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Lankes, R. David. « Le rôle des collections dans les bibliothèques : c’est compliqué1 ». Documentation et bibliothèques 70, no 4 (2024) : 5–11. https://doi.org/10.7202/1114880ar.
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Dans le travail des bibliothécaires, la gestion des collections est secondaire comparativement à l’importance de la communauté. Cela ne veut pas dire que les collections n’ont pas de valeur. Ce sont plutôt les changements dans la communauté d’une bibliothèque (par la politique, l’économie) qui auront des effets plus importants sur le développement des collections. Pour anticiper ces changements, ou du moins s’y adapter, il faut cesser de considérer les collections et l’environnement comme compliqués, les traiter plutôt comme un Système Complexe Adaptatif.
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Karemere, H., F. Molima, M. Mulohwe, C. de Clippele et J. Macq. « Un regard sur la gouvernance de l’hôpital de Katana en tant que système adaptatif complexe ». Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 60 (septembre 2012) : S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2012.06.342.
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Álvarez-Peredo, Carolina, et Armando Contreras-Hernández. « Nuevos paradigmas en la gestión de esquemas de conservación en México ». Regions and Cohesion 13, no 2 (1 juin 2023) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2023.130202.
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Abstract In 1997 Mexico implemented the Management Units for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wildlife (UMA by its initials in Spanish) scheme. However, socio-environmental problems and the lack of a multidisciplinary approach prevented it from offering sustainable solutions. Taxonomic and functional diversity in UMAs and their interactions are essential for the preservation of biodiversity and the processes that maintain their ecosystemic integrity. Ecological benefits are insufficient without a multidisciplinary vision. This article addresses a proposal for the management of UMAs and other conservation schemes with three objectives: (1) to include the “socio-ecological system” approach; (2) the recognition of their complexity; and (3) the epistemological transition from ecosystem integrity to antifragility. UMAs constitute integral socio-ecological systems that manage wildlife and habitat as a complex adaptive system precursor to ecosystem antifragility. Resumen En 1997 México implementó el esquema de Unidades de Manejo para la Conservación y Aprovechamiento Sustentable de la Vida Silvestre (UMA). Empero, problemáticas socioambientales y la falta de un enfoque multidisciplinario impidieron ofrecer soluciones sustentables. La diversidad taxonómica y funcional en UMA y sus interacciones son imprescindibles en la preservación de la biodiversidad y los procesos que mantienen su integridad ecosistémica. Los beneficios ecológicos resultan insuficientes sin una visión multidisciplinaria. Este artículo aborda una propuesta de gestión de UMA y otros esquemas de conservación en tres objetivos: (1) enfoque de “sistema socioecológico”, (2) reconocimiento de su complejidad, (3) transición epistemológica de integridad a antifragilidad ecosistémica. Las UMA constituyen sistemas socioecológicos integrales que manejan la vida silvestre y el hábitat como un sistema adaptativo complejo precursor de antifragilidad ecosistémica. RésuméEn 1997, le Mexique a mis en œuvre un schéma d'Unités de Gestion pour la Conservation et Usage Durable de la Vie Sauvage (UMA en espagnol). Cependant, des problématiques socio-environnementales et le manque de perspective pluridisciplinaire ont empêché d'offrir des solutions durables. La diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle des UMA et leurs interactions sont essentielles à la préservation de la biodiversité et des processus qui maintiennent l'intégrité de leurs écosystèmes. Les bénéfices écologiques qui en résultent sont insuffisants en l'absence une vision pluridisciplinaire. Ce travail aborde une proposition de gestion d'UMA et d'autres schémas de conservation à travers trois objectifs : 1) une perspective de « système socio-écologique » ; 2) la reconnaissance de leur complexité ; 3) une transition épistémologique de l'intégrité à l'anti fragilité écosystémique. Les UMA constituent des systèmes socio-écologiques intégraux qui gèrent la vie sauvage et l'habitat en tant que système adaptatif complexe précurseur d'une anti fragilité systémique.
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Andriamisa-Ramihone, Amédée Marie. « Les avatars processuels de la pensée systémique transitionnelle vers un système résilient et agile ». Acta Europeana Systemica 9 (7 juillet 2020) : 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v9i1.56103.
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État et situation d’un système postérieurs à un choc, à un traumatisme, la transition « évoque l’idée d’un passage, d’un état à un autre, d’une position à une autre, que ce passage s’effectue graduellement, progressivement et enfin qu’il se passe quelque chose dans l’entre-deux ». C’est un processus qui engendre une interaction continue entre le processus amont et le processus aval, suivant la définition même du processus.À ce titre, elle établit la liaison entre le choc qui a initié le processus de résistance et le processus de résilience. Le changement qui en résulte affecte la durabilité du « système télescopé et traumatisé (STT) ».C’est à partir de ces divers éléments de définition que les enjeux et les conditions de vie (ou de sur-vie) de la transition sont précisés à l’aide de différents exemples et modèles en lien avec la systémique et ses applications dans le domaine du changement.Forgeant un système dynamique complexe, non-linéaire et chaotique, la transition avec la résilience (réactive et pro-active) induit le changement qui à son tour crée l’incertitude. Une adaptation s’impose pour comprendre le futur qui vient et qui est imprédictible dans un monde VICA ! Le processus du changement en U semble univoque et traduit paradoxalement une voie toute tracée, ce qui n’est pas le cas du processus en Wn ou en L ! Loi de Murphy oblige !La pensée systémique semble se présenter en panacée de par la durabilité des systèmes complexes, mais un concept plus fécond lui vient en aide, suivant la dialogique morinienne pour y adjoindre le concept de « système résilient et agile » ; marquant le passage de STT à SRA !Telle est la conviction de cet article qui essaie d’innover dans le domaine de la science politique, notamment en politiques publiques elles-mêmes systèmes complexes...
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AMON, G., G. LIENARD, J. C. DELATTRE et E. HEROGUELLE. « Production laitière intensive dans le Pas-de-Calais. Fonctionnement, adaptation aux quotas et résultats techniques et économiques de 22 exploitations sur 6 campagnes ». INRAE Productions Animales 6, no 2 (28 février 1993) : 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1993.6.2.4193.
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La présence de l’élevage dans les exploitations des plaines céréalières intensifiables est source de complémentarités économiques et agronomiques dont on perçoit mieux l’intérêt aujourd’hui, alors que ces systèmes diversifiés ont fait place à d’autres plus spécialisés aboutissant à la séparation des deux secteurs, élevage et cultures de vente. L’étude analyse les résultats et l’évolution sur six ans d’un échantillon d’exploitations laitières du Pas-de-Calais, pratiquant un système lait-cultures à hautes performances. L’instauration des quotas en 1984 (première année d’observation) a modifié profondément le développement des exploitations qui, à l’occasion d’agrandissements ont rediversifié leur système par augmentation des cultures de vente tout en poursuivant l’augmentation des performances laitières (7000 litres par vache de moyenne économique avec 1300 kg d’aliments concentrés, et plus de 15000 litres par ha SFP, en 1989/90). Quatre profils d’exploitations ont été identifiés, différant par les structures, l’équilibre entre lait et cultures, et les performances réalisées, celles obtenues pour le lait allant souvent de pair avec celles des cultures. Les trajectoires d’évolution ont différé selon les possibilités d’obtention de quotas supplémentaires ou d’agrandissement. Les plus grandes ont diversifié le plus leurs cultures sans le faire au détriment des performances de troupeau. Par leur équilibre, leur niveau de performance, la compétence des agriculteurs, ces exploitations lait-cultures sont parmi les mieux armées pour affronter les contraintes économiques de l’avenir notamment les conséquences de la réforme de la PAC, tout en respectant mieux l’environnement. Mais ces sytèmes complexes exigent beaucoup de capitaux, dont il faut assurer la transmission d’une génération à l’autre, et ils exigent un collectif de travail de plus d’une personne.
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Khodorkovskyi, Oleksandr. « METHODS OF TRAINING AND ADAPTATION OF AI AGENTS IN COMPLEX PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS ». American Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no 11 (1 novembre 2024) : 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume06issue11-06.
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The article presents a study of modern methods of training and adaptation of artificial agents used in managing complex processes, which are characterized by a high level of uncertainty and the need for prompt response to changes. Key methodological approaches such as machine learning and neuroevolution are discussed. These approaches allow AI agents to accumulate knowledge about the behavior of systems continuously, analyze external changes, and adjust the management strategy depending on environmental conditions, which significantly increases their ability to predict and prevent possible failures in management. In the course of the study, models were considered that allow automating the execution of complex, multitasking processes, minimizing human intervention, and reducing the likelihood of errors. In addition, the presented methods provide high flexibility and scalability of systems, which is especially important in industrial and technological industries, where stability and reliability are critical. The results showed that AI agents with adaptive learning capabilities can increase operational efficiency while reducing costs and optimizing resource use. The conclusion highlights the prospects of using artificial intelligence to build highly autonomous control systems capable of responding to dynamic challenges, which opens up new horizons for automation and intellectual support in industrial production, logistics, and other key areas. Thus, the article makes a significant contribution to understanding the role of AI in management modernization, offering practical recommendations on the implementation of intelligent agents in real-world scenarios to increase productivity and sustainability.
