Thèses sur le sujet « The Acheulean »
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Shipton, Ceri Ben Kersey. « Cognition and sociality in the Acheulean ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612311.
Texte intégralField, Annabel Sarah. « The Middle Pleistocene in transition : lithic assemblages and changing social relations between OIS 12 and 6 in Europe and Africa ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269584.
Texte intégralAgarwal, Neetu. « Technology of large flake acheulean at lalitpur, central india ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/306132.
Texte intégralEsta tesis se propone el estudio del Achelense de Lalitpur, India Central, bajo la óptica del contexto del yacimiento, el proceso de formación del mismo y la organización tecnológica llevada a cabo por los homininos. Pretende comprender los rasgos característicos de la organización tecnológica achelense en el yacimiento de Lalitpur. Se ha llevado a cabo mediante el análisis del conjunto completo recuperado en el yacimiento y no tan sólo focalizándolo en los bifaces como “fósil tipo” del Achelense, tal como se había hecho tradicionalmente. En este sentido, se ha empleado la aproximación propia del análisis de la cadena operativa para comprender la organización tecnológica completa desde la obtención de la materia prima, a la reducción de los núcleos, la producción de lascas, su modificación en herramientas configuradas, su uso, el reavivado, su abandono y la alteración a lo largo de procesos post-deposicionales. También se han tenido en cuenta atributos cuantitativos para permitir las comparaciones con otros conjuntos. Como el conjunto fue recuperado en contextos próximos a la superficie, se han emprendido también estudios detallados del contexto del yacimiento y de los procesos de su formación a fin de confirmar la integridad del conjunto. El tipo de materia prima ha sido a menudo considerado como un factor importante que condiciona las herramientas de piedra, sobre todo desde el momento en que el conjunto está manufacturado principalmente en granito. Por esta razón, se han llevado a cabo estudios detallados de la materia prima. Para terminar el Achelense de Lalitpur ha sido comparado con otros conjuntos bien estudiados de la India, África y Europa con el fin de situar el Achelense indio en un contexto global. El estudio de la organización tecnológica de los homininos achelenses de Lalitpur ha servido para deducir una imagen clara de la variabilidad tecnológica de las herramientas líticas de los homininos achelenses. Ha ayudado a la redefinición del Achelense de la India y en su situación en un contexto global. Además ha servido para clarificar el concepto de “Achelense de Grandes Lascas” y las implicaciones comportamentales de esta tecnología. También ha destacado la importancia de yacimientos de “superficie” en el estudio del Paleolítico inferior, especialmente en la India y ha mostrado la importancia de los estudios de la formación del yacimiento en la comprensión de la naturaleza de los yacimientos paleolíticos.
The present thesis attempts to study the Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India in terms of site context, formation processes and technological organization employed by the hominins. It attempts to understand the characteristic features of the Acheulean technological organization at the site of Lalitpur. This has been done through the examination of the entire assemblage from the site and not just focusing on bifaces as the ‘type fossil’ of the Acheulean as has traditionally been done. For this purpose, the chaîne opératoire approach has been used to understand the entire technological organization from raw material procurement, to core reduction, blank production, modification into tools, use, resharpening, discard and alteration subject to post-depositional processes. Quantitative attributes have also been recorded to enable comparisons. Since the assemblage is recovered from near surface contexts, detailed studies of site context and formation processes were also undertaken to assess the integrity of the assemblage. Raw material has often been considered as an important factor affecting stone tools, particularly since the assemblage is predominantly made on granite, therefore detailed raw material studies were carried out. Finally the Acheulean at Lalitpur was compared it with other well studied assemblages in India, Africa and Europe to place the Indian Acheulean in global context The study of the technological organization of the Acheulean hominins at Lalitpur has helped in deriving a comprehensive picture of the stone tool technological repertoire of the Acheulean hominins. It has helped redefine the Indian Acheulean and place it in global context. Further it has helped in clarifying the concept of ‘Large Flake Acheulean’ and the behavioural implications of this technology. It has also highlighted the importance of ‘surface’ sites in the study of the Lower Palaeolithic, particularly in India and pointed out the importance of site formation studies in understanding the nature of Palaeolithic sites.
Machin, Anna Jane. « The Acheulean handaxe : symmetry, function and Early and Middle Pleistocene hominin behaviour ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434309.
Texte intégralMeneses, Maria Paula. « New methodological approaches to the study of the acheulean from southern Mozambique / ». Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation services, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40020177r.
Texte intégralHounsell, S. P. « Quantifying stone tool performance : with especial reference to the Oldowan and Acheulean lithic traditions ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415653.
Texte intégralClément, Sophie. « Les techniques de percussion : un reflet des changements techniques durant l’Acheuléen ? » Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100033/2019PA100033.pdf.
Texte intégralDuring Acheulean period, thousands of bifacial tools have been knapped from a vast range of raw materials like flint, volcanic stones (e.g.basalt, phonolite), bone or limestone. Technical and morpholigical variability of these emblematic tools can’t be denied and led to diverse interpretations regarding the means adopted to produce them. The percussion techniques often got presented as having an impact on the quality of execution or the degree of completion. This PhD aimed at understanding the link between percussion techniques and technical changes through the prism of grained and resistant raw materials by renewing the methodological approach. An experimentation completed only with african raw materials including knapped stones and percussive tools, in addition with a specific evaluation grid, entitles us to observe physical reactions and to talk about scarrecognition. Structural analysis of bifacial tools related to percussion techniques helps to define the link between those techniques and the morphological shapes of the tools and thererefore understanding the resulting hierarchy. More analysis of archaeological lithic assembling from sites in southern France and an other experimentation on quartizte underline the importance of the original (or initial) concept and of the tool’s structure. These perspectives entitle us to propose a new reflexion about the importance of those percussion techniques during Acheulean period
Viallet, Cyril. « Potentiel fonctionnel des outils bifaciaux au Pléistocène moyen en contexte méditerranéen. Analyse de la structure et des macro-traces des outils bifaciaux de la Caune de l’Arago, Terra Amata, Orgnac 3 et du Lazaret ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0028.
Texte intégralSince the XIX century dinstinct and numerous studies on bifaces reveal a multiplicity of potential function, giving the impression of a multifunctional tool. However this vision is biased and come from the absence of correlation between data from functional analyses and data from typological classification. Thus the objective of this work is to compose bifacial tool group depending from them potential function and when it’s possible to link them to a specific action.For this purpose, this works intend to correlate productional and functional data by structural, experimental and traceologic analyses. The latter has been done on 5 biface serie from 4 sites in the South-East France, dated from the Middle Pleistocene.Achieved results highlight nine biface groups with specific functional potentiality. Among these groups, three are correlated with particular function. Thus, for the site studied, the term biface cover a least three tools type: “coupe rentrante” tools characterize by an acute angle edge on a board associated with the tip; cutting tools in pitched percussion characterize by a transversal edge on a support with a thick cortical base; and tools bearing percussion marks on a robust tip associate to a thick and cortical base, potentially aim to dig.In the South-East France during the Middle Pleistocene the biface doesn’t appears to be a multifunctional tool. This term cover here different bifacial tool group with diverse functional potentiality. Two principal functions – longitudinal translation and indirect pitch percussion- are associate to bifacial tools presenting specific morphology. It is possible to observe a different use of the bifacial “faconnage” depending the deposit. Bifacial tools are not represent in the same way, reflecting extrinsic or intrinsic constraint and adding variability for the Acheulean definition
Leroyer, Mathieu. « Palethnologie acheuléenne : de la technologie bifaciale à l'organisation de la subsistance collective : étude du site de Boxgrove - Eartham Pit (West Sussex, Angleterre) et de deux sites du cours moyen de la Seine ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H016.
