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1
Snyder, J. Lauren. « A critical theory of peace practice : discourse ethics and facilitated conflict resolution ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1575/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis argues for the need to answer the question how can we use critical theory to rethink the meta-theoretical foundations of facilitated conflict resolution. It draws on Jurgen Habermas' discourse ethics-based framework and a methodology of communicative rationality to articulate the foundations of a Critical Theory of Peace Practice. An illustrative example of the Oslo Channel, which led to the Declaration of Principles and Letters of Mutual Recognition between Israel and the PLO with the third- party facilitative assistance of Norwegians in 1993, sets the stage for exploring the extent to which facilitated conflict resolution approaches can contribute to peace practices. John Burton's ideas are critically and carefully examined as he has most extensively articulated the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of such an approach. It is contended that although he identifies practices that differ from traditional mediation approaches, theoretically he remains committed to a behavioural-oriented human needs theory and is reliant on instrumental rationality in which success in the problem-solving setting is prioritised. Other scholars and practitioners who have attempted to expand and refine the Burtonian perspective are studied. It is argued that although each offers modifications to either the theory or the practice, all fail to fundamentally move beyond instrumental rationality and human needs theory. A communicative rationality methodology and a meta-theoretical foundation of Habermas' discourse ethics is proposed for grounding a theory of peace practice. By shifting the emphasis from needs to communication, this suggested framework is intended not only to impact the facilitation process, but the broader public sphere in which the legitimacy of any reached agreements must be accepted for establishing and sustaining peace. The most promising intimations of the praxeological dimensions of such an approach can be found in the realm of conflict transformation and peace-building with their associated desire to effect changes in socio-political arrangements.
2
Mackenzie, John Andrew. « Recycling ideology, reclaiming hegemony : ecologism and post-Marxist discourse theory / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19394.pdf.
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Payrow, Shabani Abdollah. « Discourse ethics, power, and legitimacy, the ideal of democracy and the task of critical theory in Habermas ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ57062.pdf.
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Cagle, Lauren E. « Shaping Climate Citizenship : The Ethics of Inclusion in Climate Change Communication and Policy ». Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6197.
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The problem of climate change is not simply scientific or technical, but also political and social. This dissertation analyzes both the role and the ethical foundations of citizenship and citizen engagement in the political and social aspects of climate change communication and policy-making. Using a critical discourse analysis of a policy recommendations drafted by the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, I demonstrate how climate change policy documentation naturalizes a particular version of citizenship I call “climate citizenship.” Based on environmental critiques of liberal and civic republican citizenship, I show how this “climate citizenship” would be more productive and ethical if based on theories of environmental citizenship rooted in an ecological feminist ethic of flourishing. This critique of current representations of citizenship in climate change policy offers a theoretically sound basis for future engaged work in rhetoric of science focused on policy-making.
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Akdenizli, Dilek. « Critical Theory, Deliberative Democracy And International Relations Theory ». Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606881/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the 20th century, Critical Theory has been very influential on every discipline of social sciences including international relations. According to Critical IR Theory, traditional theories are problem solving and try to explain repetition and recurrence, rather than changehowever, the main subject matter of an IR theory should be the change itself. The idea of change is also constitutive of Habermasian political thought. Jü
rgen Habermas, as a critical theorist, has developed the model of Deliberative Democracy to provoke a change in the political life of the Western countries towards a more ethical politics. According to Habermas, such a change will eliminate the legitimacy crisis occurred in Western democracies. Therefore, Habermas aims at strengthening the moral basis of democratic understanding in order to make masses participate actively in decision making processes. According to him, rational consensus must be at the centre of democracy, and it can be reached, only if every part of the deliberation has the opportunity to express their arguments equally. Once the idea of rational consensus becomes a regulative rule of democracy, it is possible to change the nature of politics, including international politics
6
Lin, Chia-Fan. « Environmental discourse on ethics, society and law : an inquiry from the point of view of Jürgen Habermas's theory of modernity ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU483234.
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Environmental problems cause people to think and look for change. In this context, the so-called deep environmental discourse emerges in order to address the problem in 'deep' terms. Within it, there are two dominant approaches: the axiological and spiritual approaches. The former commits itself to arguing for an extension of our moral relations to the natural environment, while the latter stresses a need for a reopening for our communication with nature. However, both approaches are accused of naturalism and scientism. In addition, the axiological approach tends inevitably towards a metaphysical mode of thinking, while the spiritual approach is inclined to thinking in terms of myth. The results of these approaches is that the critical potential of the deep environmental discourse is lost. In this project, I apply Heberman's theory of modernity to restore and re-establish the critical potential of the deep environmental discourse. The green ideas of 'intrinsic value of nature' and 'unity with nature' can be reformulated as a postmetaphysical mode of thinking without metaphysical and spiritual implications. The idea of 'reconciliation with nature' can be defused since a comprehensive conception of rationality, i.e., communicative rationality, can replace a restricted conception of rationality, i.e. purposive rationality. Deep thinking is then directed towards a critique of the philosophy of the subject embodied in a form of simple modernity. The normative thrust of the deep environmental discourse is identified with reflexive modernity. Contrary to the spiritual approach, a reconstructed deep position is not opposed to modernity. In addition, in contrast to the axiological approach, a reconstructed position is not confined to simple modernity. Methodologically speaking, the limitation of simple modernity can be analysed in terms of a critique of the philosophy of consciousness by the philosophy of language. In terms of social theory, simple modernity is confined to a one-sided rationalisation resulting in the 'colonisation of systems over the lifeworld'. In terms of legal theory, simple modernity is exhibited in the limited understanding of law in both normative and descriptive perspectives.
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Atif, Muhammad. « A communicative approach to responsability discourse in business : from societal to corporate and individual levels ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933363.
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I position my doctoral thesis in the broad field of organization science; it stands within the domains of business ethics, sustainability, and corporate responsibility. I appreciate the emergence of a globalized world whereby countries, people, and businesses are connected to each other through economic, political, social, and technological ties. The globalized economies and societies pose complex and multifaceted challenges. To cope with these challenges, businesses will have to assume newer responsibilities and roles. These responsibilities originate from the evolving societal expectations about businesses and their duties. Hence social discourse on business responsibility should highlight the emerging societal expectations. Further, within businesses, the responsibility discourse should give an insight to the reaction of businesses to these emerging responsibilities. And, finally these discourses should affect the consumers' cognitive development, and consequently impact their attitudes and behaviors. The challenges of sustainability and corporate responsibility are complex, conflicting and at times contradictory. It is imperative to bank on our ability to communicate, to discuss and to co-create universally applicable rules. Therefore I adopt a discursive approach in my thesis, and use Habermas' theory of communicative action (1981) as an overarching theoretical framework. The thesis contains three research studies, each focusing on one aspect of responsibility, thus covering the three levels of responsibility discourse: societal, corporate and individual. The first article presents a thematic analysis of the business responsibility discourse in popular CSR and sustainability books. Content analyses is used to elicit the apparent and latent responsibility themes of the sample books. The second article focuses on the patterns of social disclosure among large French corporations. The responsibility discourse is analyzed through content analyses of the annual reports of CAC-40 companies. The last article is aimed to comprehend the adoption of ethically conscious behaviors by the consumers. The article first presents a quantitative model of consumers' ethical decision making and then validates it empirically by structural equation modeling.