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Stotz, Quinton, et Walcir Cardoso. « Applying Complex Dynamic Systems Theory to Identify Dynamic Properties of Plurilingual Repertoires ». TESL Canada Journal 38, no 2 (10 mars 2022) : 140–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v38i2.1360.
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Language repertoires have been traditionally construed as a set of chronologically determined compartments (first language, second language, etc.), a scheme which upholds several validity and ethical issues when operationalized in research and education (Ortega, 2019). Complex dynamic systems theory (also complexity theory, here CDST) has been hailed as one solution moving forward, but its applicability to plurilingual settings requires further testing. This exploratory study contributes by examining whether inherent properties of complex dynamic systems manifest in the perceptions that plurilinguals have as their language systems change over time. Using retrodictive qualitative modelling (Dörnyei, 2014), this study discerned the developmental trajectory of changing language systems by working backwards through data collected during an observation window. Over a 3-month period, three plurilingual individuals assessed their language systems through weekly surveys and participated in open-ended interviews. A three-stage phenomenological analysis evaluated the data against CDST’s theoretical prism to identify five CDST properties (attractor states, phase shifts, co-adaptation, self-organization, and emergence) in the participants’ perceptions of their changing repertoires. Results indicate that plurilingual repertoires exhibit the aforementioned dynamics, although evidence for emergence was less certain. Importantly, this study shows that CDST dynamics are discernible in an individual’s perception of their language development over time.
Les répertoires langagiers se comprennent traditionnellement comme un ensemble de compartiments déterminés chronologiquement (première langue, deuxième langue, etc.), un mécanisme qui maintient plusieurs problèmes de validité et d’éthique quand il est opérationnalisé dans la recherche et l’enseignement (Ortega, 2019). La théorie des systèmes dynamiques complexes (également appelée théorie de la complexité, ici TSDC) a été acclamée comme une solution pour avancer, mais son applicabilité à des contextes plurilingues devra être testée davantage. L’étude exploratoire suivante apporte sa contribution en examinant le fait de savoir si les propriétés inhérentes aux systèmes dynamiques complexes se manifestent dans les perceptions que les plurilingues ont de leurs systèmes au fur et à mesure que leurs systèmes de langue changent avec le temps. En se servant de la modélisation de la rétrodiction qualitative (Dörnyei, 2014), cette étude discerne la trajectoire de développement de systèmes langagiers changeants en travaillant à l’envers par le biais de données recueillies pendant une fenêtre d’observation. Pendant une période de trois mois, trois personnes plurilingues ont évalué leurs systèmes langagiers au moyen de sondages hebdomadaires et ont participé à des entrevues ouvertes. Une analyse phénoménologique en trois étapes a évalué les données par rapport au prisme théorique de la TSDC afin d’identifier cinq propriétés de la TSDC (l’état d’attractivité, les changements de phases, la co-adaptation, l’auto-organisation et l’émergence) dans la perception que les participants avaient de leurs répertoires changeants. Les résultats indiquent que les répertoires plurilingues démontrent les dynamiques susmentionnées, bien que les preuves de l’émergence soient moins certaines. De façon importante, cette étude montre que les dynamiques de la TSDC sont discernables dans la perception que chaque personne se fait du développement de leur langue avec le temps.
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Aparicio-Valdez, Luis. « La gestion empresarial en latinoamérica y su impacto en las relaciones laborales ». Articles 44, no 1 (12 avril 2005) : 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050476ar.
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Les relations du travail en Amérique Latine se caractérisent par la présence traditionnelle d'un autoritarisme étatique qui se manifeste par une intervention continuelle, une législation abondante et parfois contradictoire, ainsi que par un conflit permanent. Tout cela dans un cadre social hétérogène dans lequel les relations du travail ont depuis peu cesse d'être atomisé pour se centraliser dans les branches industrielles. Ces caractéristiques normalisent toujours les relations du travail en Amérique Latine, mais leur poids diminue chaque fois que de nouveaux facteurs, tant internes qu'externes, entrent en jeu. Les nouvelles tendances, encore embryonnaires, amplifient le caractère extra juridique de la relation employeur-travailleur, de même que l'autonomie des acteurs immédiats en relations du travail, ainsi que la faible présence d'une optique coopérative et participative. La gestion patronale a joué un rôle principal dans cette évolution, particulièrement dans les domaines nouveaux, là où l'absence de tradition a facilité l'innovation. Les multinationales et le secteur d'exportations non traditionnel constituent les meilleurs exemples. Ce résumé a pour objet de présenter ces nouvelles tendances, d'identifier les facteurs internes et externes qui les ont générés, ainsi que d'offrir une base de comparaison pour faciliter une évolution globale de l'état des relations du travail au niveau international. Facteurs internes : La gestion patronale actuelle en Amérique Latine montre qu'il y a une crise complexe chez les protagonistes des relations du travail, c'est-à-dire les travailleurs, les employeurs et l'État. D'un cote, l'augmentation inusitée des grèves locales et nationales, le caractère « illégal » de la majorité des grèves locales dues à l'échec de la négociation collective, ou encore, leur emploi comme outil de solution des conflits, et enfin, l'importante complexité des demandes constituent les principaux problèmes. La source immédiate de ceux-ci est syndicale, alors que les causes plus profondes se rencontrent, pour la majorité, en dehors du contrôle des acteurs. À cause de cette distanciation, les relations se polarisent chaque fois plus. Les relations du travail doivent ainsi en venir à se rencontrer devant un tiers, l'État, qui lui aussi, devient chaque fois plus décisif. De l'autre cote, le maintien, l'accroissement ou le changement fréquent des lois du travail ainsi que la partialité des gouvernements en place soit avec les employeurs ou les travailleurs, reflètent la continuité ou l'augmentation de l'interventionnisme étatique dans la détérioration des relations entre les parties. Les réajustements périodiques des salaires selon les changements au cout de la vie dus à l'inflation, par exemple, exigent des employeurs qu'ils réajustent subséquemment leurs politiques salariales et leurs couts divers. Les changements dans la législation imposent une adaptation de la part des employeurs. En général, l'important interventionnisme étatique ainsi que le réglementarisme limitent de manière irrationnelle le mouvement autonome des relations du travail. Cependant, autant les employeurs que les travailleurs ont exercé, ces dernières années, une force extraordinaire tendant à changer, en leur faveur, le schéma et les règles qui gouvernent les relations du travail. Tous deux ont influencé le processus politique afin de limiter le déterminisme étatique dans les deux secteurs de la propriété, publique et privée, mais aussi dans le but de forcer la réconciliation avec leur acteur rival et ceci, en accord avec la logique de leurs propres intérêts. Le solde net de ce changement a été une relative ouverture du système traditionnel des relations du travail vers des formes nouvelles de relations, comme le système d'administration des ressources humaines, la concertation sociale, la négociation par branche industrielle et la transformation du régime du travail dans le secteur public, particulièrement dans les entreprises de l'État. Facteurs externes : La crise économique que vivent pratiquement tous les pays de cette région, l'accroissement disproportionne de l'offre de travail et de ses accompagnateurs naturels comme le chômage et le travail au noir, l'intervention excessive de l'État dans l'économie, de même que son centralisme, et le défi de la concurrence internationale basé sur l'internationalisation des facteurs de production sont les changements contextuels qui ont eu un impact majeur dans les relations du travail en Amérique Latine. Ceux-ci ont exercé une influence variable aussi bien sur les facteurs internes mentionnes plus haut que sur les relations du travail elles-mêmes, de façon directe. La gestion patronale a répondu à ces divers facteurs avec une grande variété de critères et d'actions. Une des réponses a été l'adoption de systèmes d'administration du personnel en remplacement du système de relations du travail. Même si cette pratique est naissante, son développement rapide, et ceci dans les secteurs les pins modernes et les plus rentables (les multinationales en constituent l'avant-garde), lui a concédée une importance majeure ces dernières années. Le système d'administration des ressources humaines est un concept radicalement différent de celui du système traditionnel des relations du travail. Alors que le premier est centre sur la relation individuelle employeur-travailleur, le second l'est sur la relation collective employeur-syndicat. L'expérience latino-américaine montre que la tendance actuelle va vers la superposition des systèmes. Les entreprises qui furent organisées sous le système traditionnel de relations du travail continuent dans cette direction, alors que les nouvelles entreprises, particulièrement celles qui participent aux secteurs les plus modernes de l'économie, ont l'option d'essayer un ou l'autre des systèmes, ou encore l'intégration des deux. Dans le cas où le système de l'administration des ressources humaines est adopte, le raisonnement logique est de donner fréquemment des avantages non économiques aux travailleurs, afin qu'ils ne voient pas la nécessité de recourir à la syndicalisation, ou encore, dans le but de diminuer les sources de conflit. Trois types de stratégies ont été pratiques dans divers pays : a) la création d'associations professionnelles dans le champ des ressources humaines et de l'administration du personnel, avec pour objectif d'améliorer le recrutement et la promotion dans l'emploi; b) la création et le développement de mécanismes destines à motiver les travailleurs, comme les cercles de qualité, les comités mixtes travailleurs-direction de l'entreprise et les programmes d'incitation non pécuniaires; c) l'ouverture d'alternatives participatives, aussi bien dans la gestion (cogestion, cogouvernement ou codétermination), que dans les bénéfices et la propriété de l'entreprise. Cette dernière stratégie a généralement été exécutée dans des conditions de faible stabilité du travail et de faible influence de la négociation collective. La motivation du travailleur a été le centre d'attention de divers programmes crées sous l'initiative de l'employeur. Les cercles de qualité sont les plus répandus en Amérique Latine, mais des comités de productivité, des programmes de préretraite et des clubs sociaux à l'intérieur de l'entreprise ont aussi été formes. En quelques mots, l'adoption du système d'administration des ressources humaines, même si elle est récente, est déjà une réalité en Amérique Latine. Le développement et l'établissement général de ces programmes sont ici plus que de simples souhaits des acteurs sociaux. On pourrait dire qu'il leur reste à traverser le même niveau de difficultés que le développement économique des pays latino-américains.