Texte intégralThis thesis offers a chaînes opératoires study of acheulean handaxes (600 to 280 Ky BP). Based on Boxgrove site (England), it tries to establish a better understanding of cognitive and behavioural processes induced by this technic. For this purpose, it follows a “palethnological” methodological and interpretative program helping to enhance the studies of technical facts up to social inferences. The thesis is divided into three parts :1) The bibliographical analysis confront available datas (archeological, environmental, etc) with the current interpretations. While attesting the richness of previous studies, it calls for a reasonable and well-argumented transgression of both strictly utilitarian or symbolical interpretations. The challenges underpinning an application of the “palethnological approach” to the Lower palaeolithic, the possible solutions and a methodology are precised. 2) The second part offers an application based on numerous occupations at Boxgrove site. Chaine opératoire study reveals an exigent technocultural norm. Its implications on tool use and individuals skill variations are detailed. The opportunity to confront knappers of different skill levels between different behavioural context (kill-site, aggregation context), combined with other evidences (faunal remains, geomorphology), provides an angle to site’s interpretation. Conversely, a socio-economical interpretation of handaxes is proposed. 3) Comparing these results to other sites (Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf, Saint-Illiers-la-Ville), allows to balance the behavioural rigidity seen at Boxgrove, through space and more crucially through time, and to consider the logic of a tradition ending
Thiam, Djibril. « Approche techno-économique des industries lithiques des grottes de la Terrasse, de Coupe-Gorge, de la Niche, Boule et des Putois, à Montmaurin (Haute- Garonne), France et potentiel d'application sur quelques sites sénégalais ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0039.
Texte intégralThe huge karstic network of Montmaurin is located at the western end of the chain of the Petites Pyrenées, and contained several caves. There are only eight caves that have escaped the exploitation of quarrymen. Despite the dispersion of the collections, the lithic industry of the L. Meroc and R. Cammas' excavations in the Montmaurin caves benefited from an inventory and the study of the Acheulean and Mousterian collections.The techno-typological and petro-archaeological study conducted during this research shows the specificities inherent to the Montmaurin caves. The characteristics of what we propose to call "the Montmaurin complex" have a specificity in the Pyrenean foothills. This "complex" has a typological and technological unity. The lithological procession is composed of pebbles quartzite lydian quartz. that come from the tributaries of the Garonne and pre-Pyrenean flint. The acquisition territories of mineral resources are more or less vast, from a hundred meters to about 80 kilometers. We applied this method to Senegalese sites yielded significant results: local supply of raw material with a use of pebbles, a differential of the raw material, change in the choice, oriented towards siliceous rocks, abandonment of macro-tools and diversification. These results allow us to propose the application to Acheulean sites in Senegal and widely in West Africa, for establishing a new reference sequence in West Africa from Early Stone Age to Later Stone Age
Pereira, Alison. « Apport de la datation 40Ar/39Ar à la compréhension de l'évolution culturelle des pré-néanderthaliens en Italie centrale et méridionale entre 750 et 250 ka ». Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0010/document.
Texte intégralMy doctoral research aimed at the construction of a robust chronological framework for fifteen Middle Pleistocene Italian archaeological sites, illustrating the Acheulean tradition (Lower Palaeolithic) and the Middle Palaeolithic transition. Thanks to its geodynamical context, the Italian territory has preserved numerous open-?air sites and vestiges of this period. These sites are often associated with volcanic deposits allowing the use of the 40Ar/39Ar dating method, in parallel of other technics (mainly palaeodosimtric), making the Italian peninsula a unique territory in Europe. Studied sites are all located in Central and Meridional Italy. Their dating allowed me to build a robust chronology in order to replace the pre-neanderthalian population's cultural and morphological evolutions into a well documented regional climatic and environmental context covering most of the Middle Pleistocene (700-250 ka)
Akintayo, Akinbowale Mark. « Landscape Analyses for Mobility and Raw Materials Procurement Strategies:The Acheulean Site of Santa Ana Cave in Calerizo de Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667145.
Texte intégralEste trabajo presenta un estudio de la procedencia de materiales líticos cuarcíticos de la cueva de Santa Ana en Calerizo de Cáceres. Calerizo de Cáceres es un sistema kárstico confinado entre colinas cuarcíticas con abundantes materiales líticos y disponibilidad de recursos de aguas superficiales y subterráneas. La caracterización macroscópica o visual de muestras arqueológicas, así como las fuentes geológicas se utilizaron para determinar la procedencia de los materiales. La comparación de los resultados de la caracterización de materiales arqueológicos se realizaron utilizando los resultados obtenidos de las fuentes geológicas como referencias para el aprovisionamiento de fuentes. El análisis espacial de los datos obtenidos durante la prospección del paisaje, así como el Modelo de Elevación Digital del área, se utilizaron para analizar el patrón de movimiento en el paisaje desde la Cueva de Santa Ana hasta los depósitos geológicos de las materias primas, que se encontran en el mismo paisaje del estudio utilizando un Análisis de ruta de menor coste (LCP) en SIG. Los resultados obtenidos mostran que tanto las fuentes primarias como las secundarias fueron explotadas por grupos prehistóricos para la adquisición de materias primas, además la distancia máxima recorrida para adquirir estos materiales no se extiende más de 15 km. Asimismo, un grupo de estas fuentes se encontran ubicado a una distancia de aproximadamente 1,5 km de la cueva de Santa Ana. Los depósitos aluviales también fueron explotados como fragmentos de rocas transportadas desde los cerros cuarcíticos que rodean el Calerizo de Cáceres.
This work presents a study of the provenance of quartzitic lithic materials from the cave of Santa Ana in Calerizo de Cáceres. Calerizo de Cáceres is a karstic system confined between quartzitic hills with abundant lithic materials and availability of surface and groundwater resources. Macroscopic or visual characterization of archaeological samples, as well as the geological sources was employed to determine the provenance of materials. Through comparison of results from characterization of archaeological materials using the results from those of the geological sources as references for source provisioning. Spatial analysis of location data collected during prospecting of the landscape as well as Digital Elevation Model of the area were used to analyze the movement pattern on the landscape from the site (Santa Ana Cave) to geological deposits of raw materials present within the studied landscape using Least-Cost Path (LCP) analysis in GIS. The results showed that both primary and secondary sources were exploited by prehistoric groups for raw materials procurement and the maximum distance travelled to acquire these materials do not extend beyond 15 km. A cluster of these sources were found to be located at distance of about 1.5 km from the Santa Ana Cave. Alluvial deposits were also exploited as fragments of rocks transported downslope from the quartzitic hills which surround the Calerizo de Cáceres.
