Thèses sur le sujet « Systèmes convectifs de mésoéchelle »
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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Hanh. « Analyses des perturbations synoptiques et de la modulation diurne des systèmes convectifs sur l'Afrique centrale ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066638.
Texte intégralArnault, Joel. « Evolution cyclogénétique des perturbations convectives de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Atlantique tropical ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424219.
Texte intégralArnault, Joël. « Evolution cyclogénétique des perturbations convectives de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Atlantique tropical ». Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/651/.
Texte intégralThe formation of Cape Verde Cyclones is the result of an interaction between several processes: mid-level African easterly wave's troughs and ridges, low-level monsoon flow and trade winds off the West African coast, convective developements, mid-level Saharan anticyclone, low level Saharan heat low, mid-and upper level troughs of mid-latitude origin. These processes are investigated in a climatologic study of five season of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forcast analyses and Meteosat images. This is complemented with two case studies modelled with Méso-NH: the perturbation which spawn Hurricane Helene (2006) and the so-called "Perturbation D", a non-developing case observed during AMMA / SOP-3 in Dakar in September 2006. The simulated evolutions are quantified with energy and vorticity budgets. The main result of this thesis is that geostrophic adjustment of wind field to a pressure perturbation of convective origin in the Cape Verde Islands area occurs only if there is a production of eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion and a horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity. This confirms the well-known hypothesis that tropical cyclogenesis is the result of an interaction between convective systems and a favourable environement
GHEUSI, François. « Analyses eulériennes et lagrangiennes des systèmes convectifs quasi-stationnaires sur les Alpes ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009368.
Texte intégralMathon, Vincent. « Etude climatologique des systèmes convectifs de meso-échelle en Afrique de l'Ouest ». Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077099.
Texte intégralGheusi, François. « Analyses eulériennes et lagrangiennes des systèmes convectifs quasi-stationnaires sur les Alpes ». Toulouse 3, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009368.
Texte intégralGiret, Antoine. « Transferts thermiques convectifs dans le cadre de machines tournantes ». Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESMA0001.
Texte intégralRotating machinery must respect both electrical aims and thermal constraints. They are to be in agreement with a limit temperature level. Therefore, a blower provides a cooling air flow. There are three main flow ways: statoric ducts, rotoric ducts and air-gap. The work deals with the convective heat transfer study of air-gap and statoric ducts. It is part of the Leroy Somer company researches on electric generator cooling efficiency. A tests bench was developed to perform comparison between experimental results and numerical results on an alternator air-gap case. Our air-gap case originality, compared with a smooth one, comes with the particular rotor geometry and its four inter-polar gaps. Infrared thermography is used to provide convective heat transfer coefficients on rotor and stator. The rotor experimental results show a behaviour close to a smooth air-gap one. However, it is surprising to obtain a convective heat transfer coefficient decreasing when the rotor speed becomes greater. Moreover, an helical structure development in inter-polar gaps intensifies convective heat transfers. Stator heat transfers seem improved thanks to a centrifugal effect provided by the «ducts-between-poles» rotation. The air-gap entrance is the best convective heat transfer zone for both rotor and stator walls. The numerical results have a general tendency to underestimate convective heat transfer coefficients on rotor and to overestimate them on stator. To supplement the study, a parametric analysis is carried out to assess the efficiency improvement capacity of statoric ducts with ribs
Vince, Jean-Marc. « Ondes propagatives dans des systèmes convectifs soumis à des effets de tension superficielle ». Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077345.
Texte intégralPegliasco, Cori. « Structure verticale des tourbillons de mésoéchelle dans les quatre grands systèmes d'upwelling de bord est ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30331/document.
