Articles de revues : « Tavení »

1

Scribner, Vaughn. « “Quite a Genteel and Extreamly Commodious House” ». Journal of Early American History 5, n^o 1 (6 avril 2015) : 30–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00501001.

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When investigated through the tavern space, the processes of social differentiation so often associated with more populated northern “urban crucibles” appear less geographically determined than previously supposed. Colonial elites throughout British North America attempted to impose order and control over society during the eighteenth century. Elites’ quest for social differentiation and public order thus went beyond place. Whether patricians’ efforts occurred in Williamsburg or New York, such endeavors centered around the colonies’ most popular, accessible, and numerous public space—the tavern. This article will use Chesapeake and Low Country taverns to demonstrate, through outwardly broad but nonetheless effective comparisons with taverns in the northern colonies, that colonists throughout the eastern seaboard experienced very similar processes of social differentiation despite living thousands of miles apart. The tavern places Chesapeake and Low Country urban centers on an equal footing with their northern counterparts in their contributions to elites’ attempts at order and control.

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Roberts, Julia. « “A Mixed Assemblage of Persons” : Race and Tavern Space in Upper Canada ». Canadian Historical Review 102, s2 (1 juillet 2021) : s427—s450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-102-s2-006.

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This tavern story about an 1832 Saturday night on the town in Brantford, Upper Canada, addresses the complexities of racialized relations in “public places” generally and the tavern’s bar room in particular. It juxtaposes tavern-goers who engaged in “heterogenous” sociability with the “‘high pressure’ prejudice” of a “‘Yankee’” barkeeper. It challenges us to understand what such moments of multiracial public life meant in a society permeated by racialized thought and practice. There was a strange contradiction between White settlers’ marginalization of Black and First Nations peoples and the sometimes easy accommodation afforded them in the public houses. Although accommodation to people of colour was also illegally, and sometimes violently, denied, tavern stories complicate historical interpretations focusing on conflict. Without questioning these analyses, or the evidence supporting them, the stories suggest that something more subtle was also going on. They invite serious attention to the colony’s many taverns as sites where people chose to relax racial boundaries as often as they chose to enforce them. Maybe it was just the whiskey and the wine; without comparable work on other public spaces, the typicality of a tavern-based history will remain an open question. But because “Indians” as well as the “blacks and whites” all went there, the taverns show how race, as one socially constructed category, shaped ordinary, everyday human interactions.

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Brennan, Thomas. « Taverns in the Public Sphere in 18th-Century Paris ». Contemporary Drug Problems 32, n^o 1 (mars 2005) : 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200104.

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The 18th-century Parisian tavern was public space that lay beyond the private spheres of home, family, or corporate identity. Taverns, like markets or roads, were without inherent order, so they required the ordering of public authority. For much of the old regime, taverns illustrate the public sphere in its subjection to public control. A second public sphere, found in the coffeehouses of Britain and the cafés of France, was a place of intellectual and social exchange that gradually challenged the royal monopoly on public issues. Yet taverns demonstrated the evolution of a third public sphere from a space monopolized by royal control to one in which the populace constituted a public with its own discursive practices and norms. In their increasingly autonomous use of taverns, the people of Paris were developing a model of behavior that extended to the political life of the city during the French Revolution.

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Abbott, Robert J. « “Alcohol Controls and Russian Politics, 1863–1876” ». Russian History 43, n^o 2 (30 juillet 2016) : 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04302001.

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After abolishing monopolies in alcohol production and sales in 1863, Russian officials struggled to reverse the increased drunkenness and crime perceived to have resulted from the rapid spread of taverns while protecting alcohol taxes. The key actors did so in ways that reflected their differing missions and relationships with the new institutions of local self-government. Responsible for public order and viewing local governments as means of improving rural administration, for a time the Ministry of Internal Affairs sponsored a campaign to replace private taverns with a smaller number of community-owned establishments, winning the support of local authorities and journalists of various political stripes. Responsible for revenues and distrusting resource-poor local governments, the Ministry of Finance successfully opposed this approach on fiscal grounds, an approach that was popular with liberal intellectuals, tavern operators, and their suppliers. In its place, the Finance Ministry favored increasing alcohol taxes to limit consumption while maintaining overall revenues. The Internal Affairs Ministry responded by encouraging and manipulating a tavern-closing temperance campaign that deprived local governments of a revenue source and that journalists exposed as a sham. It did, however, persuade the Finance Ministry to compromise. In 1876 it agreed to share control over the number of taverns in the major cities with the Internal Affairs Ministry’s chiefs of police. This concluded a cycle that illustrated both the potential vitality and the limitations of Russian politics during the Age of the Great Reforms.

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Senelick, Laurence. « Moonlighting in the Music Hall : The Double Life of Charles Rice ». Theatre Survey 34, n^o 2 (novembre 1993) : 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400009947.

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The Parliamentary Act of 1843 that eradicated the duopoly of Covent Garden and Drury Lane affected London taverns as well as theatres. To skirt the ban on drama, minor theatres had long interpolated musical interludes into any sort of play, thus naturalizing indoors a variety format more common to the fairground or circus. The growing taste for miscellaneous entertainment was also served by tavern saloons, where variety bills supplemented alcoholic conviviality. The Act of 1843, amending the licensing act of 1737, merely recognized this fact of life and extended a welcoming hand to these and other performance spaces. All places of entertainment holding a “burletta license” might stage plays, provided that smoking and the sale of spirituous beverages were banned from the premises.

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Boron, Oleksandr. « RESTAURANTS AND TAVERNS IN SHEVCHENKO’S STORY “THE ARTIST” (FROM THE NEW COMMENTARIES) ». Слово і Час, n^o 2 (25 mars 2021) : 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2021.02.35-52.