Marnaoui, Marwa. « La variabilité du Mode 2 au Maghreb oriental : Les groupes humains à bifaces et hachereaux de Sidi Zin (Tunisie) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454735.
Texte intégralBeyond the standardized global model, the Mode 2 can reveal a very marked intra-site, regional and inter-regional typological and technological variability before its replacement by the Middle Stone Age cultures. The site of Sidi Zin (Tunisia) is one of the major Acheulean sites in North Africa, which still retains a considerable archaeological potential to be exploited in the understanding and interpretation of variability within the techno-complexes of Mode 2 in the Maghreb. This site is one of the rare sites of North Africa that has delivered a Mode 2 industry in stratigraphy with cleavers interspersed between two levels, lower and upper, exempted from cleavers. A reexamination of the old material, resulting from the old excavations carried out by E.G. Gobert, as well as the study of new lithic series from excavation and the surface, allowed us to better describe and analyze the morpho-technological characteristics of this industry and to distinguish and discuss the different levels of variability in terms of composition and technical strategies. This variability is perceptible in terms of the economy and the modalities in which the raw material is managed. The lithic industry of Sidi Zin is also marked by variability in the choice of the “façonnage” supports and techniques and types of production between: - Two levels, lower and upper, without cleavers, characterized by the dominance of the total handaxes and pebble-tools; - A middle level with cleavers and handaxes, mostly partials, in which the natural bases and pebble-tools disappear. This variability is to be explained either by cultural or functional factors related to the accomplishment of specific activities by Sidi Zin hominins. Keywords: North Africa, Maghreb, Tunisia, Middle Pleistocene, Mode 2, typology, technology, cultural variability, limestone, handaxe, cleaver.
Presnyakova, Darya [Verfasser], et Nicholas J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Conard. « Landscape perspectives on variability in the Acheulean behavioural system in sub-Saharan Africa : A view from Koobi Fora and Elandsfontein / Darya Presnyakova ; Betreuer : Nicholas J. Conard ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193489385/34.
Texte intégralSánchez-Dehesa, Galán Sol. « Contribution à l’évaluation de la variation interne des industries acheuléennes : le cas de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie) ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100006/2020PA100006.pdf.
Texte intégralThis research focuses on the analysis of Acheulean lithic material from the site of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia). Specifically, this study explores internal variability in the technical repertoires that underlie the production of lithic artefacts at the site, by considering the technical stages involved in their manufacture and the knappers’ technological savoir-faire (know-how). Through this qualitative approach it becomes possible to assess the influence of individual factors on the morphology of the tools, and their relative importance for understanding the intentions that underlie the knapping. This study integrates these concepts based on the characteristics of the assemblage; the ultimate goal being to understand the behaviour of the hominins that occupied Melka Kunture at the time of Garba I, both in terms of the techniques employed and the organisation of the activites. The results highlight the highly standardised nature of bifacial artefacts at the site, and the knappers’ remarkable control over conchoïdal percussion using two particular techniques, applied during their façonnage, which cannot be explained as simple reduction processes that create unintended forms through stereotypical knapping gestures. The identification in the assemblage of a specific technical procedure (the coup de tranchet) that has value as a cultural marker, as well as an important component of small retouched tools and percussive implements, suggests potential links between the Acheulean and Middle Stone Age industries.This work is divided into three parts: 1) current issues about the African Acheulean and the approaches previously employed to study it; 2) the regional context; 3) the depositional context of the archaeological materials at Garba I, their chronology and state of preservation; 4) methodology employed in this study, and; 5) discussion of the results and their significance in the context of the African Acheulean
Ravon, Anne-Lyse. « Originalité et développement du Paléolithique inférieur à l'extrémité occidentale de l'Eurasie : le Colombanien de Menez-Dregan (Plouhinec, Finistère) ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S030/document.
Texte intégralThe variability in the Palaeolithic assemblages of western Europe feeds current debates about their relationship with population flows in a context of environmental and palaeogeographic changes. The technical Colombanian facies, located in the South Atlantic coast of Brittany, illustrates this variability. This facies differs from the Acheulean that is dominant in neighboring regions, especially in its lack of bifaces. The industry at the site of Menez-Dregan is an example where the geological and paleoclimatic context is the best documented in the region. Specifically, this site has yielded evidence of fireplaces that are among the oldest in Europe, and an abundance of lithic material, which, in the upper levels, evidences the beginning of the transition from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Middle Paleolithic. As for the analysis, the technical, typological and morpho-functional features of the lithic assemblages from layers 9 to 4 will trace the development of procurement strategies, techniques and behaviors to put this site into a regional and European context. The contemporaneity of assemblages with bifacial pieces and without bifacial pieces is attested in Europe from 700 ky. While most of the European sites display assemblages with handaxes, deposits without any bifacial components are quite numerous as well. On some sites, the interstratification of levels with bifacial pieces and without bifacial pieces is sometimes interpreted as a testimony of either specialized activities, different raw materials, or human groups with different cultural or technical traditions. Recent publications state the question: the hypothesis of a coexistence of human groups with different technical traditions is discussed, on the basis of similar modalities of debitage and similar use of landscape. Therefore, only the presence or absence of handaxes is left to differenciate these occupations. The work realised here joins in the lineage of the previous studies, but was undertaken with the aim of defining the technical systems operating during the Lower Palaeolithic in the western Armorican Massif. Therefore, it enables the presentation of new data in order to characterize the “Colombanian” lithic industries. It emerges from this study that if the palaeogeographical and geological context as well as the type of deposit explain a certain variability in the composition of the assemblages, it does not explain the technical traditions, especially the presence or absence of handaxes or large cutting tools. If the variability cannot be explained by activity alone then the repeated visits to a single site, given a globally similar palaeoenvironmental context as evidenced at Menez-Dregan I, likely indicates a regular occupancy by human groups with differing technical traditions. Therefore, we end up in a revision of the Colombanian facies, which turns out to be a regional variant of the European Acheulean. These results, when compared to paleoclimatic and palaeogeographic data, help develop a better understanding of the settlement dynamics of this region during Middle Pleistocene
Chevrier, Benoît. « Les assemblages à pièces bifaciales au Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien en Afrique de l’Est et au Proche-Orient : nouvelle approche du phénomène bifacial appliquée aux problématiques de migrations, de diffusion et d’évolution locale ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100115/document.
