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1
Townsend, Joseph Paul. "Artificial development of neural-symbolic networks." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15162.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and logic programs have both been suggested as means of modelling human cognition. While ANNs are adaptable and relatively noise resistant, the information they represent is distributed across various neurons and is therefore difficult to interpret. On the contrary, symbolic systems such as logic programs are interpretable but less adaptable. Human cognition is performed in a network of biological neurons and yet is capable of representing symbols, and therefore an ideal model would combine the strengths of the two approaches. This is the goal of Neural-Symbolic Integration [4, 16, 21, 40], in which ANNs are used to produce interpretable, adaptable representations of logic programs and other symbolic models. One neural-symbolic model of reasoning is SHRUTI [89, 95], argued to exhibit biological plausibility in that it captures some aspects of real biological processes. SHRUTI's original developers also suggest that further biological plausibility can be ascribed to the fact that SHRUTI networks can be represented by a model of genetic development [96, 120]. The aims of this thesis are to support the claims of SHRUTI's developers by producing the first such genetic representation for SHRUTI networks and to explore biological plausibility further by investigating the evolvability of the proposed SHRUTI genome. The SHRUTI genome is developed and evolved using principles from Generative and Developmental Systems and Artificial Development [13, 105], in which genomes use indirect encoding to provide a set of instructions for the gradual development of the phenotype just as DNA does for biological organisms. This thesis presents genomes that develop SHRUTI representations of logical relations and episodic facts so that they are able to correctly answer questions on the knowledge they represent. The evolvability of the SHRUTI genomes is limited in that an evolutionary search was able to discover genomes for simple relational structures that did not include conjunction, but could not discover structures that enabled conjunctive relations or episodic facts to be learned. Experiments were performed to understand the SHRUTI fitness landscape and demonstrated that this landscape is unsuitable for navigation using an evolutionary search. Complex SHRUTI structures require that necessary substructures must be discovered in unison and not individually in order to yield a positive change in objective fitness that informs the evolutionary search of their discovery. The requirement for multiple substructures to be in place before fitness can be improved is probably owed to the localist representation of concepts and relations in SHRUTI. Therefore this thesis concludes by making a case for switching to more distributed representations as a possible means of improving evolvability in the future.
2
Motazedi, Niloufar. "The development of solvers for Symbolic Computational Dynamics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18069/.
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3
Child, Simon Frederick James. "Investigating the development of cognitive symbolic representation and gestural communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-development-of-cognitive-symbolic-representation-and-gestural-communication(225d27ca-0dcb-4205-974b-e57e1547114d).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis, I explore the ongoing development of symbol use in three domains: pretend play, speech and gestures. In chapter 1, the specific behavioural manifestations of symbol use in these domains are identified and previous literature that has explored the cognitive underpinnings of these abilities is discussed, with a particular focus on children's social cognition. In chapter 2, I review previous research that has sought pairwise relations between these abilities and the theoretical perspectives that have been utilised to explain these relations. In chapter 3, I introduce the four pertinent research questions that emerged from the previous review of the current literature, and provide an overview as to the methods adopted to address these issues. Chapters 4 to 6 constitute three papers designed to explore and evaluate children's symbol production in a sample of preschool children in pretend play speech and gestures. For the first paper, 38-40 month old children were given a battery of standardised measures to assess their symbolic capacities while controlling for non-verbal abilities. These data were analysed for concurrent relations between symbolic capacities. The second paper extends these concurrent relations longitudinally, by giving the children the same battery of measures six and twelve months after initial testing. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the potential predictive relations between these measures, and whether there is a changing relation between these symbolic domains over developmental time. The third paper investigates children's iconic gesture production in further detail, by evaluating whether children aged 44-46 months incorporate the iconic gestures they observe an adult perform into their own descriptions of a novel object.Taken together, the results indicate a changing relation between the three symbolic measures of interest during the preschool years. The present findings suggest that both pretend play and gesture production are mediated by speech, but in different ways. It was also found that children appear to incorporate the gestures they observe into their own descriptions of objects but this uptake is dependent on the properties of the gesture itself. In the final chapter, these findings are discussed in relation to previous theoretical notions that place pretend play, speech and gestures as manifestations of an underlying symbolic system. I also discuss the enduring relation between these three abilities and how the pattern of predictive relations found in the present thesis can be explained. Furthermore, I discuss the ontogenesis of symbolic gesture production in children, specifically how children may use the gestures of others as a guide to their own gesture production. Finally I outline some limitations of the present research, and indicate potential avenues for future study.
4
Zaner, Frederick Steven. "The development of symbolic models and their extension into space." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303495012.
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5
Keyton, Michael M. (Michael Murray). "The Development and Interpretation of Several Symbolic Models of Thought." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331860/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Philosophical and physiological investigations define thought to be the result of thinking. psychological Inquiry has mainly focused on discovery of the mechanisms and topology of thought. Philosophical Inquiry either has explored the mind-body problem or has analyzed the linguistics of the expression of a thought. However, neither has Investigated adequately phenomenal characteristics of thought Itself, the Intermediary between the production and the expression of a thought. The use of thought to analyze phenomenal characteristics of thought engenders a paradox. If the expression of thought requires finite series of linked words with rules governing syntax, then analysis of both the thought and the expression of the thought must necessarily transcend the linguistic level. During the last century many examples of logical paradoxes In linguistics of thought have been given. The culminating difficulty of dealing with a finite structure, a characteristic of any language, Is Godel's Incompleteness Theorem, which says in essence that in order to render all decisions about a finite system requires the use of material outside the system. Thus, a potentially complete interpretation of thought must use some technique which is basically non-linguistic . Wittgenstein proposed such a method with his "Picture theory. " This technique solves the major paradoxical problem generated by investigation of a reflective system using the system itself , but leaves unsolved the question of ultimate resolution . Using pictorial models with examples to assist in understanding phenomenal characteristics of thought, this paper investigates basic units of thought, attempting to identify properties of a basic unit of thought and of the collection of thoughts for a person, and analyzes relationships and interactions between units of thought.
6
Watson, Sarah Elizabeth. "Children's arithmetic development : contributions of symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude comparison." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5178/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis aimed to explore the predictors of children’s arithmetic development with a specific focus on magnitude comparison. Children were assessed in whole class groups in order to recruit a sample large enough to use structural equation modeling (Chapters 2, 4 and 5), while also assessing a subsample of children individually with computerised measures (Chapter 6). This thesis also aimed to explore children’s development on the magnitude comparison tasks within the same group of children (Chapters 3 and Chapter 6 Study 1). Chapter 2 first assessed the underlying latent factors that different comparison tasks may have in common. It was found that symbolic and nonsymbolic comparison tasks loaded on the same factor (magnitude comparison), whilst letter comparison formed a separate factor. Furthermore, children’s magnitude comparison ability was found to be a concurrent predictor of their arithmetic achievement but letter comparison was not. The longitudinal analyses in Chapters 4 and 5 show how magnitude comparison ability was not a predictor of children’s untimed arithmetic ability, or fluency at completing subtraction and multiplication problems either one or two years later. However, it was a significant predictor of addition fluency one year later. In comparison, number identification ability was found to be a consistent predictor of arithmetic achievement both concurrently and longitudinally. Chapter 6 investigated whether the inconsistent findings regarding the importance of magnitude comparison ability was due to the methodology used to assess it. Computerised magnitude comparison tasks more akin to those in previous studies were individually presented to a subgroup of children that also completed the group based measures. Neither symbolic nor nonsymbolic comparison ability was found to predict later arithmetic achievement, whereas number identification was a significant predictor. Finally in Chapters 3 and 6, it was found that children improved significantly over time on all of the magnitude comparison tasks presented.
7
Wright, James Arthur. "Product symbolic status: development of a scale to assess different product types." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4222.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The literature on status, product symbolism, product involvement, and reference
group influence is reviewed to conceptually define the Product Symbolic Status
construct. The research consisted of two studies (N = 524) that examined 17 different
product types to develop and validate the Product Symbolic Status (PSS) scale. The PSS
scale is comprised of four facets: self-concept, impression management, lifestyle, and
social visibility. The PSS scale consists of nine items which produced an average
reliability of ñ = .90 and showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in
MTMM analyses with the constructs of product value-expressiveness, product
involvement, and product exclusivity/luxury. The PSS scale can also be used for brand
symbolic status research. The marketing and advertising research implications are
discussed.