Texte intégralMerging ~10 years of altimetry maps and vertical profiles provided by Argo floats, we aim to study in details the eddy's surface characteristics and vertical structure in the 4 major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS : Peru-Chile, California, Canaries and Benguela), sharing similar large-scale dynamics. Our main results show that the eddies detected on altimetry maps in the 4 EBUS have close physical properties, with a lot of small-scale structures (radius < 40km, amplitude < 1cm and lifetime < 30 days). In contrast, the few eddies sampled by Argo floats have larger dimensions (radius of ~90-140 km, amplitude of ~3-7 cm) and longer lifetimes (6-10 months). The major bias with the analyzed vertical structure is the over representation of these large-scale eddies. The temperature and salinity anomaly mean profiles acquired by Argo floats surfacing within eddies reveals a strong heterogeneity between each of the 4 EBUS, but also within them. The eddies' vertical structure is strongly influence by the local hydrology and dynamics. For example, the subsurface-intensified eddies of the PCUS tend to be located in the Southern part of this EBUS, while the surface-intensified eddies are preferentially located near the Northern boundary of the subtropical gyre. In the CALUS, we can identify Cuddies in some coastal sub-regions, but in this EBUS, most of the eddies are intensified at the base of the pycnocline, with a reversal of the salinity anomaly compared to the surface layers. In the CANUS, the Cape Verde frontal zone separates distinct subsurface-intensified eddies and some Meddies in the North, from the Southern part, where eddies are surface-intensified. In the same way, the Angola-Benguela Front of the BENUS separates the surface-intensified eddies in the North from strong, deep-reaching anomalies in the South. The Southern-most part of the BENUS is also a preferential pathway for the large Agulhas Rings and their associated cyclones. The respective contributions of isopycnal advection and vertical displacement improve the description of these very diverse structures. The presence of several eddy-types, with distinct thermohaline properties (surface or subsurface-intensified, deep vertical extend, intense or not, etc.) is confirmed by the study of eddies generated in the coastal area of each EBUS. Their Lagrangian analysis allows us to describe the temporal evolution of their vertical structure, which shows an unexpected temporal homogeneity. This manuscript presents different efficient tools used to analyze the surface characteristics, the thermohaline properties and the temporal evolution of mesoscale eddies in the 4 major EBUS, highlighting their diversity
Chamsi, Nizar. « Estimation des précipitations à partir de la réflectivité radar dans les systèmes convectifs tropicaux ». Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30134.
Texte intégralMorel, Christophe. « Caractérisation objective des systèmes convectifs européens à partir de leur suivi dans l'imagerie satellitaire ». Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30091.
Texte intégralYang, Taifeng. « Télédétection Multi-satellite des Propriétés des Systèmes Convectifs de l'Océan Indien ; Observation pendant la Mousson d'Hiver ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002121.
Texte intégralCampos, Claudia Rejane Jacondino de. « Etude des systèmes précipitants convectifs par radar Doppler aéroporté : application à un cas de TOGA-COARE ». Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30022.
Texte intégralYang, Tai-Feng. « Télédétection multi-satellite des propriétés des systèmes convectifs de l'Océan Indien : observation pendant la mousson d'hiver ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0020.
Texte intégralSane, Youssouph. « Représentation du cycle de vie des systèmes convectifs dans le modèle LMDZ pendant la campagne AMMA 2006 ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066051.
Texte intégralFiolleau, Thomas. « Cycle de vie des systèmes convectifs de mousson dans les régions tropicales : préparation à la mission Megha-Tropiques ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00576870.
Texte intégralLeclair, De Bellevue Jimmy. « Analyse et modélisation des échanges verticaux induits par les systèmes convectifs des latitudes tropicales : effets sur l'ozone troposphérique ». Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468500.
Texte intégralLeclair, de Bellevue Jimmy. « Analyse et modélisation des échanges verticaux induits par les systèmes convectifs des latitudes tropicales : effets sur l'ozone troposphérique ». La Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468500/fr/.
Texte intégralThe objective was to perform our knowledge on the mechanisms 'exchanges, close to the zone S of major convection, more particularly in periphery of the tropical cyclones by exploring the bonds between tropical convection and tropospheric ozone. A climatological approach showed that the influence of the occurrence attends these systems convectifs on tropospheric ozone is double. The analysis of a case of transfer intense subsident on April 6th, 1995 in Reunion, then on the West of the system Marlène, allowed to characterize this exchange stratosphere-troposphere. The examination of the model idealized by tropical cyclone Hurricane brought dynamic complements and generalized this study of mechanisms. In a additional way in the case Marlène, three different synoptic situations or a strong interaction between convection, jet-front system and Rossby waves induce stratosphere-troposphere exchanges have been documented
Bovalo, Christophe. « Activité électrique et changements d'intensité des systèmes convectifs tropicaux dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien : Observations et modélisation ». Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00972040.
