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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Technological spillover »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Carlisle, E. R. « Spillover Asymmetries and a Comparative Technological Advantage ». American Economist 36, n^o 1 (mars 1992) : 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459203600103.

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This paper offers a framework for examining technology spillovers extant between research teams. A policy-relevant finding is that firms' research organizations must strive to absorb foreign technology. The result of a technology spillover imbalance or asymmetry is that from a country or policy perspective, even for countries sustaining a superior number of world-class research teams, a comparative technological advantage may be lost if the domestic R/D teams fail to absorb and exploit technology as aggressively as foreign rivals.

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Usman, Muhammad, Gulnaz Hameed, Abdul Saboor et Khuram Nawaz. « Technological Spillovers, Manufacturing Growth and Transboundary Pollution in Case of Pakistan ». Journl of Applied Economics and Business Studies 4, n^o 2 (30 juin 2020) : 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.422.

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Role of technological spillover in manufacturing sector growth and climate change is the running debate in the world to avoid the problem of production inefficiency and environmental damages. Environment friendly technological spillover plays pivotal role in manufacturing sector growth which leads to economic growth. In order to investigate the inconclusiveness of the major issues of production inefficiency and climate change in Pakistan the current research was aimed at finding the relationship between technological spillovers, manufacturing growth and climate change. To meet the objectives, the study investigated both short run and long run dynamics by employing Autoregressive Distributive Lagged (ARDL) model. An annual time series data over the period of 1973 to 2017 was collected for comparative analysis of technological spillover performance in manufacturing sector and environmental condition of the country. The results of CUSM test and Bound test validated the existence of long run co-integration relationship among estimated models. The results demonstrated that technological spillover performs significantly positive role in manufacturing growth with less absorptive ability. The empirical analysis proved that technological spillover and imported technology have affirmative role in reducing amount of net Carbon emission over the long run. It is suggested that the firms should adopt innovative technologies and try to improve absorptive capacity while government must opt country specific policies to control negative externalities.

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Wang, Mengzhen, et Baekryul Choi. « An Analysis of the Impact of International R&D Spillovers and Technology Innovation in China ». Sustainability 15, n^o 3 (19 janvier 2023) : 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031968.

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To test the impact of international R&D spillovers on China’s technological innovation, we collect and use province-country-level data from 23 provinces from 2001 to 2020 to fill a measurement gap of international R&D spillovers, so that our measurement can avoid ‘aggregation bias’ unlike the calculation methods in previous studies. We find that imports act as an effective international R&D spillover channel for improving technological innovation. Meanwhile, international R&D spillover through inward FDI and imports positively promotes China’s innovation performance. It suggests to policymakers that continuing to open up the economy and attract high-quality inward FDI is still required. Moreover, our results confirm that the eastern region enjoys a more significant international R&D spillover effect because of a more effective innovation environment. Hence, we suggest that given the inherent short board in the central and western regions, preferential policies to make up for this short board should be proposed to improve the innovation environment in the inland regions so as to enjoy a more significant international R&D spillover effect. Finally, we also observe that different periods of economic growth and the development levels of source countries also result in heterogeneous innovation impacts of international R&D spillover effects.

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Keller, Wolfgang. « Geographic Localization of International Technology Diffusion ». American Economic Review 92, n^o 1 (1 février 2002) : 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282802760015630.

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Income convergence across countries turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. I estimate the amount of spillovers from R&D expenditures on a geographic basis, using a new data set which encompasses most of the world's innovative activity between 1970 and 1995. I find that technology is to a substantial degree local, not global, as the benefits from spillovers are declining with distance. The distance at which the amount of spillovers is halved is about 1,200 kilometers. I also find that over time, technological knowledge has become considerably more global. Moreover, language skills are important for spillover diffusion.

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Sabbadin, Elisa, Ivan De Noni et Fiorenza Belussi. « Cross-border acquisitions and technological spillover : evidence from European regional clusters ». Competitiveness Review : An International Business Journal 32, n^o 5 (10 novembre 2022) : 821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-11-2021-0166.

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Purpose Relying on mergers and acquisition transaction-level data set and adopting a more region-specific approach with a focus on industry-region pairs, this paper aims to examine how cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) have an effect, in terms of technological spillover and collaboration, on European regional clusters. Design/methodology/approach Adopting an industry-region pair approach, this study is based on a quantitative analysis of regional clusters belonging to 262 European regions and 25 patenting industries. Different thresholds of industrial specialization are used to identify clustering industries within a region. Invention performance at the regional cluster level is defined through two sets of different measurements to assess the impact of CBAs on invention quantity performance and internal and external technological collaboration. Findings The results reveal that CBAs have a positive and significant impact on the number of patents as well as the number of internal and external technological collaborations and that this effect is persistent over time. Furthermore, through exploring the interindustry technological spillover effect of CBAs registered in the same region of a cluster but outside the cluster itself, the authors found that CBAs in a regional cluster are inclined to produce technological spillovers within the cluster but no significant effects in the other industries of the region. Originality/value This paper is an attempt to empirically explore CBAs and technological spillover in European regional clusters. Therefore, it contributes to the debate, thanks to the use of an industry-region pair approach.

