Articles de revues : « Texas Historical Commission »

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Roberts, Andrea R. « Preservation without Representation : Making CLG Programs Vehicles for Inclusive Leadership, Historic Preservation, and Engagement ». Societies 10, n^o 3 (11 août 2020) : 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10030060.

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This article examines public historic preservation agencies’ ability to support social inclusion aims within the context of the Certified Local Government (CLG) program. Though administered by the Texas Historical Commission, Texas’ State CLG program is federally-funded and makes available special access to technical assistance, grants, and loans to qualifying communities contingent on compliance. Program surveys the state staff administered to city and county historical commissions with the CLG designation indicate challenges around diversifying their leadership and identifying training opportunities. This article reviews those surveys to detect insights into how the state CLG program can create spaces in which local commissions can increase their “representativeness” through changes in assessment and training content. Specifically, I analyze two government assessment tools used to evaluate local CLGs’ ability to meet federal and state training and participation expectations. I compare these survey results to self-assessment activities and questionnaires collected during a pilot training on implicit bias, outreach, and cultural resource surveying I conducted with multiple CLGs in Gonzales, Texas. Findings suggest more creatively designed training and capacity building is necessary around inclusion, identifying structural barriers to participation, and foundational knowledge of historic preservation and planning practice, and ethics.

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Childs, William R. « Origins of the Texas Railroad Commission's Power to Control Production of Petroleum : Regulatory Strategies in the 1920s ». Journal of Policy History 2, n^o 4 (octobre 1990) : 353–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004401.

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The “Railroad Commission of Texas” conjures up visions of oil and gas and power politics and perhaps the question, What does “railroad” have to do with petroleum? The Railroad Commission (RCT) also brings to mind modern America between 1930 and the 1970s, when the Texas agency controlled from 35 to 45 percent of the oil and gas produced in the United States. These images come from cultural myths of the Lone Star State, from Americans' fascination with conspiracies, and, most telling, from the lack of historical analyses of the commission, its staff, and its regulatory strategies. The prevailing views of the commission are unfortunate ones, for they not only neglect the agency's regulation of railroads, natural-gas utilities, and buses and trucks but also skew the understanding of how the state commission came to regulate petroleum in the first place, how it devised policies for doing so, and how it legitimized itself and defended that legitimacy under the weight of the East Texas crisis between 1930 and 1935.

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Peterson, John A. « Advances in Texas Archeology : Contributions from Cultural Resource Management. James E. Bruseth and Timothy K. Pertulla, editors. Cultural Resource Management Report No. 5, Texas Historical Commission, Austin, 1995. iv + 256 pp., figures, tables, references cited. $5.00 (paper). » American Antiquity 62, n^o 2 (avril 1997) : 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282534.

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Samuelsson, Johan. « Skola inför rätta : Tolkning och användning av skolhistoria i samtidens debatt om framtidens samhälle och skola ». Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, n^o 2 (13 décembre 2019) : 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.149.

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School on Trial: Interpretation and Use of School History in Contemporary Debate About the Future of Society and School. This article centres on how education and the Swedish School Commission as an historical phenomenon become resources in the discussion on how society and education should be developed. Three authors’ texts on the School Commission are analysed based on narrative history theory, which engages in how history is used to legitimise political change. Education and the School Commission are inscribed in a national narrative of decline. The 1946 Commission is blamed for the perceived problems in present society and education, allegedly having caused a lack of focus on nationalism, morals and knowledge in Sweden. To change society, the message is, education must learn from the historical mistake of the Commission and invest in knowledge and nationalism. The narrative plot is reminiscent of other historical narratives, for example, of heroes (teachers) and villains (Alva Myrdal), who personify structural changes. The historical narrative of education also fits in with contemporary trends of modernism criticism.

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Loechl, Suzanne K., Gary Kesler, Paul Loechl, Diane Timlin, Geoffrey Burt, Lisa Duwall, Megan Weaver et Harold E. Balbach. « Historic Military Landscapes : A Design and Management Opportunity ». HortScience 33, n^o 3 (juin 1998) : 450b—450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.450b.

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The United States Army has recently recognized the evaluation and management of historic military landscapes as an integral component of cultural resource management. The process of properly assessing and managing military landscapes, however, can be problematic due to the need to preserve the historic character of the landscape, to enhance the military image and to improve quality of life. In addition there is a desire to implement “...environmentally and economically beneficial landscape practices on Federal properties...,” as set forth in a memorandum from the President. USACERL recently completed an historic landscape inventory and management plan for Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The landscape master plan was awarded the Texas Historical Commission's Award of Excellence in Historic Architecture. The management plan provides historically and ecologically sensitive designs that relate to each of the periods represented in the installations' historic district. Included are appropriate plant lists and guidelines for enhancing the image of the base and improving quality of life for residents and installation personnel. Of some concern here, as in many Southwest installations, is the overuse of irrigation in historic areas, and the need to replace ecologically (and historically) inappropriate plants with more drought-tolerant species. Plan implementation in these areas is expected to reduce both water usage and associated costs.

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Appelbaum, Nancy P. « Reading the Past on the Mountainsides of Colombia : Mid-Nineteenth-Century Patriotic Geology, Archaeology, and Historiography ». Hispanic American Historical Review 93, n^o 3 (1 août 2013) : 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2210768.

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Abstract The mid-nineteenth-century Colombian Chorographic Commission drew on geology, archaeology, and history to project a patriotic past onto the Andean landscape of the young republic then known as New Granada. This geographic expedition, led initially by Agustín Codazzi and Manuel Ancízar, explored and mapped the country from 1850 to 1859. For the commissioners and their associates among the creole elite, the history of past epochs was “written” on the mountainsides for scientific travelers such as themselves to “read.” They portrayed disparate historical and prehistoric events as overlapping and interrelated. The commission’s texts and images linked a catastrophic interpretation of geologic origins to historia patria (patriotic history). The commissioners merged the wars of conquest and independence into a two-act drama enacted on a singular territorial stage. Their reading of geologic, archaeological, and historical evidence endowed the impoverished young Republic of New Granada with a grandiose territory, a great precursor civilization, and a legacy of patriotic resistance to imperialism. Their interpretations, however, would prove controversial. During the second half of the nineteenth century, debates over geology, archaeology, and history reflected conflicting Liberal and Conservative political projects. Moreover, the midcentury intellectuals failed to incorporate contemporaneous indigenous and poor citizens into an imagined national community based on the ideal of a shared historical memory embedded on a readable landscape.

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Hook, Derek, et Bronwyn Harris. « Discourses of Order and Their Disruption : The Texts of the South African Truth & ; Reconciliation Commission ». South African Journal of Psychology 30, n^o 1 (mars 2000) : 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630003000104.

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This paper asserts that selected texts of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission possess a powerful political potential in their ability to challenge and refute historical relations of racialised power in South Africa. The prospective political efficacy of these texts is seen as residing in their critical ability to subvert and challenge the predominant understandings, discourses and representations of Apartheid, or the ‘old’, South Africa. Three overlapping routes of enquiry are explored in this regard. Firstly, the political efficacy of such texts is seen as arising from their role in terms of the recovery of previously repressed histories. This recovery enlarges the archive of South Africa's past and contributes to the constitution of a new body of knowledge, from which credible standpoints of resistance and opposition may be articulated. A second explanation highlights the fact these texts are able to exert a form of discursive critique upon the predominant practices and representations of both former and reigning social orders. This level of critique enables us, in Foucautt's (1981) terms to restore to political discourses their nature as contextual and discontinuous practices of construction as opposed to naturally-occurring, seamlessly-unified, purely significatory instances of language. The last account engages more directly with the radical and transgressive nature of these texts, with their affective and ultimately symptomatic qualities. It is here suggested that these texts have earned their extraordinary visceral charge, their special power and horror, for many South Africans, precisely because they have exposed and stretched to the limit the boundaries of the past discursive order, of what had been known, what was understood and what could be represented in the Apartheid State.

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Kręcidło, Janusz. « Ewangelie jako prawdziwe świadectwo Słowa Wcielonego ». Biblical Annals 9, n^o 1 (18 janvier 2019) : 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/biban.3245.

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The article develops the concept of true witness of the four canonical Gospels to Jesus Christ the Incarnated Word. The starting point is presentation of the teaching of the Pontifical Biblical Commission (PBC) in the document The Inspiration and Truth of the Sacred Scripture (2014) about the witness of the Bible, especially the Gospels. The canonical Gospels are considered in it as main witness of the life and teaching of the Incarnated Word. The article demonstrates that the PBC repeats here the teaching of the conciliar constitution Dei Verbum (1965). Argumentation in the article emphasizes the historical reliability of the transmission of the life and teaching of the historical Jesus in the Church tradition: historical Jesus – eye witnesses – written Gospels – authoritative interpretation in the Church. The canonical Gospels are not primarily literary texts but a truthful registration of the witness of faith of Jesus’ believers. Consequently, the hermeneutic of faith is the only methodology that is apt to explain and understand the true nature of the Scriptures.

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Zmuda, Michał. « Główne wyznaczniki metodologii canonical approach według Brevarda S. Childsa ». Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 61, n^o 1 (31 mars 2008) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.312.

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The article is a description of main methodological guidelines of the canonical approach according to Brevard S. Childs, a former professor and specialist of the Old Testament at Divinity School of Yale University (New Haven). This new interpretation of the Bible, brought forth by the Pontifical Biblical Commission in The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church has arisen as the basis of critique of several assumptions in regard to the historical critical method connected with the insufficient use of theological dimension of biblical texts in exegesis. Main methodological issues of canonical approach are characterized by the in- terpretation in faith; canon the as norm and border in explanation of biblical texts; emphasis on final form of canonical text; serious treatment of canonical context and unity of the Bible in exegesis. The fundamentals of canonical approach presented let us define it as a “third way” in exegesis, leading through bridge between history and theology.

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Barto Arnold, J. « The Texas Historical Commission’s underwater archaeological survey of 1995 and the preliminary report on the Belle, La Salle’s shipwreck of 1686 ». Historical Archaeology 30, n^o 4 (décembre 1996) : 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03373597.

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Schwartz, Robert M. « Digital Partnership : Combining Text Mining and GIS in a Spatial History of Sea Fishing in the United Kingdom, 1860 to 1900 ». International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 9, n^o 1 (mars 2015) : 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2015.0137.

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The partnering of computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDA) and GIS permits the analysis of voluminous historical documents and the incorporation of geographic perspectives to bring out spatial relationships that exist in the texts. The British Parliamentary investigations into sea fishing comprise a large body of evidence on the transformation of the trade, the exponential growth of the fish harvest, and the evolving recognition that over-fishing was underway. The use of CAQDA and GIS described in this article explores some 1,800 pages of testimony given by fisherman, scientific experts, and regulatory officials before the Parliamentary commissions of enquiry in 1863–1866 and 1893–1894.