Texte intégralBovalo, Christophe. « Activité électrique et variations d'intensité des systèmes convectifs tropicaux dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien : observations et modélisation ». Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984997.
Texte intégralCrumeyrolle, Suzanne. « Impact des systèmes convectifs sur les propriétés hygroscopiques des aérosols : analyse de deux cas d'étude durant la campagne AMMA ». Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/320/.
Texte intégralIn West Africa, three types of aerosols prevail: desert dusts, biomass burning particles and sea salts. The mixing of these three types of particles may have consequences on atmospheric radiative properties and on cloud formation and precipitation. Within the framework of AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) and to better characterize these particles, an isokinetic inlet as well as an instrumental platform were developed and deployed in the French research aircraft (ATR-42). Two study cases (July SOP1 and August SOP2 2006) illustrate the impact of the meso-scale convective systems (MCS) on the hygroscopic properties of particles. The observed results show an increase of particle hygroscopic properties due to the coating of soluble elements (sulfate, nitrate and chloride). Then, the simulation of the first study case shows the mixing of soluble elements and desert dusts in aqueous phase (i. E. Cloud droplets). After evaporation, dust particles coated with soluble elements are released in the atmosphere
Bovalo, Christophe. « Activité électrique et variations d’intensité des systèmes convectifs tropicaux dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien : observations et modélisation ». Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0001/document.
Texte intégralTropical cyclone track forecast has improved over the past two decades but little improvement have been done in intensity changes forecast. This thesis focuses on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones in the southwest Indian ocean through the original aspect of lightning activity. A climatology of lightning activity in the southwest Indian ocean using data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) is first proposed. Results showed that the WWLLN was able to locate and capture the lightning activity in the basin and that tropical cyclones can be considered as a major source of lightning flashes in some oceanic parts of this region. From this result, study of lightning activity in tropical cyclones of the southwest Indian ocean has been done considering the basin configuration. Thus, three regions were defined: open ocean, region near the eastern coast of Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel. The location and intensity of lightning activity depend on the region and the intensity stage. Lightning flashes seem to be a proxy of intensification or weakening under some conditions. The third step of this thesis was to simulate in an idealized framework a mature tropical cyclone. The model was first able to reproduce the sporadic behavior of lightning activity as observed. Budgets have shown that the presence of three distinctive phases characterized by different dynamical, microphysical and electrical behaviors. Finally, another purely numerical work tried to identify some proxies of lightning activity according two approaches : a global analysis anda per-cell analysis. In both cases, the best proxies are the total graupel mass, the updraft volume and the product of precipitating and non-precipitating ice mass fluxes
Nabil, Lamrani. « Dynamique et microphysique des systèmes convectifs de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : Une analyse d'une ligne de grains par radar Doppler polarimétrique ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358206.
Texte intégralLa phase de préparation de cette campagne a été l'occasion de proposer une solution au problème posé par un réseau de radar Doppler monostatique-bistatique : la contamination des données bistatiques par les lobes secondaires de la fonction d'antenne du radar monostatique. Cette solution basée sur l'analyse variationnelle permet de s'affranchir du rejet systématique de données bistatiques contaminées, pratiqué jusqu'alors. Testée avec des données synthétiques, puis réelles, cette méthode permet d'utiliser l'ensemble des données échantillonnées et donc d'assurer des restitutions 3D de champs de vent sur des domaines plus importants avec des méthodes Dual-Doppler classiques.
Durant la campagne, le récepteur bistatique n'a pas fonctionné, et, seul le radar RONSARD a assuré une acquisition de mesures exploitables sur le nord du Bénin. Aussi, l'étude de la ligne de grains du 28 juillet 2006, qui fait suite à la phase expérimentale, sera principalement basée sur ces données. La dynamique et la microphysique de ce système ont pu être détaillées à l'échelle convective et à la mésoéchelle. Sa dynamique, comparable à des études antérieures sur le même thème, nous a permis en la comparant à sa distribution particulaire de mieux comprendre les processus microphysiques mis en jeu dans les différentes régions d'intérêt. Les restitutions microphysiques sont cohérentes avec les descriptions de la dynamique du système avec une évidente organisation des classes d'hydrométéores de la phase liquide en pluie fine, modérée et forte dans la partie convective, et en pluie fine à modérée dans la partie stratiforme. A proximité de l'isotherme 0°C, une couche de mélange composée de neige mouillée a été identifiée. Concernant la région convective, la phase solide nous a montré une structure mixte de neige roulée et de grêle, piégée dans un environnement de cristaux de glace et de neige sèche. La fonte des particules solides et la coalescence de particules fines de pluie contribuent au renforcement des précipitations en pluie moyenne. A la mésoéchelle, l'analyse composite a fait apparaître le lien entre les panaches de mélange de neige roulée et de grêle avec le renforcement de la pluie moyenne ainsi que le rôle joué par l'évaporation sous la partie stratiforme de la ligne de grains.