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Besides specifying or clarifying the current address of the restaurants and taverns mentioned in the story, it appeared necessary to give a minimum description of this or that eating-house as most of the relevant names and cases of comparing and contrasting some of them say little to a common reader and sometimes to a specialist as well. The study of these restaurants and taverns adds many new details to Shevchenko’s biography. Based on the information of the author’s contemporaries (mostly from the 1830s—1840s), descriptions in the fiction ot the time, as well as city guides and directories, the paper presents characteristics of St. Petersburg restaurants and confectioneries of Alexander, Delli, Dume, Klee, Saint Georges, the Roman cafes Lepri and Greco. The paper proves that Madame Jurgens’ eating-house was located not on the sixth line of Vasilyevsky Island, but the third one, near the Great Avenue, not far from the wine cellar of Ja. Vochts on the second line. It refutes the erroneous localization by M. Morenets who believed that Jurgens canteen worked in a house at the modern address 6 Buzky Lane / 7 the 6th line. In fact, there was a tavern “The Golden Anchor”, which is also visited by the characters of the story. There is evidence that allows assuming that the tavern “Berlin” mentioned in the story as one in the corner of the 6th line and Academic Lane was located at the modern address 3 6th line / 10 Academic Lane, because since the early 19th century there was a wine shop in this particular building, and not in the one at the opposite corner. When not lacking money to pay, Shevchenko and his Academy classmates had lunch mostly in Madame Jurgens’ eating-house. If they could afford it, getting paid for a portrait or something, they visited the restaurant Klee. K. Bryullov could sometimes invite them for dinner at Delli’s confectionery or Alexander’s restaurant. Shevchenko also knew some other aristocratic eating-houses and, of course, just heard of Roman cafes from others.

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Hewitt, Jeanne Beauchamp, Pamela F. Levin et Susan Terry Misner. « Workplace Homicides in Chicago ». AAOHN Journal 50, n^o 9 (septembre 2002) : 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000908.

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Using data from police records, this study examined risk factors related to 940 workplace homicides occurring in Chicago between 1965 and 1990. Black men were predominantly both victims (49%) and offenders (75%). The median age for victims was 42 years, but only 25 years for offenders. Women (40%) were more likely than men (6%) to be killed by intimates. Firearms were involved in 83% of all homicides, and robbery was the primary motive (62%). Workplace homicides occurred most frequently in taverns (22%). Alcohol use by tavern workers was involved in 48% of the homicides. Wide disparity in the number of workplace homicides occurred in Chicago's 77 community areas. Strategies to deter robbery and alcohol use, as well as to prevent domestic violence in the workplace, need to be implemented and evaluated. Occupational health nurses play a pivotal role in effective violence prevention.

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Guéguen, Nicolas. « The Effect of Women's Suggestive Clothing on Men's Behavior and Judgment : A Field Study ». Psychological Reports 109, n^o 2 (octobre 2011) : 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.17.pr0.109.5.635-638.

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Numerous studies have shown that men overestimate the sexual intent of women based on their clothing style; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed empirically in a natural setting. This small field study measured the time it took for men to approach two female confederates sitting in a tavern, one wearing suggestive clothes and one wearing more conservative clothes. The behavior of 108 men was observed over 54 periods on 16 different nights in two different taverns. The time it took for the men to approach after initial eye contact was significantly shorter in the suggestive clothing condition. The men were also asked by male confederates to rate the likelihood of having a date with the women, and having sex on the first date. The men rated their chances to have a date and to have sex significantly higher in the suggestive clothing condition. Results are discussed with respect to men's possible misinterpretation that women's clothing indicates sexual interest, and the risks associated with the misinterpretation.

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Thorp, Daniel B. « Taverns and Tavern Culture on the Southern Colonial Frontier : Rowan County, North Carolina, 1753-1776 ». Journal of Southern History 62, n^o 4 (novembre 1996) : 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211137.

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Wholey, Heather A. « The Socioeconomic Landscape of Northern Delaware’s Taverns and Innkeepers : The Blue Ball Tavern and Vicinity ». Northeast Historical Archaeology 35, n^o 1 (2006) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol35/iss1/23.

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Yıldız, Sebahattin, Mehmet Fatih Vural et Gülten Savcı. « Kadınların Kariyer Gelişimi İçin Stratejiler : Özel Sektörde Çalışan Kadınlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma ». Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies 19, n^o 1 (10 mai 2017) : 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i1.271.

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Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği, şirketlerde kadınların üst kademe yönetim pozisyonlarına çıkmasında cam tavan, cam uçurum, cam asansör, cam labirent, çifte açmaz ve göstermecilik gibi kariyer engellerini yaratmaktadır. Kadınların, üst kademe yönetim pozisyonlarına yükselebilmeleri için, bu görünmeyen engelleri aşmalarını sağlayacak stratejiler geliştirdikleri saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kadınların kariyer gelişimi için hangi stratejilerin (cam tavanı aşma stratejileri) daha önemli olduğunu açıklamaktır. Araştırma neden sonuç ilişkisi (açıklayıcı) şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Veri toplama tekniği ankettir. Chen (2005) tarafından geliştirilen ve Yoğun-Erçen (2008) tarafından uyarlanan beş boyuta ait 15 soruluk kariyer gelişimi ölçeği ile yazarlar tarafından ilave edilen bir boyuta ait 3 soru yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Terfi etme düzeyi ise terfi etme sayısı ile ölçülmüştür. Kolayda örnekleme yoluyla Kars ve Erzurum ilinde özel sektörde (telekomünikasyon) en az bir kez terfi alan 77 kadın çalışana ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda genel ve mesleki eğitim alma, sosyal ilişkiler geliştirme, kariyer programlarına katılma, mentörden yardım alma, yüksek performans sergileme ve kişisel yaşamdan feragat etme şeklindeki kariyer geliştirme stratejilerinden sadece “kariyer programlarına katılma” stratejisinin kadınların terfi etmesini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır.