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WINTERBOTTOM, ANNA. « Producing and using the Historical Relation of Ceylon : Robert Knox, the East India Company and the Royal Society ». British Journal for the History of Science 42, n^o 4 (15 avril 2009) : 515–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087409002209.

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AbstractRobert Knox's An Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon was produced, published and enlarged through the collaboration of the author with scholars including Robert Hooke and financial support from members of the East India Company. The Relation should be seen in the context of a number of texts collected, translated or commissioned by the East India Company in cooperation with the Royal Society during the late seventeenth century that informed and shaped both European expansion and natural philosophy. As well as circulating between European intellectual centres, often reorientated in the process of translation, these texts served as practical guides across settlements and trading posts abroad. Comparing written accounts with experience led to annotations and borrowings that served as the basis for further writings. Company records and Knox's own unpublished works reveal how the Relation was used as the basis for bio-prospecting for naturally occurring drugs and food sources and in efforts at agricultural transplantation spanning the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Through the reports of seamen like Knox, such experiments contributed to contemporary theories concerning the effects of latitude on plant life.

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Church, Chloe. « Receiving the Word in Image : Federico Zuccaro’s the Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets (1565) and the Reception History of the Bible in the Counter-Reformation ». Journal of the Bible and its Reception 8, n^o 1 (1 avril 2021) : 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2021-0002.

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Abstract The Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets (1565) was an altarpiece created by Federico Zuccaro (1541–1609) for the Church of the Annunciation, Rome. It was the first image commissioned by the Order of the Jesuits, a movement involved in propagating the objectives of the Counter-Reformation Church. Altarpieces were particularly effective points of communication between the Catholic Church and the lay beholder, and used visual exegesis as a means to communicate appropriated receptions of biblical texts. The intimate connection that these objects have to their theological and political context marks them as significant moments of biblical reception, that have, up to this point, been overlooked by historians in the field. This article identifies the broader lacuna in scholarship surrounding the reception history of the Bible during the Counter-Reformation. Whilst this is due to a preference for studies of the Bible in the Protestant Reformation, the lack of scholarly investment poorly reflects the relevance of the Counter-Reformation period to the reception-historical methodology. The context prioritized the interpretation of the Bible through the lens of Church tradition, or in other words, the history of the Bible’s reception. This affinity is echoed in the reception-historical approach found in contemporary biblical scholarship, creating a hermeneutical link between the two contexts. Visual culture was a valuable expression of Counter-Reformation rhetoric and visualized the mediation of biblical texts through Church tradition. This article uses Zuccaro’s altarpiece as a tool to argue this hypothesis and postulate the intimate relationship maintained between texts and their reception in Counter-Reformation Catholicism.

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Wenzel, M. « The many 'faces' of history : Manly Pursuits and Op soek na generaal Mannetjies Mentz at the interface of confrontation and reconciliation ». Literator 23, n^o 3 (6 août 2002) : 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v23i3.341.

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Several English and Afrikaans novels written during the nineties focus on confrontation with the past by exposing past injustices and undermining various myths and legends constructed in support of ideological beliefs. This commitment has gradually assumed the proportions of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. A comparison of two recent novels dealing with events preceding and during the Anglo-Boer War, Manly Pursuits by Ann Harries and Op soek na generaal Mannetjies Mentz (In search of General Mannetjies Mentz) by Christoffel Coetzee provides an interesting angle to this debate. This article is an attempt to contextualise these novels within the larger framework of a contemporary South African reality; to acknowledge and reconcile, or assemble, disparate “faces” of a South African historical event at a specific moment in time. In Manly Pursuits, Ann Harries focuses on the arch imperialist, the “colossus of Africa”, Cecil John Rhodes, to expose the machinations behind the scenes in the “take over” of southern Africa, while in the Afrikaans novel, Op soek na generaal Mannetjies Mentz, the General becomes the embodiment of collective guilt. Written within a postmodern paradigm, both texts problematize the relationship between history and fiction by revealing deviations from “historic data” suggesting alternate versions of such "documentation" and by juxtaposing the private lives of historical personages with their public images.

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Oni, Oni. « Prinsip Perintah Yesus untuk Menjadikan Murid Berdasarkan Matius 28:16-20 ». HUPERETES : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 1, n^o 2 (29 juin 2020) : 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46817/huperetes.v1i2.24.

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Gospel preaching is the duty of every believer to be carried out not a mandate for certain people, such as pastors, pastors or evangelists. But this preaching of the gospel is a direct mandate from God for believers. But some of the believers do not have a correct understanding of this noble task and thus ignore it. Based on the above problem, Matthew 28: 16-20 is discussed so that every believer is able to understand and apply the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ. The biblical text is one part that teaches about missionary service for this world, which is to make all nations disciples of Jesus Christ. This study uses a qualitative study of biblical literature with a literal-grammatical-historical-contextual interpretation approach and considers highly correlated Bible texts, and describes them so as to be able to provide an understanding of Jesus' commands to make disciples. Every believer needs to grow in faith and his knowledge of God. Thus believers will be enabled to do His commandments. The Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ is not a choice but a necessity to do. The message that must be conveyed is that Jesus Christ died, was buried, and on the third day He rose and ascended into heaven.Pemberitaan Injil adalah tugas setiap orang percaya yang harus dilaksanakan bukan mandat bagi orang-orang tertentu saja, seperti para gembala, para pendeta atau penginjil. Tetapi pemberitaan Injil ini merupakan mandat langsung dari Allah bagi setiap orang percaya. Namun sebagian dari orang-orang percaya tidak memiliki pemahaman yang benar mengenai tugas mulia ini sehingga mengabaikannya. Berdasarkan masalah di atas, maka Matius 28:16-20 dibahas supaya setiap orang percaya mampu memahami dan mengaplikasikan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Teks Alkiktab tersebut adalah salah satu bagian yang mengajarkan tentang pelayanan misi bagi dunia ini, yaitu menjadikan segala bangsa murid Yesus Kristus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kualitatif literatur biblika dengan pendekatan teori tafsir literal-gramatikal-historikal-kontektual dan mempertimbangkan teks-teks Alkitab yang sangat berhubungan, dan mendeskripsikannya sehingga mampu memberi pemahaman tentang prinsip-perintah Yesus untuk menjadikan murid. Setiap orang percaya perlu bertumbuh dalam iman serta pengenalannya akan Allah. Dengan demikian orang-orang percaya akan dimampukan untuk mengerjakan perintah-perintah-Nya. Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus bukan suatu pilihan tetapi keharusan untuk dilaksanakan. Berita yang harus disampaikan adalah bahwa Yesus Kristus telah mati, dikuburkan, dan pada hari ketiga Ia bangkit dan naik ke sorga.

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Dick, Lyle. « The Seven Oaks Incident and the Construction of a Historical Tradition, 1816 to 1970 ». Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, n^o 1 (9 février 2006) : 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031029ar.

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Abstract The Seven Oaks incident, a violent clash between Métis and Hudson's Bay Company/Selkirk settlers at Red River in 1816, was long represented in Canadian historical discourse as a "massacre." In investigating the genesis of this interpretation, the paper examines the primary record and employs textual analysis to distinguish the "story," or basic facts, from the "discourse," or rhetorical overwriting by the event's historians. The paper also reexamines the respective roles of amateur and professional historians in Western Canadian historiography in the context of the discourse on Seven Oaks. The contemporary report of Commissioner William Coltman and works of Red River amateurs are used to establish that Seven Oaks was generally not considered a "massacre" inthepre-Confederationera. Rather, this interpretation largely dates from the post-1870 period, when Anglo-Canadian immigrants to Western Canada became the region's ruling group. Anglo-Canadian historians utilised partisan accounts of the battle and romantic plot structures to reinterpret the Métis actions as a savage slaughter. In these narratives, the alleged Métis role at Seven Oaks functioned allegorically to justify the dispossession of this western Native group's lands by the newcomers. In structuring their texts to promote the ideological position of their own ethnic group, post-Confederation academics established a tradition of writing that dominated Seven Oaks historiography for one hundred years. Since 1970, this tradition has weakened somewhat in academic circles, while popular historians have continued to reproduce its essentials in their accounts.

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CARROLL, HAMILTON, et ANNIE McCLANAHAN. « Fictions of Speculation : Introduction ». Journal of American Studies 49, n^o 4 (29 octobre 2015) : 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815001747.

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There are plenty of texts in which one might not be surprised to find an alien invasion on only the second page, but The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report (2010) – the seven-hundred-page document produced by the Congressional Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission – is hardly one of them. The Inquiry Report opens by invoking the dizzying difficulty of its own task: from “millions of pages of documents,” the Inquiry Report begins by noting, its authors have attempted to understand events compared, just in the Inquiry Report's first two pages, to “mass delusion,” “a hurricane,” a “perfect storm,” a “train wreck,” and, finally, an “alien event.” This proliferation of metaphors suggests an encounter with a set of historical conditions whose magnitude and complexity render them recalcitrant to representation. What overwhelms the authors of the Inquiry Report is not simply the complexity – the length and breadth – of the story to be told, but the question of what sort of story it should be: if the crisis was described even by those who should have been in the know as “dramatic and mystifying,” how could one render it legible while at the same time doing justice to its singularity?

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Wright, Ben. « Confederate Statues and Their Dirty Laundry ». Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, n^o 03 (juillet 2019) : 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781419000070.

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AbstractSince 2015, America has witnessed a profound shift in aggregate public sentiments toward Confederate statues and symbols. That shift was keenly felt on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin (UT), culminating in the removal of four such statues in 2015 and 2017. However, an inquiry into their creation points to an equally significant shift in sentiments during the 1920s. UT's statues were commissioned in 1919 by George Littlefield, a Confederate veteran and university regent, as part of a larger war memorial. The ostensible purpose of that memorial was to commemorate veterans of both the Civil War and World War I. However, during the 1920s, a new generation of university leaders rejected Littlefield's design—and with it the assertion that the services of Civil and World War veterans were morally congruent and united in a common historical trajectory. This article tracks the ways in which they quietly and yet profoundly undermined the project, causing it to be significantly delayed and then extensively altered. Meanwhile, students and veterans improvised their own commemorative practices that were in stark contrast to the Confederate generation—the latter wanted to remember, while the former wanted to forget.

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Boldyreva, Natalia. « William Camden’s “Britannia” in 17th-century Russia ». Canadian-American Slavic Studies 55, n^o 1 (25 mars 2021) : 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22102396-05501013.