8
Wu, Xinyu. "Development of a hybrid symbolic/connectionist system for word sense disambiguation." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339308.
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9
Dovlo, Edem. "Development of a Symbolic Computer Algebra Toolbox for 2D Fourier Transforms in Polar Coordinates." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20269.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Fourier transform is one of the most useful tools in science and engineering and can be expanded to multi-dimensions and curvilinear coordinates. Multidimensional Fourier transforms are widely used in image processing, tomographic reconstructions and in fact any application that requires a multidimensional convolution. By examining a function in the frequency domain, additional information and insights may be obtained.
In this thesis, the development of a symbolic computer algebra toolbox to compute two dimensional Fourier transforms in polar coordinates is discussed. Among the many operations implemented in this toolbox are different types of convolutions and procedures that allow for managing the toolbox effectively. The implementation of the two dimensional Fourier transform in polar coordinates within the toolbox is shown to be a combination of two significantly simpler transforms. The toolbox is also tested throughout the thesis to verify its capabilities.
10
Sherratt, Dave. "An investigation into the development of symbolic play in children with autism." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89654/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Impairments in the use of varied, spontaneous, symbolic or imaginative play or the absence of developmentally appropriate social imitative play is of diagnostic significance in autism (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, 4th edition [DSM IV] 1994). Many studies have found a poverty in play generally and particularly in spontaneous symbolic play amongst children with autism. It is then remarkable that some research studies have found that in structured settings such children are able to understand pretence and produce acts of pretence. Study 1 was a small scale study of 6 children with autism in a school setting and found that some were able to learn to play symbolically following a 4-month intervention. Structure and affective engagement emerged as 2 factors possibly mediating this improvement. Study 2 contrasted Structure and Affect each in combination with Repetition in a quasi-experimental design with 12 (different) children. Study 3, using a similar method to Study 2, additionally considered two further variables: interest in the materials and the identity of the researcher. The study showed that symbolic play acts could be elicited in the participants using high structure and high affect conditions. The use of high interest toys was less likely to elicit symbolic acts in these participants. The number of symbolic acts used by the participants were not unduly influenced by the replication of the conditions by a second researcher. A factor that possibly mediated the effects seen in Study 3 was the social-communicative responses of the participants and so Study 4 studied children with learning difficulties, four who had autism and 4 who did not, matched on verbal comprehension and examined the level of social communication responses in relation to symbolic play during three conditions of high affect, high structure and low intervention. Implications for education and further research are discussed. Results of all studies were not definitive. This represents a preliminary study to identify factors that may be effective in the teaching of symbolic play to children with autism. Some initial success with individual children indicates structure and affective engagement as factors that need to be investigated in future research.
11
Dolinsky, Jens-Uwe. "The development of a genetic programming method for kinematic robot calibration." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364488.
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Turtle, Henrik. "South-North Cooperation : Exploring the symbolic regime of a ‘new’ development cooperation paradigm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis studies the symbolic regimes of Southern and Northern development cooperation partners. Symbolic regime is understood as the jointly articulated discourse of the Southern and Northern development partners. South-North cooperation is a suitable topic for study due to its peculiarity. The power structure typically seen in development cooperation is inverted, with the Southern country being the primary architect of cooperation between the two countries, unlike in traditional development cooperation. The study is placed in the context of wider research on convergence between Southern and Northern countries. Symbolic regimes are studied by inductively generating theoretical categories using a grounded theory method on documents from China’s Belt and Road Initiative and comparing those categories with established North-South and South-South symbolic regimes, which are framed using gift theory. The results suggest that China and its Northern partners’ symbolic regime is similar to the symbolic regime from South-South cooperation, without the emotional claims of solidarity or empathy. Jointly articulated discourse was found primarily to detail intended consequences and facilitating conditions, while individually articulated material showed that there are realities which are obscured by the symbolic regimes.
13
Borba, Rute Elizabete de Souza Rosa. "The effect of number meanings, conceptual invariants and symbolic representations on children's reasoning about directed numbers." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247603.
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14
Anand, Saswat. "Techniques to facilitate symbolic execution of real-world programs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall goal of this research is to reduce the cost of software development and improve the quality of software. Symbolic execution is a program-analysis technique that is used to address several problems that arise in developing high-quality software. Despite the fact that the symbolic execution technique is well understood, and performing symbolic execution on simple programs is straightforward, it is still not possible to apply the technique to the general class of large, real-world software. A symbolic-execution system can be effectively applied to large, real-world software if it has at least the two features: efficiency and automation. However, efficient and automatic symbolic execution of real-world programs is a lofty goal because of both theoretical and practical reasons. Theoretically, achieving this goal requires solving an intractable problem (i.e., solving constraints). Practically, achieving this goal requires overwhelming effort to implement a symbolic-execution system that can precisely and automatically symbolically execute real-world programs.
This research makes three major contributions.
1. Three new techniques that address three important problems of symbolic execution. Compared to existing techniques, the new techniques
* reduce the manual effort that may be required to symbolically execute those programs that either generate complex constraints or parts of which cannot be symbolically executed due to limitations of a symbolic-execution system.
* improve the usefulness of symbolic execution (e.g., expose more bugs in a program) by enabling discovery of more feasible paths within a given time budget.
2. A novel approach that uses symbolic execution to generate test inputs for Apps that run on modern mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
3. Implementations of the above techniques and empirical results obtained from applying those techniques to real-world programs that demonstrate their effectiveness.
15
Ansved, Julia, and Hanna Fuhrmann. "The Development of Water Practices within Households in Ribáuè, Mozambique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27165.
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Within the academic discussion, water is argued to be a ‘multifaceted resource’, yet, the social and cultural dimensions of water have received little attention. Furthermore, authors have highlighted a need to explore the phenomenon from both, the macro and micro level, however, debates regarding water tend to revolve around the former. Following the need for a more local perspective, this study looks into water practices of a household, like using a watering can to irrigate crops or purifying water for consumption, as well as the environment in which these occur. Recognising that change is essential for development, it also explores if improvement of these practices is needed, and how development of these, if so, may be encouraged. One perspective fostering such an understanding is Symbolic Interactionism, focusing on individuals and their behaviour and how this is influenced by their perceived reality and the interaction with oneself and others. This perspective is utilised as the analytical framework in order to explore people’s lives and their experiences. The research was carried out as a field work during April and May, 2013, in Ribáuè, Mozambique. This study concludes that there is a recognised need to develop water practices in order to support and create favourable outcomes for households. One of the factors that this study highlights as important is to acknowledge individuals’ cognitive process in relation to the visible actions performed, emphasising the significance of taking both processes into account when attempting to encourage the development of water practices. For instance, it is advisable to provide not only theoretical instructions, but also to demonstrate and let the individuals carry out new practices. By taking such factors into account, this may strengthen the efforts to encourage a household to develop its water practices. This study also proposes potential perspectives for future research.