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Messeghem, Karim. « Pour une modélisation de l’écosystème entrepreneurial sous forme de sous-écosystèmes : Apport de l’approche des systèmes complexes adaptatifs ». Management international 27, no 2 (2023) : 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-f3jv-f7y8.
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Alors que l’écosystème entrepreneurial (EE) est un concept en plein développement, la littérature souligne le manque de cadres théoriques et méthodologiques. Cet article vise à y répondre en proposant une modélisation dynamique sous forme de sous-écosystèmes. Nous enrichissons la littérature sur les systèmes complexes adaptatifs, en introduisant les notions de quasi-décomposabilité et de redondance chères à Simon. Nous revisitons l’EE à partir d’une grille conceptuelle combinant lecture structurelle et dynamique. Notre étude empirique exploratoire et illustrative montre comment les sous-écosystèmes et leurs interactions ont contribué à la dynamique entrepreneuriale dans le territoire de Montpellier. Cet article permet de renforcer la théorisation de l’EE et de formuler des préconisations utiles pour les décideurs politiques dans la conception de leur politique d’entrepreneuriat.
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Stanikunas, Rytis, Vaiva Kulbokaite, Algimantas Svegzda, Henrikas Vaitkevicius, Ausra Daugirdiene, Janus J. Kulikowski et Ian J. Murray. « Chromatic fading following complete adaptation to unique hues ». Journal of Vision 20, no 6 (26 juin 2020) : 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.6.20.
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Murnaghan, D., W. Morrison, EJ Griffith, BL Bell, LA Duffley, K. McGarry et S. Manske. « Étude sur les systèmes d'échange des connaissances pour la santé des jeunes et la prévention des maladies chroniques : étude de cas menée dans trois provinces ». Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 33, no 4 (septembre 2013) : 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.07f.
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Introduction Les équipes de recherche ont adopté un modèle d'étude de cas utilisant un cadre d'analyse commun dans le but d'étudier trois systèmes provinciaux (Île-du-Prince-Édouard, Nouveau-Brunswick et Manitoba) d'échange des connaissances. Ces trois systèmes visent à générer et utiliser des données probantes lors de l'élaboration des politiques, de la planification des programmes et des évaluations afin d'améliorer la santé des jeunes et de prévenir les maladies chroniques. Méthodologie Nous avons appliqué un modèle d'étude de cas pour examiner en profondeur les leçons apprises (c.-à-d. les principales conditions ou les principaux processus contribuant au développement de la capacité d'échange des connaissances) à l'aide d'une méthode de collecte de données multiples. Les activités de gestion, de synthèse et d'analyse des données ont été simultanées, itératives et continues. Les leçons apprises ont été classées en sept catégories. Résultats L'échange des connaissances est un processus complexe, qui exige des champions et des partenariats de collaboration, une adaptation aux divers intervenants et qui exige aussi que les régions soient préparées. Analyse Dans l'ensemble, les systèmes d'échange des connaissances peuvent accroître la capacité d'échange et d'utilisation des données probantes en allant au-delà de la collecte et de la transmission de données. Leurs aires d'influence sont l'établissement de nouveaux partenariats, des activités élargies d'échange des connaissances et le perfectionnement des approches axées sur les politiques et les pratiques liées à la santé des jeunes et à la prévention des maladies chroniques.
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Hadjouis, Djillali. « Vers un paradigme holistique de l'anatomie paléoanthropologique : entre adaptation posturale et globalité architecturale du corps chez les Hominidés ». Ikosim 5, no 1 (26 janvier 2016) : 7–20. https://doi.org/10.3917/ikos.005.0007.
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Dans les années 1990, l'auteur a mis en place une méthodologie expérimentale de l'anatomie humaine sur la base d'une relecture anatomique des différentes pièces osseuses qui composent le squelette céphalo-caudal. La démonstration du postulat repose sur la biodynamique du complexe cranio-facial et ses rapports avec l'occlusion d'une part et le rachis, le bassin et les membres d'autre part. Compte tenu de mouvements d'une dynamique non linéaire au cours de l'ontogenèse, les trajectoires de croissance mettent en lumière des déséquilibres ascendants et descendants dont les associations ne peuvent être décelées que si les systèmes musculo-squelettiques du corps humain tout entier sont pris en compte. Ainsi, la globalité architecturale de la posture est mieux perçue et les interprétations qui relèvent du diagnostic, de l'adaptation ou de la locomotion sont nettement plus prudentes.
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Murray, I. J., A. Daugirdiene, H. Vaitkevicius, J. J. Kulikowski et R. Stanikunas. « Almost complete colour constancy achieved with full-field adaptation ». Vision Research 46, no 19 (octobre 2006) : 3067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2006.03.011.
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Gelly, Christophe. « Corto Maltese, du roman graphique aux films d’animation ». Transcr(é)ation 6, no 1 (12 mars 2025) : 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5206/tc.v6i1.21300.
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L’œuvre d’Hugo Pratt est aujourd’hui reconnue comme fondatrice dans le champ de la bande dessinée, et son influence dans l’établissement de la notion de roman graphique ne fait guère de doute (Baetens et alii). Au sein de cette œuvre, la série d’albums mettant en scène Corto Maltese est sans doute la plus célèbre, et manifeste le plus clairement les caractéristiques associées au roman graphique : contexte historique complexe, ambivalence psychologique des personnages, références littéraires poussées, et récit d’une étendue souvent considérable (Lesage). Un autre trait spécifique frappe également, à savoir la combinaison dans ce cycle de références aux romans d’aventures — Conrad et Stevenson — avec une tendance contemplative dans la mise en scène du récit. Il serait dès lors tentant de rechercher dans les films d’animation adaptés de cette œuvre la même hybridité entre réalisme, attrait pour l’histoire, et abstraction. Paul Wells a ainsi montré (1999) que le film d’animation, dans son rapport à l’adaptation de textes littéraires, se situait au carrefour entre incarnation et déréalisation de l’intrigue. Je propose ici d’étudier une adaptation animée d’un album de Pratt, intitulée Corto Maltese, la Cour secrète des Arcanes (adapté de Corto Maltese en Sibérie, par Pascal Morelli, 2002) pour répondre aux questions suivantes. Quelles interactions se jouent entre le système sémiotique séquentiel (Groensteen) de la bande dessinée et la mise en récit du film d’animation ? Comment les adaptations renégocient-elles et / ou reconnaissent-elles le système narratif de la bande dessinée à travers leur propre récit, sur le mode de la remédiation (Bolter et Grusin), ou sur le mode de la citation (Boillat) ? Enfin, comment comprendre les écarts narratifs entre les deux œuvres en termes de choix stratégiques d’adaptation et de contexte de production (Bourdier) ? L’approche choisie pour analyser ce corpus passera donc par une étude de l’intermédialité, et abordera les questions soulevées par l’adaptation d’une poétique aussi particulière que celle d’Hugo Pratt.