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Abstract This article is an analysis of the historical and topographical treatise “Britannia” by William Camden as transmitted to Russia and translated. Russian audience was introduced to the work by Camden through two atlases. The first of these, the Mercator-Hondius Atlas included lengthy excerpts from the 1600 edition of “Britannia.” The text of the Atlas was translated in 1637 by the staff of Posolskii prikaz. The second translation of Camden’s work into Russian, commissioned by Patriarch Nikon, (that of the 1607 edition) was produced in late 1650s as volume four of the New Atlas by Blaeu. Camden’s antiquarian studies, with the texts juxtaposed to maps, were in high demand in Russia, and this can be proved by numerous copies of the Russian translations and by their use both in private libraries and in schools. This helped spread the latest scientific information about the British Isles in Russia, which circulated among the members of Muscovite intellectual elite.

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Pärn-Lee, Evelin. « The Origins of Supranational State Aid Legislations : What Policymakers Must Know and Adhere to. The Case of Estonia ». TalTech Journal of European Studies 10, n^o 1 (1 juin 2020) : 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2020-0007.

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Abstract As an independent country, Estonia can decide on how to promote its economy through state intervention, at least in theory. At the same time, Estonia has been a WTO member since 1999 and an EU Member State since 2004 and must adhere to these rules. Both regimes limit a Member State’s ability to interfere in the economy, setting forth rules on when a state can interfere with consequences if the rules are not met. But these rules differ, and the same situation can have a different result depending on the rules applied. Also, both sets of rules limit the competence of a member country to interfere in economy differently, for example, the WTO applies a rather lenient ex post control while in the EU a strict ex ante control by the Commission is used. Also the consequences for failing to adhere are different. Although one of the smallest EU Member States and represented by the Commission in WTO roundtables, it is still relevant for Estonia to have a position on globally applied state interference measures, and present and protect its views, if needed. To successfully promote its economy nationally and in the EU, Estonian policymakers, like those of any other country in the same position, must know not only the applicable state interference rules but also the underlying principles thereof. The article will provide a historical overview of the framework of the supranational state aid regimes of the WTO and the EU, as well as the domestic rules of Estonia. It is aimed at reflecting the principles behind the state aid rules that the domestic policymakers must consider when designing national state interference measures. The author applies classical research methods, namely, reading and interpretation of texts, but also comparing the WTO, EU and Estonian laws on state subsidies.

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HAMILTON, SARAH. « LITURGY AS HISTORY : THE ORIGINS OF THE EXETER MARTYROLOGY ». Traditio 74 (2019) : 179–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.11.

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Through an Anglo-Norman case study, this article highlights the value of normative liturgical material for scholars interested in the role that saints’ cults played in the history and identity of religious communities. The records of Anglo-Saxon cults are largely the work of Anglo-Norman monks. Historians exploring why this was the case have therefore concentrated upon hagiographical texts about individual Anglo-Saxon saints composed in and for monastic communities in the post-Conquest period. This article shifts the focus away from the monastic to those secular clerical communities that did not commission specific accounts, and away from individual cults, to uncover the potential of historical martyrologies for showing how such secular communities remembered and understood their own past through the cult of saints. Exeter Cathedral Library, MS 3518, is a copy of the martyrology by the ninth-century Frankish monk, Usuard of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, written in and for Exeter cathedral's canons in the mid-twelfth century. Through investigation of the context in which it was produced and how its contents were adapted to this locality, this article uncovers the various different layers of the past behind its compilation. It further suggests that this manuscript is based on a pre-Conquest model, pointing to the textual debt Anglo-Norman churchmen owed to their Anglo-Saxon predecessors.

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Ţoca, Vlad. « Romanian Art Historiography in the Interwar Period. Between the Search for Scholarship and Commitment to a Cause ». Artium Quaestiones, n^o 30 (20 décembre 2019) : 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2019.30.5.

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At the end of World War I, Romania emerged as a much stronger nation, with a greatly enlarged territory. During the two world wars, the Romanian state was permanently looking for the best way to preserve the newly created national state and defend its frontiers. This was the only matter all Romanian parties seemed to agree on. The threat of territorial revisionism coming from Hungary, the Soviet Union and, to a lesser extent, Bulgaria united all the political actors in defending the peace system of Versailles and supporting the League of Nations as the guarantor of this peace and stability. The interwar period was a remarkable time for Romania’s cultural history. Between the two world wars, the Romanian cultural scene was dominated by what Keith Hitchins calls the ‘Great Debate’ about national identity and development. The opponents were those advocating synchronism with the West, on the one hand, and those pleading for tradition, on the other, with many others looking for a third way. In Romanian interwar culture, the country’s modernity was emphasized in order to place the country within the larger family of European nations. An opposing, and at the same time, complementary line of thought was that of presenting the long and noble Romanian history, tradition and ancestral roots. These two themes have been present in Romanian culture since the mid-19th century. They were used by various authors, sometimes in a complementary fashion, while at others, in a conflicting manner in literature, historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing did not exist as such until the end of the 19th century. It was only in the first years of the next century that the number of scholarly works produced following western standards steadily increased. As part of a general tendency of aligning Romanian academic practices with those in the West, art historiography established itself as a respectable academic discipline, a process which went hand in hand with the establishment of new institutions such as museums, university departments, research institutions and the Commission for historical monuments. All these institutions were founded and financed by the Romanian state, and most scholars were involved with these institutions in one way or another. Although Romanian art historiography of the period is dominated by the desire to produce academic works to the highest standards, the ideas of the Great Debate are present in the works of that time. At the same time, in several texts, the most prominent art historians of the day strongly affirm the necessity of putting their work in the service of the national cause. In this paper, we will be looking at the general histories of Romanian art written between the two world wars. The choice of these texts is motivated by the fact that these works are the result of larger research projects and have a broader scope and as such better summarise the trends of the interwar period.

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Celati, Marta. « The conflict after the Pazzi conspiracy and Poliziano's ‘Coniurationis commentarium’ : Literature, law and politics ». Forum Italicum : A Journal of Italian Studies 53, n^o 2 (26 février 2019) : 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585819831649.

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This article aims to analyse how and to what extent juridical and diplomatic issues influenced Angelo Poliziano's Coniurationis commentarium, the very famous literary account of the Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici brothers (1478). Written immediately after the plot, Poliziano's work is a sophisticated literary transposition of the historical events and is conceived as the cornerstone of the Medici propaganda, aimed at supporting the Florentine government against the accusations by the instigators of the attack, Pope Sixtus IV and the King of Naples, Ferdinando of Aragon. In particular, the juridical controversy between Florence and Rome, which is built on different legal texts and doctrinal documents, plays a not irrelevant role in the composition of Poliziano's work. The Commentarium indeed shows unspoken but direct correlations with the legal consilia commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici from the most eminent Italian jurists, who formulated the Medici's official defence against the pope. Poliziano himself actively collaborated in the collection of these consilia and was influenced by diplomatic and legal issues also in the revision of his literary work two years after the composition, in 1480, in a changed political context.

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McKeon, Ed. « THE CONCEPT ALBUM AS CURATORIAL ‘MEDIUM’ : COLIN RILEY'S IN PLACE ». Tempo 75, n^o 296 (10 mars 2021) : 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298220000947.

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AbstractColin Riley's collaborative and curated project In Place (2015–18) – with its exploration of memory, place, language and identity – becomes a stimulus for considering the intertwining relationship between the song cycle and the album form. Featuring seven commissioned poets alongside found texts, In Place simultaneously assembles fragments of contemporary Britain and its broken tongues whilst reflecting on the current possibilities for binding these through song. Riley and his collaborators construct a sense of place in the movements between idiom, psychogeography, field recordings, samples, instrumental voices, speech and song, rather than from any fixed location, reference, identity or origin. I argue that this adapts and learns from the history of the album as a form of double binding, both of a finite set of materials and, crucially, of a community or interpersonal relations. With its development in the modern era through the poetry collection, song cycle, and recording, the album provides a model for living, collective remembrance, contrasting with the archival paradigm of preserving cultural authority. Its transformation and persistence are pursued with the emergence of the concept album through to music streaming, offering an historical framework in which In Place can be appreciated as a contribution to the contemporary ‘return to memory’.

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Zhurba, Oleh. « The history of Katerynoslav in historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ». Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, n^o 2 (12 octobre 2020) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190216.

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The aim of the article was to present the genesis and dynamics of the study of the history of Yekaterinoslav in the writings of local historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis made it possible to identify the state of development of the issue in the historical literature and realize the goal. The main result was the creation of a periodization of regional historiographical exploration of the problem. It is proposed to divide this process into three stages. The criteria for their selection were organizational, personnel, style and problem-thematic parameters. Based on the texts of Archbishop Gabriel (Rozanov), Bishop Feodosii (Makarevskyi), The Chronicle of the Yekaterinoslav Scientific Archival Commission, D. I. Yavornitskyi the process of formation and change of research problems of urbanization processes in the region, types and information potential of their sources are analyzed Noah base. The value of the scientific development of the historiographic tradition for the formation of modern conceptual approaches to the study of the history of urbanization processes in southern Ukraine as a whole is determined. Scientific novelty is also determined by the fact that historiographic and sociological positions criticized such a historiographic phenomenon as the Cossack urbanism. The creators and supporters of the concept of the Cossack urban development have been trying to imagine the Cossacks as the creator of the urban environment since the 16th century, they ignore or significantly level the importance and role of imperial power in the generation of modern urban space. It is noted that it is the historians of the ХIX and early ХХ centuries. laid the foundation for the study of the history of Cossack settlements, the formation of a source base for such studies. They established a genetic link between Cossack settlements and the formation of Yekaterinoslav, they have documented the decisive role of imperial power in establishing a properly organized, modern city on the site of the traditional Cossack and peasant settlements. The conclusions emphasized that in the late ХIX and early ХХ centuries an ideal consensus was formed regarding the main parameters of the regional historical memory between its key actors (power, public opinion, professional historical environment and everyday historical representations of ordinary people). It was based on the results obtained by historians, popularized at the power, amateur and journalistic levels, rooted in public memorial practices of knowledge or perception of the foundation of Yekaterinoslav in 1787 as a result of the Cossack settlement of the region and imperial initiatives and organizational efforts to create a network of urban settlements. The type of article: analytical.