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Jakobsson, Emma. « How can we know anything in questions of morality ? : A Critical Assessment of Rainer Forst’s Theory of Justification ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351659.
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When discussing any question in which a human being has a moral claim or a moral choice to make we need to address the justification of those claims and actions. Hence one can ask the question whether we can discuss a justification of moral judgments without having any specific knowledge about any corresponding fact or if it is possible to justify a moral judgment without having that kind of knowledge. This thesis has critically assessed Rainer Forst’s justification theory in relation to moral epistemology, aiming at clarifying his position on the matter. The study shows that Forst’s position is one of a cognitivist nature with a form of rational constructivism. The thesis suggests an alternative approach to Forst’s justification theory. Forst should take on an empiricist explanation when it comes to justifying moral judgements and therefore an epistemology that is not rationalism. Therefore, I suggest a form of realism when it comes to the discussion of his ontology.
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Blankenship, Lisa. « Changing the Subject : A Theory of Rhetorical Empathy ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1374430177.
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Quibell, Ruth Grace, et rquibell@swin edu au. « Unmaking the other ? : discourses in intellectual disability in contemporary society ». Swinburne University of Technology. Department of Sociology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050830.133554.
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Unmaking the Other? is a qualitative sociological analysis of the discourses of intellectual
disability present in contemporary Australian society. It attempts to reveal the ways that people with intellectual disabilities 'are' for Australians. This is important because people with
intellectual disabilities have a long history of being seen as 'other' or 'not one of us'. For many
years they were kept 'out of sight, and out of mind� on the margins of our communities, locked
in institutions or hidden in sheltered workshops. Yet, during the last few decades there has been
a concerted effort to bring people with intellectual disabilities back into society. Institutions and sheltered workshops closed, and policies of inclusion, normalisation and community living were vigorously pursued. People with intellectual disabilities are now equal citizens in the eyes of the law.
But how readily have we accepted that people with intellectual disability are 'one of us'? Have
community living reforms overturned deep cultural dispositions that cast people with intellectual disabilities as 'lesser', 'defective', and lacking personhood? This thesis investigates recent community living reforms, especially the assumption that inclusion and education would
radically transform our conceptualisations of people with intellectual disabilities. To do this, it draws on contemporary social and political theory to explore how the meanings of disability are created and maintained, focusing on the Foucauldian concept of discourse. This Foucauldian
theorisation of discourse, power and knowledge informs a methodology devised to provide a
more detailed and sophisticated analysis of the meanings of intellectual disability than previous
investigations. Texts from three key social arenas are analysed for the way in which our society
constructs intellectual disability, and these analyses lead to a number of theoretical and practical conclusions.
Specifically, the main contributions of this thesis are: the identification and analysis of fourteen distinct discourses of intellectual disability, the theoretical explication of their relations to one another, and theoretical discussion of what their presence reveals about intellectual disability in today�s Australia. The findings of a variety of discursive constructions of intellectual disability suggest a complex picture in which discourses of inclusion and membership have emerged that are consistent with community living reforms, while at the same time there has been a continuation of discourses that view people with intellectual disabilities as defective humans.
Drawing on theory and empirical evidence, possibilities are suggested for further political and educational interventions into the discursive construction of people with intellectual disabilities.
The problems posed by our attempts at liberation through community living reforms are major;
this thesis contributes to this task by revealing the complexity, contradictions, and resistances
inherent in this task. What is more, it sees these findings not as causes for dismay, but as reasons for cautious hope.
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Ehnberg, Jenny. « Globalization, Justice, and Communication : A Critical Study of Global Ethics ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247796.
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The purpose of this study is to seek to an answer to the question of what constitutes a tenable model for global ethics. This is done in part by a critical engagement with four different models of global ethics; two proposals from political philosophy and two contributions from theological ethics. The models analyzed in the study are: (1) the capabilities approach as developed by Martha Nussbaum, (2) Seyla Benhabib’s discourse ethics and model of cosmopolitan federalism, (3) David Hollenbach’s model of the common good and human rights, and (4) the model for responsibility ethics and theological humanism as developed by William Schweiker. These models contain different understandings of global justice, human rights, and sustainable development. The study works with six primary problems: (1) Which are the main moral problems associated with different processes of globalization? (2) What should be the response to these problems, in the form of a normative ethical model? (3) What is the relation between global ethics and universalism? (4) What kind of institutional vision for the international arena does a tenable global ethic promote? (5) Given the human diversity and global pluralism, what would be a reasonable view of the human being included in a global ethic? (6) What kind of ethical theory is sustainable for global ethical reflection? These questions also form the basis for the analysis of the models. The study uses a set of criteria in order to assess the answers that the models offer for these questions. These criteria also constitute the framework within which the author’s contribution to the discussion of global ethics is phrased. The criteria are founded on an idea of what characterizes global ethical reflection. The contention is that a tenable global ethic should be relevant, and it should also be related to a reasonable view of human beings and a plausible ethical theory. Together these support the criterion of communicability, which argues that a global ethic should above all be communicable, i.e. capable of enabling cross-cultural communication. A central argument which this study makes is that a kind of ethical contextualism is more reasonable than an epistemological universalism.
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Feighery, William G. « (Re)membering England : a discourse analysis of the governance of diversity ». Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/319932.
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Studies on the representation of 'local' populations, in and through tourism, have tended to focus on 'traditional' peoples in 'developing' countries. In this study of the representation of ethno-cultural diversity in the discourse of Official Tourism Organisations (OTOs), by contrast, I focus on a 'developed' West European country: England. This study was carried out in order critically to inspect the representation/signification of 'minority' ethnic populations in the text and talk of OTOs in England within the period 2000-2003. The study is framed within an anti foundational dialogue of social constructionism. In analysing OTO discursive practices I use Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore the representation of ethno-cultural diversity in a number of 'interview', 'operational' and 'promotional' texts. The CDA framework employed is designed to reveal patterns of discourse in the text as well as to provide a basis for understanding the micro context (for 'operational' and 'promotional' texts) of text production and distribution. Also, the framework facilitates a consideration of the macro institutional context within which OTOs in England operate. From the analysis of OTO texts carried out in this study I propose a number of interpretative findings, including 'discourses' of denial, equality and otherness. Overall, the 'interpretative findings' suggest that OTO texts are produced and circulated within a discourse of silence on matters of ethno-cultural diversity in England. I conclude this study by suggesting a number of transforrnative actions for the development by OTOs in England of an ethical 'politics of articulation'. In addition I identify a number of problematic arenas within which tourism studies scholars might pursue future research agendas and to that end I propose some potentially useful points of entry into the broader social science literature.