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Raymond, J. E. « Complete interocular transfer of motion adaptation effects on motion coherence thresholds ». Vision Research 33, no 13 (septembre 1993) : 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90177-x.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, Colin Waters et Mark Williams. « Les strates de la ville de l'Anthropocène ». Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 72, no 2 (juin 2017) : 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264917000567.
Texte intégralRésumé :
RésuméLe tissu d'une ville correspond à une transformation de matériaux géologiques bruts en un assemblage complexe de nouveaux minéraux, fabriqués par des humains, et de roches, telles que l'acier, le verre, le plastique, le béton, la brique et la céramique. Cette activité est considérée en termes de « métabolisme urbain », avec des afflux et des flux quotidiens de personnes, de nourriture, d'eau et de déchets. Empruntée aux temps géologiques, une échelle de temps plus longue, de quelques années au millénaire, est adoptée ; elle reste pertinente pour le présent et les générations humaines futures. Dans les systèmes sédimentaires naturels, les flux de matériaux sont gouvernés par des forces naturelles, comme le climat et la gravité, et ils laissent des traces physiques dans les strates des rivières. Dans les villes, les flux de matériaux géologiques nécessaires à les construire et à les reconstruire sont réalisés par les humains et sont largement produits par les énergies fossiles stockées dans les hydrocarbures. Les assemblages de roches anthropogéniques et de minéraux qui en résultent peuvent être pensés comme des systèmes sédimentaires (et/ou des traces fossiles), fossilisables, à l’échelle de la planète. Extrêmement plus diversifiés que les strates géologiques naturelles, ils évoluent aussi bien plus rapidement, notamment en ce qui concerne les déchets. Considérer les villes par le biais d'une telle perspective peut devenir de plus en plus utile, compte tenu de leur nécessaire adaptation aux conditions changeantes de l’époque émergente, l'Anthropocène.
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Brautaset, R. L., et J. A. M. Jennings. « Increasing the proportion of binocular vision makes horizontal prism adaptation complete ». Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 25, no 2 (mars 2005) : 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00275.x.
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DE LA CHEVROTIÈRE, C., C. MORENO, P. JAQUIET et N. MANDONNET. « La sélection génétique pour la maîtrise des strongyloses gastro-intestinales des petits ruminants ». INRAE Productions Animales 24, no 3 (7 juillet 2011) : 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.3.3257.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La durabilité des systèmes d'élevage tropicaux et tempérés extensifs est à rechercher dans l'équilibre entre le milieu et les productions, animales et végétales. Ainsi, il est judicieux de choisir les animaux pour leur adaptation aux contraintes du milieu, plutôt que de chercher à les en soustraire. Dans ce contexte, les strongyloses gastro-intestinales représentent une contrainte pathologique majeure des petits ruminants, particulièrement en zone tropicale humide. Depuis quelques années, la stratégie d'éradication des parasites a évolué vers une logique de manipulation des équilibres hôtes-parasites dans les systèmes pâturés par combinaison de diverses stratégies. La résistance génétique aux strongles gastro-intestinaux s'inscrit dans cette nouvelle démarche et y tient un rôle majeur. L'objectif de cette synthèse est de souligner les apports de la génétique et de la génomique à la compréhension et à l'exploitation de différences entre individus pour la résistance aux strongyloses gastro-intestinales. Les races locales se révèlent dans la plupart des cas les plus résistantes et les plus productives dans leur milieu. Que ce soit chez des races de milieu tropical ou tempéré, une variabilité génétique intra-race a pu être observée chez les ovins et les caprins. Des critères de résistance exploitables en sélection sont connus chez les ovins comme chez les caprins avec un contrôle génétique comparable. Enfin, la composante immunitaire (complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité notamment) de la résistance est clairement impliquée dans les mécanismes. Cependant, du fait de comportements alimentaires différents, les mécanismes sous jacents pourraient être plus simples et moins efficients chez les caprins. L'information génomique s'accumule mais reste encore difficilement valorisable par les professionnels.
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Zhang, Junbao, et Guohua Liu. « The Adaptation of a Model of an Artifact-Centric Business Process Instance and Its Validation ». Information 10, no 2 (11 février 2019) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10020057.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The adaptability of an in-progress business process is an essential requirement for any business process management system in dynamic business process environments. Over the last two decades, the artifact-centric approach for business process management has been evidenced to have higher level of flexibility. However, the adaptation of a model of an artifact-centric business process instance is still inevitable and pervasive due to the complex and ever-changing business environments. Almost all works of artifact-centric business process neglect this issue. To fill this gap, we propose a special business rule called adaptation rule to address the dynamic adaptation problem and describe the adaptation by a global adaptation model. Moreover, we provide a validation mechanism over our proposed adaptation rule of the global adaptation model to guarantee the behavior correctness of the adaptation. Through this validation approach, computing the lifecycle of the global adaptation model can be avoided.
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Multon, Franck, Richard Kulpa et Benoit Bideau. « MKM : A Global Framework for Animating Humans in Virtual Reality Applications ». Presence : Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17, no 1 (1 février 2008) : 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.17.1.17.
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Virtual humans are more and more used in VR applications, but their animation is still a challenge, especially if complex tasks must be carried out in interaction with the user. In many applications with virtual humans, credible virtual characters play a major role in presence. Motion editing techniques assume that the natural laws are intrinsically encoded in prerecorded trajectories and that modifications may preserve these natural laws, leading to credible autonomous actors. However, a complete knowledge of all the constraints is required to ensure continuity or to synchronize and blend several actions necessary to achieve a given task. We propose a framework capable of performing these tasks in an interactive environment that can change at each frame, depending on the user’s orders. This framework enables VR applications to animate from dozens of characters in real time for complex constraints, to hundreds of characters if only ground adaptation is performed. It offers the following capabilities: motion synchronization, blending, retargeting, and adaptation thanks to enhanced inverse kinetics and kinematics solver. To evaluate this framework, we have compared the motor behavior of subjects in real and in virtual environments.
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Parker, Donald E. « Spatial perception changes associated with space flight : Implications for adaptation to altered inertial environments ». Journal of Vestibular Research 13, no 4-6 (28 décembre 2003) : 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-134-617.
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Preparation for extended travel by astronauts within the Solar System, including a possible manned mission to Mars, requires more complete understanding of adaptation to altered inertial environments. Improved understanding is needed to support development and evaluation of interventions to facilitate adaptations during transitions between those environments. Travel to another planet escalates the adaptive challenge because astronauts will experience prolonged exposure to microgravity before encountering a novel gravitational environment. This challenge would have to be met without ground support at the landing site. Evaluation of current adaptive status as well as intervention efficacy can be performed using perceptual, eye movement and postural measures. Due to discrepancies of adaptation magnitude and time-course among these measures, complete understanding of adaptation processes, as well as intervention evaluation, requires examination of all three. Previous research and theory that provide models for comprehending adaptation to altered inertial environments are briefly examined. Reports from astronauts of selected pre- in- and postflight self-motion illusions are described. The currently controversial tilt-translation reinterpretation hypothesis is reviewed and possible resolutions to the controversy are proposed. Finally, based on apparent gaps in our current knowledge, further research is proposed to achieve a more complete understanding of adaptation as well as to develop effective counter-measures.
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Velychko, Stepan, Natalia Donets et Oleksandr Marinov. « Special aspects of using modern digital complexes vernier dychimack cycamics ». Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no 189 (août 2020) : 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-189-19-22.
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The current level of development of science, technology and modern technologies requires humanity to have a large number of competencies: flexibility of thinking, creativity, rapid adaptation to new conditions and tasks, and others. The National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine for the period 2012–2021 provides for a large number of actions, the implementation of which will increase the efficiency of the educational process based on the implementation of the achievements of psychological and pedagogical science, pedagogical innovations, information and communication technologies. The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, responding to the requirements of modern society, introduces modern information and communication technologies into the educational process. Provides educational institutions with modern computers, interactive whiteboards, other various and various digital devices. This trend is positive and helps to improve the overall educational process, its efficiency, accessibility in institutions of both general secondary education and in higher education institutions. Thus, the task of educational institutions of all levels is to ensure the ability of complexes of students to carry out independent activities with the help of existing modern innovative equipment, modern innovative kits, digital measuring systems. Considering the educational process in higher education institutions, we understand that it should be built in such a way that student learning should meet the goals of advanced learning. Therefore, graduates of pedagogical institutions of higher education must be ready to work with new technologies. The latest digital equipment, complexes, digital laboratories – is a new generation of natural laboratories, designed to conduct frontal and demonstration experiments, laboratory work at the modern scientific and technical level. The use of new digital laboratories allows to supplement knowledge, expand the horizons in other related fields. Therefore, the article considers the feasibility of using modern digital measuring systems in the educational process.