Lamrani, Nabil. « Dynamique et microphysique des systèmes convectifs de l'Afrique de l'ouest : une analyse d'une ligne de grains par radar doppler polarimétrique ». Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/448/.
Texte intégralDuring the AMMA international project, aimed to observe the variability of the West African Monsoon, the C-band polarimetric Doppler radar RONSARD and a bistatic receiver have been deployed in northern Benin during summer 2006 in order to document dynamics and microphysics of monsoon-related convective systems. The preparation phase of this campaign gave us an opportunity to examine and to propose a solution to the problem involved in a monostatic-bistatic Doppler radar network: the sidelobe contamination of bistatic measurements by the monostatic radar antenna gain. This solution based on variational analysis, proposes an alternative solution to the forced rejection of bistatic Doppler data so far considered. Tests with synthetic and real data are performed and this method allow us to use the complete sampled dataset in order to retrieve 3D wind fields on more important domains, using classical dual-Doppler methods. During the campaign, the bistatic receiver did not work and only the RONSARD radar provided exploitable measurements on northern Benin. In particular, the RONSARD data collected within the 28th July 2006 squall line were used to document the dynamics and microphysics at convective scale and mesoscale in this study. Dynamics, comparable to those from previous studies, and hydrometeor distribution allow us to better understand the microphysical processes involved in different regions of interest. .
Nguyen, Phu Hung. « Etude des échanges convectifs à l'entrée d'une perforation : application à la thermique des parois multiperforées des chambres de combustion ». Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2290.
Texte intégralThe development of new concepts of combustion chamber for the aeronautical engines always has for objective to increase the performances, while reducing the emission of the pollutants produced by the combustion. For that, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the burnt gases and therefore to cool the wall of the room more efficiently without increasing the extraction of cooling air. In this context, our works of thesis were about the cooling wall technique of the combustion chamber by full coverage film cooling. The knowledge of the thermal behavior of this wall is indispensable to the optimization of this technique. Two main parts have been developed : the first part of our work reportes to the experimental and numerical study on the convectif transfer of an air flow circulating in a tube with a square edged inlet and a weak factor of form (ℓ/d comprise between 1,5 and 13,5). These studies enable us to highlight the influence of each geometrics parameters (length and diameter of the tube. . . ) and aerodynamics parameters (velocity and turbulent intensity of the flow in the tube. . . ) on the convectif exchange and the aerodynamics of the flow in a perforation. The coupling between thermic and aerodynamic was identified. Correlations to determine the local and average convectif transfer in the perforation were also established. The second part, purely numerical, was dedicated to optimization of multiholes cooling by determining the distribution of the temperatures (maximum, minimal. . . ) in the wall according to the various geometrics parameters (spacing enters the perforations, thickness of the wall,. . . ) and aerothermics parameters (temperatures and speeds of the flows,. . . ). This multiperforate wall is covered with a layer of ceramics on the face downstream the perforations. The perforations are arranged staggered and oriented perpendicularly to surface. The simulations are carried out in permanent regime and take into account, among others, the boundary condition in the perforation obtained in the first part of this study. Correlations on the temperatures (maximum, minimum. . . ) multiperforate wall, essential to dimension the wall of combustion chamber, were proposed
Bresson, Emilie. « Mécanismes de formation des systèmes convectifs quasi-stationnaires en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : application au cas du 15 juin 2010 sur le Var ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822669.
Texte intégralBresson, Émilie. « Mécanismes de formation des systèmes convectifs quasi-stationnaires en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : application au cas du 15 juin 2010 sur le Var ». Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1660/.