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Pettinato, Davide Domenico. « Understanding the discourse of British Muslim NGOs : Islamic relief and MADE as case studies ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33164.
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Inspired by the increasingly high visibility of British Muslim NGOs (BMNGOs), by the lack of research on their discourses and by the growing salience of frames theory within the mainstream NGO sector, this thesis offers a significant and original contribution by exploring, describing, and analysing the discourse of two BMNGOs carefully selected as case studies: Islamic Relief (IR) and MADE (Muslim Action for Development and the Environment). The primary aim of the thesis is empirical, driven by the research question: ‘what frames seem to be at work in the discourse of BMNGOs?’ Through an in-depth analysis of a range of public documents produced by the two case studies (e.g. annual reports and websites), the thesis identifies and analyses the main frames used by IR and MADE to articulate three key aspects of their discourses: i) organisational identity; ii) mobilisation efforts; and iii) conceptualisations of their supporter base. Guided by this overarching research question, the thesis offers an original and interdisciplinary insight into the nuances of the case studies’ meaning systems, thereby showing their complexities and resonance with multiple narratives and ideational repertoires. The emerging ‘thick descriptions’ of IR and MADE represent, in and of themselves, the main results of the study, which is intended to enable readers from different disciplinary backgrounds to gain a nuanced insight into BMNGOs’ discourses. At a secondary level, the thesis also pursues the theoretical aim to start exploring how the frames identified in the study inform the two research sub-questions: ‘how to think about BMNGOs?’ and ‘how to think about British Muslim civic engagement?’ Several observations are put forward in this regard. Taken together, these suggest that IR can be understood as a faith-based organisation that simultaneously draws on a range of heritages and increasingly offers opportunities for active citizenship among British Muslims within the framework of what is broadly characterizable as a ‘NGO-led order’. On the other hand, the thesis suggests that MADE can be understood as an exemplar of the current era of ‘loose activist networks’, more precisely as a ‘Muslim lifestyle’ social movement organisation that promotes among British Muslims a multifaceted form of civic engagement inspired by an Islamic ethical framework.
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Doyle, Daniel S. « A Discourse-Proceduralist Case for Election and Media Reform after Citizens United ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339711190.
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Campbell, Bruce Kirkwood. « Ethics and worldview in identity-based conflict in Nigeria : a practical theological perspective on the religious dimension of violence in Plateau State ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33120.
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Severe intercommunal violence has repeatedly rocked Plateau State in the first decade of the new millennium, killing thousands of people. Observers have attributed the "crisis" to political, economic and social forces which breed pockets of exclusion and resentment. One notable model explains the violence through a paradigm of privileged "indigenes" who seek to prevent "settlers" from the political rights which would give them the access to the resources managed by the state and the economic opportunities that this entails. While not taking issue with the diagnosed causes of conflict, the Researcher argues that there is a substantial body of evidence being ignored which points to conflict cleavage having opened up along the divide of Christian-Muslim religious identity in a way that the settler-identity model does not sufficiently explain. On the basis that perceptions are as important as facts when it comes to seeking a transformational peace process, he sets out to map world-views, identities and ethics of the warring factions. The researcher, motivated to undertake this research by his direct experience of the 2008 crises and three years experience as an adviser to the EYN's rural development outreach in Adamawa and Borno States, posits that religion may indeed be part of the problem, and mosque and church must be partners to a solution. Forced to limit the scope of his research, he embarks on the initial stages of a practical theological investigation in order to review the conflict from a specifically religious perspective which might assist the Church in its efforts towards peace. Research is focussed on the perceptions of the pew faithful of two denominations in Plateau and Adamawa States and is based on an evaluation of interviews and focus groups which were held across a range of cohorts and settings in order to draw comparative conclusions. Respondents' backgrounds were both rural/urban, young/old, Muslim/Christian, and hailed from various ethnic groups (Berom, Tarok, Kamwe, Fali and HausaFulani). Evaluation methodology drew heavily on Grounded Theory and also included elements of Critical Discourse Analysis. The success of the methodology hinged on the ability of the Researcher to establish rapport and trust with respondents. The applied research methods were foremostly designed to build theory rather than statistically test any hypotheses. The thesis detects evidence not only for the salience of religion as a factor in the way conflict unfolds, but of religion displacing ethnicity as the marker of identity in some locations and age groups. It also demonstrates how ethno-religious narratives stemming from former rural strife between nomadic and sedentary populations and urban conflicts resulting from the competition for indigene rights have been conflated and then further reinforced by the emerging threat of Boko Haram, resulting in a narrative of a unified Muslim programme for conquest, domination and forced conversion. In tune with an undertaking couched in practical theology, this research also identifies a number challenges to the Church's witness and its ability to be a convincing force for reconciliation which arise from this. Eminently, there are signs that ethnocentric mores have been integrated into an emerging Christian identity, which engenders a monolatric perception of God and a penchant to reinforce boundaries rather than remove them. However, Christians also feel restricted by a Christian imperative to forego violence and beleaguered by an Islamic front which they perceive as having moral licence to perpetrate violence in pursuit of dominance. The researcher holds the conviction that it is the Nigerian Church who must embark on a theological process on her own to respond to some of these problems, and concludes with a number of propositions and recommendations to assist her on this voyage.
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Croona, Gill. « Etik och utmaning. : Om lärande av bemötande i professionsutbildning ». Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-385.
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During recent years there have been noticeable shortcomings in the human encounter of people seeking some form of health care in Sweden. This is something that affects professional education within ‘the welfare state’ and implies that human expectations, societal demands and questions about knowledge, basic values and competence have become pedagogically interesting. The basic aim of the dissertation is - to contribute to a practically, relevant and theoretical in-depth understanding of the learning and teaching of ethics in professional education. By taking nursing education as an example and focussing on the human encounter of the person seeking care, the dissertation aims - by analysis of the pedagogic practice and from a critical-theoretical perspective – to provide a foundation for such an understanding. The research perspective includes a social-philosophical point of departure with a focus on Mead’s interactional view of learning and Habermas’s critical theory of social communication. Methodologically an emphasis is placed on discourse analysis. The results demonstrate how the learning and teaching of ethics in human encounters can be understood as a question of communication of both knowledge and values. In the theoretical reconstruction that follows it is shown how pedagogic actions, learning and competence can be understood as communication of and in particular contextual discourses. The six discourses are: ‘the efficiency-related discourse’, ‘the expert-related discourse’, the ‘care-related discourse’, ‘the communicative-related discourse’, ‘the egocentric discourse’ and ‘the ethnocentric discourse’, all of which are mutually related to each other. The contextual discourses focus on different values. Those that are most conducive to creating pleasant human encounters are the communicative- and the care-related discourses, which also form the foundation for the pedagogic recommendation that makes up the concluding discussion of the dissertation. The recommendation concerns a pedagogical practice that affirms, pays attention to, safeguards and challenges and thus generates creativity, as well as the legitimacy of pluralism. To engage in stimulating pedagogical discussion means being committed, taking responsibility and practicing solidarity in the profession of education. Such a ‘deliberative pedagogy’ creates possibilities for people to develop solidarity of judgement in a society that increasingly demanding that. In conclusion, the recommendation for a new and challenging human encounter-ethical-pedagogy is intended to show that ‘ideals can be realistic’. Normative recommendations do not have to be abstract visions of the future, but can be looked upon as means of focussing on alternative actions, that despite the difficulties are possible to realise – here and now.