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Liao, Tsai-Ju. « Clusters, technological knowledge spillovers, and performance ». Management Decision 53, n^o 2 (16 mars 2015) : 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2014-0560.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the cluster effect by decomposing the broad category of “clusters” into cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers. Further, this study questions whether all foreign firms benefit equally from participation in geographic clusters. Specifically, the paper examines the moderating roles of local ownership ties and a local market orientation with respect to the benefits of cluster size and technological knowledge spillover. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Database of Enterprises in China, this study examines a sample of 2,200 Taiwanese manufacturing firms operating in China from 2005 to 2007. Findings – The paper found that increased cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers help to enhance foreign firms’ financial performance. The analysis also shows that local ownership ties and a local market orientation have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between cluster size, technological knowledge spillovers, and performance. Originality/value – This study distinguishes between the effects of cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers, which is an important step toward demystifying the “black box” of cluster benefits. Further, due to the liability of foreignness and the lack of legitimacy that foreign firms face when operating in emerging economies, this study integrates the cluster perspective and the legitimacy perspective to discuss whether foreign firms can actively adopt strategic behaviors that will help to improve their legitimacy and enable them to better capture potential cluster benefits.

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Pradeep, V., Mita Bhattacharya et Jong-Rong Chen. « Spillover Effects of Research and Development, Exports and Foreign Investment on Productivity ». Journal of South Asian Development 12, n^o 1 (avril 2017) : 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174117700467.

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The economic reforms in India since the early 1990s have aimed to improve the productivity and competitiveness of major industries. This article examines direct and indirect (spillover) effects from research and development (R&D), exporting activities and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of foreign and domestic manufacturing firms. Our empirical model employs data from over 1,000 Indian manufacturing firms between 1994 and 2008. With a balanced panel, robust estimation techniques including generalized method of moment (GMM) and system-GMM (sys-GMM) are employed for our empirical analysis. In most cases, our findings indicate that foreign presence has a significant positive spillover effect on the productivity of Indian manufacturing firms when compared to alternative spillovers from R&D and export initiatives. The spillover effects may vary due to R&D efforts and exporting activities. We also find that spillovers may vary between FDI and non-FDI firms and with the technological advances of industries.

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Pittiglio, Rosanna, Filippo Reganati et Edgardo Sica. « Vertical spillovers from multinational enterprises : Does technological gap matter ? » Panoeconomicus 63, n^o 3 (2016) : 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1603313p.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) from Multinational enterprises (MNEs) can augment the productivity of domestic firms insofar as knowledge ?spills over? from foreign investors to local producers. The capacity of local companies to exploit knowledge from MNEs can be affected by the technology gap between foreign and local enterprises at both horizontal (in the same industry) and vertical (in different industries) level. Whereas most of the empirical literature has focused exclusively on the analysis of horizontal and backward spillovers (i.e. between MNEs and local suppliers), the present paper also examines the relationship between FDI-related spillovers and technological gap in the Italian manufacturing sector at forward level (i.e. between MNEs and local buyers). Results suggest that at both intra-industry and forward level, the technological gap is of considerable importance for the spillover effect, particularly in the case of low-medium gap.

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Aldieri, Luigi, et Concetto Paolo Vinci. « Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation : A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis ». Sustainability 11, n^o 10 (15 mai 2019) : 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102775.

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This paper explores the relationship between firm size and sustainable innovation in large international firms. To this end, we develop a labor demand framework. The contribution to the literature is to explore external knowledge in determining the employment impact of sustainable innovation. Our investigation is based on firms in three economic areas: Europe, Japan, and the United States. In this way, we will appreciate the extent to which the technological spillovers are important from a geographical perspective. The findings provide evidence of the significance of spillover effects on a firm’s size; however, these effects depend on the spillover stock type.

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Yang, Xiao Wei. « Research on the Technology Spillovers Effect of Import in the Yangtze Delta Region ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (septembre 2014) : 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.1263.

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Import is an effective way to absorb technology spillovers. This paper firstly uses cointegration theory to analyze the technology spillover effect of import in the Yangtze Delta Region. The results show that import plays an important role in technological progress in the Yangtze Delta Region. Finally, this paper points out the policy implications of the above findings.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Shimizu, Hiroshi. « Competition, knowledge spillover, and innovation : technological development of semiconductor lasers, 1960-1990 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/84/.

