%), A de subtipo indeterminado 6 casos (7,1%) e B 17 casos (20,0%). Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre a prescrição de oseltamivir e as seguintes variáveis: local de internamento (p=0,006), maior duração do internamento (p=0,002), alterações na radiografia torácica (p=0,001), diagnóstico de pneumonia (p=0,008), hipoxemia (p=0,001) e infeção por vírus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (p<0,001). Registaram-se três óbitos (3,6%) e um caso (1,2%) ficou com sequelas neurológicas permanentes. Discussão e conclusão: Apesar da prescrição de oseltamivir ser inferior ao recomendado, a sua utilização tem vindo a aumentar. O tratamento com oseltamivir esteve fortemente associado à identificação de um subtipo especifico de vírus influenza (A(H1N1)pdm09). Consideramos necessária uma maior divulgação das recomendações da utilização do oseltamivir neste grupo etário.