Texte intégralNorthwestern Mediterranean region is often affected by heavy precipitating events,mostly during autumn. The present study aims at better understanding the relationshipbetween mesoscale meteorological environment characteristics and location and intensityof heavy precipitating systems, by investigating mechanisms responsible for deep convectiontriggering and maintain. First, idealised numerical simulations of quasi-stationary convective systems over the Cevenol region were analysed to highlight the dominent mechanisms. Sensitivity experiments varying humidity and wind speed of the marine inflow help to establish relationships between environment characteristics, dominent triggering mechanisms and precipitating system location. The results of this idealised study were confronted to the flood case of Var, June 15th, 2010. A quite large set of numerical simulations were performed to reproduce at best the heavy precipitation event. Then, the best simulations were used to understand the mechanisms leading to the quasi-stationary precipitating system observed over the Varregion
Coutris, Pierre. « Analyse des propriétés dimensionnelles et massiques des cristaux de glace pour l’étude des processus microphysiques dans les systèmes convectifs à méso-échelle ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC007/document.
Texte intégralThe detailed characterization of ice cloud microphysics is key to understand their role in theEarth’s hydrological cycle and radiation budget. The developement of atmospheric models and remote sensingalgorithms relies on parametrisations derived from in situ measurements. These measurements are also usedby the aviation industry to handle the problem of ice crystal icing. This PhD work presents an analysis of themass and size properties of ice crystals observed in high ice water content areas embedded in tropical mesoscaleconvective systems (MCS) during two airborne field campaigns of the HAIC-HIWC international project.A new approach is developped to derive mass-size relationships (m - D) from size distributions and icewater contents. The retrieval is formulated as an inverse problem which waives the power law constraint, aclassical assumption that proves to be an oversimplification when applied to heterogeneous populations of iceparticules typical of MCS anvils.The horizontal variability of size distributions and the aging of MCS anvils is described in terms of microphysicalprocesses. The importance of the aggregation growth process is emphasized as it efficiently removessmall ice particles brought into the upper troposphere by deep convection and significantly contributes to theformation of large agregates, precusor of the stratiform precipitations. The analysis of mass properties revealsthat distinctive microphysical regimes may be identified from the m-D relationship retrieved in various conditions.It paves the way toward a statistical model of the effective density of ice particles as a function of environmentalparameters
Seghir-Ouali, Souhil. « Echanges convectifs à l'intérieur d'un cylindre tournant soumis à un flux d'air axial : application à l'étude thermique d'un moteur à aimants permanents de puissance élevée ». Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7beb69f5-85d1-475d-a9f4-6b64f8b75bf3.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the thermal behavior of an electric machine with permanent magnets and used for naval propulsion. A permanent three-dimensional model based on a nodal approach was developed to predict the thermal behavior of the machine in steady state. Due to the wide interest that the air region of the interior of the hollow rotor offers to cool down the machine, particular attention is carried out to the experimental identification of the heat exchange coefficient of the inner rotor surface. For this purpose, we designed a specific experimental setup and developed a procedure to identify this exchange coefficient. The results show the existence of domains where the axial flow and the rotation of the cylinder are influent. At the end of the study, dimensionless correlations connecting the heat transfer rate to the aerodynamic parameters are proposed. A parametric study using this model is carried out aiming at two objectives. The first one consists in an evaluation of the influence of several physical quantities on the temperature field. The second one aims at obtaining the inception of the thermal optimization and evaluating the most efficient cooling techniques or solutions
Van, Der Velde Oscar Arnoud. « Morphologie de sprites et conditions de productions de sprites et de jets dans les systèmes orageux de méso-échelle ». Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1191/.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is devoted to the description of the conditions of production of transient luminous phenomena (sprites, jets, elves) in the mesosphere, which occur in response to energetic lightning discharges in thunderstorms underneath. During EuroSprite observation campaigns, a few hundred images of sprites have been obtained, providing information about event morphology, location and timing. Precipitation data from weather radar and cloud top altitude from Meteosat, as well as two lightning detection networks and a wide-band radio receiver have been analyzed. The methodology includes case studies and a statistical study over a large number of sprites produced by 7 different storms. The work focuses on the aspect of the intracloud lightning component associated with positive cloud-to-ground flashes, the link with the morphology of sprites, and the life cycle of thunderstorm systems. Additionally, a storm which produced a rare gigantic jet observed in the United States is analyzed in detail. The observed sprites were produced by mesoscale convective systems (MCS) during the expanding phase of the stratiform region. The cloud-to-ground flash sequences and the intracloud lightning component observed at the time of sprites confirm a large horizontal convective-to-stratiform propagation, as mechanism of charge collection, explaining displaced sprites. Sprites of column-type are produced with shorter delays than carrot sprites, and the shorter the delay, the more elements, their luminosity concentrating at greater altitudes. The gigantic jet appears to have been promoted by a certain charge configuration and lightning activity pattern, rather than a high cloud top altitude
Domingues, Ramos Maria Helena. « Analyse de la pluviométrie sous des systèmes nuageux convectifs : étude de cas sur des données de la ville de Marseille et de la méthode ISIS de Météo-France ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10062.