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Capla, Jozef, Peter Zaj�c, Vladim�r Vietoris, Jozef Curlej et Lubom�r Belej. « DETERMINATION OF SELECTED SPECIES TEXTURE PROCESSED CHEESE AND PROCESSED PRODUCTS DIFFERENT BATCHES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS KEEP THEM FOR EATING QUALITY ». Journal of Central European Agriculture 16, n^o 3 (2015) : 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/16.3.1618.

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Alvarado, Boris, Ricardo Espinoza Lolas et Patricio Landaeta Mardones. « Música y sensación sonora : John Tavener ». Hispania Sacra 66, n^o 134 (15 décembre 2014) : 767–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hs.2014.068.

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14

Shetty, Manohar. « Taverna ». Baffler 22 (mars 2013) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/bflr_a_00138.

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Zhang, Hyde, Stian Soiland-Reyes et Carole Goble. « Taverna Mobile : Taverna workflows on Android ». EMBnet.journal 19, B (14 octobre 2013) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.19.b.727.

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16

Conway, Paul. « John Tavener round-up ». Tempo 59, n^o 234 (21 septembre 2005) : 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004029820521032x.

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JOHN TAVENER: The Veil of the Temple. Choir of the Temple Church, Holst Singers, Patricia Rozaro (sop) c. Stephen Layton. RCA 82876661542.TAVENER: Lament for Jerusalem. Patricia Rozario (sop), Christopher Joey (counter-ten), Sydney Philharmonic Chorus, Australian Youth Orchestra c. Thomas Woods. ABC Classics 476 160–5.TAVENER: Birthday Sleep; Butterfly Dreams; The Second Coming; Schuon Hymen; As one who has slept; The Bridal Chamber; Exhortation and Kohima; Shunya. Polyphony c. Stephen Layton. Hyperion CDA67475.

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Tozzi, Federigo, et Minna Proctor. « The Tavern ». Chicago Review 47, n^o 1 (2001) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25304705.

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Henderson, Kathrine Andrews. « Herman Tavani ». ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 39, n^o 2 (septembre 2009) : 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1621918.1621928.

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Gjersvik, Petter. « Bruk tavlen ». Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 134, n^o 20 (2014) : 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.14.1160.

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Bogdanović, N. R., et D. B. Đorđević. « Tavern names ». Kultura, n^o 151 (2016) : 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura1651136b.

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Krēgere, Olga. « TAVERNS IN INDRA IN THE 1930s FROM A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW ». Via Latgalica, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2008) : 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2008.1.1603.

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Based on the sources and literature available to the author, as well as on data obtained during field study, the paper describes the origins and functions of a tavern in Daugavpils region (now Kraslava region) in the rural Indra municipality in the 1930s. The chronology of the paper is determined by the founding of the establishment in 1929 and its operation until 1940 when Latvia was occupied by the USSR army. The paper is organized into three topical parts: first, the origins of the tavern are described, then the environment and its development over time, and finally the fulfillment of the tavern’s objectives in the economic and cultural life. The paper is based on the following: 1) documents of the Latvian State Historical Archives (hereinafter LSHA): The 1935 census materials of the State Statistics committee; Orders to the authorities issued by the head of the administration of Daugavpils County; Notices of the Indra rural municipality (until 1937 Piedruja rural municipality) to the head of the administration of Daugavpils Region; Lists of taxpayers (1929–1940); Population statistics (1941– 1943), 2) Audiotape-recorded narrations of the tavern building heir Anna Šiško obtained during Rezekne University College’s (2007), as well as factual material obtained during the interview (2008). Judging by Jānis Šiško’s family’s purposeful construction of the tavern and its role in Indra’s economic and social culture in the 30’s of the 20th century, it can be considered that its main function was customer service. The operation and the use of the tavern was adjusted to the particular needs of the social life according to the conditions during that period. The location of the tavern within reach of the railway station and the market square provided advantageous lodging and recreation facilities. These were used by the buyers of agricultural goods and corners, called „uzkupči”, arriving on a regular weekly basis from far away, mainly from Riga, by the producers of these goods from the wide neighbourhood, as well as by local farmers in the periods of supply and sale of sugar-beet, flax, and live stock. Therefore, the operation of the tavern contributed greatly to the economic activity of the municipality. Organized recreation – dances and open-air parties in the tavern yard on the playground and in the specially arranged spacious premises of a shed with the border guards brass band, and regular theatre performances and celebrations at the occasion of public holidays – introduced the tavern to the social life of Indra and made it a popular entertainment place in the finest sense of the word and thereby contributed to the enrichment of the county’s cultural life.

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Morgan, Harry. « Music, Sexuality and Stagecraft in the Pseudo-Vergilian Copa ». Greek and Roman Musical Studies 5, n^o 1 (23 février 2017) : 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341291.

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The Pseudo-Vergilian Copa (‘The Female Tavern-Keeper’) opens with the eponymous character dancing ‘drunkenly’ and ‘sexily’ to the rhythms of the castanet. Her performance, which is accompanied by several other musical instruments, sets the scene for a brief, yet richly detailed, vignette describing the attractions of a rustic Roman tavern. This paper examines how the poet uses music to (re)construct the Copa’s sensory world. The dancing tavern-keeper is a complex literary creation, which incorporates influences from both the elegiac and pastoral traditions as well as from contemporary visual culture. Moreover, her characterisation as an erotic, exotic entertainer invites comparisons between the tavern, the dining-room and the theatre as interactive performance spaces. The alluring dancers and musicians who performed in these venues inspired a number of poetic depictions in the early imperial period, and the commonalities between these depictions can in turn shed valuable light on our poem and its elusive protagonist.