16
Kim, Joo-Kwan. "Managing symbolic capital : development and maintenance of honorific differences in a rural Korean village /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Rimmer, Scott. "The Symbolic Form of Architecture: An investigation into its philosophical foundations and a discussion on the development of the perception of architectural form by modern heoreticians and symbolist architects." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates the concept of the symbolic form of architecture. It first focuses on the philosophical foundations for this concept in the works of Ernst Cassirer, Immanuel Kant, Conrad Fiedler, and Theodor Adorno. Then, the development of the modern perception of form in architectural theoreticians, where "modern" architectural theory evolved from an analogical state into a symbolic state, is examined: Karl Bötticherâ s concept of a Junktur and his attempt to transcend the presumed dichotomy in architecture between ornamentation and form is discussed; Gottfried Semper's concept of style and Alois Riegl's concept of motif are presented as reactions against what they saw as the mechanistic reliance on structure as definitive of form in architecture; Louis Sullivan's ornamentation is discussed as an attempt to integrate structure and ornamentation into a morphological whole; Otto Wagner's attempt to purge architecture from analogical responses through a strictly constructional basis for ornamentation is presented; and Adolf Loos' dismissal of decorative ornamentation, since it is an impediment towards true aesthetic judgment, is examined. Finally, a critical review of the symbolist movement in architecture, art, and literature is presented as a movement diametric to the symbolic development in architecture, since it glorified the analogical, and frequently the mimetic. The origins for how the symbolist movement became a denial of clarity center on Emanuel Swedenborg's concept of symbols, and how it was misinterpreted by the symbolists.<br>Master of Architecture
18
Hafiz, Amir. "Sustainable Interaction : Putting the social aspect of Sustainable Development on the agenda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193979.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a world of development and scarce resources sustainable development has been presented as an approach of dealing with our issues of welfare. Economic, environmental and social aspects are incorporated in the approach in order to solve the problems of today. While sustainable development is pervaded in policies and planning of nations and communities, the three aspects of it have all specific definitions which are to be applied, some aspects are well defined whilst others are not yet fully determined. The purpose of this qualitative study is to highlight the social aspect of sustainable development. The social sustainability is assessed by investigating how a municipality in Sweden meets the variables of social sustainability established by the Swedish government. It investigates the structure plans of a community south of Stockholm, Haninge Municipality. It seeks to understand how the municipality implements social sustainability in practice to solve the issues of the alienated residential area Jordbro. By using a method of interpretation of texts in form of governmental documents of social sustainability, municipal structure plans together with incorporated interviews with locals and an internship at the municipality house of Haninge, the study gives a comprehensive understanding of social sustainability in Stockholm and issues which the municipality is to deal with. It indicates that social sustainability is taking a smaller role in the structure planning documents of the municipality, and it also indicates a lack of interaction and incorporation of locals. Furthermore the study suggests some solutions to the problems of social sustainability.
19
Robinson, Kirk S. "How Graduate Teaching Assistants Experience Teaching Preparation for Higher Education: A Symbolic Interactionist Study." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami15112773925517.
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Vermooten, Elizabeth. "Fiction writing as symbolic constructivist inquiry in ego state therapy." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262008-125922.
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21
Aronson, Olov. "Symbolic smoking : A quantitative survey of peers’ impressions of a smoking adolescent girl, and a theoretical analysis of the symbolic capital generated by the impressions." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44335.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the present study, I analyze adolescent girls’ smoking through a unique combination of a quantitative survey of impressions and a theoretical analysis based on new elaborations of Bourdieu’s concept symbolic capital. The method of the study is three-fold. First, focus-group interviews elicit relevant impressions of adolescents in the eyes of peers. Second, a questionnaire survey distributed to adolescent peers quantitatively investigates how impressions of a girl on a picture differ depending on whether or not she has a cigarette. Third, a theoretical analysis based on elaborations of Bourdieu’s theories scrutinizes the results of the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that smoking adolescent girls generate impressions of being significantly less likable, more popular, more conceited, less kind, less shy, more liable to bully, less funny, more deceitful, and less compassionate than non-smoking adolescent girls. In the elaborations of Bourdieu’s theories, I introduce a division of symbolic capital into two forms: symbolic virtue capital, generated through impressions of virtues, and symbolic power capital, generated through intimidating impressions of destructive power. According to the theoretical analysis of the results, smoking adolescent girls have relatively much symbolic power capital but relatively little symbolic virtue capital compared to adolescent girls that do not smoke.
22
FONSECA, JOAO MOURA ESTEVAO MARQUES DA. "SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION: A CASE STUDY ON MOZAMBIQUE AND SYMBOLIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24612@1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Esta dissertação explora tensões emergentes do crescente engajamento dos
chamados provedores Sul-Sul no campo da cooperação internacional para o
desenvolvimento, discutindo alguns de seus efeitos sob a ação de governos receptores,
doadores Norte-Sul e estruturas de governança no espaço social em questão.
Beneficiamo-nos principalmente das noções de campo e cultura de auditoria de
Pierre Bourdieu e Marilyn Strathern, respectivamente. Por meio dessas, descrevemos a
trajetória da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento a partir da segunda metade do século XX, ressaltando o papel do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento (CAD) da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) na elaboração e manutenção de princípios organizadores e práticas dominantes no campo. Enfatizamos o plano simbólico ao narrar a oposição histórica entre cooperação Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul, sugerindo conexão inextricável entre a emergência da última e a crítica no campo à agenda da eficácia da ajuda. Observamos os efeitos das tensões entre cooperação Sul-Sul e Norte-Sul na dimensão local a partir de um estudo de caso sobre Moçambique, aplicando as noções de dependência simbólica e efeito BRICS a fim compreender tendências e impactos sob o comportamento do Governo de Moçambique, doadores Norte-Sul e suas condicionalidades, e o processo de consolidação democrática no país. Ao final, sistematizamos algumas reflexões sobre o estado de fluxo do campo, sugerindo que sua re-politização não necessariamente se traduz em democratização para países receptores.<br>This thesis explores tensions emerging from the growing engagement of so-called
South-South providers in the field of international development cooperation, discussing
some of their effects on the behavior of recipient governments, North-South donors and
governance structures within the referred social space. The primary concepts mobilized
are those of field and audit culture, as used by Pierre Bourdieu and Marilyn Strathern
respectively. Through these, we describe the trajectory of international development
cooperation during the second half of the twentieth century, emphasizing the role of the
Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) in creating and maintaining the field’s organizing
principles and dominant practices. We emphasize the symbolic realm in narrating the
historic opposition between North-South and South-South cooperation, suggesting an
inextricable connection between the emergence of the later and the critique of the aid
effectiveness agenda. We explore the local effects of tensions between South-South and
North-South cooperation through a case study on Mozambique, applying the notions of
symbolic dependence and the BRICS effect in order to understand trends and impacts
on the behavior of the Government of Mozambique, North-South donors and their
conditionalities, and the process of democratic consolidation in the country. Finally, we
draw some reflections on the state of flux of the development cooperation field,
suggesting that its re-politicization does not necessarily imply democratization for
recipient countries.
23
Farrelly, Nicholas Samuel. "Spatial control and symbolic politics at the intersection of China, India and Burma." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f65d3429-b208-41bc-83be-182b83e3bf61.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Chinese, Indian and Myanmar governments share the borderlands in the corners of their respective territories where East, South and Southeast Asia meet. In this region of common concern the capacities of these three systems of post-colonial government are regulated so as to prevent excessive political conflict and discourage territorial fragmentation. My research focus is how the governments seek to exert spatial control in areas occupied by the closely-related Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw peoples. As part of their efforts to shape interactions with the central governments, local elites among these peoples have defended and expanded elements of their Jingpo, Singpho and Jinghpaw cultures, particularly their annual Manau festivals. Seeking a way to analyse the relationship between governments and those they govern I draw on the illustrative potential of these large-scale events. It is the symbolic politics of these festivals that suggest an argument about spatial control that refines the state-repelling “Zomia” model proposed by van Schendel (2002) and Scott (2009a). I argue that nodes of control are sites where the governments concentrate power in order to manage their geopolitical ambitions. These nodes succeed when they encourage the acquiescence of local economic and cultural elites. By opening up opportunities for such collaboration, the nodes buttress the strategic links—cultural, political, economic, transportation and communications—that are the main interests of all central governments. It is, moreover, the intrinsic limitation of government ambitions, and their willingness to allow creative ambiguities, that suggests the direction in which ideas about spatial control at the intersection of China, India and Burma can be re conceived.
24
Chen, Yuliu. "Pending between Destructivity and Constructivity in Disagreements on Land Management in China -- A Case Study of the Wukan Protests." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188335.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the Chinese village Wukan, violence between the authorities and protesters took place when farmers resisted land transaction 2011. Wukan is one out of about ten thousand local protests annually in China, but unique in the modern Chinese history since it resulted in suspension of land transaction and the leaders of the protest where elected into the village committee, in an election which is considered by external observers as the most democratic in China. The aim of this paper is to understand destructive and constructive processes emerging out of interaction between protesters and the authorities. The focus is on how the actors (the authorities vs. protesting farmers) interpret their opportunities to: a) understand the intention of the other, b) be understood by the other, and c) influence the action of the other, in the different phases of the conflict. The conclusion is that when actors respond to disagreement with discursive closure, the destructivity increases, and vice versa.
25
Sottara, Davide <1981>. "Integration of symbolic and connectionist AI techniques in the development of Decision Support Systems applied to biochemical processes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2972/1/Sottara_Davide_Tesi.pdf.