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Knowledge plays an important role in economic growth. The role of technological knowledge significantly increased after the Industrial Revolution. Firms internalised technological knowledge in their R&D laboratories and placed knowledge creation in a central position in their business strategies. Both the stock and flow of technological knowledge and the tight interaction among science and engineering became indispensable to the competitive advantage of industry, as well as modern economic growth. Directing its attention to knowledge creation and spillover, this thesis scrutinises the development of semiconductor lasers from 1960 to 1990. The semiconductor laser became one of the most important developments in the optoelectronics industry underlying the drastic changes that took place during the last half of the twentieth century in information technology, and it has become the most widely used laser since the 1980s. Reviewing the optoelectronics industry in the U.S. and Japan, the Japan Technology Evaluation Center (JTEC) found that “Japan clearly led in consumer optoelectronics, that both countries were competitive in communications and networks, and that the United States held a clear lead in custom optoelectronics.” “Japan’s lead in high-volume consumer optoelectronics and related technologies gave it a dominant share of the overall global optoelectronics market.” This thesis explores how the patterns of comparative advantages emerged, which were indicated by the JTEC report. How did Japanese firms gain technological competitiveness in high volume product markets? How did the U.S. firms come to be competitive in niche markets? Through scrutinizing patent data, it examines the engineers’ network, mobility, and the pattern of technological choice in R&D competition. Introducing the two different types of knowledge--current technological domain specific knowledge and lateral utilization knowledge--it showed how different patterns of knowledge spillover emerged and resulted in the different paths of technological development in the U.S. and Japan. Based on the high star-engineers’ mobility and the well developed research network, the U.S. firms tended to spin off from their parent firms and targeted niche markets. Therefore, knowledge spillover emerged in the areas where semiconductor laser technology was applied and exploited to fill untapped markets. In contrast, the pattern of competition of Japanese firms induced knowledge spillovers to enhance the development of core semiconductor laser technology instead of exploiting niche product markets.

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Lenger, Aykut. « Technological Capability And Economic Growth : A Study On The Manufacturing Industries In Turkey ». Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605417/index.pdf.

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This thesis was motivated by the importance of technological capability for economic growth process in developing countries. The main objective of this study is to analyze the creation of technological capability in the Turkish manufacturing industry
and to set out opportunities and impediments for technological development by ascribing special emphasis to MNCs in this process within the framework of national innovation system. The technology policy advice relying on attracting foreign firms is also questioned. In order to shed light on how technological capability is accumulated in the Turkish manufacturing industry
and to understand the role that MNCs play in this process, the thesis investigates static and dynamic spillover effects of MNCs in the Turkish manufacturing industry. The study also focuses on the factors that determine innovativeness of, and the technology transfer by the firms in Turkey, and the role of MNCs in this context. The probable effects of firm and technology specific characteristics such as size and technology level are taken into consideration in the analyses. Our results suggest that foreign firms are superior to domestic firms in many respects. There are no horizontal or vertical spillovers from MNCs in Turkey for the 1983-2000 period. We found lagged positive horizontal spillovers, though. However, these spillovers are far beyond to register a net dynamic benefit for the whole Turkish manufacturing industry to be felt in the current period. This lagged spillover is found for large firms
and one can mention net dynamic positive spillovers for the large firms. We also found positive spillovers from labor transfer from MNCs to domestic firms for the 1995 and 2000 period. We conclude that technological capability is limited in domestic firms
and it can be improved by on-the-job training and general education policies as well as increasing domestic R&
D. The technology policies relying attracting more FDI should be reviewed given the insights provided by the analysis conducted in this thesis.

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Kawakami, Tetsu, et Eri Yamada. « Assessing Dynamic Externalities from a Cluster Perspective : The Case of the Motor Metropolis in Japan ». 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18512.

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SILEI, DAVID. « Trade-off between research risk and major innovations : a theoretical discussion to understand optimal R&D ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1072108.