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MURRAY, I. J., A. DAUGIRDIENE, R. STANIKUNAS, H. VAITKEVICIUS et J. J. KULIKOWSKI. « Cone contrasts do not predict color constancy ». Visual Neuroscience 23, no 3-4 (mai 2006) : 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806230025.
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A successive, asymmetric color-matching paradigm was used to investigate the link between cone contrast and the stability of perceived colors. We measured the perceived color shifts of 10 Munsell samples, induced by test illuminant A, simulated in u′v′ color space. The capacity of the visual system to resist these shifts, otherwise known as color constancy, is measured in terms of the Brunswik ratio, BR. Cone contrasts are calculated with respect to either the physical or perceived background. Subjective cone contrasts show a better fit to the von Kries law than those based on the physical background. Complete cone adaptation occurs when color constancy is high. However we show conditions where cone adaptation seems complete but color constancy is poor.
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Yang, Huiyun, Feng Miao et Xue Deng. « Analysis of the Structure of Aerobics Complete Sets of Movements Based on Genetic Algorithm ». Security and Communication Networks 2022 (12 août 2022) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9063568.
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As an independent sport, aerobics is a popular and highly popular sport that integrates group gymnastics, dance, music, fitness, and entertainment. With the continuous development of global fitness fever and happy sports in recent years, the classification of aerobics has become more and more extensive. The development of fitness aerobics and competitive aerobics conforms to the trend of the times. In the course of aerobics teaching, action structure analysis is essential, and the performance of decomposing action image recognition has a direct impact on the effect of aerobics teaching. Therefore, it is important to study an effective aerobics complete set of action structure analysis method. In order to solve the problem that the traditional method is easily affected by the movement rate, lighting conditions, occlusion, complex background, etc., resulting in poor robustness of the recognition results, this paper takes the complete set of aerobics movements as the initial population and then designs the adaptation of the aerobics movements. The degree function is used to realize the structural analysis of aerobics complete sets of movements through the genetic algorithm. First, the video sequence is divided into several segments by using the time energy pyramid, and the human body target for aerobics exercise is extracted by the background subtraction method, and the decomposition actions of aerobics are obtained. By calculating the fitness of different actions, the fitness of the complete set of actions is obtained and then realize the analysis of aerobics complete sets of movements. The structural analysis of aerobics complete sets of movements can not only improve the choreography efficiency of complete sets of movements, but also promote the improvement of the training level of aerobics athletes, and help coaches make relative adjustments and changes in teaching on the basis of the original training of athletes.
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Stone, Amanda E., Adam C. Hockman, Jaimie A. Roper et Chris J. Hass. « Incremental Visual Occlusion During Split-Belt Treadmill Walking Has No Gradient Effect on Adaptation or Retention ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no 6 (30 septembre 2021) : 2490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211050322.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Split-belt treadmills have become an increasingly popular means of quantifying ambulation adaptability. Multiple sensory feedback mechanisms, including vision, contribute to task execution and adaptation success. No studies have yet explored visual feedback effects on locomotor adaptability across a spectrum of available visual information. In this study, we sought to better understand the effects of visual information on locomotor adaptation and retention by directly comparing incremental levels of visual occlusion. Sixty healthy young adults completed a split-belt adaptation protocol, including a baseline, asymmetric walking condition (adapt), a symmetric walking condition (de-adapt), and another asymmetric walking condition (re-adapt). We randomly assigned participants into conditions with varied visual occlusion (i.e., complete and lower visual field occlusion, or normal vision). We captured kinematic data, and outcome measures included magnitude of asymmetry, spatial and temporal contributions to step length asymmetry, variability of the final adapted pattern, and magnitude of adaptation. We used repeated measures and four-way MANOVAs to examine the influence of visual occlusion and walking condition. Participants with complete, compared to lower visual field visual occlusion displayed less consistency in their walking pattern, evident via increased step length standard deviation ( p = .007, d = 0.89), and compared to normal vision groups ( p = .003 d = 0.81). We found no other group differences, indicating that varying levels of visual occlusion did not significantly affect locomotor adaptation or retention. This study offers insight into the role vision plays in locomotor adaptation and retention with clinical utility for improving variability in step control.
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Zhang, Le, Qi Gao et Tingyu Li. « Dynamic Adaptation Method of Business Process Based on Hierarchical Feature Model ». Information 12, no 9 (5 septembre 2021) : 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12090362.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the continuous complexity and frequent changes in business application scenarios, companies urgently need to establish a flexible business process management mechanism that includes dynamic rules, in which dynamic adaptation methods of business processes play a vital role. Aiming at the problem that the current methods only use the preset process template and the decision-making database, it cannot respond quickly to business changes and reconfigure the business process. This research proposes a dynamic adaptation method of business process based on the hierarchical feature model, builds a hierarchical feature model of complex processes, then establishes a hierarchical business policy set to achieve an agile response to business emergencies. By constructing a mapping model, the feature model is associated with the BPMN model to realize the rapid execution of the reconfiguration process model. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by process examples and the developed business process dynamic adaptation tool.
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Guo, Rui, Yong Zhou, Jiaqi Zhao, Rui Yao, Bing Liu et Xunhui Zhang. « Unsupervised spatial-awareness attention-based and multi-scale domain adaption network for point cloud classification ». International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 19, no 04 (24 février 2021) : 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691321500077.
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Domain adaption is a special transfer learning method, whose source domain and target domain generally have different data distribution, but need to complete the same task. There have been many significant types of research on domain adaptation in 2D images, but in 3D data processing, domain adaptation is still in its infancy. Therefore, we design a novel domain adaptive network to complete the unsupervised point cloud classification task. Specifically, we propose a multi-scale transform module to improve the feature extractor. Besides, a spatial-awareness attention module combined with channel attention to assign weights to each node is designed to represent hierarchically scaled features. We have validated the proposed method on the PointDA-10 dataset for domain adaption classification tasks. Empirically, it shows strong performance on par or even better than state-of-the-art.
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Orysyk, V., L. Garmanchuk, S. Orysyk, Yu Zborovskii, S. Shishkina, I. Stupak, P. Novikova et al. « Iodide n,π-chelate complexes of platinum(II) based on N-allyl substituted thioureas and their effect on the activity of hepatobiliary system enzymes in comparison with chloride analogs ». Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 96, no 3 (14 juin 2024) : 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj96.03.075.
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The search for new effective drugs in the treatment of neoplasm remains relevant even today, since the adaptation of transformed cells to the action of classical drugs contributes to the emergence of drug resistance. This applies to a number of classic chemotherapy drugs of the platinum series, in particular cisplatin. In this work, we describe the effect of novel analogs of cisplatin on HepG2 cells and on the key enzyme of antioxidant protection system gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, which plays an important role in the acquisition of drug resistance to anticancer drugs by tumor cells. New mononuclear iodide n,π-chelate complexes of Pt(II) with substituted thioureas N-allylmorpholine-4-carbothioamide or 3-allyl-1,1-diethylthiourea were obtained as analogs of cisplatin. All compounds were investigated by UV-Vis, IR, and 1H/13С NMR spectra. Complex I was described by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Also, the effect of these analogs on alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, which are marker enzymes of liver cells, release of which into the blood indicates liver pathologies, was investigated. All studies were carried out in comparison with chloride n,π-chelate complexes of platinum obtained earlier (however, the effect of these chloride analogs of platinum on enzymes of the hepatobiliary system was investigated for the first time in this work). The results have shown that the studied compounds are better cytostatics/cytotoxics than cisplatin both according to IC50 and apoptosis level of HepG2 cells. It is established that, for the most part, effect of the studied complexes is reduced to a decrease in the degree of malignancy of cells of hepatocyte lines and the activity of LDH and GHT, as well as a decrease in consumed glucose. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, NMR spectroscopy, n‚π-chelates, thioureas
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Allison, John D., Vivien A. Casagrande, Edward J. Debruyn et A. B. Bonds. « Contrast adaptation in striate cortical neurons of the nocturnal primate bush baby (Galago crassicaudatus) ». Visual Neuroscience 10, no 6 (novembre 1993) : 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010233.