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Sottara, Davide <1981>. "Integration of symbolic and connectionist AI techniques in the development of Decision Support Systems applied to biochemical processes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2972/.
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Kirkman, Philip. "Secondary music students' compositional development with computer-mediated environments in classroom communities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244366.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over the last decade digital technologies have brought significant changes to classroom music, promising support for the realisation of a musical education for all students. National curricula and exam specifications continue to embed technology more deeply. While these changes increasingly impact on music classrooms, there is a growing awareness that the presence of digital technologies may not always promote meaningful compositional development, particularly at GCSE level. A ‘musical’ curriculum seeks to promote meaningful compositional development by building upon a student’s previous musical experience and by providing practical, integrated and collaborative composing experiences. Existing empirical research demonstrates that a wide range of digital technologies are used in secondary classrooms to support students’ compositional processes. When used successfully, such technologies give rise to computer- mediated environments which promote musical composing experiences. At the same time, current models of compositional development do not adequately account for the ways in which such contextual factors mediate students’ compositional development. In response to this, the current research employs a multiple case study approach to explore the ways in which two secondary music students’ compositional development proceeds when working with digital technologies. Drawing from both symbolic interactionism and activity theory as complementary theoretical lenses, students’ own views of their developing composing process are positioned in a critical and reflexive dialogue with the researcher’s own constant analysis. Tools for data collection include a novel synchronous multiple video capture technique (SMV) developed to meet the demands of the project. The methodology draws on ethnographic techniques and the framework for analysis is based on an adapted constant comparative procedure. Set in the context of a UK secondary school the thesis explores several themes which emerge from the stories of Sam and Emily, our two student cases, and which add to current understanding of compositional development with computer-mediated environments. A theoretical model is proposed which presents the process of compositional development in terms of four connections that emerge from Sam’s and Emily’s ways of working. They are: connecting in institutional space, connecting in personalised space, connecting in emancipated space and connecting in shared space. Four developmental points are offered within these spaces: a point of enabling, a point of discovery, a point of transformation and a point of connection. Each point of development is linked to a type of development which, drawing on the literature, have been given the following titles: scaffolded development, serendipitous development, computer-mediated development and creative development. Finally, the study suggests several implications for teachers and avenues for further research relating to the nature of personalised spaces, providing varied contextual opportunities, understanding computer- mediated composing and promoting student ownership.
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Curl, Heather D. "The "ongoing culture shock" of upward mobility| Cultural capital, symbolic violence and implications for family relationships." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3594289.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Social mobility is often viewed as a way to alleviate poverty and create equality; it represents the basis upon which the United States is viewed as a meritocratic nation of opportunity. Missing from this persistent narrative, however, is analysis of the actual experience of social mobility. This qualitative study explores the narratives of individuals as they reflect on their experiences of upward mobility through education. Data include in-depth interviews with 25 individuals with an advanced degree whose parents did not attend college, and 10 individuals who have an advanced degree similar to their parents. This study considers three dimensions of cultural capital—embodied cultural capital associated with how individuals present themselves, linguistic cultural capital associated with how individuals speak and communicate and cultural capital related to taste, beliefs and knowledge, associated with individual’s leisure time choices, food and drink preferences and beliefs about the world. Across data, mobile individuals express the expectation or need to take on the cultural practices and behavior of their new class context. Data suggest that the process through which upwardly mobile individuals experience shifts in culture is more complex than currently conceived. In addition, these changes in culture can lead to internal conflict and difficulty in connection with families of origin; representing the potential costs of upward mobility. Implications include an amendment to cultural mobility research and to current strategies in urban education which position cultural capital as a character trait that can be learned or taken up by individuals. </p>
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Martins, Maíra de Oliveira. "Desenvolvimento moral e a questão das trocas simbólicas : um estudo de epistemologia genética com crianças de bairros marginalizados /." Marília, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181722.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Adrián Oscar Dongo Montoya<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo do desenvolvimento moral e da troca simbólica junto à crianças de bairros marginalizados, ou seja, crianças que vivem na pobreza e sofrem opressão social. Por serem crianças que vivem essa condição social, sofrem relações de opressão e vivem uma "cultura do silencio" que dificulta o desenvolvimento das suas capacidades cognitivas e dos seus sentimentos morais. Deste modo, nos perguntamos: de que modo esse meio social influi no desenvolvimento moral dessas crianças, particularmente dos seus julgamentos morais? Para responder a essa questão, estudamos as relações de crianças de 7 a 12 anos com os membros que as rodeiam. A pesquisa se cumpre em uma instituição social localizada em um bairro de periferia da cidade do interior de São Paulo. Por meio de entrevistas, verificamos os julgamentos morais em função da mentira das crianças, a partir de histórias elaboradas por Piaget e levantamos as trocas simbólicas no seio familiar e institucional. No ambiente familiar, estudamos o seu cotidiano onde se produz o cumprimento de obrigações e deveres, brincadeiras, conflitos com autoridades e iguais. No ambiente institucional, estudamos o modelo de relação existente, se há a possibilidade de trocas simbólicas e reflexão sobre as atividades feitas. O referencial teórico principal foi o de Jean Piaget. Nossas conclusões apontam para uma relação entre os julgamentos morais e as trocas simbólicas. As crianças que apresentaram uma tendência de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This work has as its mainly objective the purpose of studying the moral development and the symbolic exchange among marginalized neighborhoods children, in other words, children living in poverty and suffering social opression. For being children living under this social condition, they suffer opression relationships and abide by what they call "Culture of the Silence", making things harder for the development of their cognitive abilities and their moral feelings. Thus, we ask ourselves: in which way this social enviroment influences these children moral development, particularly their moral judgement? To answer that question, we have been studying the relationships of children from 7 to 12 years old among the members surrounding them during daily life. The survey has been acomplished in a social institution located in a suburban neighborhood of a city in the countryside of São Paulo state. Through interviews, we have verified the moral judgements in function of the children's lies, as of histories elaborated by Piaget; we were able to bring up the symbolic exchanges among the family and institutionally. In the family enviroment, we have study their daily life where the acomplishment of obligations and chores, children's play, conflicts towards authorities and equals could be seen. In the institutional enviroment, we have study the relationship model existent, if there is the possibility of symbolic exchanges and reflection about the activities that just have been done. The m... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Adams, Trevor W. "A black hero's journey." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/583105/1/Adams_2014.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is a dearth of Black male education success stories and a lack of documenting by some pastoral practitioners of their model of pastoral care. The absence of both my story and model was due to traumatic memories. As a Black male pastor and educator, seen as a role model, working to inspire Black young males disaffected in their education, the absence blocked my practice advancement. Therefore, I used this problem for a self-reflective study on my practice to put my record straight.
First I revisited a snapshot of my educational past and contemporary practice using a Black metaphorical redemptive lens to see my study as a Black hero’s journey. Second, I imagined myself through a Johari Awareness Model in reflective conversation with myself, Jesus Christ, and others. Third, I located my work within a practical theological paradigm and used autoethnographic methodological approach and methods to gather and analyse my data. Finally, I subjected my findings to a discussion interpreted through my conceptual lens to see what would emerge.
Hidden insights underpinning my practice were surfaced providing me with a new view of my life and way of being in my practice. Captured in the form of my autoethnography, this serves as a new Black cultural symbolic resource. This gives documented access to my education success story. It also models my pastoral practice which now enables me to share with others, through symbolic modelling, the current best knowledge and practices underpinning my work.
My study is an innovative use of inner experiences for Black professional advancement from blocked traumatic memories. It provides a new model within the field of practical theology, by which others might see a theology by heart beyond the usage of text for professional development. My inquiry makes me more transparent and a better role model for student and colleagues.