Texte intégralThe “Out of Africa” model is deeply rooted in the issues of Paleolithic settlement. For the Lower and Early Middle Pleistocene, several waves of early hominid dispersal from Africa have been proposed, especially to the Near East on the basis of three major sites: Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya and Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. This theory also conveys the idea of repeated imports of new techniques, including bifacial shaping.However, the mechanisms inherent in this model are deconstructed: it allows to identify conceptual and methodological obstacles from the “arrow paradigm”, which simplifies and reduces the complexity of technical and cultural phenomena.The absence of space and time in the “Out of Africa” model is a crippling flaw. To reintroduce these dimensions in the debate, an evolutionary view of technics is used and is inspired by thoughts from philosophy, ergonomics and geography. In Paleolithic prehistory, this point of view, developed over past fifteen years, led to work out a techno-functional methodology focused on notions of tool, gesture and functioning.A detailed study using this approach was conducted on four assemblages from East Africa and Near East, with some supplementary observations on three other collections Then a discussion is offered on various topics: (1) the processes of technical evolution over long time, (2) an alternative vision of settlements, which particularly considers the idea of independent inventions of bifacial shaping, and finally (3) the ability to define cultural spaces on different scales of time and space
Benmessaoud, Messaouda. « Recherches sur l'Acheuléen et l'Ahaggar : les matières premières lithiques ; L'outillage lithique, rapport éclats/outils ; Le cadre statigraphique et chronologique : (Exemple du site Téhéntawek-Idelès) ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010575/document.
Texte intégralThe thesis presented here updates the old data on the Acheulian of the Ahaggar, although these date are few in number and all dated 20th century. But it is obvious to mention them to borrow a new er of research on the subject. Despite the fruitful discoveries in many lower Palaeolithic sites in the Ahaggar, no scientific interest have been provided to many lithic collections interposed in several laboratories for scientific research. The new site “Téhéntawek” Acheulean discovered in the region of Idelès in the central Sahara of the Ahaggar and excavated with new pedagogical methods introduced in the present prehistory, has delivered in 2008 and 2010 an interesting lithic materials representative of the Acheulian industry. These approaches are considered renovative of the Saharan prehistory. The appropriate and adequate environmental of exploration, the adaptation of work to the rocky terrain of the Ahaggar region, have allowed us to reconsider the Saharan terrain. The study of lithic technology has provided a variety of tools and coexisted chopper, biface and cleaver, many raw chips, very consistent with the nucleus. Lithic raw materials used for shaping are local. The results of analyses on the sediments provided new data, including an opening on the paleoenvironment of the Ahaggar. Thus Téhéntawek site offered us with relevant information on the mastery of man in this currently Saharan environment
Deschamps, Marianne. « La diversité culturelle au paléolitique moyen récent : le vasconien et sa signification au sein des faciès moustériens ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20047/document.
Texte intégralThe presence of cleavers in numerous Pyrenean-Cantabrian Middle Paleolithic sites led to the creation of a regional facies called Vasconian (Bordes, 1953). Later, typological analyses based on shaped tool classes’ cumulative frequency have questioned the very existence of this facies (Cabrera Valdés, 1983). The recurrence of cleavers within Middle Paleolithic assemblages was then interpreted as a long perdurance of the Iberian Acheulean. The present research was aimed to re-evaluate the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Late Middle Paleolithic through the comparison of a large variety of data. It is supported by a detailed and renewed chronological framework for the Mousterian with cleavers of OIS 3 based on newly obtained radiometric data. The analysis included technological, morphometric and functional characterization of over 450 cleavers from nine sites attributed to the Late Middle Paleolithic. Our results were then compared to ca. 200 Acheulean cleavers from the same area. The differences between these two populations and a revised chronological framework allow us to reject the hypothesis of a sporadic persistence of cleavers after the Acheulean. We rather propose that these tools have resulted of a new invention and fully were a cultural marker. Meanwhile, the whole lithic ensembles from seven sites located north of the Basque-Cantabrian area were analyzed with the conventional methods of lithic technology. These sites correspond to various topographic contexts (caves, rock shelters, and open air sites) and to diverse environments (alpine, coastal, and arid). Despite an expected variability between these ensembles, we identified a shared technological tradition and propose that differences could be the result of different site functions. If we consider the different sites as being complementarity, we can propose the hypothesis of a low-mobility territorial structuration and thus a social complexity of the Late Middle Paleolithic societies. A first attempt to build a cultural-stratigraphic sequence for the Pyrenean-Cantabrian region is being made in order to properly assess the Vasconian location and homogeneity as for the constraining techno-complexes. Comparisons with contemporaneous techno-complexes (and more particularly with the MTA) allow us to address their respective autonomy within a newly defined technical are of influence
Mamet, Pierre. « Etude des galets amenages et polyedriques du pre-acheuleen de l'ouganda ». Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010580.
Texte intégralThe work is divided into three parts - the first one relates to palaeogeography. Geology and eponymes special to uganda - the second part brings up the lithic assemblage from o'brien's collection - it gives the definition of the typology and a chronological account of flaked pebbles classification - the third one, object of this thesis, is the study of flaked pebbles, polyhedrals by sites
Janot, André. « Le Complexe acheuléen du plateau de Flavigny-Ceintrey, Meurthe-et-Moselle ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598564m.
Texte intégralMamet, Pierre. « Etude des galets aménagés et polyédriques du Pré-Acheuléen de l'Ouganda ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376156500.
Texte intégralLamotte, Agnès. « Les industries à bifaces de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest au Pleistocène moyen : l'apport des données des gisements du bassin de la Somme, de l'Escaut et de la Baie de St-Brieuc / ». Oxford : Archaeopress, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38992936v.
Texte intégralShao, Qingfeng. « Combined ESR/U-series dating of fossil teeth from middle Pleistocene sites in northern Europe and Mediterranean area : contributing to the chronology of the Acheulian settlement of Europe ». Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0027.