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AbstractIt has been argued that in order for the visual system to detect edges accurately under a range of conditions, the visual system needs to adapt to the local contrast level to preserve sensitivity (Blakemore & Campbell, 1969). Cells in the primary visual cortex of cats adapt to stimuli with low to moderate contrast. Curiously, macaque monkey neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) do not show evidence for similar adaptation. To address the question of whether this differential sensitivity in contrast adaptation might be due to phylogenetic variation between cats and primates or to specializations for visual niche (e.g. nocturnal vs. diurnal), contrast adaptation to temporally and spatially optimized gratings was examined in 30 V1 cells of three nocturnal primate bush babies (Galago crassicaudatus). A second objective was to examine the relationship between the degree of contrast adaptation and cell classification or cell location relative to cortical layers or compartments [i.e. cytochrome-oxidase (CO) blobs and interblobs]. All cells were classified (simple vs. complex) and anatomically localized relative to cortical layers and cytochrome-oxidase (CO) blob and interblob compartments. Two independent measures of contrast adaptation were used. In the first test, contrast was sequentially increased from 3–56% and then decreased. The contrast required to maintain a half-maximum response amplitude in the 30 cells tested increased an average of 0.24 (±0.12) log units during the sequential decrements in contrast. For the second test, four sets of five interleaved contrasts within ±1 octave of a central adapting contrast (10%, 14%, 20%, and 28%, respectively) were presented. The cells produced a mean adaptation index of 0.57 (±0.47) which is very similar to that exhibited by cat cortical neurons (0.54 ± 0.41). Interestingly, cells in interblobs showed a trend toward greater adaptation than did blob cells. Moreover, cells in the supragranular layers exhibited greater adaptation than cells in the infragranular layers. No significant differences in adaptation were found to correlate with other cell classification indices. Taken together, our results suggest that contrast adaptation may be more important for maintaining sensitivity in nocturnal species (primates or cats) than in diurnal species (macaque monkeys), and that in the nocturnal bush baby, cells in cortical layers and compartments may be differentially specialized for contrast adaptation.
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YAEGER, LARRY S. « IDENTIFYING NEURAL NETWORK TOPOLOGIES THAT FOSTER DYNAMICAL COMPLEXITY ». Advances in Complex Systems 16, no 02n03 (mai 2013) : 1350032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952591350032x.
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We use an ecosystem simulator capable of evolving arbitrary neural network topologies to explore the relationship between an information theoretic measure of the complexity of neural dynamics and several graph theoretical metrics calculated for the underlying network topologies. Evolutionary trends confirm and extend previous results demonstrating an evolutionary selection for complexity and small-world network properties during periods of behavioral adaptation. The resultant mapping of the space of network topologies occupied by the most complex networks yields new insights into the relationship between network structure and function. The highest complexity networks are found within limited numerical ranges of clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, small-world index, and global efficiency. The widths of these ranges vary from quite narrow to modest, and provide a guide to the most productive regions of the space of neural topologies in which to search for complexity. Our demonstration that evolution selects for complex dynamics and small-world networks helps explain biological evidence for these trends and provides evidence for selection of these characteristics based purely on network function—with no physical constraints on network structure—thus suggesting that functional and structural evolutionary pressures cooperate to produce brains optimized for adaptation to a complex, variable world.
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Lackner, James R., et Paul A. DiZio. « Adaptation to rotating artificial gravity environments ». Journal of Vestibular Research 13, no 4-6 (28 décembre 2003) : 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-134-616.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A series of pioneering experiments on adaptation to rotating artificial gravity environments was conducted in the 1960s. The results of these experiments led to the general belief that humans with normal vestibular function would not be able to adapt to rotating environments with angular velocities above 3 or 4 rpm. By contrast, our recent work has shown that sensory-motor adaptation to 10~rpm can be achieved relatively easily and quickly if subjects make the same movement repeatedly. This repetition allows the nervous system to gauge how the Coriolis forces generated by movements in a rotating reference frame are deflecting movement paths and endpoints and to institute corrective adaptations. Independent mechanisms appear to underlie restoration of straight movement paths and of accurate movement endpoints. Control of head movements involves adaptation of vestibulo-collic and vestibulo-spinal mechanisms as well as adaptation to motor control of the head as an inertial mass. The vestibular adaptation has a long time constant and the motor adaptation a short one. Surprisingly, Coriolis forces generated by natural turning and reaching movements in our normal environment are typically larger than those elicited in rotating artificial gravity environments. They are not recognized as such because self-generated Coriolis forces during voluntary trunk rotation are perceptually transparent. After adaptation to a rotating environment is complete, the Coriolis forces generated by movements within it also become transparent and are not felt although they are still present.
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Rubino, I. Alex, Barbara Fedeli, Valeria Zanna et Enzo Fortuna. « A Multivariate Study of the Serial Color-Word Test ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no 1 (février 1997) : 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.1.275.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Patterns of adaptation to a conflict situation (the Stroop task) were assessed with the Serial Color-Word Test. A cluster analysis was performed on 859 protocols, adopting a six-cluster solution. A subsequent discriminant function analysis cross-validated the usefulness of the test's variables in predicting the cluster assignments. The distribution of 3 different diagnostic groups (psychotic, neurotic-psychosomatic, and general population) showed significant differences across the 6 clusters, thereby contributing to the external validation of the test. The 6 new complex patterns of adaptation described may now be employed in clinical research, alongside the traditional ones.
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Khater, T. T., J. F. Baker et B. W. Peterson. « Dynamics of Adaptive Change in Human Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Direction ». Journal of Vestibular Research 1, no 1 (1 juillet 1990) : 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1990-1103.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Adaptive modification of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) direction was characterized in humans by recording vertical and horizontal VOR eye movements during horizontal rotations in darkness at frequencies of 0.05 to 1 Hz before and after exposure to a VOR direction adaptation procedure. This procedure paired yaw horizontal vestibular rotation at 0.25 Hz with synchronous pitch vertical optokinetic motion. Saccades were removed from eye position records and VOR gain and phase were recorded. With an onset time constant of 36 min, the VOR measured during horizontal rotation in complete darkness acquired a vertical component in phase with the optokinetic stimulus presented during adaptation. The amplitude of this newly acquired vertical VOR component was maximal during rotation at the frequency of adaptation; at other frequencies, the amplitude was lower, but still significant. Unlike VOR direction adaptation in cats, the phase of the adaptive VOR component in humans did not show significant leads or lags at test frequencies below or above the adaptation frequency. These data suggest that, like the cat, the human VOR can be directionally adapted, and the pathways involving the adaptive component of the VOR are frequency specific.
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Alonso, Juncal, Leire Orue-Echevarria, Eneko Osaba, Jesús López Lobo, Iñigo Martinez, Josu Diaz de Arcaya et Iñaki Etxaniz. « Optimization and Prediction Techniques for Self-Healing and Self-Learning Applications in a Trustworthy Cloud Continuum ». Information 12, no 8 (30 juillet 2021) : 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current IT market is more and more dominated by the “cloud continuum”. In the “traditional” cloud, computing resources are typically homogeneous in order to facilitate economies of scale. In contrast, in edge computing, computational resources are widely diverse, commonly with scarce capacities and must be managed very efficiently due to battery constraints or other limitations. A combination of resources and services at the edge (edge computing), in the core (cloud computing), and along the data path (fog computing) is needed through a trusted cloud continuum. This requires novel solutions for the creation, optimization, management, and automatic operation of such infrastructure through new approaches such as infrastructure as code (IaC). In this paper, we analyze how artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques and tools can enhance the operation of complex applications to support the broad and multi-stage heterogeneity of the infrastructural layer in the “computing continuum” through the enhancement of IaC optimization, IaC self-learning, and IaC self-healing. To this extent, the presented work proposes a set of tools, methods, and techniques for applications’ operators to seamlessly select, combine, configure, and adapt computation resources all along the data path and support the complete service lifecycle covering: (1) optimized distributed application deployment over heterogeneous computing resources; (2) monitoring of execution platforms in real time including continuous control and trust of the infrastructural services; (3) application deployment and adaptation while optimizing the execution; and (4) application self-recovery to avoid compromising situations that may lead to an unexpected failure.
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Ettazi, Widad, Mahmoud Nassar et Hatim Hafiddi. « CATS-CAE Reflective Middleware Framework for Adapting Context-Aware Transactional Services ». International Journal of Web Services Research 17, no 2 (avril 2020) : 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2020040103.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pervasive environments are characterized by limited computing resources and wireless connectivity. In parallel, current application domains have variable transactional requirements that do not fit the traditional ACID model. As a result, the pervasive environment characteristics are compelling and cannot be supported by conventional solutions that are typically dedicated to a specific application domain and support a limited set of context parameters. This article aims at providing a complete solution that addresses the challenges of the adaptability of context-aware transactional services “CATS” in pervasive environments. Thus, a new framework CATS-CAE was designed, which offers a comprehensive structure of multiple component chains. The adaptation strategy in CATS-CAE is based on a hybrid approach combining the use of adaptation policies, alternative strategy and behavioral adaptation of composite services through the “Profiled Task Class” concept. A probabilistic model is also presented to support the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Danai, Kourosh, et Hsinyung Chin. « Fault Diagnosis With Process Uncertainty ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, no 3 (1 septembre 1991) : 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896416.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A nonparametric pattern classification method is introduced for fault diagnosis of complex systems. This method represents the fault signatures by the columns of a multi-valued influence matrix (MVIM), and uses adaptation to cope with fault signature variability. In this method, the measurements are monitored on-line and flagged upon the detection of an abnormality. Fault diagnosis is performed by matching this vector of flagged measurements against the columns of the influence matrix. The MVIM method has the capability to assess the diagnosability of the system, and use that as the basis for sensor selection and optimization. It also uses diagnostic error feedback for adaptation, which enables it to estimate its diagnostic model based upon a small number of measurement-fault data.