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Nisha, Sofina, Surendra Prasad et Jagdish Bhati. « Evaluation of soil nutrient management practices of taro farmers in Taveuni, Fiji ». South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, n^o 2 (2014) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14010.

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There is evidence that the soil health in Taveuni, Fiji is deteriorating over time threatening livelihoods of taro producers. The present study was conducted to understand the soil nutrient management practices followed by taro farmers in Taveuni. The study revealed that the farmers in Taveuni use various organic and chemical fertilizers and various other soil fertility management practices such as mulching, crop rotation with legumes, yagona and agroforestry. The quantity of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash (NPK) applied to taro crop on different types of soils was meager. The study further revealed that there was imbalanced and insufficient use of chemical fertilizers and organic sources of soil nutrients. The main cause of low use of fertilizers was that the farmers in Taveuni do not know the fertility status of their farms as no soil testing was ever done and majority of them are also not fully aware of various low-cost organic methods of maintaining soil fertility of farms.

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Bélanger, Anouk, et Lisa Sumner. « De la Taverne Joe Beef à l’Hypertaverne Edgar. La taverne comme expression populaire du Montréal industriel en transformation ». Globe 9, n^o 2 (16 février 2011) : 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000878ar.

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La taverne montréalaise a historiquement constitué un espace social et culturel d’animation et de protestation ouvrière à certains aspects des conditions liées à l’industrialisation. Cette culture de résistance a diminué avec l’accélération du développement industriel et l’intégration graduelle du mouvement ouvrier dans les structures et les pratiques du capitalisme contemporain. En explorant les pratiques et la culture populaire de la taverne montréalaise dans ses transformations et dans ses articulations conjoncturelles constantes, nous voulons en saisir le potentiel à la fois paradoxal et subversif. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons la culture de la taverne selon les dimensions suivantes : comme agora politique et lieu d’émergence de pratiques de résistance; comme espace homosocial; et comme espace résiduel dans le contexte post-fordiste de la ville. De façon générale, cet article est porté par l’argument que la culture de la taverne, en tant qu’articulation du développement et de la transformation du Montréal industriel, met l’accent sur le caractère ambigu des lieux populaires, qui sont propices à la fois à des logiques dominantes et à diverses logiques de résistance.

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Park, Adrian F., et Steven Ralser. « Structure of the Early Proterozoic Hurwitz Group in the Tavani area, Keewatin, Northwest Territories ». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, n^o 7 (1 juillet 1991) : 1078–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-098.

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A structural study of the Early Proterozoic Hurwitz Group has been carried out in the Tavani area, approximately 80 km southwest of Rankin Inlet, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. The Hurwitz Group, in the Tavani area, consists of orthoquartzites of the Kinga Formation (Whiterock Lake Member) and quartz-feldspar arenites and litharenites of the Tavani Formation. More localized lithologies include siltstone, sandstones, breccia, and shales beneath the Whiterock Lake Member and conglomerate, shales, and shale-clast breccias within the Tavani Formation.Open, northeast-trending folds dominate the Hurwitz Group, although overturned folds and easterly trending structures are developed locally. Later northwest-trending faults complicate the northeast-trending structural pattern. Three structural domains are defined: north of the Wilson River, the Whiterock Syncline, and the Last Lake belt. The interrelationship of folding and faulting creates distinctive patterns in each domain, though overall, folding is demonstrated to be a local response to basement faulting, including reactivation of Archean structures. An overall north–south compressive regime is envisaged in which heterogeneities in the Archean basement are responsible for local peculiarities.

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Bukvic, Dimitrije. « Espresso in taverns and other dilemmas - Dragoljub B. Djordjevic : The culture of tavern in the mirror of newspapers, Sluzbeni glasnik, Beograd, 2016 ». Socioloski pregled 51, n^o 3 (2017) : 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg51-15321.

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Warren, Claire V., María J. Maraver, Alberto de Luca et Bruno Kopp. « The Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) on P3 Event-Related Potentials during a Bayesian Oddball Task ». Brain Sciences 10, n^o 6 (25 juin 2020) : 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060404.

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Transcutaneous auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique associated with possible modulation of norepinephrinergic (NE) activity. NE is suspected to contribute to generation of the P3 event-related potential. Recent evidence has produced equivocal evidence whether taVNS influences the P3 in healthy individuals during oddball tasks. We examined the effect of taVNS on P3 amplitudes using a novel visual Bayesian oddball task, which presented 200 sequences of three stimuli. The three consecutive stimuli in each sequence are labelled Draw 1, Draw 2 and Draw 3. In total, 47 Subjects completed this visual Bayesian oddball task under randomised sham and active taVNS stimulation in parallel with an electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. We conducted exploratory analyses of the effect of taVNS on P3 amplitudes separately for Draws. We found typical oddball effects on P3 amplitudes at Draws 1 and 2, but not Draw 3. At Draw 2, the oddball effect was enhanced during active compared to sham taVNS stimulation. These data provide evidence that taVNS influences parietal P3 amplitudes under specific circumstances. Only P3 amplitudes at Draw 2 were affected, which may relate to closure of Bayesian inference after Draw 2. Our findings seemingly support previously reported links between taVNS and the NE system.

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Cappadona, Gabriele, et Giuseppe Provinzano. « Discorsi di Taverna ». Mimesis Journal, n^o 5, 1 (1 juillet 2016) : 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mimesis.1121.