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The activities of research and development have been transforming our society for the last centuries and nowadays their importance is even greater due to the high level of technology required by all players in the economy. It is important to firms, since R\&D represents the key for profits in many growing sectors, such as the microelectronic, the automobile and the pharmaceutical ones; to customers, who have `modern' needs that can be satisfied only with high standards of technology, such as the need to be constantly online, as it is proved by the spreading of social media, to receive real-time information, and to use the internet to perform everyday-tasks, such as online shopping with home delivery; and to public institutions, since technological development may be an engine for growth and welfare improvements. It is no surprise that many economic papers, published mainly between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s, have addressed the topic of R\&D from various perspectives and enriched our knowledge in this regard; a survey of such literature is not repeated here because is provided throughout the following chapters. More specifically with the present thesis I plan to contribute to the literature concerning the field of R\&D risk, that is the risk of conducting an R\&D investment without producing any innovation, from both private producers and social planner perspectives. Focusing on the private aspect, the possibility for a research activity to fail represents a negative factor able to decrease profits of firms, especially when the amount of investment in R\&D is considerably high. On the other hand many firms decide to embark on risky projects because they have greater potential in delivering ground-breaking innovations. In other words firms may be willing to take greater risk to obtain better innovations, at least to a partial extent; in fact a growing number of firms is forming research consortia with the objective to share the risk related to R\&D and to aim at major innovations. As for the social perspective, the government has a limited availability of public funds and should carefully address resources in a welfare-maximising way. It is common in the real world to dispense subsidies to researching firms in order to foster technological development and to obtain welfare gains. In particular governments may decide to grant subsidies to either safer research projects that have larger probability to produce an innovation or riskier projects which might deliver larger benefits to the population. It is the case for instance of the millions of dollars that governments invest into the pharmaceutical sector for the discovery of new medicines against dangereous deseases, which are worth investing even if a large share of the funded projects inevitably do not deliver the expected results. The present dissertation represents an opportunity to discuss these topics and other related to the activity of research and development. The approach followed in the thesis is theoretical since it is based on a benchmark model of industrial organization in which two firms operate in the same sector and compete à la Cournot over the quantity of a homogeneous good. At the pre-competitive stage producers can decide to invest in research and development, where the research output is an innovation that raises firm efficiency. A peculiarity of the model is the presence of technological spillovers: the investment of one firm is likely to benefit the rival, at least to a partial extent, due to the possibility of observing and replicating innovations. The incentive of firms to invest is thus lowered if the spillover rate is large, since the rival can free-ride on technological development and obtain a large benefit at no extra cost. To overcome this issue firms have the possibility to sign a cooperative agreement: in this case they form a research cartel and choose the level of investment to maximise the joint level of profits of cartel members. From this kind of model, largely adopted in the literature, it is possible to show that cartels are willing to invest more than non cooperative firms and thus are welfare-improving, provided that the spillover rate is sufficiently large. On the contrary if spillovers are low research cartels invest lower amount of resources and are welfare-reducing. In chapter 1 I add the element of research risk to the benchmark model. The R\&D activity needs not deliver an innovation to the firms, which thus face a certain risk level represented by the negative event of research failure. Hence there are two possible outcomes: the research activity produces either an innovation or nothing. Firms may select the optimal risk rate by choosing among different research projects, which thus differ in their `degree of ambition'. The trade-off for greater risk is represented by higher marginal returns: given the level of investment riskier projects might deliver better innovations and higher gains in efficiency. The focus of the chapter is the solution of such trade-off between R\&D risk and ambition for profit-oriented firms. I show that such solution depends on the presence of technological spillovers. In general they may serve as an insurance instrument to firms, which can implement a new technology even when own R\&D fails provided that the rival's is successful. If spillovers are sufficiently large, the insurance effect fosters the adoption of riskier research projects. However I show that this argument may be overturned when firms form a research cartel due to the impact of spillovers on investment: cooperative firms prefer to increase their level of investment when spillovers are large and thus are less keen to take greater risk, contrary to the previous expectation. Chapter 2 represents the natural evolution of chapter 1: I consider the optimal research project that a firm should undertake from the perspective of a social planner, thus the focus shifts from the private scope to the social one. This model develops upon the previous one by adding a government that sets subsidy policy to affect the decisions of the firms and obtain welfare improvements. In particular it may grant as many types of subsidy as the actions of the firms: one per unit of output supplied at the competitive stage and one per dollar of investment in R\&D conducted at the pre-competitive stage. In the paper I show that in the first-best scenario with high spillovers the government desires firms to develop riskier projects due to the spillover-insurance argument, which preserves the average level of efficiency in the industry. Conversely in case of low spillovers safer activities are more likely to be welfare-improving. In the second-best case, where output subsidies are not available to the government and the output level cannot be influenced towards efficient values, simulations suggest that riskier activities are likely to be welfare-maximising also when spillovers are low because they may foster efficiency and hence production. In chapter 3 I depart from the risk analysis to address strategic trade policy issues concerning research subsidies. The model is simplified relative to the ones adopted in chapter 1 and 2 by removing the element of R\&D risk, but is also enriched by the presence of two different countries, say home and foreign, that freely trade in the international market; such model may thus be suited to describe trade policy between two European countries. The main difference between the two countries is the degree of intervention of the respective social planners, because only the home government is allowed to conduct policy and to dispense research subsidies to the domestic firm so as to increase the domestic level of welfare. I explore the relationship between level of subsidy, degree of research cooperation and amount of international spillovers. In general a large level of international spillover is able to transfer knowledge from one country to another, so that the foreign firm may take advantage from the domestic subsidy. Moreover if the two firms sign an international cooperative agreement the domestic subsidy is likely to benefit the foreign firm because the home firm pursues cartelwide profits maximisation. In principle both elements may lower the effectiveness of research subsidy policy by the government. In the paper I show that the optimal level of research subsidy is always non-negative when the two firms carry their research activities in a non-cooperative fashion. When spillovers are large the incentive to invest in R\&D is so low that the government is willing to grant a positive subsidy even if it benefits foreign rivals. When firms form an international R\&D cartel instead the subsidy is positive only when the spillover rate is sufficiently low. On the other hand, if it is large the government may optimally raise an R\&D tax on the domestic firm which still maintains high level of efficiency due to international cooperation. As a consequence the presence of an international cartel is always welfare-maximising and its creation should be encouraged through suited policy. At the beginning and the end of each chapter I dedicate specific introduction and concluding remark sections. Moreover the reader may find a chapter-specific appendix to check assumptions and mathemetical methods.

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CIASCHINI, CLIO. « Skill biased technological change and process innovation in QUEST III with R&D : Policy Simulations for "Industria 4.0" ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252911.