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Li, Daxian, Wu Wei et Zhiying Qiu. « Combined Reinforcement Learning and CPG Algorithm to Generate Terrain-Adaptive Gait of Hexapod Robots ». Actuators 12, no 4 (3 avril 2023) : 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12040157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Terrain adaptation research can significantly improve the motion performance of hexapod robots. In this paper, we propose a method that combines reinforcement learning with a central pattern generator (CPG) to enhance the terrain adaptation of hexapod robots in terms of gait planning. The hexapod robot’s complex task presents a high-dimensional observation and action space, which makes it challenging to directly apply reinforcement learning to robot control. Therefore, we utilize the CPG algorithm to generate the rhythmic gait while compressing the action space dimension of the agent. Additionally, the proposed method requires less internal sensor information, which exhibits strong applicability. Finally, we conduct experiments and deploy the proposed framework in the simulation environment. The results show that the terrain adaptation policy trained in our framework enables the hexapod robot to move more smoothly and efficiently on rugged terrain compared to the traditional CPG method.
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Shkirenka, Illia. « ADAPTING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TO EVALUATE TECH STARTUPS : AN INNOVATIVE FRAMEWORK BASED ON OMG ESSENCE ». American Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no 11 (1 novembre 2024) : 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume06issue11-07.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The adaptation of system engineering to evaluate technical startups through an innovative framework based on the OMG Essence standard is a modern approach to simplify the process of analyzing and managing startups at various stages of their development. In this study, a universal framework was proposed that allows evaluating technical startups from the point of view of system engineering. This approach takes into account key aspects of startup development, such as requirements, stakeholders, technology, and team, which makes it an important tool for evaluating innovative projects. The main purpose of the proposed framework is to apply the principles of systems engineering to the evaluation of startups, focusing on technical aspects such as system architecture, integration capabilities, and the ability of the team to solve complex tasks. Traditional methods of evaluating startups, often focusing on business aspects, may not always take into account all the technical difficulties and risks that arise when developing software products. The OMG Essence-based framework fills this gap by providing a more comprehensive tool for analyzing and managing startup development. OMG Essence, as a standardized method, acts as a basis for formalizing practices and facilitating interaction between various project participants. The framework based on it offers the possibility of modular adaptation, which allows you to evaluate startups regardless of their complexity and current stage of development. An important feature of OMG Essence is the ability to integrate with other methodologies, which makes it universal for various fields. The application of this standard in the evaluation of startups allows you to obtain more objective results and improve the decision-making process.
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Sivkovich Fagin, Oksana, et Arien Mack. « Negative Color Aftereffect in the Absence of a Colored Stimulus ». Perception 51, no 2 (31 janvier 2022) : 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066221076302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Negative color aftereffects normally occur following prolonged observation of colored surfaces and are generally attributed to sensory adaptation of opponent processes responsible for color vision. We describe evidence that negative color aftereffects, no different from those that occur when actually viewing red, are perceived in the complete absence of a colored stimulus by highly suggestible persons who are hypnotized and hallucinate seeing red. Highly suggestible participants also excel at imagining color although this is less likely to generate an aftereffect suggesting that there is more to hallucinating than imagining. Our results are clear evidence that sensory adaptation is not necessary for negative color aftereffects.
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Young, Laurence R., Kathleen H. Sienko, Lisette E. Lyne, Heiko Hecht et Alan Natapoff. « Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, subjective tilt, and motion sickness to head movements during short-radius centrifugation ». Journal of Vestibular Research 13, no 2-3 (1 octobre 2003) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-132-302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Head movements made while the whole body is rotating at unusually high angular velocities (here with supine body position about an earth-vertical axis) result in inappropriate eye movements, sensory illusions, disorientation, and frequently motion sickness. We investigated the acquisition and retention of sensory adaptation to cross-coupled components of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by asking eight subjects to make headturns while being rotated at 23 rpm on two consecutive days, and again a week later. The dependent measures were inappropriate vertical VOR, subjective tilt, and motion sickness in response to 90° yaw out-of-plane head movements. Motion sickness was evaluated during and following exposure to rotation. Significant adaptation effects were found for the slow phase velocity of vertical nystagmus, the reported magnitude of the subjective tilt experienced during head turns, and motion-sickness scores. Retention of adaptation over a six-day rest period without rotation occurred, but was not complete for all measures. Adaptation of VOR was fully maintained while subjective tilt was only partially maintained and motion-sickness scores continued to decrease. Practical implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis on artificial gravity, which could be produced in weightlessness by means of a short-radius (2 m) rotator.
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BOSSE, TIBOR, CATHOLIJN M. JONKER et JAN TREUR. « SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ADAPTIVE AGENTS : AN INTEGRATIVE MODELING APPROACH ». Advances in Complex Systems 10, no 03 (septembre 2007) : 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952590700115x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Agent-based simulation methods are a relatively new way to address complex systems. Usually, the idea is that the agents used are rather simple, and the complexity and adaptivity of such a system are modeled by the interaction between these agents. However, another way to exploit agent-based simulation methods is by use of agents that themselves also have certain forms of learning or adaptation. In order to simulate adaptive agents with abilities matching those of their real-world biological or societal counterparts, a natural approach is to incorporate certain adaptation mechanisms such as classical conditioning into agent models. Existing models for adaptation mechanisms are usually based on quantitative, numerical methods, and in particular, differential equations. Since agent-based simulation is usually based on qualitative, logical languages, these quantitative models are often not directly appropriate as an input in the context of agent-based simulation. To deal with this problem, this paper puts forward an integrative approach to simulate and analyze the dynamics of complex systems, in particular a conditioning process of an adaptive agent, integrating quantitative, numerical and qualitative, logical aspects within one expressive temporal specification language. To obtain a simulation model, an executable sublanguage of this language is used to specify the agent's adaptation mechanism in detail. For analysis and validation, in the proposed approach both properties characterising the externally observable adaptive behavior and properties characterizing the dynamics of internal intermediate states have been identified, formally specified and automatically checked on the generated simulation traces. As part of the latter, an approach to (formally) specify and check representational relations for intermediate, internal agent states is put forward. This enables verification of whether the representational content of an intermediate state a modeller has in mind indeed is in accordance with the agent model's internal dynamics. For a biological agent with known neural mechanisms, such as Aplysia, the modeling approach incorporates high-level modeling of neural states occurring as intermediate states and relates them to their representational content specification. This provides the possibility to validate not only the resulting observable behavior of a simulation model against the observable behavior of the agent in the real world, but also the intermediate states of the agent in the model against the intermediate states of the agent in the world.
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Tiliket, Caroline, Mark Shelhamer, H. Stevie Tan et David S. Zee. « Adaptation of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex with the Head in Different Orientations and Positions Relative to the Axis of Body Rotation ». Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no 2 (1 février 1993) : 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3207.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We investigated the influence of static head orientation and position, relative to the axis of body rotation, upon vestibular adaptation. With the head centered, displaced anterior to the axis of body rotation, or tilted 40∘ to 45∘ in roll or pitch, the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was trained (to go either up or down) for one hour using artificial manipulation of the visual surround to produce a visual-vestibular mismatch. Before and after each training session, the VOR was measured in darkness with the head in the training as well as in several non-training positions. We found that transfer of VOR adaptation to non-training positions was almost complete when comparing head eccentric versus head-centered rotations. For tilts, however, transfer of VOR learning was far less complete suggesting that static otolith signals provide a strong contextual cue that gates the expression of an adaptive VOR response. Finally, following training to increase than VOR, gain was greater for centripetally than centrifugally directed slow phases. Centripetally directed postsaccadic drift also developed. These fundings imply that the gain increase paradigm also leads to abnormal function of the velocity-to-position neural integrator, which holds eccentric positions of gaze.
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Furdui, Emilia, et Rodica Grosu. « Focus pe relaționarea elevilor in sistemul educațional general din perspectiva abordărilor societale ». Psihologia. Pedagogia specială. Asistența socială = Psychology, Special Pedagogy and Social Work 61, no 4 (2020) : 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/jpspsw.2020.v61.i4.p53-59.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rigorously speaking, the process of evolution of modern society generates, by itself, globalization: time is compressing, societal problems are expanding, the tendency towards renewal and contacts is advancing, knowledge becomes the main source for the innovation of society which, ensuring a better development of learning by taking into account pedagogical and psychological conditions, which contribute to the creation of an efficient educational environment. This article presents a theoretical analysis that intersects with practical segments, which condition the necessary effect in the process of developing the relational dimension of the students. The exposed material is also associated with optimising the process of inclusion and adaptation of pupils with special educational requirements in general education institutions through the element of relation. A special division of the work belongs to societal problems, providing psychological assistance, which directly contributes to the complete formation of the personality of the child-student.