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Waldron, Richard. « "A True Servant of the Lord" : Nils Collin, the Church of Sweden, and the American Revolution in Gloucester County ». New Jersey History 126, n^o 1 (26 octobre 2011) : 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njh.v126i1.1106.

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The following is the text of a talk, “Nils Collin, the Church of Sweden, and the American Revolution in Southern New Jersey,” presented during the conference “Piety, Politics and Public Houses: Churches, Taverns and Revolution in New Jersey,” (complementing the exhibition "Caught in the Crossfire: New Jersey Churches and Taverns in the American Revolution"), New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, New Jersey, March 8, 2003.

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Clarke, John. « Looking and laughing in ancient Rome ». Lampas 52, n^o 2 (1 juin 2019) : 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2019.2.007.clar.

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Summary Humor, both verbal and visual, is culture-specific. This essay examines humorous visual representations in their original archaeological and social contexts to understand Roman attitude-formation, or acculturation. Social theories of humor that distinguish between humor meant for individuals within a group (intragroup humor) and humor targeting individuals outside one’s group (intergroup humor) help explain the dynamics of the humor in Roman visual culture. Pompeii offers two examples of intragroup humor: representations in the Tavern of Salvius make fun of the non-elite people who frequented the tavern; the parodies of Aeneas and Romulus from an elite house make fun of the cultural pretensions of other elites with regard to Augustus’ propaganda. The Tavern of the Seven Sages at Ostia uses intergroup humor, with non-elite men mocking the Seven Sages. In this case Mikhail Bakhtin’s hermeneutic of the carnivalesque enriches the analysis by revealing multiple strategies employed to elicit laughter, including the world-turned upside down, analogies between bodily and spatial representation, and oppositions between philosophical and colloquial speech. In both the Tavern of Salvius and that of the Seven Sages written texts, ranging from crude Latin speech-bubbles to elegant iambic senarii, indicate the levels of literacy of the audiences.

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Dumoulin, Manon, Giulia Liberati, André Mouraux, Susana Ferrao Santos et Riëm El Tahry. « Transcutaneous auricular VNS applied to experimental pain : A paired behavioral and EEG study using thermonociceptive CO2 laser ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 7 (12 juillet 2021) : e0254480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254480.

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Background Transcutaneous auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique with potential analgesic effects. Several studies based on subjective behavioral responses suggest that taVNS modulates nociception differently with either pro-nociceptive or anti-nociceptive effects. Objective This study aimed to characterize how taVNS alters pain perception, by investigating its effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by different types of spinothalamic and lemniscal somatosensory stimuli, combined with quantitative sensory testing (detection threshold and intensity ratings). Methods We performed 3 experiments designed to study the time-dependent effects of taVNS and compare with standard cervical VNS (cVNS). In Experiment 1, we assessed the effects of taVNS after 3 hours of stimulation. In Experiment 2, we focused on the immediate effects of the duty cycle (OFF vs. ON phases). Experiments 1 and 2 included 22 and 15 healthy participants respectively. Both experiments consisted of a 2-day cross-over protocol, in which subjects received taVNS and sham stimulation sequentially. In addition, subjects received a set of nociceptive (thermonociceptive CO2 laser, mechanical pinprick) and non-nociceptive (vibrotactile, cool) stimuli, for which we recorded detection thresholds, intensity of perception and ERPs. Finally, in Experiment 3, we tested 13 epileptic patients with an implanted cVNS by comparing OFF vs. ON cycles, using a similar experimental procedure. Results Neither taVNS nor cVNS appeared to modulate the cerebral and behavioral aspects of somatosensory perception. Conclusion The potential effect of taVNS on nociception requires a cautious interpretation, as we found no objective change in behavioral and cerebral responses to spinothalamic and lemniscal somatosensory stimulations.

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Purevsuren, B., S. Jargalmaa, B. Bat-Ulzil, B. Avid et T. Gerelmaa. « Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from Tavan tolgoi deposit ». Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (1 octobre 2014) : 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.191.

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On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the Tavan tolgoi coal is a high-rank G mark stone coal. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Tavan tolgoi coal is a subbituminous coal. The ash of Tavan tolgoi coal has an acidic character. The results of pyrolysis of Tavan tolgoi coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield - 5.0% of liquid product can be obtained at 700°C. The results of thermal dissolution of Tavan tolgoi coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at 450°C show that 50.0% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the COM (coal organic matter). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.191 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p12-19

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Ineson, J. R., F. Surlyk, A. K. Higgins et J. S. Peel. « Slope apron and deep shelf sediments of the Brønlund Fjord and Tavsens Iskappe Groups (Lower Cambrian – Lower Ordovician), North Greenland : stratigraphy, facies and depositional setting ». Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 169 (1 janvier 1994) : 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v169.6725.

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The aim of this paper is to present a review of the stratigraphy and regional depositional setting of the Brønlund Fjord and Tavsens Iskappe Groups in their northern outcrop. In addition, the Kap Stanton Formation, a new formation of the Tavsens Iskappe Group, is formally defined. In particular, the aim is to clarify the relationship between these northern sections and the better known, more proximal shelf sediments of the southern outcrop belt.

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Gromnyuk, Adriana. « INN AS A UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL FEATURE OF CATERING ESTABLISHMENT ». Current problems of architecture and urban planning, n^o 58 (30 novembre 2020) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.56-64.