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Adams, Trevor W. "A black hero's journey." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/583105/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is a dearth of Black male education success stories and a lack of documenting by some pastoral practitioners of their model of pastoral care. The absence of both my story and model was due to traumatic memories. As a Black male pastor and educator, seen as a role model, working to inspire Black young males disaffected in their education, the absence blocked my practice advancement. Therefore, I used this problem for a self-reflective study on my practice to put my record straight. First I revisited a snapshot of my educational past and contemporary practice using a Black metaphorical redemptive lens to see my study as a Black hero’s journey. Second, I imagined myself through a Johari Awareness Model in reflective conversation with myself, Jesus Christ, and others. Third, I located my work within a practical theological paradigm and used autoethnographic methodological approach and methods to gather and analyse my data. Finally, I subjected my findings to a discussion interpreted through my conceptual lens to see what would emerge. Hidden insights underpinning my practice were surfaced providing me with a new view of my life and way of being in my practice. Captured in the form of my autoethnography, this serves as a new Black cultural symbolic resource. This gives documented access to my education success story. It also models my pastoral practice which now enables me to share with others, through symbolic modelling, the current best knowledge and practices underpinning my work. My study is an innovative use of inner experiences for Black professional advancement from blocked traumatic memories. It provides a new model within the field of practical theology, by which others might see a theology by heart beyond the usage of text for professional development. My inquiry makes me more transparent and a better role model for student and colleagues.
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LeRoux-Rutledge, Emily. "Public narratives as symbolic resources for gender and development : a case study of women and community radio in South Sudan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3548/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis seeks to understand how public narratives about women facilitate and constrain the achievement of gender and development goals, using South Sudan as a case study. The international community is committed to achieving gender and development goals such as women’s empowerment, education and employment. The gender and development literature suggests that realising such goals requires understanding local cultural contexts. In particular, the literature often views traditional elements of local cultural context as obstacles (although some critical scholars question the idea of a traditional-modern binary). The gender and development literature has conceptualised local cultural context in various ways but has rarely considered public narratives about women – shared narratives larger than the single individual – which frame possibilities for action. Public narratives allow for a comprehensive understanding of culture and account for its temporality. Drawing on focus groups, interviews and radio programmes from rural South Sudan – a country where there is still much to achieve in gender and development terms – this thesis first examines what public narratives about women exist in rural South Sudan and how women use them in their lives. To examine the ways in which they facilitate and constrain the achievement of gender and development goals, it then looks at their use in two symbolic sites: the content broadcast on NGO-funded community radio and the community discussions engendered by such content. Thirteen public narratives about women are identified, which the South Sudanese themselves describe as either “modern” or “traditional”, and which women draw on to deal with a range of life concerns. Interestingly, on community radio, both modern and traditional narratives are used to argue for gender and development goals. Similarly, in discussions among community members, those who argue for gender and development goals use both modern and traditional narratives, while those who argue against use only traditional narratives. These findings suggest that a public narrative approach is well suited to illuminate the complexities and contradictions of local cultural context; they also suggest that a traditional-modern dichotomy should be taken seriously, as it can have meaning for people in certain places. Finally, they show that traditional elements of local cultural context do not necessarily constitute barriers to the achievement of gender and development goals. Rather, they can be used to reimagine gender and development goals in ways that are locally and culturally relevant.
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Brandriet, Alexandra R. "Investigating Students' Understandings of the Symbolic, Macroscopic, and Particulate Domains of Oxidation-Reduction and the Development of the Redox Concept Inventory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1403694253.
Texte intégral
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Öhman, Ann. "Profession on the move : Changing conditions and gendered development in physiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7519.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Physiotherapy in Sweden has developed from a practical, hands-on, assistant job predominantly taught at college level to a university-based academic discipline emphasising evidence-based practice and research. Women are in majority although an increasing number of men have entered the profession. Women and men physiotherapists tend to undertake different career paths. The overall aim of the present thesis was to use a gender perspective to describe and analyse attitudes to the professional role, health care work and the development of the profession among actors engaged in physiotherapy education. A questionnaire was distributed in 1997 to all Swedish physiotherapy students in the second semester of the education (n=273). The same cohort was investigated in 1999 at the completion of the education. The response rate was 93 percent at both occasions. For an international comparison, the same questionnaire was distributed in 1997 and in 1999 to a group of Canadian physiotherapy students in their first and last semesters (n=60). Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 8 novices in physiotherapy and with 14 women educators in academia. Five focus group discussions with clinical supervisors were conducted (10 women and 5 men). Methods used were Grounded theory, factor analysis, logistic regression and path analysis. Feminist theories and Bourdieu's theory of culture constituted a theoretical framework Four ideal types were identified among the novices representing attitudes to the professional role. The Treater and The Supervisor were attitudes found among the women, whereas The Coach and The Entrepreneur were attitudes among the men. Type of health care facility was important for their positioning in the organisational hierarchy. Swedish students favour future employment in private practice. Sports medicine clinics and fitness centres are health care facilities highly endorsed, as is health promotion. Neither care of elderly nor hospital work are preferable fields of practice. Research is not favoured. Men students are more likely to have chosen the profession because of their interest in physical activity and sports. They are also more likely to prefer owning a private clinic and working with alternative approaches such as fitness training in sports medicine clinics. Women students are more likely to prefer an employment in private practice. The Canadian men students favour private practice whereas the women prefer the public sector of health care. The academic educators experience a gap between theory and practice which causes conflicting messages to students. Competing professions, emergent societal change and a conservative clinical practice constitute threats to the profession. The uniqueness of professional competency, theoretical development and new arenas such as home rehabilitation, consulting and research constitute a vision for future development of the profession. Masculinity is highly valued for status and power whereas femininity symbolises empathy and caring. The clinical supervisors update their theoretical knowledge base through supervision of students, but claim that students lack hands-on skills. Stress at work, unequal power relations in the hierarchy and restructuring of health care are factors that influence work satisfaction negatively. To conclude, gendered habitus, different symbolic capital and different attitudes towards health care work and development of the profession were found in the sub-fields of physiotherapy.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Smart, Angela. "Undergraduate Students’ Connections Between the Embodied, Symbolic, and Formal Mathematical Worlds of Limits and Derivatives: A Qualitative Study Using Tall’s Three Worlds of Mathematics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24247.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Calculus at the university level is taken by thousands of undergraduate students each year. However, a significant number of students struggle with the subject, resulting in poor problem solving, low achievement, and high failure rates in the calculus courses overall (e.g., Kaput, 1994; Szydlik, 2000; Tall, 1985; Tall & Ramos, 2004; White & Mitchelmore, 1996). This is cause for concern as the lack of success in university calculus creates further barriers for students who require the course for their programs of study. This study examines this issue from the perspective of Tall’s Three Worlds of Mathematics (Tall, 2004a, 2004b, 2008), a theory of mathematics and mathematical cognitive development. A fundamental argument of Tall’s theory suggests that connecting between the different mathematical worlds, named the Embodied-Conceptual, Symbolic-Proceptual, and Formal-Axiomatic worlds, is essential for full cognitive development and understanding of mathematical concepts. Working from this perspective, this research examined, through the use of calculus task questions and semi-structured interviews, how fifteen undergraduate calculus students made connections between the different mathematical worlds for the calculus topics of limits and derivatives. The analysis of the findings suggests that how the students make connections can be described by eight different Response Categories. The study also found that how the participants made connections between mathematical worlds might be influenced by the type of questions that are asked and their experience in calculus courses. I infer that these Response Categories have significance for this study and offer potential for further study and educational practice. I conclude by identifying areas of further research in regards to calculus achievement, the Response Categories, and other findings such as a more detailed study of the influence of experience.