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Eremeeva, Anna. « Practice of Memorialization of the Anti-Soviet Movement in the South of Russia During the Civil War ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n^o 2 (mai 2021) : 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.2.13.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the memorialization of the anti-Soviet movement in the South of Russia, which took place during the Civil War. The author considers the approaches of Denikin and Cossack (Don and Kuban) governments to the glorification of the struggle against the Bolsheviks, the canonization of the leaders of this struggle, the creation of so-called places of memory. Methods and materials. The research is based on legislative acts and documentation records of anti-Soviet governments in the South of Russia. The unpublished documents are stored in central and regional archives of the Russian Federation and Hoover Institution Archives (USA). The other significant sources are periodicals, propaganda products, artistic texts of 1918–1920, and private correspondence. Analysis and results. The politics of memory of the “white” and Cossack governments was an important part of the official propaganda. It was aimed to legitimize and consolidate the anti-Bolshevik movement. During the Civil War, documents and other artifacts were actively collected for future archives and museums of the “liberation war”. The Military-Historical Commission under Denikin Propaganda Department played an important role in this activity. Museums of the struggle against Bolshevism in the Kuban and Don were being formed at the initiative of Cossack governments. There were monumental, toponymical and other projects to perpetuate the memory of the anti-Bolshevik movement heroes. The presence of the opposing memorial narratives in the South of Russia was the result of serious contradictions between the main actors inside the anti-Bolshevik camp.

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Pryn, O. V. « “With God’s help, act in favor of Ukraine” : unknown letters of Fedir Ernst to Adelaida Artiukhova (1927–1929) ». SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, n^o 35 (2020) : 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.12.

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In the article, the author studies the correspondence of F. Ernst and A. Artiukhova. The found complex of letters covers the chronological period from 28.09.1927 to 01.12.1929 and belongs to the time of their joint work in Taras Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum. F. Ernst was a head of art department of the museum then, and A. Artiukhova worked as an assistant from 1927. Simultaneously with working in the museum, from 1926 F. Ernst worked as Kyiv krai inspector for protection of cultural heritage, and from 1929 he was the member of Parity Commission for Cultural Valuables Exchange between RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR. The letters, found in Central State Archives of Public Organizations in Ukraine in fund 263 “Individuals repressed by GPU-NKVD-KGB during the 1920–1950s in Kyiv and Kyiv region” in the archival investigative case No. 64684 FP, and were the evidence in the case of accusation of Adelaida Artiukhova of “counter-revolutionary nationalist activity”. All the charges were reduced to a personal acquaintance with F. Ernst, who was already deported at that time. The found archival sources allow to reconstruct in more detail the biography of Adelaida Volodymyrivna Artiukhova and her personal contribution to the replenishment of the art collection of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum. A. Artiukhova was born in 1902 in the city of Kyiv. In 1920–1923, she studied at the Kyiv Institute of Public Education and the Kyiv Archaeological Institute. In 1924, she began working at the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (UHM) in Kyiv as a laboratory assistant of the art department. During 1927-1929, together with F. Ernst, she was returning cultural values from the museums of the Russian Federation, replenishing the UHM collection, and for this purpose often visited the museums of Moscow and Leningrad, studying their collections and museum work in general. The texts of the letters are published without any reductions. Phonetic and orthographic features of the document language are preserved. The letters give an opportunity to immerse in the historical context of the museum life of one of the leading museums of Ukraine, to study into inter-museum cooperation, etc. F. Ernst’s epistolary reveals the contact points of the researchers, shows their friendly style of communication and the topics they discussed. Throughout the correspondence, there are three main topics: the activity of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (exhibitions and collections), cooperation and return of paintings from Russian museums, and everyday life (rest of the scholars in the Crimea and Odessa). All letters are very informative; they show the internal activities of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum: replenishment of the collection, exhibiting activity, scholarly contacts. The letters reveal the complex inter-museum relations of UHM with Russian museums and the role of personal contacts of scholars. It was found out that A. Artiukhova, who used F. Ernst’s personal connections and acquaintances for the benefit of the museum, had a significant influence on the implementation of the large replenishment of UHM.

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Wałęga, Agnieszka. « Franciszek Majchrowicz (1858–1928) – pedagog i historyk wychowania. Kilka uzupełnień do biografii ». Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, n^o 25 (6 mars 2019) : 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2009.25.7.

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Franciszek Majchrowicz was a renowned Lvov-based educator and a historian of education. Throughout many years of his professional career he was involved in teaching in secondary schools and teachers’ training colleges. At the same time, he was actively participating in educational initiatives as an activist. Majchrowicz was a co-editor of the periodical Rodzina i Szkoła [Family and School], co-operated with the Council of National Education in Galicia (Eastern Poland) and with the School Board of the Lvov province. His publishing output included numerous articles and pedagogical texts as well as historical and educational works, including one of the first textbooks for teaching history of education in teachers’ training colleges (with many editions throughout the years 1901-1924). Majchrowicz also published source materials for the history of Polish education, promoted the educational ideas of the Commission of National Education and attempted to develop the history of education into a coherent academic discipline for researchers and a subject in the national curriculum for educators. The hitherto available historical and educational literature lacks comprehensive and detailed information on his university education or professional training and qualifications. The present work attempts by no means to be exhaustive or to offer a comprehensive coverage of a full biography of Franciszek Majchrowicz as an educator and historian of education. It merely complements some facts and explanations that have already been published earlier, and provides some new information that may help resolve doubts concerning certain aspects of his professional career presented in the hitherto published body of works on the subject. It is mostly due to the archival material from Lvov (this mainly comprises students catalogues and minute books of doctoral examinations from the National District Archive), constituting the source base for the present work, that providing complete answers to such issues as the course of Majchrowicz’s studies, his doctoral dissertation procedure and the scope of his teacher’s examination, have become possible. The above source material made it also possible to conclude with certain remarks regarding the masters Majchrowicz had in great esteem and their influence upon research and academic interests of the Lvov-based educator and historian of education.

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Musa, Rasheed Abiodun. « The theatre of Ovonramwen ». Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, n^o 2 (17 novembre 2006) : 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.04mus.

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Abstract The Ovonramwen theatre is a paradigm that necessarily celebrates various theatrical performances and play-texts that reflect on the life and time of Oba Ovonramwen, the former King of the Benin Kingdom, Nigeria. Using the deductive methodology, this paper reflects on the politics of historical reconstruction in the Nigerian theatre and importantly evaluates various play-texts written about Ovonramwen by Nigerian playwrights. We conclude that the international theatre market will benefit from the Ovonramwen theatre and sincerely call on the British Government to tell us their own account about the subjugation of the people of Benin and the deposition of the god-king (Ovonramwen) through the famous revenge mission in 1897. Theatricalising these events through a play-text by a British writer or commissioned by the British Government will further help us to do more comparative study about Ovonramwen all in the Ovonramwen theatre. The ‘incisors’ must be separated from the ‘grinders’ if the truth must be known. Résumé Le théâtre d’Ovonramwen est un paradigme de performances théâtrales et des textes qui reflètent la vie du Roi Ovonramwen, l’un des anciens rois de Benin au Nigéria. A travers une méthodologie déductive, cet article traite de la politique de reconstruction historique du théâtre nigérian et évalue surtout les divers textes des pièces théâtrales écrits sur les dramaturges nigérians. Nous concluons que le marché international du théâtre va bénéficier de l’oeuvre théâtrale d’Ovonramwen et va en profiter pour demander au Gouvernement Britannique de donner sa version de la subjugation du Royaume du Benin et de la déposition du Roi-Dieu (Ovonramwen) à travers la fameuse mission de vengeance de 1897. En théâtralisant ces événements au moyen d’une pièce théâtrale d’un dramaturge britannique, approuvée par le Gouvernement Britannique, on arriverait mieux à procéder à une étude comparative sur Ovonramwen dans diverses oeuvres théâtrales. Les “incisives” doivent se séparer des “molaires” si la vérité doit se mettre à nue.

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Eörsi, Anna. « “Imaige A La Vierge Marie” The Hours of Mary Of Burgundy, Her Marriage, and Her Painter, Hugo Van Der Goes ». Acta Historiae Artium 61, n^o 1 (18 décembre 2020) : 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/170.2020.00002.

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AbstractThe Vienna Hours, illuminated by the artist known as the “Master of Mary of Burgundy”, was originally commissioned by Margaret of York. The later parts of the manuscript commemorate the love and marriage between Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Habsburg, and their (newborn or expected) child.The miniatures and texts in question convey the same idea expressed on several occasions by the official historian, Jean Molinet: in the Burgundian court, the duchess was venerated as the Virgin Mary (and in consequence of this, Maximilian – and Philip – came to be revered as the Saviour, and Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, as the Father). Underlying the tendency to identify Mary of Burgundy with the Virgin Mary was the situation of Burgundy and its heiress, which was understood by means of salvation-historical analogies. In the book of hours, the figures of the two Marys are conflated several times in a variety of ways (fols. 14v, 19v, 43v, 94v, 99v). The hymn in praise of the heavenly joys of the Virgin Mary, which is organically related to the frontispiece image, is thus (also) a chanted sequence for the eternal beatitude of the young bride. The painter conjured up the imaginary figure of Maximilian in the foreground of the two miniatures with window scenes, while the jewels in the border around the image of the Crucifixion scene allude to Margaret of York. These miniatures have a playful tone (as evidenced by the role-swapping between the Marys, the book-within-a-book, picture-within-a-picture, vision-within-a-vision, trompe l’oeil solutions, and the complex dialogue between objects, materials and locations).There are a number of factors supporting the argument that the miniatures, hitherto attributed to the Master of Mary of Burgundy, were illuminated by Hugo van der Goes, who was a resident of the Red Cloister at the time, and that he was commissioned by the Austrian Archduke. The date of 1478 is rendered likely by stylistic and biographical factors (the paintings Hugo made in the cloister, both before and after, his later illness, the visit of Maximilian, the birth of Philip the Handsome). It was also at this time that Jean Molinet wrote Le Chappellet des dames, which makes multiple comparisons between the duchess and the Virgin Mary, and whose imagery is often echoed in the folios of the Vienna Hours. It is possible that the first (co-)owner of the manuscript was Maximilian of Habsburg.

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Hommes, Margriet van Eikema, et Emilie Froment. « 'Een doek van geene beteekenis' De nachtelijke samenzwering van Claudius Civilis in het Schakerbos van Govert Flinck en Jürgen Ovens technisch onderzocht ». Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 124, n^o 2-3 (2011) : 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501711798264193.