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Nella tesi si vogliono quantificare gli effetti dei provvedimenti governativi che vanno sotto il nome di “Piano Nazionale Industria 4.0:Acquisizione di Competenze e Investimenti Innovativi” sulla crescita economica attraverso la simulazione degli scenari di politica sul modello QUEST III-Italia modificato con la introduzione di equazioni che consentano di trattare il fenomeno dello “Skilled Biased Technical Change” (SBTC) e “innovazione di processo.” Il primo obiettivo viene raggiunto endogenizzando le quote di lavoratori occupati. La relazione ipotizzata è tale per cui la quota dei superstar workers e la quota dei non routinized skilled workers dipenda con una relazione logistica, e quindi crescente, dalle nuove idee. Al contrario, i routinized skilled workers costituiranno la categoria residuale e che quindi diminuisce all’aumentare delle nuove tecnologie. Questa categoria residuale è stata introdotta al fine di modellare la sostituibilità tra routinized skilled workers e tecnologie. Il secondo obiettivo viene raggiunto modellizzando la produttività del capitale fisico legata agli spillover delle nuove idee. La quota di nuove idee non coperta da brevetto, porta, attraverso gli spillover, ad una produttività totale del capitale fisico, maggiore del costo di acquisto del capitale fisico stesso. Tale produttività, influenza gli investimenti nell’equazione di accumulazione del capitale fisico, facendo sì che il valore del capitale fisico sia maggiore del suo costo d’acquisto. I principali risultati tratteggiano un contesto economico italiano di crescita seppur non sostenuta, e tale da allontanare l’Italia dal rischio di crescita zero. Il processo di crescita endogena esplica interamente il suo effetto solo nel lungo periodo, quando il capitale umano ha completato l’intero processo di formazione ed è effettivamente allocato nel settore di R&D e quando tutti gli effetti delle riforme governative hanno trovato attuazione. Dal lato dell’occupazione la crescita economica è frenata principalmente dalla mancanza di infrastrutture tali da sostenere il processo di formazione dei lavoratori previsto dal piano. Le nuove tecnologie non trovano terreno fertile dal lato delle competenze, e dal lato delle infrastrutture, con il risultato che questo potenziamento delle competenze porta solo nel lunghissimo periodo ad un aumento dell’occupazione altamente qualificata. Nel breve periodo le nuove tecnologie portano un insieme limitato di lavori low skilled complementari ad esse, che induce un aumento dell’occupazione low skilled, che decrementa a sua volta man mano che queste mansioni vengono automatizzate.
Abstract In this thesis, an attempt is made to evaluate the effects on growth of the National Plan Industria 4.0, the government set of policy measures articulated in two main policy frames known as Skill Achievements and Innovative Investments. The quantitative evaluation is performed through the simulation of policy scenarios within a modified version of the model QUEST III-Italy. Model changes have been implemented for enabling a more satisfactory treatment of the “Skill Biased Technical Change” (SBTC) and “Process Innovation”. The first aim is reached through the endogenization of the skill-shares of employed workers. In the relationship introduced the production of new ideas influences the share of superstar workers and the share of non-routinized skilled workers according a logistic relationship; while routinized skilled workers are allocated in a residual category that reduces as new technologies increase. This mechanism allows for the consideration of the substitutability between routinized skilled workers and technologies. The second aim has been reached modeling the spillover of the physical capital productivity. The share of new ideas not covered by patents is not included in the acquisition cost of physical capital, but provides, through spillovers, a total physical capital productivity higher than the acquisition cost of physical capital itself. This productivity affects investment in the physical capital accumulation equation, making the value of physical capital higher than its acquisition cost. The main results put in evidence a positive trend for the Italian economy so to move Italy out of the zero growth threat. The endogenous growth process entirely explicates its effect only in the long run when human capital has completed the education process and is really effective in R&D sector and when all the effects of government measures have been put in operation. From the employment point of view economic growth is reduced mainly by the lack of infrastructures to support the workers education process forecasted by the plan. New technologies can find their way both through the skills and through the infrastructures, with the result that this empowerment of skills leads to an increase in high skilled workers only in the very long run. In the short run new technologies will bring a limited set of other low skilled jobs, complementary to them, which induce to an increase in low skilled employment, which decreases when these skills will be digitalized.

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BRUNATI, JACOPO MARIA. « R&S e produttività : evidenza empirica settoriale in italia e Germania ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/648.

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Le relazione tra R&S e produttività in Italia è di crescente interesse. L'analisi effettuata utilizza dati settoriali per verificare la relazione tra R&D e produttività in Italia tra il 1991 e il 2002. I risultati ottenuti sono confrontati con quelli ottenuti sugli stessi 21 settori in Germania. Le principali conclusioni sono che l'elasticità del valore aggiunto al capitale tecnologico (deprezzato al 15%) è uguale a 0.14 in Germania e 0.04 in Italia, che in Italia il capitale tecnologico si deprezza più lentamente e che un ruolo decisivo è svolto dall'interazione tra quota di ricercatori e capitale tecnologico e dagli spillover
The relation between R&D and productivity in Italy is of increasing interest. The analysis carried out uses industry data in order to verify the relation between R&D and productivity in Italy between 1991 and 2002. The results obtained were compared to those obtained on the same 21 manufacturing and commercial industries in Germany. The main findings are that elasticity of value added to technological capital (depreciated at 15%) is equal to 0.14 in Germany and 0.04 in Italy, that in Italy technological capital depreciates more slowly and that a decisive role is played by interaction between share of researchers and technological capital and by spillovers.