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Nasi, Maria Teresa Corbucci Caldeira. "Representação da imagem do medo em crianças de 6 a 11 anos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19099.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-03<br>The aim of this work is to study how fear evolves through development on 6 to 11 years old children from an Analytical Psychology theoretical perspective. This work surveys the symbols generated by the psyche of children on the different expressions of fear. The participants were 198 children from schools located in the city of São Paulo. The instrument used in the data collection was a drawing, requested to the children with the question: "What makes you feel fear?". Upon receipt of the drawing, the following question was made: "What did you draw and why does it make you feel fear?". The drawings were studied with respect to the children's development, gender, age, social environment and type of school (public or private). This work is characterized as a survey of a quantitative nature, out of which three distinct classes for analysis were established: Creatures and Real Situations, Fantastic and Supernatural Creatures and Imaginary and Future Projections. The collected data were subject to a symbolic analysis through Jung´s symbolic amplification constructive method. Results indicate that fears appear on a distinct manner, varying according to gender, age and type of school. In the classes Creatures and Real Situations and Fantastic and Supernatural Creatures, a decrease in the number of drawings was observed according to the respective age. However, in the Imaginary and Future Projections class, children increase the number of drawings<br>Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como o medo evolui com o desenvolvimento em crianças de 6 a 11 anos, sob o enfoque teórico da Psicologia Analítica. Pesquisa-se quais os símbolos produzidos pela psique das crianças nas diferentes manifestações do medo. Os participantes foram 198 crianças de escolas do município de São Paulo. O instrumento utilizado na coleta de dados foi um desenho, pedido às crianças, acompanhado da pergunta: "O que dá medo para você?" Na entrega do desenho, foi perguntado: "O que você desenhou e por que isso causa medo?" Os desenhos das crianças foram estudados em relação a seu desenvolvimento, gênero, idade, ambiente social e o tipo de escola (pública ou particular). A pesquisa caracterizou-se como uma investigação de ordem quantitativa, a partir da qual foram estabelecidas três categorias para análise: Seres e Situações Concretas, Seres Fantásticos e Sobrenaturais e Imaginário e Projeções do Futuro. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise simbólica por meio do método construtivo de amplificação simbólica de Jung. Os resultados indicaram que os medos apareceram de maneira distinta, variando de acordo com o gênero, idade e tipo de escola. Nas categorias Seres e Situações Concretas e Seres Fantásticos e Sobrenaturais, observou-se que houve uma diminuição do número de desenhos de acordo com a idade. Porém, na categoria Imaginário e Projeções do Futuro, as crianças aumentam a produção dos desenhos
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Fox, Robyn-Louise. "The role and contribution of the Queensland public sector employed nurse educator : a grounded theory study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66867/1/Robyn_Fox_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis applied a grounded theory methodology to generate a theoretical understanding of the challenging and ambiguous dimensions of the contemporary role of the public-sector nurse educator within Australia. New knowledge provides a useful structure to examine nurse educator support and mechanisms to foster constructive workplace learning, collaborative relationships and effective contributions to better health care.
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Zambonin, Giuliano. "Development of Machine Learning-based technologies for major appliances: soft sensing for drying technology applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425771.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis, Machine Learning techniques for the improvements in the performance of household major appliances are described. In particular, the focus is on drying technologies and domestic dryers are the machines of interest selected as case studies. Statistical models called Soft Sensors have been developed to provide estimates of quantities that are costly/time-consuming to measure in our applications using data that were available for other purposes.
The work has been developed as industrially driven research activity in collaborations with Electrolux Italia S.p.a. R&D department located in Porcia, Pordenone, Italy. During the thesis, practical aspects of the implementation of the proposed approaches in a real industrial environment as well as topics related to collaborations between industry and academies are specified.
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Matsdotter, Madelene. "Enastående ensamstående? : Valet att bli solomamma med IVF-teknologi." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sveriges Riksdag beslöt våren 2012 att även ensamstående kvinnor ska få tillgång till assisterad befruktning i Sverige. Hittills, och än så länge, har ensamstående kvinnor rest utomlands för att fertilitetsbehandlas. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur solomammor (kvinnor som valt att skaffa barn som ensamstående) resonerat och resonerar kring sitt val, samt hur de ser på faderskapsprocessen och den kommande lagändringen. Deltagare söktes via en förenings Internetsajt, där medlemmarna alla är frivilligt ensamstående mammor. Fem solomammor berättade om sina resonemang i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sedan kategoriserades, kodades och tematiserades materialet, och analyserades med hjälp av symbolisk interaktionism, värderingsförändringar och samhällsutveckling. Resultaten visar bland annat att respondenterna verkligen tänkt igenom sitt beslut att bilda familj som ensamstående förälder. De ser främst ser lagändringen som symboliskt viktig, då deras familjeform i och med denna erkänns av samhället. Respondenterna tror att donatorbrist och åldersgränser i Sverige kommer att medföra att ensamstående kvinnor även fortsättningsvis reser utomlands för assisterad befruktning. De negativa åsikter som kommit fram rör sjukvårdskontakter i Sverige och hur en del ensamstående mammor blivit bemötta av socialtjänsthandläggare. Faderskapsprocessen skulle kunna bli mer rättssäker om tydliga, nationella regler utfärdades även för faderskapsutredningar som rör donatorbarn.<br>The Swedish Riksdag decided in the spring of 2012 that single women also should have access to assisted reproduction in Sweden. Up until now, and so far, single women have travelled abroad for fertility treatment. The purpose of this study has been to explore how solo mothers (women who have chosen to obtain children as a single parent) reasoned and reason about this choice, and how they view the paternity process and the upcoming legislative changes. Participants were sought through an Internet site for an association where all members are single mothers by choice. Five solo mothers talked about their reasoning in semi-structured interviews. The material was then categorized, coded and thematized, and analyzed by using symbolic interactionism, changes in values and the development of society. The results show that the respondents really thought through their decision to found a family as a single parent. They see the legislative changes mainly as symbolically important, as their form of the family will be recognized by society. They believe that the lack of donors and the age limitations in Sweden will result in that single women continues to travel abroad for assisted reproduction technology. The negative opinions that have emerged during interviews are related to health care contacts in Sweden and how some single mothers have been treated by social service caseworkers. The paternity process could become more legally secure if clear, national regulations were issued also for the paternity process regarding donor children.
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Putilina, Zorina Aljona. "Technology and infrastructure co-creation from the bottom-up : Institutional, sociomaterial, improvisational and symbolic accounts from the field : The case of grassroots internet infrastructure development in Belarus." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESEC0001/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse est une investigation multi-perspective du phénomène des innovations crées par les utilisateurs finaux. Elle est focalisée sur les procès des innovations et de co-création des technologies venu du niveau des utilisateurs finaux, c’est-à-dire sur les procès qui sont appelé dans des publications anglophones ‘grassroots technologies’. Nous considérons comment ces développements se plongent dans le contexte des complications d’environnent et de ses interactions avec des acteurs déjà en jeu, i.e. institutes et des infrastructures déjà existants. Notre recherche est fondée sur le développement d’une infrastructure d’Internet, évoluant pendant 16 ans, dont est élaboré par des particuliers comme alternative à l’inaction du gouvernement et des fournisseurs d’Internet. Le phénomène a réuni millions des utilisateurs, création des innovations et des biens publics par des particuliers, ainsi que coopération fécond avec des organismes privés. La thèse comprend trois articles de recherche, chacun prenant une perspective différente du phénomène. Du point de vu de la méthodologie, ce travail est appuie sur l’approche avec les études qualitatives des cas et les raisonnements abductifs et inductifs. La thèse fournit contributions théoriques et pratiques pour compréhensions des conditions préalables, procès et conséquences des innovations par des utilisateurs finaux, la coévolution du sens et de la structure de la technologie, lien entre le niveau des innovations par des utilisateurs finaux et l’industrie, ainsi que le changement en routines et technologies quand ces dernières sont plongés dans l’ambiance de la dynamique institutionnelle et des complexités<br>This dissertation is a multi-perspective inquiry into the phenomenon of grassroots end-user innovation. It focuses on the processes of end-user innovation and technology co-creation and investigates how these developments are embedded in the context of environmental complexities and the interplay of existing actors, institutions and infrastructures. The research setting is based on the 16-year Internet infrastructure development by residential citizens as an alternative to the government and private providers’ inaction. The phenomenon included millions of users, innovations and public value creation from the grassroots, and successful cooperation with private organizations. The dissertation mainly comprises three research papers each taking a separate perspective on the phenomenon. Methodologically, the dissertation builds on the qualitative case-study approach and abductive and inductive reasonings. The dissertation provides theoretical and practical contributions to the understanding prerequisites, process and consequences of end-user innovation, co-evolution of the technology meaning and structure, grassroots links with industry, as well as organizational change in routines and technologies as embedded in larger institutional dynamics and complexities