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AbstractBecause of its extreme darkness, The nocturnal conspiracy of Claudius Civilis by Govert Flinck (16151660) and Jürgen Ovens (1623-1678) holds an isolated position within the decoration program with the Batavian revolt in the galleries of Amsterdam's former Town Hall. Of course the canvas depicts a nocturnal scene with light from only the fire and the moon, but in this painting the darkness dominates virtually everything. The rough, rather sketchy execution, whereby large parts of the canvas are left unpainted is also peculiar. Because of this appearance, some art historians have thought it an outrage that this 'painting with no value' should have replaced Rembrandt's masterpiece with the same subject. However, Flinck and Ovens – both pupils of Rembrandt – were painters of the first rank and there is nothing in the oeuvre of either master that is reminiscent of this rather unbalanced gallery painting. The question is therefore: to what does this piece owe its inaccessible appearance? This, of course, also relates to the manufacture-process and function of the canvas. Archival records and historical texts contain many relevant details on the paintings' genesis but have so far mainly given rise to confusion. The technical investigation, carried out during the 2007-2009 conservation campaign of the Batavian series, now demonstrates that the painting's extreme appearance traces back to both its peculiar genesis that is wholly different from that of the other gallery paintings and to its unfortunate conservation history. It was found that the piece was never intended to be a permanent decoration: the canvas is the one surviving remnant of a series of temporary festive decorations that Flinck had produced in the summer of 1659 in honour of the visit of Amalia van Solms and the Orange family to the Town Hall. Because of the painting's temporary nature, Flinck has modified his usual working procedures. Rather than taking sturdy, durable linen he chose a thin, fine canvas; and instead of applying to his canvas a reliable ground layer he painted on it directly. Flinck elected for fast-drying water-based paint (gum arabic) and worked with an extremely modest palette: he coloured his canvas with a thinned brown paint and on this base modelled his figures with only black contours and beige highlights. The original idea was that Flinck's temporary works would be replaced by permanent decorations from his hand, consisting of twelve paintings. But because of his untimely death in 1660, the commission was divided between Jordaens, Lievens and Rembrandt. Rembrandt's painting, to replace Flinck's work with the nocturnal conspiracy, was almost immediately removed, probably in the summer of 1662. When the Bishop of Cologne visited Amsterdam shortly afterwards, this empty space needed to be filled in a hurry and Flinck's old decoration was retrieved from storage. Jürgen Ovens was commissioned to 'work up [= finish] a sketch by Govert Flinck into a complete ordonnance'. Once again we seem to be dealing with a temporary decoration, for the modest sum of 48 guilders was all that Ovens was paid. The painter only did what was absolutely essential – after applying an isolating glue layer, he just added a few lines and touches of colour in oil paint here and there, all just enough to clarify Flinck's image, which was by then probably somewhat battered. The planned replacement of the Flinck/Ovens' canvas by a permanent painting never materialized; oppressed by a shortage of finance, the city governors decided in 1664 to postpone for five years all commissions or purchases of paintings for the Town Hall. This is why Flinck's canvas, dressed up a little by Ovens, has remained in the gallery to this day. Obviously, this painting, produced for a strictly temporary purpose, was never intended to have such a long 'life'. An ungrounded canvas painted with water-based paint is highly fragile and discolours as the fabric ages. But quite apart from this discolouration the dark and empty impression that the painting conveys today, is mainly due to earlier treatments by those who had no understanding of its unique characteristics. As archival records show, in the eighteenth century the canvas was lined twice using glue; a treatment that involved the use of considerable amounts of water. In addition, over the centuries the painting has been varnished several times and in the 1960's it was given a wax-resin lining. It is because these treatments, each of which is totally unsuitable for a water-based canvas, that the painting has acquired its present patchy and dark orange-brown appearance. Since nothing can be done to remedy the consequences of the lack of understanding of previous centuries - one cannot return to the painting's original appearance - the aim of the recent restoration was to achieve a balance between the aspects of the painting that stem from its unusual manufacture-process and the qualities that are the consequence of its conservation history.

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Perez, Shelby. « Palestine…It Is Something Colonial ». American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, n^o 4 (29 octobre 2018) : 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i4.475.

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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has not existed since the beginning of time. Hatem Bazian explores the roots of the conflict, locating the Zionist movement as a settler colonial project under the tutelage of British colonial efforts. Bazian’s text is a look at and beyond first-hand accounts, an investigation of and critical analysis of settler practice in relation to similar texts such as Sari Nusseibeh’s Once Upon a Country: A Palestinian Life, Alan Dowty’s Israel/Palestine, and Ari Shavit’s My Promised Land. Hatem Bazian’s Palestine…it is something colonial is not an introduction to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Readers should possess a basic understanding of the conflict and history of the region over the last century. Nor does this text provide the reader with an unbiased look at the timeline of events since the inception of the Zionist movement. Palestine…it is something colonial instead is a rich critique of the Zionist movement and British colonialism. It investigates the way British colonialism influenced Zionism and how Zionism adopted colonial ideas and practices. Bazian locates Zionism as a settler colonialist movement still at work today, which historically planned and systematically executed the removal of Palestinians from their land, with the aid of the United Kingdom and (later) the United States. Bazian examines Ottoman collapse, the colonization of Palestine by the British, Israel’s biblical theology of dispossession, as well as British colonial incubation of Zionism, Zionism as a Eurocentric episteme, the building of Israel through ethnic cleansing, and the Nakba, all of these culminating in legalized dispossession. Throughout the text, Bazian is able to tie each chapter to the present state of affairs and remind the audience of the trauma of a people forcibly removed. Bazian opens with the straightforward assertion that “Palestine is the last settler-colonial project to be commissioned in the late 19th early 20th centuries and still unfolding in the 21st century with no end in sight” (17). In chapter one, “Dissecting the Ottomans and Colonizing Palestine,” Bazian navigates the biased historiography of the fall of the Ottoman empire, linking the collapse of the empire to the colonizing forces of Europe which sought to ensure access to the newly discovered oil in the region as well as to Asia and Africa. Bazian masterfully steers the reader through the history of European intervention, and in particular on behalf of Christians as ethnic minorities in the Middle East. Europe is historically anti-Jewish; at the turn of the century, Zionism was determined to solve Europe’s “Jewish Problem” and maintain a stronghold in the Middle East, he writes. In chapter two, “Israel’s Biblical Theology of Dispossession,” Bazian explores the biblical roots of Zionist ideology. The chapter opens with a discussion of a contemporary Bedouin tribe being expelled in the Negev. Bazian writes that “the biblical text gets transformed into policy by the Zionist state, by which it then normalizes or makes legal the wholesale theft of Palestinian lands and expulsion of the population”(57) using legal documents such as the Levy Report. These policies create “facts on the ground” which lead to “legalized expulsions.” The Bible was central to the historical development of the European Christian supremacist idea of the Holy Land. The loss of the territory conquered during the Crusades ruptured this notion, a break “fixed” through Zionism. In chapter three, “British Colonialism and Incubation of Zionism,”Bazian begins to address British colonialism and Zionism as complementary. Bazian uses primary texts from British political actors of the time, such as Lord Robert Cecil and Lord Balfour, to establish the anti-Semiticinspiration for British actions of the time. Bazian also successfully uses the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence and the Sykes-Picot agreement to establish the double dealings of the British in the Middle East in the early twentieth century. Bazian uses many primary texts in this chapter effectively, though their organization could leave readers confused. Chapter four, “Zionism: Eurocentric Colonial Epistemic,” continues the themes of the prior chapter as the colonial influence is cemented. In this chapter, Bazian explores the subterfuge and the genius propaganda selling Palestine as “a land without a people for a people without a land” along with “making the desert bloom”—as if the indigenous Arab people were not there. Bazian frames this chapter within the Zionist ideology of the peoples living in the land being only a barrier to a Jewish state in Palestine. Bazian uses primary sources (e.g., Herzl) to defend the assertion that the removal of the Palestinian people was always a piece of the Zionist plan. Bazian also includes Jewish critical voices (e.g., excerpts from the reporter Ella Shohat) to establish the European Jewish bias against the indigenous Arab peoples, including Sephardic Jews. Bazian that these biases and the effort to remove Palestinians from their land defined the early Zionist movement and the creation of the state of Israel in chapter five, “Building a State and Ethnic Cleansing.” This chapter draws extensively on primary sources: correspondence, reports, declarations, agreements, commissions, and maps. Bazian struggles to organize these rich resources in a clear fashion; however, his analysis matches the richness of the sources. These sources establish the “legalized” systematic removal of the Palestinians from the land by the Israelis in 1948. In chapter six, “The Nakba,” Bazian uses further legal documents and first-hand accounts to trace the forced removal of Palestinians. He pays homage to the trauma while critically dissecting the process of legalizing ethnic cleansing and peddling the innocence of the Israelis to the rest of the world. Bazian profoundly concludes his chapter with the story of a Palestinian boy who witnessed the mass executions of men and women of his village and marched away from his home. The boy, now a man, closed his story with poignant words that capture the horror of the Nakba: “The road to Ramallah had become an open cemetery” (241). After the land was emptied the new state of Israel needed to legally take possession of the Palestinian-owned property. Chapter seven, “Colonial Machination,” elaborates this process: “the State of Israel is structured to give maximum attention to fulfillment of the settler-colonial project and the state apparatus is directed toward achieving this criminal enterprise” (243). The name “Palestine” is erased as a name for the land and the peoples; former colonial and Ottoman laws were twisted to support a systematic theft of the land. Bazian concludes his book with a look to the future: “What is the way forward and Palestine’s de-colonial horizon?” (276). He lays out the options available for true and lasting peace, discounting out of hand the twostate solution as impossible due to the extent of the settlements in the West Bank. He also dismisses both the options of the removal of Palestinians and the removal of the Jewish people. He instead posits a way forward through a one-state solution, leaving how this is to be done to the reader and the people of Israel/Palestine to determine. Bazian has contributed a full-bodied analysis of primary sources to defend his assertion that Zionism has always been a settler colonial movement with its goal being a land devoid of the indigenous people. The organization of the text, the lack of sectioning in the chapters, and the technical insertion and citation of primary sources could be improved for clearer reading. Bazian thoroughly defends his thesis with tangible evidence that Zionism is something colonial, and has been something colonial from the start. This is a text that complicates the narrative of what colonialism is, what the State of Israel is, and who and what Palestine is, together establishing the book as required reading for understanding nuances of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Shelby Perez Master’s Divinity Candidate Chicago Theological Seminary

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Foster, Eugene R., et Wayne Clander. « Data Recovery Efforts at the Millville Mill Site (41RK223), Rusk County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/.ita.1993.1.19.