Texte intégralLe couplage des méthodes de datation, basées sur la résonance de spin électronique (ESR) et sur la décroissance radioactive dans les familles de l’Uranium (U/Th), appliqué aux dents fossiles, a été de plus en plus utilisé en géochronologie au cours de ces deux dernières décennies. Des résultats ont montré que ce couplage était applicable à des sites aux contextes géologiques différents (environnements fluviaux/lacustres ou karstiques), sur une échelle de temps allant de 104 à 106 ans ; et qu’il avait un réel intérêt pour la compréhension des migrations humaines au Pléistocène, comme par l’étude de la dispersion de technologies bifaciales à l’Acheuléen. Le travail présenté ici porte principalement sur 1) l’étude théorique approfondie du couplage ESR-U/Th, afin d’en faire ressortir ces limites ; 2) le développement d’un logiciel de calcul des âges, « ESRUSAGE », qui intègre une simulation de Monte Carlo pour le calcul d’un âge donné et une estimation de l’erreur sur cet âge ; 3) la création d’un modèle d’absorption en U, nommé « AU model », qui permet la datation de dents fossiles ayant probablement subi une infiltration en uranium. Ce travail porte enfin sur l’étude géochronologique de quatre sites archéologiques majeurs : 4) Mauer, Allemagne, localité éponyme qui a donné son nom à la mandibule de Mauer, holotype de l’espèce Homo heidelbergensis ; 5) Isernia la Pineta, Italie, site ayant permit d’effectuer une étude comparative avec des datations 40Ar/39Ar ; 6) Thomas Quarry 1 Hominid Cave, Maroc, site Acheuléen daté antérieurement par OSL sur quartz et LA-MC-ICPMS sur dents d’hominidés ; 7) Qesem Cave, Israël, site ayant permit une comparaison avec des datations TL sur des silex chauffés et 230Th/234U sur des spéléothèmes. L’étude de ces quatre sites majeurs a permit de démontrer l’apport considérable dû à la création du programme « ESRUSAGE » et du modèle « AU » dans l’approche combinant deux méthodes de datations, l’ESR et la décroissance radioactive dans les familles de l’Uranium. Des études comparatives ont montré que cette approche pouvait être utilisée avec succès dans le cas de grottes datant du Pléistocène Moyen ainsi que de sites de plein air. Toutefois une limite à cette approche a été mise en évidence, occasionnée par l’évolution géochimique des sédiments et les variations dosimétriques qui peuvent en résulter. Les âges obtenus dans ce travail, à partir de l’étude géochronologique des quatre sites apparentés à la période Acheuléenne ont confirmé l’avis général, à savoir que les premiers témoignages attribuables aux Acheuléens en Europe ne remontent pas avant 700-600 ka
Bodin, Erika. « Analyse techno-fonctionnelle des industries à pièces bifaciales aux pléistocènes inférieur et moyen en Chine ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100013/document.
Texte intégralLately discovered Chinese biface-bearing industries are subject to opposite interpretations. Literature increasingly suggests that Chinese bifaces can be seen as a witness of diffusion from the West. The traditional model, stating a techno-cultural isolation of Asia, embodied in the “Movius Line” would thus be questioned. This assimilation of biface-bearing industries within the “Acheulian complexe” is far from achieving unanimous backing and the hypothesis of a local reinvention is also proposed. These conflicting hypotheses reveal the gaps in the methodological and conceptual frameworks used to study these industries.The chosen approach for this study aims at restoring the goals underlying the production of the tool kit through a techno-functional analysis. Chosen sites belong to a period ranging from 1Ma to 500ka : Yangwu, Gaolingpo and Nanbanshan, located in Bose basin (Guangxi Zhuang), and Lantian and Liangshan Longgangsi sites (Shaanxi province).The outcomes of this contribution bring to light the presence of a well-marked geographical discrimination between the technical traditions observed in the South on one hand and the center of mainland China on the other. A strong variability is underlined between the two areas by the virtual absence of débitage schemes in Bose basin and considerable divergence in the composition of the tool-kits. Significantly, bifacial pieces from the South and the Center show no structural, technological or functional similarities. Even though gathered under one denomination, it is clear that we are dealing with two different kinds of tools. From a diachronic perspective, the existence in China of industries relying on both débitage and shaping schemes around 2Ma indicates the possibility of bifacial technical lineage evolution from a local technical substrate. After 500ka, the bifacial phenomenon still exists but won’t evolve toward more technically invested tools. From a spatial perspective, a comparison with bifacial industries discovered elsewhere in Asia demonstrates that Korean biface-bearing industries bear similarities with Chinese industries after 500 ka. However, Chinese industries don't seem to be linked with Indian and Mongol bifacial phenomena.Chinese bifacial industries show no connexion with the Acheulian complex but rather represent a technical convergence. East-Asia bifacial phenomena involve much stronger variability through time and space than generally considered
Nicoud, Elisa. « Le phénomène acheuléen en Europe Occidentale : approche chronologique, technologie lithique et implications culturelles ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10218.
Texte intégralThe historic and substantial diversity of the Western European Acheulian can be perceived from a phenomenological standpoint. All of the 36 lithic assemblages studied in France, England, Italy and Spain provide an original production. The bifacial phenomenon can be separated from other expressions of the Acheulian. Indeed, bifacial pieces, in the strict sense, appear in great numbers in northern Europe around the OIS 11 and in the Mediterranean region around the OIS 9. However, the latter are found under different forms, which imply major modifi cations of all the production. The critical analysis of lithostratigraphic contexts and the consideration of technical, technological and chronological diversities, allow reconsidering the paradigm of the « Out of Africa » diffusion. The hypothesis of a local invention and evolution of bifacial pieces can be put forward. The use of this term has limited our perception of the Lower Paleolithic as a whole. One should now focus on analyzing the diversity of human behaviors and societies
Sao, Ousmane. « Environnement sédimentaire des sites pré-acheuléens et acheuléens de la région du Gueld er Richât (Adrar de Mauritanie) : étude sédimentologique et géochronologique ». Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1260.
Texte intégralGaillard, Claire. « Contribution à la connaissance du paléolithique inférieur-moyen en Inde ». Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413953.
Texte intégralLa présentation des traits marquants du Paléolithique de l'Inde souligne la séparation très franche qui existe entre les industries de la zone sous-himalayenne, les Siwaliks essentiellement, et celles de la péninsule indienne. Les premières sont en majeure partie constituées de galets aménagés et dépourvues de bifaces ou hachereaux : ce sont des industries soaniennes ; les secondes sont caractérisées, au Paléolithique inférieur, par des bifaces, parfois aussi des hachereaux, accompagnés d'un petit outillage au sein duquel les racloirs dominent et d'un gros outillage où les galets aménagés sont plus ou moins fréquents. Ce type d'industrie,qui correspond à l'Acheuléen tel qu'on le connaît dans le reste du monde, voit disparaître peu à peu ses bifaces et le passage du Paléolithique inférieur au Paléolithique moyen est très progressif.
Cette contribution à la connaissance du Paléolithique inférieur moyen de l'Inde est modeste en regard de l'abondance des données disponibles, mais elle offre un exemple d'étude approfondie, qui tente d'une part de mettre en évidence, à partir de cas sélectionnés, le mode de vie des préhistoriques occupant cette partie du monde et d'autre part d'envisager d'une manière statistique les différences existant entre Soanien et Acheuléen.
Le principal apport de cet ouvrage concerne une localité du Radjasthan, la petite ville de Didwana, située dans une zone où le climat est à tendance semi-aride depuis la fin du Pléistocène moyen. Les préhistoriques vivaient alors dans un paysage dunaire où les dépression retenaient ici et là de petits lacs plus ou moins temporaires. Ils s'installaient tantôt au bord des lacs, comme c'est le cas pour le site de Singui-Talav, tantôt sur les dunes stabilisées, comme par exemple pour le site de 16R.
L'industrie de ces deux sites a principalement été réalisée à partir de matières premières issues d'un chaînon métamorphique qui borde, au sud-ouest, la plaine de Didwana.