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The analysis of inn, as first catering companies, was performed in the present article. There were explored their planning, functional, typological and compositional features in the context of the tools search for the formation unique images and national identity of the environment of catering institutions. The main inn functions are highlighted as food and beverages consumption, accommodation service, administration, trading, social and cultural entertainment, warehousing etc. The building of the simplest inn was based on a planning type of the house ”by two halves” – consisted of two rooms that were divided by the hay: inns and accommodation were the one could stay over. The inn, in turn, was divided by a wall into two parts: a tavern with counters and tables with benches. A type of inn were ones with drive-inns (drive-inn backyards). They were larger, with longer arcades that went deep through entire building. Later, a new type of inn appeared – drive-in accommodation. Those differed from the normal inn by a larger number of rooms of various purposes, that were separated in groups according to their purposes. These included the owner’s family accommodations, guests rooms, utility rooms and a horse yard or covered stable. It was discovered that the taverns by their spatial and planning structure were derived from the buildings similar to countryside houses and their functional, decorative and compositional means were quite humble. Therefore, the source of architectural and artistic means for the ethnic motives use in the modern environment of catering establishments is both the inn architecture and housing mean (Ukrainian rural housing of the late XIX and early XX centuries). There were identified the main architectural and artistic means of using Ukrainian ethnic motifs in the architecture of modern interiors of catering establishments.

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Yu, Yutian, Xun He, Jinling Zhang, Chunzhi Tang et Peijing Rong. « Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation inhibits hypothalamic P2Y1R expression and attenuates weight gain without decreasing food intake in Zucker diabetic fatty rats ». Science Progress 104, n^o 2 (avril 2021) : 003685042110096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211009669.

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Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that harbor a mutation in the leptin receptor innately develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) with obesity. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) has an antidiabetic effect in ZDF rats. However, the underlying mechanisms of the weight-gain attenuating effect in ZDF rats by taVNS is still unclear. This study aimed to assess whether the weight-gain attenuating effect of taVNS in ZDF rats is associated with changes in the central nervous system (CNS) expression of P2Y1 receptors (P2Y1R). Adult male ZDF rats were subjected to taVNS and transcutaneous non-vagal nerve stimulation (tnVNS). Their food intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. P2Y1R expression in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus was evaluated by western blotting. Hypothalamic P2Y1R expressing cells were detected using immunohistochemistry. Naïve ZDF rats were much heavier ( p < 0.05) than their lean littermates (ZL rats), with elevated hypothalamic P2Y1R expression ( p < 0.05). Further, taVNS but not tnVNS attenuated weight gain ( p < 0.05) without decreasing food intake ( p > 0.05) and suppressed hypothalamic P2Y1R expression in ZDF rats ( p < 0.05). Moreover, P2Y1R showed major expression in astrocytes of ZDF rats’ hypothalamus. ZDF rats innately develop obesity associated with elevated hypothalamic P2Y1R expression. taVNS attenuates weight gain in ZDF rats without changes in food intake, suggesting increased energy expenditure. Whether the reduced hypothalamic P2Y1R expression in response to taVNS is mechanistically linked to the increased energy expenditure remains to be determined.

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Roberts, Edward. « Inns, Taverns and Alehouses in Hampshire 1300–1600 ». Hampshire Studies 75, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2020) : 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020006.

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In late-medieval and Tudor England inns, taverns and alehouses were perceived to be three classes of building that could be distinguished one from another. In a Privy Council Certificate of 1577 regarding Hampshire, such distinctions and differences were tacitly understood rather than explicitly defined. This study seeks to identify these defining characteristics: specifically, the plan-forms and typical locations in which inns, taverns and alehouses were to be found. To this end the physical remains of some Hampshire buildings are analysed and documentary evidence is assessed. The year 1300 has been set as a start-date for this study because it was in the 14th century that inns in England were emerging as public, commercial enterprises and the year 1600 has been set as an end-date because around this time the distinction between inns, taverns and ale-houses was beginning to blur to such an extent that their study becomes problematic.

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Evans, Dai Morgan. « The Society of Antiquaries, 1707–18 : meeting places and origin stories ». Antiquaries Journal 89 (3 août 2009) : 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581509990011.

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AbstractThe genesis of this paper lay in the 2007 Tercentenary celebrations of the Society of Antiquaries and the challenge of compiling a tour of the premises used by the Society for its meetings prior to the Society’s move into a permanent home at Somerset House in 1780. The first part of the paper deals with the competing claims of the Bear in the Strand and the Young Devil taverns as the location for the foundation meeting of the Society of Antiquaries in 1707. The second part examines the evidence for the precise locations of these two taverns, a subject curiously neglected by antiquaries, together with an attempt to determine the character of the taverns. The paper then considers the demise of the 1707 Society and examines the evidence for the claim that 1707 marks the foundation year of the present Society of Antiquaries. Reference is also made to the other known meeting places of the Society up to 1718.

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Wu, Dandong, Jingxi Ma, Liping Zhang, Sanrong Wang, Botao Tan et Gongwei Jia. « Effect and Safety of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Recovery of Upper Limb Motor Function in Subacute Ischemic Stroke Patients : A Randomized Pilot Study ». Neural Plasticity 2020 (1 août 2020) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841752.