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In September 1993, data recovery efforts were undertaken by Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc. (EH&A) of Austin, Texas, to mitigate the effects of lignite mining on site 41RK223 in Texas Utilities Mining Company's Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area of north-central Rusk County, Texas. The data recovery efforts were planned and conducted in coordination with the Department of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and Mr. Matthew Tanner of TU Services. The site was originally recorded by EH&A during a 1989 survey of the Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area based on information received from local informants, Orville Todd and Herman Ballow. Both men recalled swimming as children in the vicinity of an old framework of heavy timbers submerged within Boggy Branch, a tributary to Mill Creek. Local history accounts suggested that the timbers were likely the remains of one of several old water-powered mills historically associated with the Mill Creek floodplain.

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Perttula, Timothy. « Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Sherds from 2016 Investigations at 41MR211, Marion County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State 2017, n^o 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2017.1.22.

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Renewed archaeological investigations in 2016 by the Texas Historical Commission at the early 19th century Caddo site 41MR211 recovered a small number of ancestral Caddo ceramic vessel sherds from a variety of contexts in Locus 3 (Table 1), which is located just east of the main 1999 excavation block (Figure 1). The sherds are from grog-tempered (70 percent) and shell-tempered (30 percent) vessels. In the larger vessel sherd assemblage (n=368) reported by Parsons et al. (2002a, 2002b) from 41MR211, 36.8 percent of the sherds are from shell-tempered vessels and 59.4 percent are from vessels made with grog temper.

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Blaine, Jay C. « Problems in the Preservation and Study of Archaeological Metals in East Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/.ita.1993.1.16.

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Dee Ann Story recently pointed out how little really is known about the archaeology of Texas Caddoan sites. Specifically, she notes how very few Caddoan sites have been systematically excavated and analyzed in Texas. There has been some substantial effort in this direction recently as witnessed by the renewed investigations at the Sam Kaufman (Roitsch) site by the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Historical Commission. However, it seems evident to some of us that while investigations of the prehistoric Caddoan archaeological data base has been less than adequate, our understanding of historic Caddoan groups remains even less satisfactory. In fact, archaeologically it is not yet possible to specifically and reliably identify many eighteenth century Indian sites in Eastern Texas as being affiliated with Caddoan peoples. Nor can we identify these Caddo from the many, more or less itinerant, candidates from among other tribes who may have paused and settled within known Caddoan tribal boundaries in historic times.

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« Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Bryan, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, and Yoakum Districts, 2000-2001 ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2002.1.24.

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This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in four TxDOT districts—Bryan, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, and Yoakum— in east-central and south-central Texas. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on 8 February 2000 and concluded on 8 February 2002. During these two years, 46 work orders were completed. The 46 work orders consisted of 71 Impact Evaluations, 20 Surveys, 5 Surveys with Geoarcheological Evaluations, and 1 work order to produce this report. Combined, these work orders entailed efforts at 58 bridge replacements, 16 projects involving primarily road widening or realignment, and 1 project consisting of creation of a wetland mitigation area. During completion of these work orders, five newly discovered or previously recorded archeological sites were investigated. Fifteen of the Impact Evaluations led to a recommendation that an archeological survey be completed before construction. The remaining 56 Impact Evaluations resulted in a recommendation that no survey be required based on the extent of disturbance and the limited potential for sites with good integrity. Three of the Surveys investigated sites that were recommended for testing to assess eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as State Archeological Landmarks. The other 22 Surveys either did not find any archeological sites or investigated sites that could be assessed as ineligible for National Register listing and State Archeological Landmark designation using the survey data.

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Quennoz, Michael. « 2018-2019 Annual Report of Work Carried Out at Memorial Park, City of Houston, Harris County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.48.

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On behalf of the City of Houston and the Memorial Park Conservancy, Gray & Pape, Inc. conducted intensive pedestrian surveys of three areas totaling 144.4 hectares (357.6 acres) of Memorial Park, City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. Fieldwork was carried out between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019, under Texas Antiquities Annual Permit Number 8465. The following report presents the results of site file and background research, survey methods, field results, and conclusions and recommendations for each of these surveys. The goals of the intensive pedestrian surveys were to assist the Memorial Park Conservancy in identifying the presence of cultural resources as they are defined by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (36 CFR 800), and provide management recommendations for identified resources. Survey methods, site identification and delineation, and reporting adhere to standards established by the Archeology Division of the Texas Historical Commission, the Council of Texas Archeologists, and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. At this time, the Memorial Park Conservancy plans to conduct standard park maintenance activities including low impact mechanical clearing of the invasive understory, spraying, and new plantings in each of the areas surveyed. Gray & Pape, Inc. focused particular attention on the State Antiquities Landmark-designated (#8200003264) Camp Logan archaeological site (41HR614) that encompasses large portions of Memorial Park. As a result of survey findings, the boundary for 41HR614 has been expanded to include the entirety of the former Camp Logan footprint as preserved within the boundaries of Memorial Park. The boundary of the previously recorded prehistoric site 41HR1217 was also extended. Four new prehistoric sites (41HR1226, 41HR1227, 41HR1229, 41HR1230) and one new multicomponent site (41HR1228) were also recorded. The 12.4-hectare (30.6-acre) Sports Complex survey resulted in the identification of five historic features considered part of 41HR614: the partial remains of a Camp Logan era road, segments of two Camp Logan era ditches, a Camp Logan concrete grease trap, and a concrete signpost from the 1940s. Gray & Pape recommends that the grease trap and signpost be avoided by Memorial Park Conservancy planned activities. The remaining features will not be impacted by current planned Memorial Park Conservancy activities. Based on the results of this survey, and with these protective measures in place, Gray & Pape recommends that the no further cultural resources work be required in the remaining portions of the Sports Complex project area and that the project be cleared to proceed as currently planned. The 76-hectare (189-acre) Bayou Wilds – East survey resulted in the identification of four new prehistoric sites (41HR1226, 41HR1227, 41HR1229, 41HR1230) and one new multicomponent site (41HR1228). The boundaries of the prehistoric site 41HR1217 and the historic site 41HR614 were extended A total of 14 new features were identified as associated with 41HR614, as well as two historic-age structures. Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends avoidance of the identified sites, features, and historic age structures. Based on the results of this survey, and with these protective measures in place, Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends no further cultural resources work be required in the remaining portion of the Bayou Wilds – East project area and that the project be cleared to proceed as planned. The 56-hectare (138-acre) Northwest Trails – North survey resulted in the identification of four historic-age structures, nearly identical footbridges constructed of irregular blocks and mortar that are part of the park’s active trail network; as well as a historical isolate. Based on the results of this survey, and with these protective measures in place, Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends that the no further cultural resources work be required in the remaining portions of the Northwest Trails – North project area and that the project be cleared to proceed as currently planned. As part of the Unanticipated Finds Plan developed by Gray & Pape, Inc. and the Memorial Park Conservancy, Gray & Pape, Inc. archaeologists identified and recorded nine cultural features (seven manholes, one grease trap, one segment of vitrified clay pipe) uncovered by activities undertaken by the Memorial Park Conservancy and their contractors. In each case ongoing work in the area of the newly encountered feature was halted until the feature was fully documented by a Gray & Pape, Inc. archaeologist, and potential impacts were coordinated between Gray & Pape, Inc., the Memorial Park Conservancy, and the Texas Historical Commission. Gray & Pape, Inc. also coordinated with the Texas Historical Commission on two occasions in relation to Memorial Park Conservancy projects for which no fieldwork was required. As a project permitted through the Texas Historical Commission, Gray & Pape, Inc. submitted project records to the Center of Archaeological Studies at Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas.

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Gearhart, Robert. « Marine Archaeology Survey in Support of Galveston Island State Park Marsh Restoration and Protection Project Galveston County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2019.1.17.

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BOB Hydrographics, LLC conducted a marine geophysical survey and archaeological assessment of a proposed construction access channel in Galveston County, on behalf of HDR Engineering, Inc. A proposed 25-acre bay access channel would cross portions of State Mineral Lease Tracts, West Bay 59, 65 and 66 in West Galveston Bay. The channel would provide construction access to build a breakwater for the Galveston Island State Park Marsh Protection and Restoration Project, sponsored by the General Land Office. An archaeological survey was requested by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, based on their review of Permit Application SWG-1998-02298. Consultation between the Texas Historical Commission and the Galveston District concluded that archaeological survey only would be required for the channel providing access from the bay to the island and not for areas adjacent and including the proposed breakwaters. The area of potential effect encompasses 70 acres, including a 50-meter buffer mandated by the Texas Historical Commission around the proposed channel. A review of cultural background determined that 1 marine archaeological investigation and, at least, 1 wreck have been reported within 3 miles of the survey area. BOB completed a marine geophysical survey on May 9, 2019 under Texas Antiquities Permit 8906. A total of 140 acres was surveyed to provide options for adjusting the route if necessary. Water depth at the time of the survey ranged from 4 to 9 feet. BOB assessed all geophysical data to locate archaeological sites potentially affected by construction of the access channel. No artifacts were collected during the survey. No significant geophysical targets were discovered that might be potentially eligible for the State Antiquities Landmark or for the National Register of Historic Places. BOB recommends cultural resource clearance for all areas surveyed, provided that a THC-mandated 50-meter buffer is honored around the perimeter of the survey area. This study was completed in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Public Law 89-665; 16 U.S.C. 470) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). The minimum reporting and survey requirements for marine archaeological studies conducted under a Texas Antiquities Permit are mandated by The Texas Administrative Code, Title 13, Part 2, Chapters 26 and 28, respectively. Project records are curated at the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University in San Marcos.

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Jalbert, Catherine, et Jennifer Kimbell. « Proposed Horsepen Bayou Conveyance Improvements City of Houston, Harris County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2019.1.16.

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Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) was retained by IDS Engineering Group (Client) to conduct an intensive pedestrian survey for the proposed Horsepen Bayou Conveyance Improvements project in Houston, Harris County, Texas. Terracon previously conducted a cultural resources desktop assessment for the Client, which was coordinated with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) on March 4, 2019. Since the proposed undertaking will occur on land owned or controlled by a political subdivision of the State of Texas (Harris County Flood Control District), this project was subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resources Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). Additionally, since future phases of this project will trigger regulatory oversight through coordination with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, it will be subject to provisions of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (54 USC § 306101). This project was conducted under Antiquities Permit #8974. The project area comprises an approximate six-mile reach along Horsepen Bayou, and associated tributaries, and an approximate 73-acre undeveloped tract. Fieldwork, consisting of pedestrian survey and shovel testing, was conducted from July 22 to July 26, 2019 by Catherine Jalbert (Project Archeologist), Edgar Vazquez (Staff Archeologist), and Michael Hogan (Staff Archeologist), under the oversight of Jennifer Hatchett Kimbell, who served as the Principal Investigator. The report was authored by Catherine Jalbert and Jennifer Hatchett Kimbell. The proposed project area was investigated in compliance with Texas Historical Commission (THC) and Council of Texas Archeologists (CTA) guidelines for archeological survey. No cultural resources were observed within the project area. One property, NASA’s Sonny Carter Training Facility/Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (Building 920) is adjacent to the project area and has been determined eligible for listing to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, the THC has determined that the project will have no adverse effect on this property. Considering the absence of other observed cultural resources eligible for inclusion on the NRHP within the project area, Terracon recommended that the proposed project be allowed to proceed as currently designed. The THC concurred with this recommendation on October 4, 2019, and consequently no additional work is required at this time. In the event that human remains or cultural features are discovered during construction, those activities should cease in the vicinity of the remains and Terracon, the THC’s Archeology Division, or other proper authorities should be contacted.