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Sandström, Johan. "Organizational approaches to greening : technocentrism and beyond." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65798.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How and why do organizations approach greening? How can we conceptualize approaches and how can we encourage reflexive dialogues on them? These are the main questions addressed in this qualitative study on organizational greening. The study sets off by discussing matters of research philosophy, arguing that our trust in science ought to be revised and that a more postmodern and constructionist philosophy might be a way to go. This is then followed by a theoretical review, showing that organizational studies have a history in environmental issues, but that it is basically technocentric in orientation. A more reflexive organizational approach is suggested. The empirical part of the study is based on qualitative research of five case studies, representing a mix of organizations situated in Sweden, all with an explicit ambition to approach greening. The analyses target the organizations' approaches from practice to assumptions, pointing at the commonalities as well as the tensions. Basically, greening was an issue for all studied organizations, but an increasing pressure to market-orient their operations in line with the business rhetoric dominated their identity construction. The environment was included if there were opportunities of win-win situations between environment and economy in sight. Once embarked upon, the organizations tended to focus on technocratic practices, developing or implementing management systems, product development indexes, life-cycle methodologies and other tools. On a more philosophical level, in the study referred to as the worldview level, the approaches were predominandy characterized by a representative epistemology and a dualistic ontology, that is, they were clearly anthropocentric. With a base in these findings, an alternative approach is discussed as a way out, or as a way of constructing a reflexive dialogue on greening. This is partly based on the tensions within and between the cases, which encouraged reflections on how greening was approached. In the alternative, organizations are seen as actors on a symbolic agora where transparency, participation and self-reflexivity are keys to organizational legitimacy. This view frames organizations in the dominating approach as agoraphobic producers of materialistically dependent satisfiers. The alternative also targets the limits of a preference and materialistically oriented view on die satisfaction of human needs. Instead, it is argued that environmental and cultural sensitivity should be acknowledged as natural parts of organizational greening. This, however, demands more room for reflexive dialogues encouraging ontological awareness and a respect for more ecocentric views.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Freitas, Maria Luisa de Lara Uzun de. "A função simbolica como um meio para avaliação e intervenção em atendimentos psicopedagogicos : um estudo de caso." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Orly Zucatto Mantovani de Assis<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Freitas_MariaLuisadeLaraUzunde_M.pdf: 28803238 bytes, checksum: 637e161d01927b8294f7cf69d894747f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Ao fundamentar-se na teoria de Jean Piaget, este trabalho investiga o uso das
condutas de representação da função simbólica, que a criança manifesta no estágio de desenvolvimento pré-operatório, como um meio de avaliação e
intervenção em atendimentos psicopedagógicos de crianças. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, entre o período de maio de 2005 e março de 2006, com um
participante de cinco anos de idade (GIL), cujos objetivos delineados foram: propiciar a manifestação das condutas de representação da criança; verificar quais condutas de representação são manifestadas pela criança; classificar e analisar as condutas de representação quanto à estrutura e o tipo de representação; realizar a avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo e realizar intervenções visando favorecer o desencadeamento do processo de equilibração cognitiva e o
desenvolvimento afetivo da criança. Quanto aos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o material diversificado, utilizado no ambiente de atendimento, propiciou a manifestação das condutas de representação, as quais ocorreram por meio do
jogo simbólico, linguagem e desenho. As representações estruturaram-se por meio de temáticas e uso de materiais que respeitaram certa regularidade, além de se manifestaram por meio de idéias ordenadas e coerentes, que indicam uma
organização simbólica. Quanto à avaliação cognitiva, GIL demonstrou possuir as noções de espaço, tempo e causalidade condizentes com o estágio de
desenvolvimento em que se encontra. Na avaliação afetiva, verificou-se que os estados afetivos de GIL, quanto aos acontecimentos de sua vida, transpareceram por meio das condutas de representação, ao extravasar seus sentimentos e, ao mesmo tempo, ao demonstrar sua motivação, curiosidade e criatividade. Em relação às intervenções, verificou-se que as mesmas favoreceram o desencadeamento do processo de equilibração cognitiva e o desenvolvimento
afetivo de GIL. Isso pode ser observado nos resultados obtidos nas provas piagetianas de diagnóstico do comportamento operatório e em avaliações elaboradas pelos pais e pela escola de GIL<br>Abstract: Based on Jean Piaget¿s theory, this work is focused on the use of the representation conducts of the symbolic function, which a child presents in his or her preoperational stage of development, as a means to evaluate and to intervene in infants psycho-pedagogical consulting. A case study with a five years old child (hereby called GIL) was conducted between March 2005 and March 2006. The pursued objectives were: to facilitate the occurrence of the child representation conducts; to verify which representation conducts were presented by him or her; to classify and to analyze the representation conducts regarding to their structure and type of representation; to evaluate the child affective and cognitive development; and to intervene aiming at facilitating the cognitive equilibration process and the affective development arousing. Regarding to the obtained results, it could be noted that the varied material used in the attendance environment allowed the occurrence of the representation conducts, which occurred through symbolic games, language, and drawing. The presented representations were structured through themes and through the use of materials which kept a certain regularity, besides through ordered and coherent ideas, which pointed out a symbolic organization. Regarding to the cognitive evaluation, GIL organized his representations from time, space, and causality notions, presenting results which are consistent with his development stage. Concerning to GIL affective evaluation, the affective states linked to his life events were shown through the representation conducts, when demonstrating his feelings and, at the same time, when presenting motivation, curiosity, and creativity. Concerning to interventions, they facilitated GIL cognitive equilibration process and his affective development. This can be observed in the results obtained in Piagetian operational behavior diagnosis proofs, and in evaluations produced by his parents and school members<br>Mestrado<br>Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação<br>Mestre em Educação
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Kuzin, James. "Creative City and Fields of Cultural Production: Ethnographic Perspectives of “The Arts” in Tampa." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002469.
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Paavola, L. (Leila). "Maternal sensitive responsiveness, characteristics and relations to child early communicative and linguistic development." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract
The present longitudinal follow-up study had two main goals. Firstly, this study aimed to describe aspects of maternal interactive/communicative behaviour that could be considered constitutive in sensitive responsiveness. Secondly and most importantly, it aimed to find predictive relations between characteristics of mother-infant interaction around the onset of infant intentional communication and subsequent child communicative and linguistic development.
The participants were 27 Finnish-speaking mothers and their healthy first-born infants. Analyses of the amount and types of maternal and infant communicative acts as well as maternal responses to infant signals were carried out from videotaped free-play samples at the infants' age of 10 months. In addition, the CARE-Index was used to rate maternal sensitivity and infant co-operativity. At 12 months, children's communicative and linguistic skills were assessed by using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories and the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales. At 30 months, the Reynell Developmental Language Scales III was used to assess comprehensive and expressive language.
The results suggest that maternal activity in eliciting interaction and conversational interchanges is characteristic of sensitive responsiveness around the onset of infant intentionality. However, very distinctive aspects of verbal behaviour that might be constitutive in sensitive responsiveness were not found — probably as a result of considerable individual variation in all aspects of maternal as well as infant interactive/communicative behaviour that were analysed. As predictors of communicative and linguistic skills at 12 months, both maternal and infant characteristics made a significant contribution. In general, the predictive relations found were quite specific. In turn, except for the predictive validity of maternal sensitivity for comprehensive language at 30 months, later language outcomes were predicted only by children's communicative and linguistic skills at 12 months, suggesting that over time, language development becomes increasingly child-driven. Individual differences in early communicative capacities may also to some extent mask the language-facilitating effects of parenting. On the other hand, some potentially facilitating effects of parental behaviour may be elicited by the infant's well-advanced communicative skills. The importance to acknowledge transactional processes in parent-child interaction is highlighted — both in future research and clinical applications.
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Gohn, A. Janelle. "Signs of Change: The Role of Team Leadership and Culture in Science Education Reform." Connect to this document online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1083173492.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [3], x, 166 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-142).
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Barthélémy-Musso, Audrey. "Développement des détournements d'usages d'objets dans les jeux entre enfants de 3 à 7 ans." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957367.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Comment les conventions sociales se développent-elles dans les jeux entre enfants de 3 à 7 ans ? L'objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre la co-construction de significations à travers l'étude des détournements d'usages d'objets. Très peu d'études s'intéressent au développement des usages d'objets chez l'enfant après 3 ans au sein de situations sociales et communicatives. La présente thèse vise donc à combler ce vide et suppose que les compétences symboliques enfantines examinées via les usages d'objets se développent entre 3 et 7 ans.Trois études ont été réalisées avec des dyades d'enfants de 3, 4, 5 et 7 ans. Les mêmes objets sont présentés dans chaque étude. La première étude est un jeu libre, sans contrainte. La deuxième invite les enfants à faire de l'humour avec les objets. La troisième est la plus contraignante du point de vue des détournements d'usages d'objets. Les enfants doivent prétendre préparer un repas n'ayant que des objets inadéquats pour le faire. Dans le jeu libre, les principaux résultats montrent que les enfants de 3 ans sont déjà très compétents pour détourner les objets. En revanche, la création d'usages détournés humoristiques est moins élaborée à 3 et 4 ans qu'à 7 ans. Enfin, dans le jeu du repas, les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans développent des significations moins complexes que les enfants de 7 ans. Ainsi, plus le jeu est contraint, plus les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans ont des difficultés à détourner et s'accorder sur de nouvelles fonctions pour les objets. Ces résultats apportent un regard nouveau sur les relations entre conventions sociales, jeu entre pairs, usages d'objets et théorie de l'esprit dans le champ de la psychologie du développement.