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Background. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is regarded as a potential method for recovery in stroke. The effectiveness of taVNS in acute and subacute stroke should be further discussed as previously, only a few small-scale trials have focused on chronic stroke patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect and safety of taVNS on upper limb motor function in subacute ischemic stroke patients. Methods. Twenty-one subacute ischemia stroke patients with single upper limb motor function impairment were enrolled and randomly assigned to conventional rehabilitation training with real or sham taVNS, delivered for 15 consecutive days. Electrodes were fixed to the cymba conchae of the left ear with or without electrical stimulation. Conventional rehabilitation training was performed immediately after the end of real or sham taVNS by the same therapists. Baseline assessments were performed on day 0 of enrollment, and posttreatment evaluations were performed at 15 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after the first intervention. The assessment included the upper limb Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA-U), the Wolf motor function test (WMFT), the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), and Brunnstrom stage. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after each taVNS intervention. At the same time, any adverse effects were observed during the procedure. Outcomes were assessed by a blind evaluator. Results. There were no significant differences in FMA-U, WMFT, FIM, and Brunnstrom scores between the two groups at baseline (P>0.05). At the endpoint, the FMA-U, WMFT, and FIM scores were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and there was a significantly greater improvement of those measurements in taVNS group compared with sham-taVNS group (P<0.05). Significant improvements in FMA-U score were found between groups at follow-up. Only one case of skin redness occurred during the study. Conclusions. This study revealed that taVNS appeared to be beneficial to the recovery of upper limb motor function in subacute ischemia stroke patients without obvious adverse effects. Trial registration. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800019635 on 20 November 2018 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=32961).

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Mion, François, Sonia Pellissier, Aurélien Garros, Henri Damon, Sabine Roman et Bruno Bonaz. « Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome : a pilot, open-label study ». Bioelectronics in Medicine 3, n^o 1 (mars 2020) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bem-2020-0004.

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Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent disease, associating chronic abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits. The sympatho-vagal balance may be altered in IBS. We tested the effect of transcutaneous auricular stimulation of the left vagus nerve (taVNS) on symptoms and physiological and biological variables. Patients & methods: Twelve IBS women agreed to apply taVNS for 6 months. Evaluation was based on feasibility, symptoms, psychological questionnaires, fecal caprotectin, blood cytokines and bowel transit times. Results: Nine patients completed the trial: there was a significant improvement of symptoms at 3 and 6 months although none of the measured variables were modified by taVNS. Conclusion: The results suggest taVNS is feasible and may improve IBS symptoms. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results. ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02420158.

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Denny, Don. « The Tavant Crypt Frescoes ». Viator 20 (janvier 1989) : 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.2.301361.

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Korovessis, Panagiotis. « Greek Tavern by Psathopyrgos ». Spine 38, n^o 7 (avril 2013) : i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e31828ff866.

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Thomas, Mark. « Lowry's in Tempest's Tavern ». Explicator 47, n^o 1 (septembre 1988) : 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1988.9933877.

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Luo, Wenting, Yue Zhang, Zhaoxian Yan, Xian Liu, Xiaoyan Hou, Weicui Chen, Yongsong Ye, Hui Li et Bo Liu. « The Instant Effects of Continuous Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation at Acupoints on the Functional Connectivity of Amygdala in Migraine without Aura : A Preliminary Study ». Neural Plasticity 2020 (10 décembre 2020) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870589.

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Background. A growing body of evidence suggests that both auricular acupuncture and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can induce antinociception and relieve symptoms of migraine. However, their instant effects and central treatment mechanism remain unclear. Many studies proved that the amygdalae play a vital role not only in emotion modulation but also in pain processing. In this study, we investigated the modulation effects of continuous taVNS at acupoints on the FC of the bilateral amygdalae in MwoA. Methods. Thirty episodic migraineurs were recruited for the single-blind, crossover functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Each participant attended two kinds of eight-minute stimulations, taVNS and sham-taVNS (staVNS), separated by seven days in random order. Finally, 27 of them were included in the analysis of seed-to-voxel FC with the left/right amygdala as seeds. Results. Compared with staVNS, the FC decreased during taVNS between the left amygdala and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral paracentral lobules, bilateral postcingulum gyrus, and right frontal superior medial gyrus, so did the FC of the right amygdala and left MFG. A significant positive correlation was observed between the FC of the left amygdala and right SMA and the frequency/total time of migraine attacks during the preceding four weeks. Conclusion. Continuous taVNS at acupoints can modulate the FC between the bilateral amygdalae and pain-related brain regions in MwoA, involving the limbic system, default mode network, and pain matrix, with obvious differences between the left amygdala and the right amygdala. The taVNS may produce treatment effects by modulating the abnormal FC of the amygdala and pain networks, possibly having the same central mechanism as auricular acupuncture.

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Planas, Javier. « Alessandro Corubolo y Maria Gioia Tavoni, Imprentas nómadas. Artefactos, conspiraciones y propaganda. Buenos Aires, Ampersand, 2019, Scripta Manent, 316 páginas ». Orbis Tertius 25, n^o 31 (11 mai 2020) : e159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18517811e159.

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Livoi, ANTONY, A. W. Mwang' ombe, E. Nyaboga, D. Kilalo et E. Obutho. « Prevalence and Distribution of Cassava Bacterial Blight in the Kenyan Coast ». Agricultural Science 3, n^o 1 (18 février 2021) : p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v3n1p7.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the staple food crops grown in Kenya. Diseases remain one of the major constraints for cassava production. Apart from other major viral diseaes Cassava mosaic and Cassava brown streak, Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv cassavae are a major constraint in cassava production in Kenya. This study was done to identify the prevalence, distribution, and farmers' knowledge of cassava bacterial blight in the coastal region of Kenya. A survey was conducted involving 250 farmers who were randomly selected from two regions of Kilifi and Taita Taveta counties. Among the 250 farmers interviewed, 61.6 % identified cassava bacterial blight symptoms in their farms. The main varieties found growing in the region were Tajirika, Karembo, Kibandameno, and Shibe which were all confirmed by farmers as susceptible to cassava bacterial blight. During the survey, plant samples were randomly collected in the field. Out of the 70 samples collected, 40 of them were confirmed positive with X.pv manihotis and X.pv cassavae which cause cassava bacterial blight. The study concluded that there is a widespread of cassava bacterial blight in Kilifi and Taita taveta counties. Kilifi County had the highest incidence of 22% with Taita Taveta having the lowest incidence of 13%. Kilifi County had a higher severity of 8% as compared to Taita Taveta which had 5% Severity. Therefore there is a need for a proper management program to be deployed in managing the disease to enhance cassava production in the region.