Texte intégralDrigeard, Elise. « Microphysique glacée des systèmes convectifs observés dans le cadre de Megha-Tropiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : comparaison des mesures aéroportées avec des radars sol et un modèle numérique ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22531/document.
Texte intégralTropical meteorology is a major issue for atmospheric physics and earth’s climate. The Megha-Tropiques satellite combines several teledetection instruments which need complex restitution algorithms. This work contributes to the development of validation’s strategies for these algorithms. This requires a better knowledge of the tropical mesoscale convective systems’ (MCS) ice phase. In this thesis, we use data from the Niamey’s (Niger) campaign, which took place during summer 2010. Numerous MCS with high Ice Water Content (IWC) were analyzed with an airborne instrumentation and ground radars. Reflectivity Zin-situ is calculated using airborne microphysic probes’ information and a mass-diameter relationship. A spatial and temporal interpolation technique is developed to colocalize the aircraft position with ground radar measurements. This method leads to the validation of Zin-situ calculation. The relationship between reflectivity and IWC is not satisfactory for the MIT precipitation radar. Moreover, the cloud radar gives better informations about the IWC than the precipitation radar. Indeed, precipitation radars are too sensitive to large ice crystals. Therefore, in-situ measurements are essential to get microphysic information in order to validate restitution algorithms used by satellites. They can’t be replaced by ground based reflectivity measurements. The WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model was used in order to get a better knowledge of MCS. In this work, we analyzed one case study. For this case, WRF generates a typical squall line but it doesn’t correctly reproduce every observed characteristics. Several dynamical and microphysical differences appear between simulation and observations. The simulated reflectivity field is analyzed by CFAD (Contoured Frequency by Altitude Diagrams) and it shows a general underestimated reflectivity compared to the observations. The Thompson microphysic scheme is replaced by the more complex Morrison scheme, but this modification doesn’t improve the results of the simulation. Consequently, the WRF model isn’t yet efficient enough to help with the restitution algorithms’ validation
Riederer, Peter. « Modèle de zone adapté aux essais de régulateurs de systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000632.
Texte intégralFontaine, Emmanuel. « Masse des cristaux de glace et facteurs de réflectivité radar dans les systèmes de nuages convectifs de moyenne échelle formés dans les Tropiques et la région de la mer Méditerranée ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22527/document.
Texte intégralThis study focuses on the variability of mass-diameter relationships (m(D)) and shape of ice hydrometeors in Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). It bases on data base which were recorded during four airborne measurement campaigns: (i) African monsoon’s MCS (continent; MT2010), (ii) Indian Ocean’s MCS (MT2011), (iii) Mediterranean’s MCS (costs; HyMeX), (iv) North-Australian monsoon’s MCS (costs; HAIC-HIWC). m(D) of ice hydrometeors are derived from a combined analysis of particle images from 2D-array probes and associated reflectivity factors measured with a Doppler cloud radar on the same research aircraft. Usually, m(D) is formulated as a power law (with one pre-factor and one exponent) that need to be constrained from complementary information on hydrometeors. A theoretical study of numerous hydrometeor shapes simulated in 3D and arbitrarily projected on a 2D plan allowed to constrain the exponent β of the m(D) relationship from the exponent σ of the surface-diameter S(D) relationship, which is likewise written as a power law. Since S(D) always can be determined for real data from 2D optical array probes or other particle imagers, the evolution of the m(D) exponent can be calculated. After that, the pre-factor α of m(D) is constrained from theoretical simulations of the radar reflectivity factor matching the measured reflectivity factor along the aircraft trajectory. Mean profiles of m(D) coefficients, particles size distributions and Condensed Water Content (CWC) are calculated in functions of the temperature, and are different for each type of MCS. For the four types of MCS, it is shown that the variability of m(D) coefficients is correlated with the variability of the temperature. Four types of m(D) parametrisations are calculated since the analysis of the variability of the m(D) coefficients. The significant benefit of using variable m(D) relations instead of a single m(D) relationship is demonstrated from the impact of all these m(D) relations on Z-CWC and Z-CWC-T fitted parametrisations
Sainsaulieu, Lionel. « Modélisation, analyse mathématique et numérique d'écoulements diphasiques constitués d'un brouillard de gouttes ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EPXX0012.