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Jorge, Zilda Maria Luís Sebastião. "Contributo da Psicologia para Compreensão da Adesão ao Terrorismo: Caso de estudo do grupo Jihadista Estado Islâmico (EI)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21605.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégia<br>Os atentados de 11 de Setembro de 2011, evidenciaram uma ameaça terrorista que, não sendo nova, tornou-se mais violenta, assimétrica, global, imprevisível na acção e mediática na exploração do impácto psicológico, resultando em várias repercussões a nível mundial, impelindo os Estados a colocar o terrorismo e a segurança no centro da agenda política da sociedade internacional (Lara,2014).
O terrorismo é sentido pelo senso comum como o inimigo sem rosto e sem fronteiras. Além do espaço físico e geográfico, o terrorismo assume também formas virtuais como fonte ou via de adesão. O terrorismo já não é uma guerra com limites geográficos. Em nossa análise, entendemos ser uma guerra, acima de tudo psicológica.
O foco deste trabalho, é o homem enquanto autor de acções terroristas, uma vez que, em psicologia, as variáveis independentes compreendem o comportamento humano; diferente da Ciência Política, onde as variáveis determinantes são as instituições e estruturas políticas.
A maioria das pessoas captadas por organizações extremistas, são jovens (adolescentes e no final da vida adulta). O objectivo, é compreender aspectos motivacionais de jovens, que aderiram ao terrorismo, no período de 2014 à 2016. Com fundamentos baseados na teoria do desenvolvimento psicossocial de Erick Erickson.
Assim, dada a sensibilidade do tema apresentado e a necessidade de se compreender aspectos psicológicos, cujos dados não podem ser colectados de modo completo por outros métodos, e, devido à complexidade que encerram, baseamo-nos na Grounded Theory (análise qualitativa). A escolha da referida metodologia, é baseada nas ideias de Georg Herbert Mead, percursor da corrente Interaccionismo Simbólico, o que justifica, a Grounded Theory, como sendo uma abordagem relativamente distinta para o estudo da vida e acção humana em grupo; cujo foco, concentra-se nos processos de interacção social que ocorrem entre indivíduos ou grupos por relações simbólicas.
Admitindo que, os aspirantes ao terrorismo são pessoas mentalmente sãs, mas altamente vulneráveis.
A nossa recolha de dados, foi realizada com acesso a fontes documentais por meio de revistas, de entrevistas cedidas aos jornais e à jornalistas, narrativas e cartas. E bibliográficas (livros, periódicos, artigos cientificos, documentos monográficos e websites).<br>The attacks of September 11, 2011, showed a terrorist threat that, although not new, became more violent, asymmetrical, global, unpredictable in action and media in the exploitation of psychological impact, resulting in several repercussions worldwide, impelling States to place terrorism and security the center of the political agenda of international society (Lara, 2014).
The Terrorism is seen by many as faceless enemy, without boundaries. Besides the physical and geographical space, terrorism also assumes virtual forms as a source of adhesion. Terrorism is no longer a war with geographical boundaries; it is a above all, a war psychological.
The main focus of this research, is the man as source of terrorist actions; The unknown psychological variables, often comprise human behavior; different from political science where the determining variables are political institutions and structures.
The majority of the people that are caught up by extremist organizations are young (teenagers and late adult life). The aim of this study is to understand motivational aspects of young adherence to terrorism group, in period between 2014 and 2016. With fundamentals Erick Erickson theory supports the psychological growth of it.
The sensibility of the subject which is going to be addressed is so much so, that it needed to understand psychological aspects of the data, which cannot be fully collected by other methods, due to their complexity; Therefore, this one is based on the Grounded Theory (qualitative analysis), that tries to evaluate the motivations and the impact of adherence to terrorism.
This methodology was chosen based on the ideas from Georg Herbert Mead that defends Symbolic Interactionism that backs up the Grand Theory.As being a relatively different approach to the study of human life and group action; whose focus is concentrated on the processe of social interaction
that occurs between individuals or groups through symbolic relationships. Admitting that aspirants to terrorism are mentally healthy people, but highly vulnerable.
Our data collection was carried out with access to documentary sources through magazines, interviews given to newspapers and journalists, narratives and letters. And bibliographic (books, periodicals, scientific articles, monographic documents and websites).<br>N/A
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Campbell, Megan. "Repetitive symbolic play as a therapeutic process." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002453.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Child centred play therapy theory explains that the facilitative environment of the relationship between child and play therapist allows the child the opportunity to confront emotional pain imbedded in lived, relational experiences, and in so doing process and gain mastery over it. However very little research exists into how the child, through his use of repetitive, symbolic play, as a therapeutic process, achieves this resolution. This research project aims to address this gap in research by exploring and describing repetitive symbolic play as a therapeutic process within child centred play therapy that facilitates change in the child‟s sense of self, assisting him towards healthy adjustment. The research project uses a young boys‟ therapeutic process as a case study, employing a qualitative research design that draws from interpretative research. Fourteen repetitive play sequence themes were analysed within the context of the case formulation and follow-up feedback meetings that took place throughout the therapy process. Using a hermeneutic enquiry the researcher illustrates how the child‟s sense of self, dependent on his perceptions of his external environment, became far more congruent, as evident through his behaviour, when his environment, first in play therapy, then at home and at school became more consistent, supportive and nurturing. Within this facilitative environment the researcher then describes how the child used repetitive symbolic play to address and process emotional issues relating to earlier experiences within his external environment. Hermeneutic analysis suggests that the child‟s use of repetitive symbolic play within the facilitative relationship between him and his therapist became a therapeutic process in and of itself that contributed towards self-directed healing, and change within his sense of self, that promoted healthier adjustment within his environment.
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Дмитренко, М. И. "Формирование знаково-символического поля личности в контексте экономического развития государства". Thesis, Украинская академия банковского дела Национального банка Украины, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63691.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Активной и действующей силой делового общения как особого вида
социального взаимодействия выступает личность. В настоящее время
социально-философскую интерпретацию делового общения в рыночных
условиях необходимо вести через призму соотношения личностного мира с
изменяющимися структурами социального бытия и наоборот.
В деловом общении знаково-символическое обозначение социальных
параметров личности многообразно. В нем личность в большей степени, чем
в другом социальном измерении, являет собой устойчивую систему условных
обозначений знаково-символического характера. Эта система и выступает
основным механизмом позиционирования личности в деловом общении.
Человек принужден осуществляться как личность в том плане, что ему
следует окружить себя тем набором обозначений, который заставляет
воспринимать его окружающими людьми таким, каким ему предписано быть.
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DE, FABRITIIS PAOLA. "Lo sviluppo della flessibilità rappresentazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/36599.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Representational flexibility is usually assessed in the graphic domain by whether children can innovate canonical drawings. According to the Karmiloff-Smith’s RR Model (RRM 1990), flexibility is acquired with a marked discontinuity at 8-9 years, when routine drawings are overcome once and for all. RRM, though, is inherently recursive, implying that innovation entertains a continuous trade-off with graphic conservatism along development. In this regard, a less recent model by van Sommers (1984) suggests that pictorial conservatism coexist with flexibility, even in adulthood, and that continuity models fit better flexibility development. This study aims at comparing the two models and their ability to predict the relationship between conservatism and flexibility during development. 75 children (5, 7, 9, 11 year-olds) and 20 adults were asked to draw two similar and two different houses (administration order balanced across the sample). Drawings were coded with a 5 point scale for 6 aspects (e.g. house’s structure and details). Results show that linear trends fit flexibility development in all aspects. Adults draw canonical houses more than older children, although score highly in the differentiation task. Results suggest that flexibility coexist with some conservatism even in adults, lending support to van Sommers’s model, in these regards.