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Belvin, Karen. « An Intensive Cultural Resources Investigation for the Redbud Pump Station Transmission Water Line Project Collin County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.20.

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The City of McKinney (City) is proposing to construct and maintain 2.2 kilometers (km; 1.4 miles [mi]) of 42- inch (in) water transmission line for the Redbud Pump Station Transmission Water Line Project (Project) located within the City of McKinney, in west-central Collin County, Texas (Appendix A, Figure 1). On behalf of the City, BGE, Inc. (BGE) conducted an intensive pedestrian survey augmented by shovel testing of the Project. Because the proposed project is being contracted by the City of McKinney, a political subdivision of the state of Texas, the project sponsor is required under the Texas Antiquities Code and the Texas Natural Resources Code Chapter 26 ‘Rules of Practice and Procedure for the Antiquities Code of Texas’ to obtain a Texas Antiquities Permit to perform cultural resources investigations to assess whether cultural resources are present that may rise to the level of significance of State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) status. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) has assigned Antiquities Permit number 8763 to the Project. Furthermore, project construction designs minimize impacts to Waters of the United States (WOTUS) crossed by the project, not meeting the minimum threshhold established under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) for the requirement of a Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) to the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

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Lang, Brett, et Melissa Green. « Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed Moore Park Athletic Complex, Plano, Collin County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.28.

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In March 2020, an intensive cultural resources survey of the proposed Moore Park athletic complex in Plano, Collin County, Texas was completed in order to inventory all cultural resources. The project parcel currently lies within an open field at the southwest corner of the intersection of Chaparral Road and Cottonwood Creek. It is bounded by Chaparral Road on the north, Cottonwood Creek to the east, Bright Star Way on the south, and Cloverhaven Way on the west in a densely residential developed area. A North Texas Municipal Water District building is located in the far northwestern corner near Cottonwood Creek. The archeological area of potential effects (APE) covers an area of approximately 103 acres (42 hectares). Because the project is owned and funded by the City of Plano, a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the project is subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas (9 Texas Natural Resources Code [TNRC] 191), which requires consideration of effects on properties designated as—or eligible to be designated as—State Antiquity Landmarks (SALs), which includes archeological resources. The survey was carried out for the City of Plano, Parks and Recreation under Texas Antiquities Permit 9334 by Brett Lang (Project Archeologist) of Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting, Inc. (CMEC). Melissa M. Green was the Principal Investigator. The parcel is situated on an upper terrace above Cottonwood Creek. From the western boundary, an unnamed tributary of Cottonwood Creek flows from the northwest corner to the southwest corner of the project parcel (as the terrace slopes southeastward) into Cottonwood Creek approximately 860 meters or 2821.5 feet away. Cottonwood Creek parallels the eastern boundary of the APE. Ground surfaces within the project area parcel were mostly covered in short, ankle-high prairie grasses used for active cattle grazing allowing for some limited visibility ranging from 20 to 50 percent. A densely wooded section was observed along the eastern boundary and along part of the tributary, allowing for 30 to 80 percent ground visibility. In all, 19 shovel test units were excavated judgmentally across the project area, of which none contained cultural materials. All materials (notes, photographs, administrative documents, and other project data) generated from this work will be housed at the Center for Archeological Studies at Texas State University at San Marcos, where they will be made permanently available to future researchers per 13 Texas Administrative Code 26.16-17. If any unanticipated cultural materials or deposits are found at any stage of clearing, preparation, or construction, the work should cease and Texas Historical Commission personnel should be notified immediately. The Texas Historical Commission concurred with the findings and recommendations of this report on 8 May 2020.

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« Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Abilene, Brownwood, Fort Worth, and Waco Districts, 2003-2006 ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2006.1.26.

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This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in four TxDOT districts—Abilene, Brownwood, Fort Worth, and Waco. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on 26 September 2003. A total of 77 projects were conducted. The 77 projects consisted of 25 Impact Evaluations and 52 Surveys. Combined, these entailed efforts at 52 bridge replacements, 14 road realignment or widening projects (many also involving bridge replacements), 1 new road construction project, 1 hike-and-bike trail construction project, 5 projects involving upgrading or replacing existing culverts, 1 project involving construction of drainage improvements, 2 unspecified road maintenance or improvement projects, and 1 project involving replacement of an interstate highway interchange. Of the 25 Impact Evaluations done, 8 led to recommendations that survey could be needed before construction. In 4 cases, the need for survey depended on whether new right of way would be acquired, which was unknown when the Impact Evaluations were done. The other 17 Impact Evaluations resulted in recommendations that no survey be required before construction based on the limited potential for sites with good integrity. Of the 52 Surveys done under this contract, 9 investigated six newly recorded and four previously recorded sites; eight of the sites are prehistoric, and two are of historic age. Four prehistoric sites were recommended for testing to assess eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as State Archeological Landmarks, and one historic site was recommended for archival and oral history research. The other 43 Surveys did not find any archeological sites. All artifacts collected and records generated by projects done under this contract are curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL), The University of Texas at Austin. Artifacts were collected from five sites (41BQ285, 41CV1636, 41HM53, 41LT307, and 41SV4). Those from 41HM53 and 41SV4 are from State-owned lands and thus are curated in a held-in-trust status at TARL. The artifacts from 41BQ285, 41CV1636, and 41LT307 are from private lands and are curated in a non-held-in-trust status.

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Sarich, Steven, et Josh Haefner. « Cultural Resources Assessment of a Historic Cistern (41GU211) Inadvertent Discovery for the Medlin Street Police Parking Lot Project, City of Seguin, Guadalupe County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2019.1.29.

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In November 2019, under contract with the City of Seguin (the City), TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) conducted in field documentation of an inadvertent discovery consisting of a cistern (41GU211) identified in October 2019. The cistern was discovered during active construction of an asphalt parking lot for the Seguin City Police Department, located within the City of Seguin, Guadalupe County, Texas. Additionally, the City identified a single grave marker prior to construction located in the northwest corner of the Area of Potential Effects (APE), defined as the approximately 0.50-acre proposed parking lot. This area was also visually surveyed by TRC cultural personnel to ensure that it was avoided during construction activities. In tandem with this effort, TRC cultural personnel conducted archival research consisting of a review of the Texas Historical Commission Archeological Sites-Atlas (THC-Atlas) for the tract of land on which the inadvertent discovery/cistern is located.

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Gray, Jay, et Jennifer Haney. « A Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the Proposed Six Mile Boat Ramp Expansion Project (Texas Antiquities Permit #9155) ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.47.

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Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., personnel completed a records review and cultural resource survey for the proposed expansion of the existing Six Mile Boat Ramp in Sabine County, Texas. This work was performed to assist the Sabine River Authority of Texas in complying with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665, 16 U.S.C. 470h-2) as an applicant for a Section 404 Clean Water Act Permit from the US Army Corps of Engineers, and the provisions of the Texas Administrative Code regarding archaeological resources on public lands. The Texas Administrative Code requires review of projects on state-owned lands by the Texas Antiquities Commission. The Sabine River Authority of Texas is considered a political subdivision of the State of Texas, and therefore it has a responsibility to provide the Texas Antiquities Commission an opportunity to review projects that may affect potential or designated archaeological sites. This project was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit (No. 9155). All work was performed pursuant to the guidelines published by the Council of Texas Archeologists and adopted by the Texas Historical Commission, and this report was prepared following the short report format in the Guidelines for Cultural Resource Management Reports published by the Council of Texas Archeologists. The current proposed project includes the expansion of the Six Mile Boat Ramp on the Toledo Bend Reservoir in Sabine County, Texas. The proposed development includes the addition of a handicap-accessible floating boat ramp, the clearing of approximately 0.4 ha (1.0 acre) of trees, the construction of a parking area, the addition of a vault toilet, the addition of two tables on concrete platforms, and the clearing of trees along the shoreline to provide an enhanced scenic view. In order to provide some flexibility in siting these facilities, the direct and visual areas of potential effect for this project were within a polygon adhering on its southern and western boundaries to the property line, and roughly buffered to the north and east by the existing shoreline of the Toledo Bend Reservoir. It is estimated that the area of potential effect for this project measures 1.2 ha (3.0 acres), of which approximately 0.9 ha (2.2 acres) could be surveyed, excluding paved surfaces. The records review for this project was conducted on October 18, 2019, prior to the commencement of the field survey, to identify cultural resources or cultural resource investigations previously documented within the area. This file search utilized online files maintained by the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory at the University of Texas. Additionally, historic maps were examined to identify the locations of any potential historic archaeological sites. The records review indicated that one previously documented site, 41SB58, was located within approximately 50 m (164 ft) to the north of the proposed project area. Additionally, one historic structure was depicted within the project area on historic mapping. Fieldwork was conducted on November 19, 2019, and was completed in 11.5 person hours. The project area was systematically investigated by pedestrian survey and screened shovel tests spaced at a 30 m (98 ft) interval on pedestrian transects spaced at 30 m. The fieldwork for this project resulted in one newly recorded isolated find that is not eligible for designation as a Texas State Archeological Landmark or for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Based on the findings of this work, it is recommended that the project area be considered cleared from a cultural resource perspective.

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Hunter, Jordan. « Preparing for Agroterror : How is the Texas Animal Health Commission Implementing Federal Food Security Regulations ? » Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law 6, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2015-0005.