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Lacoste, Pablo. « Wine and Women : Grape Growers and Pulperas in Mendoza, 1561–1852 ». Hispanic American Historical Review 88, n^o 3 (1 août 2008) : 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-329.

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Abstract This article examines the role of entrepreneurial women in colonial Mendoza, a trade and transport center characterized by wine production. In other economic activities, such as cattle raising and transportation, female ownership of the local means of productions was practically nonexistent. Women were increasingly important in the cultivation of vineyards and in the production and selling of wine in taverns and stores (pulperías). This development was brought about by three factors: first, Hispanic ideology allowed women a privileged space in the cultivation of vineyards, as is illustrated in Fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583). Second, as a transportation center, Mendoza had many men who worked as muleteers, on wagon trains, and on cattle drives; their extended absences generated greater responsibilities and independence for women. Third, the example set by the first taverns and wineries in Mendoza created models for other women to pursue. For all these reasons, women took advantage of opportunities in vineyards and taverns, thus advancing their own economic and mental emancipation. This study is based on unpublished documents in the Archivo Histórico de Mendoza and the Archivo Nacional in Santiago, Chile.

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Guo, Xiao, Yuanyuan Zhao, Feng Huang, Shaoyuan Li, Man Luo, Yu Wang, Jinling Zhang et al. « Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Peripheral and Central Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Rats with Depression-Chronic Somatic Pain Comorbidity ». Neural Plasticity 2020 (21 octobre 2020) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885729.

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Depression and pain disorders share a high degree of comorbidity. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression-chronic somatic pain comorbidity. In this study, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on blood and brain regional tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in rats with depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups with 10 each: control, model, model treated with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), and model treated with electroacupuncture (EA). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to produce depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity in the latter 3 groups. The rats of the taVNS and EA groups received, respectively, taVNS and EA at ST 36 for 28 days. Pain intensity was measured using a mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal stimulation latency once biweekly. Depressive behavior was examined using a sucrose preference test at baseline and the end of modeling and intervention. The level of plasma TNF-α and the expression of TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus were measured. While CUMS plus CCI produced remarkable depression-like behavior and pain disorders, EA and taVNS significantly improved depression and reduced pain intensity. CUMS plus CCI also resulted in a significant increase in plasma TNF-α level and the expression in all brain regions examined compared to the intact controls. Both EA and taVNS interventions, however, suppressed the elevated level of TNF-α. These results suggest that EA and taVNS have antidepressant and analgesic effects. Such effects may be associated with the suppression of TNF-α-related neuroinflammation.

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Mega, Orestes Jayme. « ECOLOGIA SIMBÓLICA DE UMA ALDEIA MBYÁ-GUARANI : O CASO DA TEKOÁ TAVAÍ ». Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 14, n^o 28 (6 décembre 2017) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v14i28.11925.

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Resumo: Este artigo aborda aspectos da ecologia simbólica Mbyá-Guarani presentes na aldeia denominada Tekoá Tavaí, localizada no município de Cristal, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ecologia simbólica pode ser entendida como uma forma de expressar conceitos cosmológicos através da percepção e concepção que um coletivo tem sobre o meio ambiente. A mitologia Mbyá serviu de fundamento para a análise aqui apresentada. Através dela foi verificada a presença de entidades espirituais, em diferentes feições ambientais existentes na aldeia Tekoá Tavaí, que interferem diretamente nas relações ecológicas da paisagem.Abstract: this article discusses aspects of the symbolic ecology present in the village called tekoá Tavaí, located in the Cristal municipality, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Symbolic Ecology may be understood as a way of expressing cosmological concepts through the perception and conception that a collective has about the environment. The Mbyá mythology was the fundament to the analysis presented here. Through this mythology it was verified the presence of spiritual entities in different environmental features present in the tekoá Tavaí village and that interfere in the ecological relations in the landscape.

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JOHNSON, MELISSA A. « Revision of Cyrtandra tempestii (Gesneriaceae) and the description of Cyrtandra tuiwawai from Taveuni, Fiji ». Phytotaxa 429, n^o 4 (22 janvier 2020) : 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.4.1.

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Cyrtandra tempestii, a species endemic to the southeast coast of Taveuni, Fiji, is reevaluated in light of recent field collections and a thorough examination of herbarium specimens. A revised description of this species based on observations and morphological measurements from the field is presented here. Cyrtandra tuiwawai sp. nov. was formerly included under C. tempestii based on similarities in floral morphology and is described here as a new species endemic to the montane forests of Taveuni. Habitat preference, as well as morphological characters, distinguish the two species from one another. The addition of C. tuiwawai brings the total number of Cyrtandra species in Fiji to 42, and supports the need for continued fieldwork in the region.

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Kümin, Beat. « Useful To Have, But Difficult To Govern. Inns and Taverns in Early Modern Bern and Vaud ». Journal of Early Modern History 3, n^o 2 (1999) : 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006599x00035.

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AbstractThis essay examines the significance of inns and taverns in the early modern period. Drawing above all on a series of registers from the French and German lands of the Swiss Republic of Bern, the discussion is presented in two parts. A first section investigates structural aspects such as ownership, clientele, and the remarkably multifunctional character of these establishments. The second part illustrates the continuing growth in provision during the Ancien Régime and the limited impact of government regulation. It is argued that inns and taverns became the most prominent social centres in early modern local communities and that popular demand for their services prevailed over sustained campaigns to restrict numbers and discipline patrons.

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