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Linnér, Susanne. « Värden och villkor : pedagogers samtal om ett yrkesetiskt dokument ». Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2032.
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During the last decade, issues concerning ethics and values have been given much attention in debates on education as well as in society in general. The problems surrounding such issues are tied to current societal trends towards growing differentiation, individualisation, and increasingly fragmented value systems. Consequently, the core values of pre-schools and schools are currently stressed also as a basic ethical and democratic responsibility of teachers and other pedagogical personnel. The aim of this dissertation is to analytically reconstruct pedagogic discourses on issues related to core values and ethics. The research perspective includes a social-philosophical point of departure with a focus on Habermas’s theories of communicative action and discourse ethics. The methodology builds on critical discourse analysis. The results shed light on the ways in which teaching teams in pre-schools and schools at different levels discuss and attempt to reach agreement concerning a local document focussed on professional ethics. There are striking differences as to how ethically relevant concepts such as "starting from the childrens' / pupils' own capabilities," "sense of security," "responsibility," "respect," and "active participation" are talked about. In the theoretical reconstruction that follows, it is argued that the discussions can be understood as communication about and within particular types of contextual discourses. The five types of discourses formulated in the study are the following: "efficiency-oriented discourse," "normative tradition-oriented discourse," "care-oriented discourse," "communication-oriented discourse," and individual-oriented discourse," all of which are mutually related to each other. When the conversations are analysed from the perspective of critical discourse theory, a deeper understanding emerges of how childrens' learning about ethics and morals takes place in relation to the types of pedagogic discourse they encounter. Efficiency-oriented, normative tradition-oriented and individual-oriented discourse may lead to learning that counteracts the aims of schools as meeting-places for democracy. However, care-oriented discourse and communicative-oriented discourse both embody qualities that may increase the opportunities to work towards overarching educational goals such as democracy and solidarity. The results of the study show that the lofty ideals presented in educational directives and policy documents risk giving rise to exhaustion and feelings of guilt among pedagogues trying to live up to them when adequate resources are not available. The ability to make sound moral judgements may deteriorate due to increasingly stressful work situations where demands are not in line with the actual resources of everyday pedagogic contexts.
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Campos, Juliana Cristine Diniz. « Nomogênese e poder constituinte : fundamentação racional e legitimação democrática da norma constitucional ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-23112016-083053/.
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O poder constituinte, tal como entendido pela teoria constitucionalista clássica, é definido como poder bruto, original, ilimitado e incondicionado, a partir do qual nasce o Estado e, por consequência, a ordem jurídica. Esse poder, definido como supraestatal, não encontra limites no direito e, nas concepções democráticas, é titularizado pelo povo soberano. Essa concepção teórica passa por uma releitura no trabalho, a fim de se definir o poder constituinte como poder comunicativo criador da norma constitucional, de aparição episódica, por meio do qual é possível filtrar os argumentos morais, ético-políticos e estratégicos expostos pelos cidadãos na esfera pública democrática, representativos de um modo de vida compartilhado que se impõe politicamente. De acordo com a releitura apresentada, os postulados da ilimitação material e da incondicionalidade do poder constituinte não se sustentam em face do paradigma da racionalidade comunicativa e dialogal. Na qualidade de momento de fundação e fundamentação da ordem constitucional, o poder constituinte precisa respeitar direitos pressupostos, garantidores da autonomia individual, e institucionalizar os procedimentos discursivos que viabilizam a reprodução do direito legítimo. Entendido como processo extraordinário, no qual os interesses e os valores permanecem latentes na sociedade, o exercício do poder constituinte representa um momento único para análise do discurso de fundamentação normativa, objeto central da tese. Associando-se fundamentação normativa com legitimidade política, nos termos da teoria democrática exposta por Jürgen Habermas, conclui-se que o cerne da legitimidade das ordens estatais organizadas democraticamente é a institucionalização de uma ordem jurídica fundamentada discursivamente por intermédio de um procedimento de deliberação pública, no qual todos os potenciais atingidos pela norma possam exprimir o seu assentimento. O poder constituinte, ao estruturar o estado, garante que o processo de formação da vontade e da opinião pública se estabilize e o consenso seja alcançado.Constituent power, based on classical constitutional theory, is defined as raw, original, limitless and unconditional power, from which the state and, consequently, legal order are born. Such power, defined as supranational, knows no boundaries in the law and according to democratic notions it is held by the sovereign people. This thesis reexamines that theoretical conception in order to define constituent power as a communicative power which creates constitutional norm; it appears occasionally and it allows for a selection of moral, ethical-political and strategic arguments introduced by citizens in the public democratic sphere which represent a shared way of life that imposes itself politically. According to this reexamination, postulates of constituent powers material illimitation and unconditionality cannot resist to the paradigm of communicative and dialogical rationality. As the founding moment and grounds of constitutional order, constituent power must respect presupposed rights which guarantee individual autonomy and institutionalize discursive procedures which enable the reproduction of legitimate law. Understood as an extraordinary process in which interests and values remain latent in society, exercise of constituent power represents a unique moment to analyze the normative grounds discourse, the core issue of this thesis. Combining normative grounds and political legitimacy, in the terms of the democratic theory introduced by Jürgen Habermas, the conclusion is that the essence of legitimacy of democratically-organized state orders is the institutionalization of a legal order based discursively through a process of public deliberation, where all individuals potentially affected by the norm may express their consent. By structuring the state, constituting power ensures that the public will and opinion formation process will become stable and consensus will be reached.
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Laird, Kurt Wilford. « Mormon Rhetoric and the Theory of Organic Evolution ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2411.pdf.
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Austin, Marne Leigh. « Nomadic Subjectivity and Muslim Women : A Critical Ethnography of Identities, Cultures, and Discourses ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371657565.
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Bergström, Linus. « “Excuse me, sir, but may I be of assistance ? Ah, I see I have alarmed you. Do not be frightened by my beard : I am a lover of America” : Highlighting bias in The Reluctant Fundamentalist with Positioning Theory, for the purpose of teaching students to critically assess narratives ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95909.