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BRUNATI, JACOPO MARIA. « R&S e produttività : evidenza empirica settoriale in italia e Germania ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/648.

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GEROSA, STEFANO. « Technology and inequality ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/924.

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This thesis is composed by three studies, whose common goal is advancing our knowledge of the properties of cross-country production technologies In the first part we focus on across-country inequality, tackling the issue of cross-country dispersion of incomes. The objective of growth theory is that of explaining the observed shape of the world income distribution (WID) and to eventually predict its future evolution. The existence of large cross-country productivity differences, measured by the residual dispersion of incomes left unexplained by the dispersion of observable quantities (physical and human capital), calls for the rejection of the hypothesis of a common world technology. We introduce a novel specification of the technology index, linking productivity to cross-country knowledge spillovers, that is empirically testable and has the potential to account for the observed pattern of productivity differences. We investigate two possible knowledge spillovers structures in a dynamic general equilibrium framework, and we characterize the equilibrium or long-run WID for each of them. We show that with appropriate technology knowledge spillovers, in which each country extracts useful knowledge only from countries operating similat technologies, the long-run WID is in general clustered and the world economy is splitted in distinct technological neighbourhoods, giving a possible explanation for the endogenous formation of convergence clubs. With backward knowledge spillovers, where the technology diffusion process is blocked by barriers to technology adoption measured by the aggregate capital intensity of an economy, the shape of the long-run WID is controlled by the strenght of the spillovers force and the degree of increasing returns of the world economy. We show that an increase of the spillovers force always amplifies the dispersion of the equilibrium WID and that growth and inequality are negatively related: the less dispersed the WID, the higher the equilibrium world rate of the world economy. In the second part we analyse the pattern of cross-country productivity differences and we test the specification of the technology index introduced in the first part. In particular we test the knowledge spillovers structures introduced in the first part over two dimensions: their ability to explain static observed cross-country productivity differences at a point in time and their consistency with the shape of the observed world income distribution. Using regression analysis to calibrate the fundamental parameters of our specification, we show that both appropriate technology and backward spillovers can explain over half of the observed productivity differences, but backward spillovers are more successful in replicating the actual shape of the WID. In the third part we tackle the issue of within-country inequality, as measured by the skill premium, the wage of skilled workers relative to that of the unskilled. We study the ability of the capital-skill complementarity hypothesis (CSC), that assumes that capital substitutes unskilled labor more easily than skilled labor, to explain observed cross-country dispersion of the skill premium. We perform a steady-state analysis, novel to the literature about CSC, linking steady-state skill premia to the relative supply of unskilled labor and to observables that control the capital accumulation process (saving rates and barriers to capital accumulation, measured by the relative price of investments). We show that CSC holds in non-OECD countries but not in the OECD subsample, reinforcing a result obtained by other studies with different techniques: this result also show a fundamental cross-country parameter heterogeneity in the production function. As a by-product of our steady-state analysis we are also able to obtain new estimates for the elasticity of substitution between couples of inputs and to discriminate between alternative thresholds for the definition of skilled labor with respect to their consistentcy with plausible values of these elasticities. Finally, the fact that observable quantities are able to explain only a limited share of cross-country dispersion of skill.premia suggests that cross-country skill-biased technology differences are at work, and capital accumulation alone cannot explain neither income differences nor cross-country differences in inequality.

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Severgnini, Battista. « Essays in Total Factor Productivity measurement ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16195.

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Diese Dissertation umfasst sowohl einen theoretisches als auch einen empirischen Beitrag zur Analyse der Messung der gesamten Faktorproduktivität (TFP). Das erste Kapitel inspiziert die bestehende Literatur über die häufigsten Techniken der TFP Messung und gibt einen Überblick über deren Limitierung. Das zweite Kapitel betrachtet Daten, die durch ein Real Business Cycle Modell generiert wurden und untersucht das quantifizierbare Ausmaß von Messfehlern des Solow Residuums als ein Maß für TFP Wachstum, wenn der Kapitalstock fehlerhaft gemessen wird und wenn Kapazitätsauslastung und Abschreibungen endogen sind. Das dritte Kapitel schlägt eine neue Methodologie in einem bayesianischen Zusammenhang vor, die auf Zustands- Raum-Modellen basiert. Das vierte Kapitel führt einen neuen Ansatz zur Bestimmung möglicher Spill-over Effekte auf Grund neuer Technologien auf die Produktivität ein und kombiniert eine kontrafaktische Zerlegung, die von den Hauptannahmen des Malquist Indexes abgeleitet wird mit ökonometrischen Methoden, die auf Machado and Mata (2005) zurückgehen.
This dissertation consists of theoretical and empirical contributions to the study on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement. The first chapter surveys the literature on the most used techniques in measuring TFP and surveys the limits of these frameworks. The second chapter considers data generated from a Real Business Cycle model and studies the quantitative extent of measurement error for the Solow residual as a measure of TFP growth when the capital stock is measured with error and when capacity utilization and depreciation are endogenous. Furthermore, it proposes two alternative measurements of TFP growth which do not require capital stocks. The third chapter proposes a new methodology based on State-space models in a Bayesian framework. Applying the Kalman Filter to artificial data, it proposes a computation of the initial condition for productivity growth based on the properties of the Malmquist index. The fourth chapter introduces a new approach for identifying possible spillovers emanating from new technologies on productivity combining a counterfactual decomposition derived from the main properties of the Malmquist index and the econometric technique introduced by Machado and Mata (2005).