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AbstractAgroterrorism is a subform of bioterrorism with the potential to have a crippling impact on both the agricultural industry and the food supply of a nation. A calculated attack using a miniscule amount of pathogenic or disease causing substances on the livestock or crops in one rural community can spread to animals and metropolitan regions much farther away long before any response from state or federal veterinary or agricultural organizations. Although there have been no large-scale agroterrorism attacks in the United States, there have been historical precedents for agricultural biological warfare and recent examples of unintentional or accidental spread of pathogens in the food supply that have threatened the health and safety of the public. Along with an ongoing push for preparedness to prevent a biological attack on the U.S. agricultural industry, there is a great deal of uncertainty and conflict among landowners, farmers, analysts, and politicians about what methods should be implemented to safeguard the public. In response to this possible threat, the United States government has implemented legislation that it considers preemptive in its ability to safeguard the food supply and manage the public health and/or biological crime response in a widespread agroterrorist attack scenario. However, this requires cooperation on both the state and federal levels, and of several agencies including the department of Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Department of Health and Human Services. This paper examines the steps being taken by the USDA in fulfilling the orders of the federal government in response to the looming threat of agroterrorism and how the TAHC works cooperatively with federal agencies and the private agricultural industry to carry out these regulations.

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« Archeological Investigations for the Levi Jordan Plantation House Stabilization, Brazoria County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2013.1.49.

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The Levi Jordan plantation house is one of the few antebellum plantation structures to have survived in Brazoria County. It is the only standing structure associated with the plantation, which began operating in 1848 and was occupied continually up through the 1990s. The original house, built in the early 1850s using slave labor, was a 20x60-ft two-story wooden frame structure. It was altered many times during its long occupation, often due to hurricane damage. A portion of the Levi Jordan Plantation was acquired by the State of Texas in 2002 and managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department until 2008, when the Texas Historical Commission took over its management. By then, the 160-year-old plantation house had suffered greatly and was in bad condition. The Texas Historical Commission began plans to stabilize and restore the historic house. Prewitt and Associates archeologists were contracted to conduct the archeological investigations associated with this work. The stabilization project included the permanent removal of the twentieth-century additions, hydraulic lifting of the antebellum house, removal of the original foundation piers, and installation of a new concrete perimeter foundation. The two original brick chimneys were removed and reconstructed. The investigations, conducted in 2010 and 2011, documented the following features: 2 cisterns, 2 chimney footings and 39 foundation piers associated with the plantation house; a chimney footing associated with an east wing behind the house; a chimney foundation associated with a former detached kitchen behind the main house; a brick patio and walkway associated with the original house; two large brick rubble concentrations and a small brick cluster; and a possible rain barrel brick pad. Other features examined were 15 possible piers that may be associated with the original house, the original east wing, a possible west wing, a south porch, a west porch, and an east porch. The archeological investigations revealed many details about the architecture of the original plantation house and subsequent additions. The evidence provides a better understanding of the building construction sequence and insights into the complex evolution of the Levi Jordan plantation house over its ca. 160-year existence. The most significant find is an 1853 gold coin found in the brick pad at the bottom of the southeast corner pier. This is almost certainly a date coin that was placed in this location by Levi Jordan or a master builder in a cornerstone foundation rite, and it provides an accurate date for the beginning of the house construction.

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Hogan, Michael, et Jennifer Kimbell. « Proposed Lake Arthur Detention Basin Expansion City of Port Arthur, Jefferson County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2019.1.14.

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Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) was contracted by the City of Port Arthur (client) to conduct a cultural resources survey of an approximately 54-acre project area in Port Arthur, Jefferson County, Texas in advance of the proposed expansion of an existing detention basin. Since the proposed undertaking will occur on land owned or controlled by a political subdivision of the State of Texas, and because funding for this project will come, in part, from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), this project required compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resources Code Chapter 191) and its implementing rules and regulations (Texas Administrative Code Chapter 26) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), (54 USC § 306101) and its implementing rules and regulations, 36 CFR 800. This project was conducted under Antiquities Permit #9109. The proposed project area comprises a 54-acre tract of land located between Texas State Highway 347 and U.S. Route 69 in Port Arthur, Texas. Terracon archeologists excavated a total of eleven (11) shovel tests to a depth of 80 centimeters (cm) below surface, or to sediments inferred to predate human occupation in the area. The removed sediment was passed through ¼-inch hardware mesh to screen for artifacts. No cultural materials were identified during the survey. Additionally, to comply with Section 106 of the NRHP, adjacent parcels were evaluated to determine whether historic properties might be present and subject to visual effects from the project. No such historic properties were identified. Fieldwork was conducted between October 15 and October 17, 2019 by Michael Hogan (Staff Archeologist) and Amani Bourji (Field Technician) under the supervision of Jenni Hatchett Kimbell (Principal Investigator). The report was authored by Michael Hogan and Jenni Hatchett Kimbell. Given the absence of known prehistoric or historical-period resources within the proposed project area, Terracon recommends that the expansion of the Lake Arthur detention basin proceed as planned. Should human remains, historic properties, or buried cultural materials be encountered during construction or disturbance activities, work should cease in the immediate vicinity and Terracon, the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeology Division, or other proper authorities should be contacted.

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« Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts, 1998-2000 ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2000.1.26.

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This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in five TxDOT districts—Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco—in northeast, north-central, and central Texas. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on 31 August 1998 and concluded on 31 August 2000. During these two years, 41 work orders were completed. The 41 work orders consisted of 119 Impact Evaluations, 21 Surveys, 3 Surveys with Geoarcheological Evaluation, 1 work order for a quality control meeting with TxDOT, and 1 work order to produce this report. Combined, these work orders entailed efforts at 151 bridge or relief structure replacements, 14 projects involving primarily road widening or realignment (most with bridge replacements as well), and 1 project consisting of construction of an exit ramp. During completion of these work orders, 16 newly discovered or previously recorded archeological sites and 1 possible site were investigated. Fourteen of the Impact Evaluations resulted in a recommendation that an archeological survey be completed prior to construction. In 69 additional Impact Evaluations for which specific constructions were not available, survey was recommended if areas outside the existing right of way, or below the zone of disturbance within the existing right of way, will be disturbed substantially. The remaining 36 Impact Evaluations resulted in a recommendation that no survey be required based on the extent of disturbance and the limited potential for sites with good integrity. Three of the Surveys investigated sites that were recommended for testing to assess eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as State Archeological Landmarks. On two other surveys, it was recommended that charcoal recovered be radiocarbon dated to aid in making the decision about whether testing is needed. The other 19 Surveys either did not find any archeological sites or investigated sites that could be assessed as ineligible for National Register listing and State Archeological Landmark designation using the survey data.

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Butler, Joel. « Archeological Resource Survey of a 2.9-mile Proposed Pipeline Corridor on University Lands in Ward County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.39.

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At the request of Salt Creek Midstream (SCM), Flatrock Engineering and Environmental, LLC (Flatrock) conducted an intensive archeological resource survey of approximately 2.9 miles (15,312 feet) of a proposed pipeline corridor on University Lands in northern Ward County, Texas. Because the project will take place on property owned by the University of Texas, a political subdivision of the State of Texas, it is subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resources Code, Title 9, Chapter 191) and its associated regulations (13 TAC 26). The archeological survey was carried out under Antiquities Permit Number 9355. A pedestrian field survey was conducted by Flatrock archeologist Joel Butler on March 30 and 31, 2020. A corridor 100 feet in width, encompassing 38.7 acres, was surveyed during fieldwork. Surface visibility ranged from 80 to 100-percent along the 100-foot survey corridor and revealed predominantly heavily disturbed or deflated surfaces. The entire corridor was 100-percent surface inspected and 31 shovel tests were excavated to locate and/or evaluate the potential for buried cultural deposits; all shovel tests were negative. No artifacts or archeological sites were identified during fieldwork and no historic structures were visible from the right-of-way. Flatrock recommends that construction of the pipeline be allowed to proceed as planned, with no further archeological investigations. However, it is recommended that if any cultural resources are encountered during construction, the Texas Historical Commission and University Lands should be notified, and a qualified archeologist should evaluate the findings. No artifacts were collected or curated during this project; field records will be curated at the Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) at Texas State University, San Marcos.

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Quennoz, Michael, Jacob Hilton, Amanda Kloepfer et Tony Scott. « Archaeological Survey for the Lower Greens Bayou Trail Project, Segments GR02 and GR03, in Harris County, Texas ». Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2020.1.37.

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Over several mobilizations between April 2018 and January 2020, Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, conducted an intensive pedestrian cultural resources survey of two segments (Segments GR02 and GR03) of proposed trail development along Lower Greens Bayou in the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. The project alignment measures approximately 10.8 kilometers (6.7 miles) in length and encompasses approximately 9.6 hectares (23.7 acres) of area. Another 0.6 kilometers (0.4 miles) or 0.6 hectares (1.4 acres) of project alignment was removed from consideration. In total, approximately 11.4 kilometers (7.1 miles) or 10.2 hectares (25.1 acres) was surveyed for the project. Because the proposed trail development occurs on publicly owned properties a Texas Antiquities Code Permit was required prior to survey. All work was completed under Texas Antiquities Permit #8328, which was assigned by the Texas Historical Commission on February 14, 2018. Fieldwork and reporting activities were performed according to procedures set forth by the Texas Historical Commission and the Council of Texas Archeologists. The goals of the survey were to establish whether or not previously unidentified archaeological resources were located within the project area, also defined as the project’s Area of Potential Effects, and whether the proposed development would affect any previously identified cultural resources. Prior to fieldwork, site file and background research was conducted, including a review of historic aerial and topographic maps in an attempt to locate any historic structures associated with the Area of Potential Effects. Site file review and background research indicated that there are no previously recorded sites within the project Area of Potential Effects. Fieldwork took place between April 10, 2018 and January 7, 2020 and consisted of a combination of pedestrian survey and shovel testing. Systematic shovel testing was performed along a single transect over both project segments resulting in 131 shovel tests being excavated, of which 11 were positive for cultural material. The survey revealed that large portions of both project segments have been heavily disturbed by development and flood events, however, three new archaeological sites, 41HR1234, 41HR1235, and 41HR1236, and one historic Isolate were identified as a result of survey. Site 41HR1234 was identified as a mid-twentieth century historic trash midden. Site 41HR1235 was identified as a Late Prehistoric ephemeral campsite. Site 41HR1236 was identified as a multicomponent prehistoric campsite and historic isolate. Diagnostic artifacts were observed at all three sites; however, it is the recommendation of Gray & Pape, Inc. that only Sites 41HR1235 and 41HR1236 are significant in the materials they contain and their potential to offer additional research potential. Direct impacts to both sites have been avoided by the project alignment as currently planned. While indirect impacts such as looting are a concern, the distance between the sites and the current alignment as well the density of woods surrounding them minimizes the danger as a result of the project. Eligibility testing is recommended for the sites if they cannot be avoided by future projects. Based on the results of this survey, Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends that the no further cultural resources work be required for the project as currently planned and that the project be cleared to proceed. As specified under the conditions of Texas Antiquities Code Permit #8328, all project associated records are curated with the Center of Archaeological Studies at Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas.

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