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This paper sets out to analyze The Reluctant Fundamentalist by a narratological application of positioning theory with the aim of highlighting the bias of the main character. The paper argues that using said novel in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom in conjunction with positioning theory could result in an improved understanding of how language is used in different situations for different purposes, which in turn can teach students to critically assess narratives in any medium. This paper also suggests that The Reluctant Fundamentalist could be a beneficial novel to use with the aim of providing students with ethical knowledge and awareness. The findings show that there are several acts of positioning from the main character where his bias against Americans is evident. These instances often consist of the main character contrasting himself and his behavior with Americans where differences of ethical values are expressed. The paper argues that his bias was formed because of an identity crisis, which was constituted of a multitude of factors. Furthermore, the pedagogical implications section suggests some benefits of working with positioning theory and the novel in the EFL classroom, in addition it also discusses some problematic aspects that could be important to be aware of when working with said novel.
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Harris-Ramsby, Fiona Jane. « The Habermas/Foucault debate : Implications for rhetoric and composition ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3277.
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This thesis sheds light on (1) the extent to which composition has fallen short in its efforts to examine Habermasian discourse in the public sphere/politicized classroom; and (2) whether, through a careful and explicit exploration of the Habermas/Foucault debate and the competing concepts of discourse contained therein, we might make use of those concepts in the politicized classroom to inform student writing in the public sphere.
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Karakas, Ziya Mert. « Secular Challenge to Power : An intercultural-analytical insight into two prominent member organizations of the European Humanist Federation : La Ligue de L'enseignement and the National Secular Society ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330927.
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Coleho, Fernanda Cristina Zacarias. « Direito e opinião pública na perspectiva discursiva ». Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4185.
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O presente trabalho tem como escopo a descrição das relações possíveis entre opinião pública e direito. A princípio, a pretensão se volta para a demonstração dos caminhos perpassados pela opinião pública, a partir das transformações sócio-políticas no âmbito da esfera pública burguesa, tal como descrita por Jürgen Habermas. Após a compreensão de elementos como a “publicidade”, a ser dada às questões de ordem pública, e a “acessibilidade”, a ser assegurada na reunião de um público que exerce livremente sua opinião, será possível antever algumas das concepções de justiça que se internalizaram nos indivíduos, inclusive sob uma ótica universalista que ultrapassa os interesses restritos aos litigantes, sob a perspectiva da moralidade. A explanação dará ensejo à caracterização da dimensão moral do direito. Em contrapartida, será realçada a função da discursividade procedimental necessária ao alcance do consenso e da fundamentação das regras de criação e aplicação normativa, mesmo nas ocasiões em que a argumentação se estabeleça por meio de discursos éticos ou pragmáticos, distanciando-se da ordem moral. Desse modo, a análise do direito sob a perspectiva discursiva presente na filosofia propositiva de Habermas terá o condão de estabelecer as nuances entre normatividade e racionalidade diante do caráter compromissório das normas, e como estas encontram sua legitimação a partir da formação política da opinião e da vontade.
This work is scoped to the description of the possible relations between public opinion and law. At first, the claim turns to the demonstration of the direction taken by public opinion, from the socio-political context of the bourgeois public sphere, as described by Jürgen Habermas. Understanding the elements as "publicity" to be given to issues of public policy, and "accessibility" to be provided at the meeting of a public holding their views freely, it is possible to anticipate some of the conceptions of justice that is internalized in people even under a universalist perspective that goes beyond the narrow interests to the litigants, from the perspective of morality. The explanation will give rise to the characterization of the moral dimension of law. On the other hand, will emphasize the role of procedural discourse necessary to reach consensus and rationale of the rules of creating and applying rules, even on occasions when the argument is established by ethical or pragmatic discourse, away from the moral order. Thus, the analysis of the discursive approach right under this purposeful philosophy of Habermas have the power to establish the nuances between normativity and rationality in face of mandatory standards, and how they find their legitimacy from the political formation of opinion and will.
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Smith, Kevin J. « A Critical Discourse Analysis of Developing the Curriculum Cymreig:The Language of Learning Welshness ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1292251849.
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Ball, Matthew J. « A 'deleterious' effect ? : Australian legal education and the production of the legal identity ». Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28601/.
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A body of critical legal scholarship argues that, by the time they have completed their studies, students who enter legal education holding social ideals and intending to use their legal education to achieve social change, have become cynical about the ability of the law to do so and no longer possess such ideals. This is explained by critical scholars to be the result of a process of ideological indoctrination, aimed at ensuring that graduates uphold the narrow and conservative interests of the legal profession and capitalist society, being exercised by law schools acting as adjuncts of the legal profession, and exercised upon the passive body of the law student.
By using Foucault’s work on knowledge, power, and the subject to interrogate the assumptions upon which this narrative is based, this thesis intends to suggest a way of thinking differently to the approach taken by many critical legal scholars. It then uses an analytics of government (based on Foucault’s notion of ‘governmentality’) to consider the construction of the legal identity differently. It examines the ways in which the governance of the legal identity is rationalised, programmed, and implemented, in three Queensland law schools. It also looks at the way that five prescriptive texts to ‘surviving’ law school suggest students establish and practise a relation to themselves in order to construct their own legal identities.
Overall, this analysis shows that governance is not simply conducted in the profession’s interests, but occurs due to a complex arrangement of different practices, which can lead to the construction of skilled legal professional identities as well as ethical lawyer-citizens that hold an interest in justice. The implications of such an analytics provide the basis for original ways of understanding legal education, and legal education scholarship.
27
Bardo, Nicholas William. « Harmony or Hegemony ? Chinese Citizen Perceptions of the Tiananmen Square Demonstrations of 1989, Taiwan Independence, and Tibetan Soveireignty ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395156398.
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Haraldsson, Anna-Lotta, et Hirsch Sara Lothigius. « To Be or Not To Be the Right Hiring Material – That is the Question : - A Discourse Analysis Regarding Recruitment and Ethnic Diversity with a Special Emphasis on the Romany Student Aid ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19070.
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This study aims to investigate how principals in Stockholm as recruiters talk about the recruitment process and ethnicdiversity and how these statements could affect the possibilities of a Romany acquiring a Student Aid position within theschool in question. The statements will be interpreted through a discursive perspective inspired by Foucault and Laclau &Mouffe with a special focus on the power aspect and its consequences in terms of inclusion and exclusion. The resultpresents that defining the right and wrong person for the job is the central theme (nodal point) in the discourse were theRomanies are seen as just almost right as their competence mainly works as a complement to the existing work-force.
29
Marchand, Aline. « Un nouveau poète à minuit. Ethos et horizons poétiques dans l'oeuvre de Robert Pinget ». Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030144.