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Grafström, Jonas. « Technological Change in the Renewable Energy Sector : Essays on Knowledge Spillovers and Convergence ». Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62695.

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The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of technological change in the renewable energy sector, with a special emphasis on the role of knowledge spillovers and convergence across countries. The thesis consists of a preface and five self-contained papers. In Paper I technological change is broken down into the three major development stages laid out by Joseph Schumpeter: invention, innovation and diffusion. Econometric models of each of these stages are specified in the empirical context of wind power. The models are estimated employing a panel dataset consisting of eight western European countries over the time period 1991-2008. The results display evidence of national and international knowledge spillovers in the invention (i.e., patenting) model. The results from the technology learning models indicate evidence of global learning-by-doing, and that the prices of input factors have been important determinants of wind power costs. In line with previous research, the diffusion model results show that investment costs have influenced the development of installed wind power capacity. Paper II investigates how wind power inventions in European countries have affected the technological development achievements in neighboring countries. Data on the number of patents granted at the European Patent Office (EPO) during the period 1978-2008 in the eight technologically leading wind power countries in Europe are employed in a patent production function framework. The presence of international knowledge spillovers is found to constitute a statistically significant determinant of a country’s patent production. Geographical distance is also taken into consideration, and the results suggest that knowledge spillovers are subject to spatial transaction costs: with longer distances the role of international spillovers becomes weaker. Paper III investigates the convergence of inventive capabilities in the EU. Data on total patents per capita in 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2011 are analyzed using both parametric and non-parametric techniques. Converging inventive abilities may be important for the future of the EU given that rapid technological change has resulted in major structural changes in the Member States’ economies during the last decades. The β-convergence and σ-convergence tests suggest convergence in inventive capabilities, and this finding gains some support when analyzing the intra-distributional dynamics of the invention capabilities. Paper IV specifically investigates whether the generation of renewable energy patents per capita has converged or diverged across 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2012. The results indicate the presence of conditional β- and σ-divergence in renewable energy invention abilities. This could be critical for assessing the future prospects of EU policy in the renewable energy field; divergence in terms of invention outcomes could imply a less rapid and yet more expensive goal fulfillment due to free-rider behavior and sub-optimal investment levels. Finally, Paper V tests for convergence/divergence based on countries’ public spending to renewable energy R&D. The empirical analysis focuses on the presence of conditional β-convergence across 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2012. The results suggest divergence in public R&D-based knowledge accumulation, and this is consistent with free-riding behavior on the part of some EU Member States. Energy import dependence and electricity deregulation also affect this divergence pattern. For instance, the higher the energy import dependence, the lower is the speed of divergence across the EU countries in terms of public R&D support. Overall, the diverging pathways in terms of both public R&D and private patenting efforts may raise concerns about an unfair burden-sharing in terms of renewable energy development efforts.

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Livres sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Bitzer, Jürgen. Technologische Spillover-Effekte als Determinanten des Wirtschaftswachstums : Theoretische Erkenntnisse und empirische Evidenz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2003.

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FDI dui wo guo ji shu chuang xin de yi chu xiao ying yan jiu : Research on the spillover effect of FDI on technological innovation in China. Hangzhou : Zhejiang da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Nadiri, M. Ishaq. Innovations and technological spillovers. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Fan, Emma Xiaoqin. Technological spillovers from foreign direct investment : A survey. Manila : Asian Development Bank, 2002.

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1945-, Karlsson Charlie, Flensburg Per 1946- et Hörte Sven Åke, dir. Knowledge spillovers and knowledge management. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Pub., 2004.

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Grossman, Gene M. Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

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Bayoumi, Tamim A. R&D spillovers and global growth. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Orlando, Michael. Measuring R & D spillovers : On the importance of geographic and technological proximity. Kansas City [Mo.] : Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2002.

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Wolfgang, Keller. Are international R&D spillovers trade-related ? : Analyzing spillovers among randomly matched trade partners. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Bloom, Nick. Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry. London : Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2005.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Jinji, Naoto, Xingyuan Zhang et Shoji Haruna. « Vertical Versus Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers ». Dans Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, 99–126. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_6.

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AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) and international trade are two major channels of international diffusion of technological knowledge (Keller 2004,2010). While a number of empirical studies confirm significant spillover effects of knowledge through imports, the empirical findings on technology spillover effects through FDI are conflicting. In particular, there is relatively little evidence of spillovers of knowledge from inward FDI to the host country’s firms in the same industry. For example, Haskel et al. (2007) examine the situation in the United Kingdom and find significantly positive productivity spillovers from FDI.

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Jindra, Björn. « Empirical Part III : Technological Spillover from Multinationals ». Dans Internationalisation Theory and Technological Accumulation, 148–84. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230360037_7.