Singui-Talav est distant d'environ 3 km de ces affleurements, mais la presque totalité de l'industrie est façonnée à partir de matériaux qui en proviennent. Le quartzite gris, légèrement schisteux, a surtout servi à façonner les bifaces, qui sont bien représentés dans le niveau inférieur, et qui sont assez frustes, sans doute en raison de la nature physique de cette roche. Les préhistoriques utilisaient aussi des matériaux, galets de quartzite essentiellement, provenant d'au moins 20 km, et dont ils faisaient surtout de grands outils nucléiformes ou bien d'où ils tiraient éclats,selon la qualité de la roche. Ces derniers complétaient préférentiellement les éclats et débris des autres roches locales pour être transformés en différents types de petits outils, parmi lesquels les racloirs et les grattoirs dominent.
En outre, le niveau inférieur de ce site/ niveau typiquement acheuléen, a révélé six cristaux de quartz monopyramidés, qui avaient manifestement été apportés par les préhistoriques eux-mêmes, mais qui ne furent pas utilisés comme outil.
Le gisement de 16R est tout proche du chaînon et le matériel de son niveau supérieur correspond en partie à celui d'un atelier de taille.
Ces deux sites sont dépourvus de faune, mis à part les petits Gastéropodes présents seulement dans les deux niveaux archéologiques de Singui-Talav. Rien ne s'oppose à ce qu'on établisse une corrélation entre ces deux sites de la plaine de Didwana, et les dates obtenues dans la séquence dunaire de 16R permettent d'attribuer au niveau inférieur de Singui-Talav un âge d'au moins 200 000 ans.
Les autres collections étudiées sont issues de contextes beaucoup
plus vagues mais elles constituent de bons exemples d'industries du
Paléolithique inférieur-moyen.
Dans le sud-est de l'Inde, aux environs de Rénigounta, trois industries, issues de dépôts fluviatiles ou fluvio-lacustres, offrent des caractères nettement acheuléens par la bonne représentation des bifaces. Ceux-ci sont façonnés, comme le reste du matériel, à partir de galets de quartzite d'origine locale. Parfois, cependant, on constate une certaine organisation du débitage et il faut noter que la présence de petits outils très typés, tels la limace ou le racloir Quina, annoncent déjà le Paléolithique moyen.
A Rénigounta comme à Didwana, les industries sont pratiquement dépourvues de hachereaux. Mais les hachereaux sont bien représentés dans l'Acheuléen de l'Inde centrale. Un exemple en est offert par le site de Souradj-Kound, au bord de la Narmada, tout près du lieu où a été trouvé le premier crâne d'Homo erectus de l'Inde, en 1982. Ces hachereaux sur éclat sont élaborés de manière très soignée, à partir de galets de quartzite, et ils correspondent tout à fait aux outils de même type décrits en Afrique.
Bien différentes des industries de l'Inde péninsulaire sont les industries de l'Inde sous-himalayenne, c'est-à-dire principalement la chaîne des Siwaliks. En effet, elle sont essentiellement constituées de galets aménagés et appartiennent à la tradition soanienne, que l'on oppose généralement à la tradition acheuléenne du reste de l'Inde (et du monde).
Sur les terrasses de la Béas, au nord-ouest de l'Inde, ces galet aménagés sont surtout unifaciaux. Mis à part leur caractère unifacial ou bifacial, l'analyse met en évidence plusieurs groupes : les outils à tranchant étendu, les outils allongés à tranchant transversal, les globuleux parfois percutés, et enfin ceux à tranchant latéral généralement convexe, qui sont les plus fréquents.
Ces galets aménagés sont accompagnés de quelques outils nucléiformes, nucléus, éclats et outils sur éclat, ainsi que de rares éléments qui méritent le nom de biface et de hachereau. Par conséquent, cette coupure que l'on a l'habitude d'établir entre Acheuléen et Soanien n'est en fin de compte pas si radicale.
Il semble que les différences entre ces deux traditions technologiques aient été accentuées par le fait que les comparaisons privilégient certains types d'outil et ne tiennent pas compte de l'ensemble des produits manufacturés par les préhistoriques.
Cependant, le flou qui demeure à propos de cette question ne sera pas levé avant que les industries soient situées dans un contexte
chronologique et environnemental précis.
Vu les progrès significatifs que réalise actuellement la recherche préhistorique en Inde, on peut penser que d'ici à quelques années les découvertes auront apporté de sérieux éléments de réponse.
Jarry, Marc. « Les groupes humains du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi toulousain : contextes, ressources et comportements entre Massif Central et Pyrénées ». Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526018.
Texte intégralThe Garonne Basin is the axial geomorphological entity of the Aquitain. In recent years, the middle valley of the Garonne River has been greatly revised. New sites and indications, particularly from the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, have thus been discovered and studied. The lithic industries yielded by these operations now provide us with robust reference bases, finally allowing comparisons of the behaviors of human groups during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. It has been shown that the occupations were mostly multi-functional residential and are usually located as close as possible to the edges of terrace cuts. Geomorphologic and stratigraphic studies, along with the first dating elements and their correlations, allow the proposal of a first chrono-stratigraphic and chrono-cultural scheme, integrating the Midi Toulousain region in the general context of the occupation of Europe. It is possible that occupations of the Garonne valley by Acheulean groups did not become permanent until oxygen isotope stage 12. It has been shown that Upper Paleolithic and Late Middle Paleolithic occupations were almost totally absent, other than a few rare elements corresponding to temporary climatic warming periods. We thus deduct that environmental factors, which were harsh during glacial periods, rendered the Garonne valley particularly inhospitable, pushing prehistoric populations into the more protected areas surrounding the valley (karst). By projection, it is imaginable that the same phenomenon occurred during earlier glacial phases. The Garonne valley would therefore have alternately constituted a hub favoring circulation and a frontier limiting north/south contacts, depending on the succession of environmental conditions during the climatic fluctuations of the Pleistocene
Feng, Xiao Bo. « Stratégie de débitage et mode de façonnage des industries du Paléolithique inférieur en Chine et en Europe entre 1 Ma et 400000 ans : culture de l'Homme de Yunxian et Acheuléen européen : ressemblances et différences ». Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0045.
Texte intégralThese stone tools from Yunxian with other Lower Paleolithic sites in South China, for example, the site Lantian ( Shanxi, China ) and the site Bose (Guangxi, China ), indicates that there are many common characteristics among these industries. There are choppers, chopping-tools, picks, hand-axes, cleavers and scrapers. Long ago we thought that there are not hand-axes in China. In fact, there are a lots of hand-axes in China and these hand-axes existed more earlier than those in Europe. The hand-axe appeared in China before 800 000 years old and it barely arrived in Europe before 600 000 years old. The quaternary deposits of the site of Yunxian Hominid ( Hubei, China ) are at least dated to 800 000 years old. A large quantity of lower Paleolithic material was discovered. The types of the tools are choppers, picks, scrapers, hand-axes and cleavers. The pebbles tools make up the majority of the implements. Small flake tools are relatively rare. The lithic industries comparaison of the two regions has help us to know the cultural evolution in China and Europe
Jarry, Marc. « Les groupes humains du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi toulousain : contextes, ressources et comportements entre Massif Central et Pyrénées ». Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526018.