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Cette thèse propose une traversée de l’œuvre protéiforme de Robert Pinget, depuis ses premiers poèmes jusqu’aux carnets, en passant par le roman, le théâtre ou les beaux livres. En croisant histoire littéraire, sociopoétique et pragmatique des genres, ce travail montre que la poésie représente un horizon esthétique pour le Nouveau Romancier, autrement dit un point de fuite à ses multiples expérimentations génériques. Les tensions entre son ethos poétique et ses livres parus à Minuit invitent à une lecture sensible au mouvement continu et inquiet de l’écriture vers une poésie résistant à toute taxinomie.Nous commençons par retracer la trajectoire de Pinget, abandonnant le poème et la peinture pour construire une carrière professionnelle de Nouveau Romancier publié aux Éditions de Minuit. Pourtant, au cœur même des romans les plus emblématiques de son œuvre, se perçoit la présence continue et inquiète d’un ethos de poète. Nous analysons ensuite l’expérimentation d’autres modes d’expression : beaux livres, pièces scéniques ou radiophoniques et carnets. L’exil du poète hors du territoire romanesque se rejoue lorsque le Nouveau Romancier explore ces contrées génériques pour retrouver le non-savoir et la fraîcheur du néophyte. Finalement, la poésie représente une origine et un avenir de l’œuvre tout entière. Nous interrogeons alors trois spécificités des horizons poétiques de l’écriture et de la lecture : la recomposition d’un univers sensoriel qui donne à voir et à entendre le monde, la constitution d’un espace-temps propre à l’écrivain d’où émerge une parole singulière et adressée, l’inscription du sujet selon les modalités modernes du lyrisme critiqueThis thesis takes the reader through Robert Pinget’s protean work, from early poems to notebooks including novels, theatre and art books. This work will examine literary history, sociopoetics and genre pragmatics in order to show that poetry represents an aesthetic horizon for the New Novelist, in other words a vanishing point for his manifold experiments in genre. The tension between his poetic ethos and his books published by Minuit invites the reader to pay attention to the continuous and disquieting movement in writing striving towards a poetry that refuses taxonomy.This study starts by going over Pinget’s path from his giving up poetry and painting to build a professional career as a New Novelist at Minuit Publishing House. Yet, at the very heart of his most iconic novels, the unremitting and anxious presence of a poet’s ethos can be perceived. Then this work discusses other modes of expression – art books, plays for the stage or the radio and notebooks. The New Novelist experiments the poet’s exile once again when out of fiction territory he explores those genre lands to regain the absence of knowledge and the freshness of the neophyte. Ultimately, poetry is both an origin and a future for the entire work. Then this study examines three specificities of writing and reading poetic perspectives – the recomposing of a sensory universe that makes the reader see and hear the world, the constitution of a specific space-time for the writer from which a powerfully original discourse emerges, the inscription of the subject in accordance with the modern methods of critical lyricism
30
Davis, Trent Boyd. « Conversation and the ethics of discourse ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39186.pdf.
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Durin, Guillaume. « L’énonciation du discours intellectuel de guerre juste aux Etats-Unis de 1971 à 2005 : exploration socio-discursive des trajectoires et des propositions de Jean Bethke Elshtain, James Turner Johnson, Michael Walzer et George Weigel ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30093.
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Depuis plus d’une soixantaine d’années, le débat de politique étrangère aux Etats-Unis fait référence à la « tradition » ou la « théorie » de la guerre juste et se décline en partie autour de conceptions, de critères et de postures qui y sont apparentés. La pratique est vivifiée par des philosophes, des politologues, des théologiens inscrits dans des contextes variés dont Michael Walzer, Jean B. Elshtain, James T. Johnson et George Weigel. Malgré des trajectoires et des choix dissemblables, ils ont notamment en commun de faire face à d’autres penseurs développant des perspectives moins enclines à admettre la mise en relation qu’ils pratiquent entre guerre et morale. Leurs prises de parole croisent celles de plusieurs séries de référents, d'alliés et de contradicteurs dont Reinhold Niebuhr, Paul Ramsey, William O’Brien, John Courtney Murray mais aussi Hans Morgenthau et plus récemment Richard Rorty, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Edward Saïd, Drew Christiansen, Martin L. Cook, John Langan, ou Bryan Hehir. La longévité de la communauté socio-discursive démontre la persistance d’un engagement intellectuel marqué par la volonté de promouvoir la justice et les principes éthiques et de dissoudre la dichotomie bellicisme/irénisme, cynisme/messianisme, pour défendre une « réalité morale de la guerre » située dans une forme avancée de « réalisme moral ». Les dynamiques à l’œuvre s’avèrent orientées par la recherche d’une « juste » conjugaison éthico-politique mais aussi par des logiques de positionnement et d’occupation au sein d’espaces délibératifs hautement conflictuels. Leur interprétation mobilise une perspective politologique socio-discursive et conflictualiste : socio-discursive car ancrée dans la pragmatique interactionniste développée par le linguiste Dominique Maingueneau et conflictualiste au sens que lui donne le sociologue Randall Collins. Elle souligne, pour finir, l’intérêt exploratoire des notions d’inter et de contre-discours mais aussi de communauté et de coalition socio-discursivesFor more than sixty years, the debate about the US foreign policy has referred to the “just war” theory. It has been based on conceptions and paradigms connected to that traditional notion of “just war” and invigorated by philosophers, political scientists or theologians including Michael Walzer, Jean B. Elshtain, James T. Johnson and George Weigel. The latter have different backgrounds and made dissimilar intellectual choices but they have common points, in particular a common aim to confront theorists that are not prone to link war and ethics. The “just war” thinkers interacts with several referred authors, with followers and detractors, including Reinhold Niebuhr, Paul Ramsey, William O’Brien, John Courtney Murray but also Hans Morgenthau and more recently, Richard Rorty, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Edward Saïd, Martin L. Cook, Drew Christiansen, John Langan, or Bryan Hehir. The durability of the socio-discursive community shows the persistence of an intellectual involvement characterized by the will to promote justice and ethical principles and to make the dichotomy between warmongering and irenicism, between cynicism and messianism, to defend the “moral reality of mar” belonging to an advanced form of “moral realism”. The dynamics at work turn out to be oriented by the seaking of a “just” combination between politics and ethics but also by positioning and occupancy logics within highly controversial deliberative areas. Therefore, the interpretation of the contemporary “just war” intellectual discourse requests the use of a socio-discursive and conflictualist perspective, issued from Dominique Maingueneau’s pragmatic theory and from Randall Collins’ sociology of intellectual conflicts. Lastly, the debates about a “just war” theory highlights interpretative interest of inter- and counter- discourse notions but also of socio-discursive coalitions and communities
32
Johri, Mira. « On the universality of Habermas's discourse ethics ». Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42062.
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This thesis investigates Habermas's attempt to establish a credible form of universalism in moral and political philosophy by means of the theoretical approach which he terms "discourse ethics." The central question motivating this study is whether Habermas succeeds in this ambition. Discourse ethics specifies a procedure which purports to enable all agents involved in a conflict of interest in which issues of justice are at stake to come to a rational and cooperative resolution. It proposes a position unique among contemporary approaches to justice in the strength and character of its anti-relativist stance: the plurality of human cultures and the situated character of human understanding do not, according to this theory, bar the way to arriving at a minimal form of moral universalism. Although the procedure specified in communicative ethics elucidates only a narrow range of concerns--those pertaining to justice in the strict sense--it aims to do so in a way valid across all human cultures.Habermas's strategy for the defence of a species-wide moral universalism is, I argue, both the key feature of his position, and the least well understood. Discussion of discourse ethics to date has focussed almost exclusively on the question of its appropriateness to the context of modern, Western pluralism. An important reason for this focus has been the intricacy of Habermas's argumentative strategy, which links the recent work on discourse ethics to his longstanding project of developing a theory of communicative action.