Texte intégralEulerian modelization of sprays leads to convection-diffusion systems written under non conservatrice form. We show how the averaging of the Navier-Stokes equations satsified by the gas flow around the droplets and the liquid flow inside the droplets leads to a well-posed problem. The shock waves solutions of the first order non-conservative system extracted from this model are defined as the limit when the diffusion processes are neglected of solutions of the second order system. Then we solve the Riemann problem. More generally this method allows us to define shock waves solutions for a wide class of hyperbolic systems written under non-conservative form. Finally the last section deals with the numerical simulation of sprays
Besson, Lucas. « Processus physiques responsables de l'établissement et de la variabilité de la mousson africaine ». Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
Texte intégralAstudillo, Orlando. « Rôle des interactions océan-atmosphère-continent sur la dynamique de la couche limite marine dans la région d'upwelling du Chili central ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30360.
Texte intégralEastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are the tropical to mid-latitudes oceanic regions along the west coast of the continents. They host very productive marine ecosystems owing to the mean equatorward low-level atmospheric circulation that uplifts cool subsurface nutrient-enriched waters that trigger marine life along the coast. While the fundamental oceanic processes behind such process are well known (i.e. Ekman transport and pumping), the oceanic modeling of the EBUS has remained problematic owing to difficulties in accounting realistically for phenomena at fine spatial scales in the transition zone between the littoral and the off-shore ocean. In this thesis we have focused on the Peru-Chile Upwelling System (so-called Humboldt system) and on the influence of the cross-shore mesoscale features of the winds near the coast, particularly the shoreward wind drop-off, which determinate the relative importance of the Ekman processes, and thus, the spatial and temporal structure of the upwelling. A combined approach based on satellite data analysis and regional modeling, both oceanic and atmospheric, is used to investigate the sensitivity of the oceanic circulation along the coast of central Chile to the characteristics of the wind drop-off. As a first step, the mean to seasonal near-shore surface atmospheric circulation along the coast of Peru and Chile is documented for the first time based on the altimeter data from four satellite missions (ENVISAT, JASON1, JASON2 and SARAL). The analysis reveals the existence of a marked shoreward reduction in the wind speed all along the coast, although the reduction rate is latitudinally dependent. Despite the relatively weak repetitivity of the satellites, it is shown that the altimetric data are able to sample the seasonal cycle of the wind drop-off at some locations. The estimate of coastal upwelling from these data suggests that Ekman pumping tends on average to dominate with respect to Ekman transport over the Peruvian coast, whereas over the central-Chilean coast, the Ekman transport is the dominant process. In a second step, a regional atmospheric model (WRF) at different horizontal resolutions (36km, 12km and 4km) in a nested configuration zoomed over the central-Chile region was developed in order to produce atmospheric fields with different characteristics of the wind-stress curl (drop-off) along the coast. The atmospheric model solutions are first evaluated against the satellite observations, showing a much larger realism than atmospheric Reanalyses near the coast. In particular, the simulated cyclonic wind curl along the coast related to the wind drop-off exhibit length scales between 8 and 45 km with a significant latitudinal variability, which is in agreement with the altimetric winds. The higher model resolution, the more confined to the coast the wind drop-off, with the latter evidencing a marked seasonality with a maximum intensity in spring-fall and minimum in winter. The relative contribution of the coastal divergence and Ekman pumping exhibits a latitudinal modulation linked to details in the orography and coastlines
Besson, Lucas. « Processus Physiques Responsables de l'Etablissement et de la Variabilité de la Mousson Africaine ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
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