Texte intégralGuillot, Yves. « Le Paléolithique ancien sur galet de la Costière du Gard dans son cadre géologique et culturel : nouvelles recherches et essai de synthèse ». Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30023.
Texte intégralThe costierc du gard region in the lower rhone valley (eastern languedoc, southern france) contains a quaternary system of alluvial terraces (10 levels), of glacis and coastal barriers. These formations have produced faunal remains and a sizeable archaic industry in quartzite pebbles, on the surface and sometimes in situ, ranging from the end of the lower pleistocene to the end of the middle pleistocene (about 1 million to 200 000 years ago). Four series were identified, based on twenty assemblages comprising more than 600 artefacts, for the most part unpublished. A morpho-typometric and technological study has revealed : - a continuous industrial evolution, indicated mainly by modifications in the overall size and shape of the tolls, the progression of the shaping by retouch, and the appearance of large pebbles cut to a point. - an unobtrusive acheulean influence, and the originality of the tool assemblages within archaic industries and the mediterranean acheulean : the overwhelming presence of choppers, the rareness of complex tools and of debitage in the earliest assemblages ; almost exclusively heavy tools, frequency of choppers with convergent sides and oblique front, abundance of large dihedral picks, absence of chopping tools and true hand axes, atypical proto-hand axes and absence of cleavers in the most recent assemblages. The creation of a specific facies in pebble industries is proposed, including the languedocian groups in the early lower palaeolithic, and the macro-tools of lunel-viel in the classic lower palaeolithic. Affinities with the western mediterranean basin and asia in the early middle pleistocene are demonstrated, as well as with the acheulean in south-east france (terra amata, drome, orgnac 3) from the middle of the middle pleistocene. The homogeneity over hundreds of millennia of the technique of unifacial knapping and the limited area of the facies point to a local branch of these industries until the middle palaeolithic. The hypothesis of a regional tradition is proposed, supported by the location of the site and its ecology (rhone delta), and by the raw material (rhodanian quartzite)
M'Hamdi, Mondher. « Chasseurs-cueilleurs acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret UA 26, Nice, Alpes Maritimes : approche comportementale & ; analyse spatiale ». Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2020.
Texte intégralThis manuscript presents an overall study of behavior and lifestyle of Acheulean hunter gatherer groups from about 160,000 years ago, whose remains were found in the archaeological stratigraphic unit UA 26 of Lazaret cave in Nice (Maritime Alps). This occupation level was excavated between 2003 in 2006 over a surface of over 90 m², directed by Henry Lumley. The quality of the conservation and the abundance of the archaeological material from the different units of occupation make this site an important reference for research concerning the transitional period between the lower and the middle Paleolithic of Europe. Our research mainly concerned technical traditions, and subsistence behavior of Acheulean groups from the UA 26 and the type of occupation of Lazaret cave that occurred during the end of the middle Pleistocene. We analyzed the stone tool production and remains of large mammifers in order to determine precisely what activities were carried out in the cave during this period. The first results were complemented by an intra-site spatial analysis for which we developed an original methodology using GIS (the ArcGis program). Results obtained following upon this procedure, structured into several levels of interrogation concerning different domains (lithics, bone remains, combustion structures), showed a spatialization of activities of production/use of tools and of treatment of animal resources (here, principally of deer), an interesting result for the period under consideration. A study comparing these results with earlier data for UA 25, an adjacent occupation level published by H. De Lumley and his colleagues (2004), shows differences in spatial organization which corresponds to different modes of occupation of the cave according to the period (base camp for the UA 26, then a temporary encampment (hunting stop) for the UA 25). Beyond these conclusions concerning group organization and strategy of occupation of the territory and exploitation of the environment, this comparison between two occupation levels in the same site revealed a certain number of anthropological results concerning hunter-gatherers at the end of the lower Paleolithic
Millet, Dominique. « Le paléolithique inférieur en Aquitaine méridionale : contribution à l'étude typo-technologique du Paléolithique inférieur de l'axe garonnais, de l'Albigeois et du Bas-Armagnac ». Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20027.
Texte intégralThis regional study examine some operatives schemes of unpublished acheulean series. We use the systemic method to replace our problematic in a regional context. The study area is focused on the southern Garonne basin with an extension towards the interfuvial line Adour/Garonne. After remembering geomorphological evolution, we have examined implications on the distribution of natural shelters : nature, origine and distribution of raw material. We propose a critical and synthetical analysis on the lower and middle Pleistocene biochronological and radiometric data, the chronological position of regional acheulean settlements. The field survey results confirm the stratigraphy of the studied series in a weathered and truncated Bt level situated between the top of fluvial sequences and the silty clay basis which concludes the chronostratigraphic sequence. One serie, older, with technological distinctive. The main technological data show the coexistence of two operative schemes : one dominated by the production of heavy tools like pebble tools industrie associated with characteristics, comes from the Middle terrace coarse sediments. We have identified and described the technological concepts and operative schemes characterising the acheulean lithic production bifaces industrie knapped on pebble, the other characterised by the production of non-recurrent cortical predeterminated large flakes used for the bifaces manufacture, cleavers, big natural-backed knifes, big and thick side-scrapers on ventral face with long functional edges (important reduction process). Small tool-kit on flakes, slightly diversified, is dominated by denticulates, notches and scrapers. Many flakes are unretouched. The discoïdal debitage concept, characterized by many cores with different unifacial or bifacial modalities, is the more significative operative scheme of flakes production obtained by secant planes. The classical partition of regional Acheulean is revised according to technological arguments. We tried some techno-economical comparisons with aquitan and iberian tool-kits. The acheulean technological concepts and processes are clearly homogeneous ; diversified biotopes exploitation, technical adaptations according to the raw material bring some regional or local variabilities
Rocca, Roxane. « Peut-on définir des aires culturelles au Paléolithique inférieur ? : originalité des premières industries lithiques en Europe centrale dans le cadre du peuplement de l’Europe ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100060.
Texte intégralOut of Africa diffusion models stipulate that the earliest humans reached Europe in two waves, each correlating with a different techno-cultural entity. The earliest occupation, dating back to over a million years ago, is characterised by the production of flakes and pebble tools. The second wave is related to the Acheulean, since the first handaxe industries in Europe date back to 0.6 million years ago. However, the Central European data are difficult to incorporate into this theoretical framework. Despite being located on the Out of Africa route towards Europe, this region has not yielded the archaeological evidence that could have been expected. Evidence of humans occupations before 0.5 million years ago is sparse and handaxes are absent during the entire duration of the Lower Palaeolithic with the assemblages present being more unique. Does Central Europe represent a specific techno-cultural unit during the Lower Palaeolithic? Or do we need to question our methodological tools to be able to find an answer to this apparent paradox? This study aims to answer these questions through the analyses of four lithic assemblages. The first two collections (Korolevo VI in Ukraine and Kärlich-Seeufer in Germany) are dated around 0.5 Ma and contain industries that are characterised by the production of various types of flakes. Conversely, the other two assemblages (Vértesszölös in Hungary and Bilzingsleben in Germany) are typified by the selective production of small blanks. The results of this study of the first lithic industries from Central Europe, allow a reconsideration of the question of the earliest occupation of Europe and the criteria taken into account in the definition of the different Lower Palaeolithic cultural entities and technological systems
Leader, George Michael. « Early Acheulean in the Vaal River basin, Rietputs Formation, northern Cape province, South Africa ». Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8135.