The principle aim of this thesis is to clarify Habermas's position by explicating his programme of justification. In so doing, I draw attention to several problems in his approach as a mechanism for cross-cultural conflict adjudication, and endeavour to provide a more perspicuous account of the relation of Habermas's theory to its main philosophical competitors, especially Rawlsian deontology, and contextualism.
33
Johri, Mira. « On the universality of Habermas's discourse ethics ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30304.pdf.
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Proops, Anya Lucie Victoria. « Habermas discourse ethics and liberal international society ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338904.
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Kleist, Chad. « Developing capabilities| A feminist discourse ethics approach ». Thesis, Marquette University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10154790.
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This dissertation attempts to preserve the central tenets of a global moral theory called “the capabilities approach” as defended by Martha Nussbaum, but to do so in a way that better realizes its own goals of identifying gender injustices and gaining cross-cultural support by providing an alternative defense of it. Capabilities assess an individual’s well-being based on what she is able to do (actions) and who she is able to be (states of existence). Nussbaum grounds her theory in the intuitive idea that each and every person is worthy of equal respect and dignity. The problem with grounding a theory in a version of intuitionism is that it runs the risk of authoritarian moral reasoning. I argue Nussbaum, in fact, is the final arbiter who decides which intuitions are mistaken, which are not, and how to interpret what people say to fit into her own framework. This method of justifying capabilities is most problematic in cases of social inequality whereby dominant group members do not feel they need to check their intuitions against non-dominant group members, and even if they did, they are not forced to take the non-dominant group’s intuitions seriously.
I find capabilities as a global moral theory to be very promising, and I agree with Nussbaum that a list of capabilities is beneficial for identifying people who are not able to live a truly dignified human life. However, I am also sympathetic to the criticism of defending capabilities using a version of intuitionism. So, I offer an alternative method of justifying the capabilities rooted in the discourse ethics tradition. This method seeks all persons that are affected by the outcome to freely and equally share their opinion. This avoids the charge of authoritarian moral reasoning, because (1) it seeks perspectives other than simply one’s own, but unlike traditional ethics, it (2) pays special attention to the ways in which power relations shape dialogue. Ultimately, I hope to have preserved the central tenets of the capabilities approach while better realizing Nussbaum’s commitment to defending a theory that is gender sensitive and has gained cross-cultural support.
36
Arifin, Anisa Aini. « Always Listening ? : An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Voice Assistant Technology in Indonesia ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414173.
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Voice assistant technology on smartphones, smart speakers, or those on the wearable devices is one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications in the market now. However, with the potential ethical issues related to the voice technology, it still has not been extensively covered in major markets such as Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore Indonesians’ perception of voice assistant technology, mainly focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their adoption and use of the technology. Firstly, the picture of the discussion about voice assistants and the possibilities of ethical issues is surrounding the technology in the Indonesian landscape by media is presented using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings indicate that educational and informative material has a wider resonance compared to ethical concerns and the downsides received from the technology. Secondly, the study also explored the motivations to adopt and use the technology, focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their perception of the technology, attitude, and experience toward voice assistants through semi-structured interviews. The data, then, was analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It shows that the users who perceive the voice assistant useful or easy to use still use it to a varying extent. It indicates that TAM variables are not fully explaining the adoption of technology. Adding an ethical framework, we can see that most of the users do not have enough knowledge of the technology they use. It resonates with the portrayal of the subject in media. However, those who are unaware of or neglect the situation to adopt and use the technology still use voice technology influenced by peer pressure, their respect for authority, and other rationalization behavior. Meanwhile, mediation theory explores the influence of the human- technology relationship on the ethical behavior of the users. It also explains that the relation between technology and users is an alterity relationship.
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Lindquist, Peter. « Apologia i offentligheten : En studie av Ola Lindholms retoriska försvar mot Expressens kokainanklagelser ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11805.
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On the 12:th of April 2011, the Swedish tabloid magazine Expressen publishes a story, claiming that Ola Lindholm, presenter of critically acclaimed TV-show “Wild Kids” has been suspected and apprehended on cocaine allegations. The serious allegation called for Ola Lindholm to defend himself against the allegations. His only public response was a blog-post where he claimed his innocence, albeit with some reservations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Lindholm’s rhetorical defense. By applying Benoit’s theory of image restoration, the stasis theory and the rhetorical situation my goal is to find what strategies Lindholm’s defense consists of. The analyses showed that Lindholm used four different kinds of image restoration strategies. The most salient strategies consisted of bolstering and attacking the accuser. By applying a proposition analysis it was possible to find textual themes used to either undermine the tabloid Expressen's credibility or to mitigate his own actions. The results also point out that ethos and image restoration strategies are closely intertwined.
38
Cook, Roger. « Ethics at work : the discourse of business ethics : an investigation into ethical discourse in UK higher education and organisational contexts ». Thesis, University of West London, 2014. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1102/.
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This thesis aims to make an original contribution to the development of effective ethical discourse at work through the development of a conceptual model which reframes existent philosophical ideas and moral perspectives. Its intention is both to facilitate better personal understanding, and to enable improved moral communication between individuals, workforce communities and organisations. This is needed because the impacts of the banking crisis, and continued incidences of corporate wrongdoing are exposing the weaknesses in managerial capitalism, and provide evidence that the rhetoric of business values is sometimes at odds with reality. Contemporary organisations are also increasingly being required to explain and defend the values which shape their business conduct, an irreversible trend driven by factors such as the growth of the social media, increasing private ownership of wealth, shareholder activism, and stakeholder empowerment. The thesis presents a framework for ethical analysis and discourse. The research takes the form of transdisciplinary enquiry. Applying a critical realist perspective, relevant bodies of literature are reviewed, leading to the creation of a proposed analytical framework and an associated process model. It is proposed that together these comprise the tools to help the development of the ethical manager. Using a case study approach, the framework is first trialled among postgraduate professional MBA students. Based on initial research findings, a developed framework is then adapted and field-tested for relevance to practising managers in diverse organisational contexts, and potential further uses and applications considered. Concept testing demonstrates that a flexible managerial model of ethical analysis the thesis [proposes] is successfully developed for use by business practitioners, consultants and business ethicists. Management as a discipline is pragmatic in nature, drawing in an eclectic manner on differing academic disciplines, and the proposed model is similarly derived from a transdisciplinary approach to business ethics which seeks to gain insights from diverse disciplines, drawing from both moral philosophy and developmental psychology to create an original PREP framework and associated process model.
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Bilginer, Onur. « Control And Manipulation Of Life : A Critical Assessment Of Genetics Through The Perspectives Of Hans Jonas, Martin Heidegger And Michel Foucault ». Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607453/index.pdf.