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Sanderson, Jeffrey, Charles M. Oman et Laurence R. Harris. « Measurement of oscillopsia induced by vestibular Coriolis stimulation ». Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no 5-6 (3 juillet 2008) : 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-175-609.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We demonstrate a new method for measuring the time constant of head-movement-contingent oscillopsia (HMCO) produced by vestibular Coriolis stimulation. Subjects briskly rotated their heads around pitch or roll axes whilst seated on a platform rotating at constant velocity. This induced a cross-coupled vestibular Coriolis illusion. Simultaneous with the head movement, a visual display consisting of either a moving field of white dots on a black background or superimposed on a subject-stationary horizon, or a complete virtual room with conventional furnishings appeared. The scene's motion was driven by a simplified computer model of the Coriolis illusion. Subjects either nulled (if visual motion was against the illusory body rotation) or matched (if motion was in the same direction as the illusory motion) the sensation with the exponentially slowing scene motion, by indicating whether its decline was too fast or too slow. The model time constant was approximated using a staircase technique. Time constants comparable to that of the Coriolis vestibular ocular reflex were obtained. Time constants could be significantly reduced by adding subject-stationary visual elements. This technique for measuring oscillopsia might be used to quantify adaptation to artificial gravity environments. In principle more complex models can be used, and applied to other types of oscillopsia such as are experienced by BPPV patients or by astronauts returning to Earth.
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DiZio, Paul, et James R. Lackner. « Sensorimotor aspects of high-speed artificial gravity : III. Sensorimotor adaptation ». Journal of Vestibular Research 12, no 5-6 (1 août 2003) : 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-125-609.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As a countermeasure to the debilitating physiological effects of weightlessness, astronauts could live continuously in an artificial gravity environment created by slow rotation of an entire spacecraft or be exposed to brief daily "doses" in a short radius centrifuge housed within a non-rotating spacecraft. A potential drawback to both approaches is that head movements made during rotation may be disorienting and nauseogenic. These side effects are more severe at higher rotation rates, especially upon first exposure. Head movements during rotation generate aberrant vestibular stimulation and Coriolis force perturbations of the head-neck motor system. This article reviews our progress toward distinguishing vestibular and motor factors in side effects of rotation, and presents new data concerning the rates of rotation up to which adaptation is possible. We have studied subjects pointing to targets during constant velocity rotation, because these movements generate Coriolis motor perturbations of the arm but do not involve unusual vestibular stimulation. Initially, reaching paths and endpoints are deviated in the direction of the transient lateral Coriolis forces generated. With practice, subjects soon move in straighter paths and land on target once more. If sight of the arm is permitted, adaptation is more rapid than in darkness. Initial arm movement trajectory and endpoint deviations are proportional to Coriolis force magnitude over a range of rotation speeds from 5 to 20 rpm, and there is rapid, complete motor adaptation at all speeds. These new results indicate that motor adaptation to high rotation rates is possible. Coriolis force perturbations of head movements also occur in a rotating environment but adaptation gradually develops over the course of many head movements.
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Mahboubi, Hadj, Thierry Faure, Sandro Bimonte, Guillaume Deffuant, Jean-Pierre Chanet et François Pinet. « A Multidimensional Model for Data Warehouses of Simulation Results ». International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 1, no 2 (juillet 2010) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2010070101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the multidimensional modeling of a data warehouse for simulation results. Environmental dynamics modeling is used to study complex scenarios like urbanization, climate change and deforestation while allowing decision makers to understand and predict the evolution of the environment in response to potential value changes in a large number of influence variables. In this context, exploring simulation models produces a huge volume of data, which must often be studied extensively at different levels of aggregation due to there being a great need to define tools and methodologies specifically adapted for the storage and analysis of such complex data. Data warehousing systems provide technologies for managing simulation results from different sources. Moreover, OLAP technologies allow one to analyze and compare these results and their corresponding models. In this paper, the authors propose a generic multidimensional schema to analyze the results of a simulation model, which can guide modelers in designing specific data warehouses, and an adaptation of an OLAP client tool to provide an adequate visualization of data. As an example, a data warehouse for the analysis of results produced from a savanna simulation model is implemented using a Relational OLAP architecture.
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SMITH, KENNY, HENRY BRIGHTON et SIMON KIRBY. « COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN LANGUAGE EVOLUTION : THE CULTURAL EMERGENCE OF COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE ». Advances in Complex Systems 06, no 04 (décembre 2003) : 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525903001055.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Language arises from the interaction of three complex adaptive systems — biological evolution, learning, and culture. We focus here on cultural evolution, and present an Iterated Learning Model of the emergence of compositionality, a fundamental structural property of language. Our main result is to show that the poverty of the stimulus available to language learners leads to a pressure for linguistic structure. When there is a bottleneck on cultural transmission, only a language which is generalizable from sparse input data is stable. Language itself evolves on a cultural time-scale, and compositionality is language's adaptation to stimulus poverty.
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Poot, L., H. P. Snippe et J. H. van Hateren. « Adaptation is Faster after Luminance Decrements than after Luminance Increments, Independently of Test Pulse Polarity ». Perception 26, no 1_suppl (août 1997) : 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As is well known, dark-adaptation in the human visual system is much slower than recovery from darkness. We show that at high photopic luminances the situation is exactly opposite. In psychophysical experiments on human subjects, we have studied detection thresholds for brief light flashes, at various delays with respect to decrement and increment steps in background luminance. Light adaptation was nearly complete within 100 ms after luminance decrements, but took much longer after luminance increments. In an effort to determine the nature of the threshold dynamics, we have compared sensitivity after equally visible pulses or steps in the adaptation luminance. Flash detectability was initially the same in the pulse and step conditions, but recovered much faster after pulses than after increment steps. This suggests that the initial threshold elevation is caused by the temporal contrast of the background steps and pulses, whereas the residual threshold elevation after an increment step shows an incomplete luminance adaptation. We have substantiated this by manipulating the contrast of a transition between luminances: we found that these contrast manipulations affected only the initial part of the threshold curve, not later stages. Finally, we measured detection thresholds for brief luminance decrements. For these tests with negative polarity, threshold recovery remained significantly faster after decrement than after increment steps in background luminance. Therefore, the asymmetry in adaptation dynamics that we report is indeed related to the step direction of the background luminance, and is not caused by interaction with the test polarity.
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Barbosa, Daniel, Renato M. Monaro, Denis V. Coury et Mário Oleskovicz. « Filtragem adaptativa para a estimação da freqüência em sistemas elétricos de potência ». Sba : Controle & ; Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 19, no 2 (juin 2008) : 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592008000200010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta pesquisa apresenta um método para a estimação da freqüência em sistemas elétricos de potência utilizando filtros adaptativos baseados no método dos mínimos quadrados (MMQ). A análise do sistema de potência é realizada através da conversão das tensões trifásicas em um sinal complexo pela aplicação da transformada α β, sendo este direcionado ao algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa. As simulações computacionais, assim como a modelagem dos equipamentos, foram realizadas utilizando-se do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Este teve por objetivo, gerar dados das mais diversas e distintas situações para a verificação e análise da metodologia proposta, em comparação a resultados obtidos de um determinado relé comercial, habilitado à supervisão da freqüência do sistema.
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Wang, Zhiyu, Li Wang et Bin Dai. « Strong-Weak Feature Alignment for 3D Object Detection ». Electronics 10, no 10 (18 mai 2021) : 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Object detection in 3D point clouds is still a challenging task in autonomous driving. Due to the inherent occlusion and density changes of the point cloud, the data distribution of the same object will change dramatically. Especially, the incomplete data with sparsity or occlusion can not represent the complete characteristics of the object. In this paper, we proposed a novel strong–weak feature alignment algorithm between complete and incomplete objects for 3D object detection, which explores the correlations within the data. It is an end-to-end adaptive network that does not require additional data and can be easily applied to other object detection networks. Through a complete object feature extractor, we achieve a robust feature representation of the object. It serves as a guarding feature to help the incomplete object feature generator to generate effective features. The strong–weak feature alignment algorithm reduces the gap between different states of the same object and enhances the ability to represent the incomplete object. The proposed adaptation framework is validated on the KITTI object benchmark and gets about 6% improvement in detection average precision on 3D moderate difficulty compared to the basic model. The results show that our adaptation method improves the detection performance of incomplete 3D objects.