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Gillespie, Gary, Peter G. McGregor, J. Kim Swales et Ya Ping Yin. « A regional computable general equilibrium analysis of the demand and ‘efficiency spillover’ effects of foreign direct investment ». Dans Inward Investment Technological Change and Growth, 178–209. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598447_7.

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Vukanović, Zvezdan. « A Multidimensional Codifying of FDI Technological and Productivity Spillover Absorption Capacity and Threshold Effects ». Dans Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Into the South East European Media Market, 137–43. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30512-7_7.

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Bjorvatn, Kjetil, et Carsten Eckel. « Technological Spillovers and Export-platform FDI ». Dans Multinationals and Foreign Investment in Economic Development, 85–93. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522954_4.

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Petit, Maria-Luisa, et Francesca Sanna-Randaccio. « Foreign Direct Investment and Localized Technological Spillovers ». Dans Advances in Computational Management Science, 153–78. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1047-5_10.

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Mondal, Sanghita. « Technological heterogeneity, FDI spillovers and export performance ». Dans The Routledge Handbook of Post-Reform Indian Economy, 199–220. London : Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855741-13.

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Carlsson, Bo, Gunnar Eliasson et Erol Taymaz. « Micro-Macro Simulation of Technological Systems : Economic Effects of Spillovers ». Dans Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics, 255–78. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6133-0_9.

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Autant-Bernard, Corinne. « The Geography of Knowledge Spillovers and Technological Proximity ». Dans Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation, 181–97. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0845-8_9.

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Böhringer, Christoph, et Andreas Löschel. « Climate Policies : Trade Spillovers, Joint Implementation and Technological Spillovers, Market Power, Investment Risks ». Dans Climate Change Policy and Global Trade, 231–96. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2654-8_9.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Yao, Yao. « Study on reverse technological spillover from outward direct investment ». Dans 2016 International Conference on Advances in Management, Arts and Humanities Science (AMAHS 2016). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amahs-16.2016.13.

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Xiaohong Ren, Zhihui Hu et Yang Xiang. « A spatial econometric analysis on determinants of technological spillover effects ». Dans 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6011099.

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Bi, Kewei. « A Study on FDI Technological Spillover Effect in Central China ». Dans 2013 Seventh International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imis.2013.135.

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Wang, Yi. « Research on the Impact of Digitalization on Technological Innovation and Its Spatial Spillover Effect ». Dans 2022 Global Conference on Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology (GCRAIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcrait55928.2022.00166.

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Zhilei, Yang, et Wang Wei. « Game Analysis for the Industrial Technological Innovation Decision Based on the Knowledge Spillover in Industrial Clusters ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2010.57.

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Hysa, Eglantina, Minhas Akbar, Ahsan Akbar, Iges Banda et Simona Andreea Apostu. « Renewable Energy through the Lenses of Financial Development and Technological Innovation : The Case of CEE Countries ». Dans 3rd International Conference Global Ethics -Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). Lumen Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2022/07.

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Central and Eastern Europe countries are considered as a fragile group of economies compared to European Union countries. Furthermore, against the backdrop of rapid industrial growth, this study examines the spillover effects of financial development (FD) and technological innovation (TI) on levels of consumptions with regard to CEE countries renewable energy. Hence, by considering proxies for technological innovation such as trademarks, patents, and grants received for innovation, we assess the stimulus of technological advancement on the consumption of renewable energy. While broad money stock ratio is used for financial deepening. The empirical outcomes of this research will explicate whether advancement in innovation capacity and financial development stimulates the demand for renewable energy. This research will target CEE countries, and the period of examination will be for 2000–2019. Therefore, our model will employ the following explanatory variables; technological innovation, capital formation, and income inequality to test their influence on taking advantages of applying different technologies in renewable energy. Lastly, our study will provide important policy prescriptions for the regulators to ensure an enabling appropriate environment to support renewable energy for pollution abatement.

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Zhang, Nannan, et Jinfu Zhang. « Dynamic capability and Reverse knowledge spillover : the system dynamics simulation of non-core enterprise response to technological innovation ». Dans 2022 3rd International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icekim55072.2022.00246.

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Nordin, Sayed Kushairi Sayed, et Siok Kun Sek. « Modeling the spatial spillover effects of energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in high and middle-income countries ». Dans PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2018 (MATHTECH2018) : Innovative Technologies for Mathematics & Mathematics for Technological Innovation. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5136397.

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Zhu, Mei-guang. « The technological catching-up research based on spatial knowledge spillovers ». Dans EM2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2010.5645932.

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Min, Lv. « Technological spillovers of foreign-invested enterprises and technological progress of domestic enterprises : A panel study of Chinese manufacturing Industry ». Dans 2013 6th International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2013.6702877.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Technological spillover"

Fu, Wancong, Chong Li, Jan Ondrich et David Popp. Technological Spillover Effects of State Renewable Energy Policy : Evidence from Patent Counts. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25390.

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Nadiri, M. Ishaq. Innovations and Technological Spillovers. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, août 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4423.

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Khan, B. Zorina. Of Time and Space : Technological Spillovers among Patents and Unpatented Innovations during Early U.S. Industrialization. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20732.

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Jaffe, Adam. Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D : Evidence from Firms' Patents, Profits and Market Value. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1815.

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