Texte intégralCouzens, Raymond Alexander. « An analysis of the symmetry of large cutting tools within the South African Acheulean ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11896.
Texte intégralLambert-Law, de Lauriston Timothy Stephen. « An exploration of use-wear analysis on Acheulean large cutting tools : the Cave of Hearths' Bed 3 assemblage ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18534.
Texte intégralLarge cutting tools (LCTs) are a stone tool techno-group that appeared ca. 1.76 Ma in Africa and marked the beginning of the Acheulean. The group is conventionally comprised of three tool types called handaxes, cleavers, and picks. The function of LCTs has only been determined through assumptions (e.g., names based on historical antecedents or assigning functional names to morpho-types) or through experimental tasks designed to determine if a particular tool type was efficient for a given task, (e.g., are handaxes conducive to butchery tasks?). To date, no extensive use-wear analysis has been carried out on African Acheulean LCTs. This is the pioneering study. Utilising a multi-stranded approach comprised of experimental archaeology, blind testing and low- power use-wear analysis the functions of a sample of LCTs from The Cave of Hearths were derived. The Cave of Hearths (CoH) lies in the Makapan Valley in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Excavations were carried out from 1947 to 1954, and it is these excavations from which this study draws its sample. Thirty-eight handaxes and cleavers from the CoH Bed 3 Acheulean (ca. 0.5 Ma) were submitted to a low-power use-wear analysis. The results showed that a full range of tasks was performed on site including: wood- working, animal and vegetal matter processing, accompanied by digging and a number of other tasks. Corroborated by faunal analysis and an environmental reconstruction, the results suggest that the cave acted as a home camp/ residential base to the hominins that inhabited the area during the Acheulean. Additionally, evidence was found which may indicate that two of the tools were possibly hafted. If this finding is corroborated by future studies it would push back by approximately 150 Ka the earliest date previously published for hafting with Mode 3 tools.
Tasker, Daniel. « Raw material sourcing and economy from the Acheulean Open-Air Site of Maropeng, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa ». Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/31057.
Texte intégralThe Earlier Stone Age lithic assemblage discovered on the Maropeng property is a palimpsest of Acheulean stone tool materials and is one of only two published open-air Earlier Stone Age sites within the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. Research on excavated lithics found that quartzite dominates as the raw material of choice in the assemblage, represented by 65.4% of the pieces. To date, no investigations have attempted to provenance the quartzite artefacts, nor explore the landscape-use behaviours. To determine the raw material source locations and transport distances, geochemical testing was applied to a subsample of cores from the Maropeng excavated assemblage and the quartzite outcrops within a three kilometre radius of the Maropeng property. Thereafter, reduction intensity data, calculated from 22 Large Cutting Tools and 60 cores, were compared to the geochemically determined possible origins. In turn, statistical correlations between outcrop distance and reduction intensity were used to interpret mobility and landscape-use behaviours. Results indicate the area hosts a multitude of quartzite outcrops, providing a broad variety of quartzite lithologies from which hominins around one million years ago could choose. Utilising variation and clustering statistical techniques, 12 of the 14 artefacts analysed through geochemical methods were linked to geological samples and probable outcrops. This research suggests hominins accessed quartzites from various locations across the landscape up to a range of 2.8 kilometres from the site of discovery. This study presents preliminary insights into the abilities of Acheulean tool manufacturing, the economy thereof, and early hominin behaviour in this region, at a landscape scale
CK2021
Murray, John K. « Exploring handaxe function at Shishan Marsh – 1 : combining qualitative and quantitative approaches using the edge damage distribution method ». Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8462.
Texte intégralGraduate
2018-08-01
Leader, George Michael. « New excavations at Canteen Kopje, Northern Cape province, South Africa : a techno-typological comparison of three earlier Acheulean assemblages with new interpretations on the Victoria West phenomenon ». Thesis, 2014.
Trouver le texte intégralThe site of Canteen Kopje in Barkly West, South Africa, has provided the archaeological record with an invaluable collection of Earlier Stone Age artefacts. An alluvial deposit approximately 1km from the modern Vaal River, the site contains an abundance of artefacts. A 2007 – 2009 excavation in Pit 6 has provided an assemblage of over 15,000 artefacts that has been dated by cosmogenic nuclide burial method. Three distinct assemblages show technological changes through time of the earlier Acheulean industrial complex. The youngest industry, the Prepared Core Technology Assemblage, is dated to 1.2 ± .07 Ma and contains Victoria West prepared core technology. Beneath it is the Organised Core Assemblage which is void of Victoria West prepared core technology but contains cores that demonstrate more organised knapping techniques in the form of asymmetrical control. This assemblage is dated to 1.51 ±0.8 Ma. Finally, the underlying Basal Early Acheulean Assembage lacks both prepared cores and organised cores and is >1.51 Ma in age. The abundance of large angular clasts of andesite in the area made multiple knapping strategies effective for the manufacture of large flakes. A technological sequence in the knapping strategies has emerged in this excavation, from simple cores to organised cores and finally prepared cores. The older technologies clearly display the roots of prepared core technology in the asymmetrical control of the organised knapping methods. The overall success of the knapping strategies prior to the appearance of the Victoria West industry in the Canteen Kopje archaeological record creates questions as to why more complex strategies might have been implemented over time. Analysis of the assemblages from the Pit 6 excavation fails to provide a clear technological explanation within the empirical data as to why this change occurs. This research therefore argues that the Victoria West prepared core knapping strategy is a localized stone age culturally motivated knapping tradition.
Li, Hao. « Large cutting tools in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, central China : typology, technology and morphology ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18582.
Texte intégralThe progress achieved on research of the different handaxe-bearing regions of China is making the study of the Acheulean an exciting and important field in the Chinese Palaeolithic. However, compared with other well-known Large Cutting Tool or LCT-bearing regions, e.g., Bose in southern China and Luonan in central China, the work in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region (DRR) is still at the stage of data collection, and deeper research into the meaning of these materials is still under way. In international academic circles, the DRR is almost never considered in the latest discussions about the Chinese Acheulean. The work in this thesis attempts to improve this situation. The thesis is presented as four published papers and one submitted paper of Acheulean materials from the DRR, central China. Through a detailed study of these materials from typological, technological and morphological perspectives, I have now achieved significant understanding of the Acheulean techno-complex in DRR, especially in its regional variability and adaptation compared with other Acheulean regions in China. Lastly, the questions that are still awaiting resolution in the future are also discussed.