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This study is on the political and ethical aspects of recent advances in genetics. Its aim is to explicate the scientific and technological premises of genetics along historical, philosophical and political axes by employing the critical perspectives of Jonas, Heidegger and Foucault. Starting the discussion from a brief account of scientific and technological revolutions initiated in the 16th and 17th centuries, I defend the thesis that the idea of control and manipulation of life is not a novelty introduced by genetics, but a historical orientation underlying modern man&rsquos metaphysical reasoning. That is to say, &lsquo
the idea of control and manipulation of life&rsquo
is not an unintended technological excess of genetic practices, and hence a transgression of our moral principles. Rather, this endeavour is a scientific and technological &lsquo
project&rsquo
which has been at the very core of modern man&rsquo
s rational political agenda. Therefore, any attempts to understand genetics from a naï
ve Baconian utilitarianism and optimism fails to grasp its complicated political nature. For the ethical concerns to become more comprehensive, three genetic cases (prenatal screening tests, cloning, and genetic engineering) are examined in the light of the philosophical reflections of Jonas and Heidegger. Besides, following Foucault&rsquo
s critical assessments of medicine and bio-power, a &lsquo
fourth spatialization of disease&rsquo
is proposed at the end of the study in order to evaluate the transformations with the introduction of genetics into medicine. Consequently, it is argued that geneticized medicine might sign a new regime of bio-power &ndash
a reconfiguration of knowledge, power and subjectivity.
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Pravica, Tamara Eileen. « Communicative ethics, developing a practical procedure of discourse ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ46184.pdf.
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Chung, So-Woo. « Cataphora in discourse representation theory / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8424.
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Cormack, Sophia Harriet. « Focus and discourse representation theory ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19646.
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The thesis puts forward a psychologically plausible and computationally explicit theory of pronoun resolution, concentrating on semantic and focusing effects and their interaction. Hans Kamp's (1981) Discourse Representation Theory (DRT) was the first of a series of recent formal semantic theories able to describe semantic accessibility conditions on anaphora occurring outside the logical scope of a quantifier. Kamp's original aim was to capture the truth conditions and anaphoric constraints in so-called 'donkey sentences'. DRT also opened up the possibilities of inter-sentential anaphoric connections. Kamp claimed psychological plausibility for DRT. However, in allowing intersentential anaphora DRT permits too many possible anaphoric connections - for instance a discourse containing no triggers for semantic embedding results in a model where every noun phrase is accessible to every anaphor: (1) I picked up some meringues with the tongs. They were mildly singed but I put them on a plate and gave them to Lisa. They were still very hot. (*tongs) In text (1), DRT allows the final they to access the tongs, which I claim is psychologically implausible for two reasons: firstly because the preferred antecedent for they is the much more salient focused nominal the meringues. Since this choice is also contextually plausible it would block out any less preferred candidates for resolution. Secondly, I argue that the discourse referent for the tongs is in fact no longer available for reference: it has passed from the hearer's memory of the entities being discussed and is only retrievable using a full definite noun phrase.
43
Pandya, Rupen P. « Critique, ethics and discourse in an age of unreason ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ45338.pdf.
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Collins, Michael Patrick. « The development of a discourse of ethics in education ». Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4663/.
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Ed D Thesis: The Development of a Discourse of Ethics in Education This thesis, although drawing upon many different sources, chiefly draws its key, illuminating idea from the work of four people, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Karl Popper, Richard Rorty and Don Cupitt, all of whom exemplified, in one way or another, the view that in order to extend one's understanding it is first necessary to extend one’s language. In other words, this thesis subscribes to the view that 'the limits of my language are the limits of my world' (Wittgenstein, 1993:56). Thus the task of this enquiry is to represent, by synthesis and extension, the kinds of language activity potentially capable of characterising a modern moral discourse. in the first instance, then, the thesis offers a commentary on the contemporary debate over the role of morality in education. The research is confined to a UK context and it draws its primary theoretical data from five different subject areas: Education, Psychology, Sociology, Theology and Philosophy. A secondary source of theoretical data is derived from an analysis of recent public documents from a range of organisations including the Schools Curriculum and Assessment Authority (SCAA).Second, the thesis thereafter offers a theoretically derived model of four distinctive value positions: Religion, Humanism, Utilitarianism and Kantianism. It is claimed that this provisional template is typical and largely representative of the mainstream data from above. Third, it is further claimed that these four value positions are representative of a common morality which can best be characterised as particular manifestations of language embedded in activity; or, to put it another way, as particular forms of language games: in this case games which perform the function of enabling value judgements to become enacted. Finally, a frame of reference for a common morality flows from the analysis composed of three constituent parts: (a) an objective element designated as A Four Quadrants model and based on the above four value positions; (b) a subjective element designated as A Syntax of Four Voices to reflect the belief that to be moral is also to be subjective (reflection and deliberation are seen here as bedrock metaphysical properties); (o) a synthesis element designated as Six Moral Precepts which emerge from the exploration and yield a codification of moral maxims which cohere as such to be representative of a common morality.
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Agiro, Christa Preston. « A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of Teacher Editions of Secondary American Literature Textbooks Adopted for Use in Christian and Public Schools ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1251483565.
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Cook, Guy William Davidson. « A theory of discourse deviation : the application of schema theory to the analysis of literary discourse ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12996/.
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Schema theory suggests that people understand texts and experiences by comparing them with stereotypical mental representations of similar cases. This thesis examines the relevance of this theory (as developed in some Artificial Intelligence (AI) work of the 1970s and 1980s) to literary theory and the analysis of literary texts. The general theoretical framework is that of discourse analysis. In this approach, the usefulness of schema theory is already widely acknowledged for the contribution it can make to an explanation of 'coherence': the quality of meaningfulness and unity perceived in discourse. Building upon this framework, relevant AI work on text processing is discussed, evaluated, and applied to literary and non-literary discourse. The argument then moves on to literary theory, and in particular to the 'scientific' tradition of formalism, structuralism and Jakobsonian stylistics. The central concept of this tradition is 'defamiliarization': the refreshing of experience through deviation from expectation. In structuralism, attention has been concentrated on text structure, and in Jakobsonian stylistics on language. It is argued that whereas AI work on text pays little attention to linguistic and textual form, seeking to 'translate' texts into a neutral representation of 'content', the literary theories referred to above have erred in the opposite direction, and concentrated exclusively on form. Through contrastive analyses of literary and non-literary discourse, it is suggested that neither approach is capable of accounting for •literariness* on its own. The two approaches are, however, complementary, and each would benefit from the insights of the other. Human beings need to change and refresh their schematic representations of the world, texts and language. It is suggested that such changes to schemata are effected through linguistic and textual deviation from expectation, but that deviations at these levels are no guarantee of change (as is often the case in advertisements). Discourses which do. effect changes through text and language are described as displaying 'discourse deviation*. Their primary function and value may be this effect. Discourse categorized as 'literary' is frequently of this type. Discourse deviation is best described by a combination of the methods of A1 text analysis with formalist, structuralist and Jakobsonian literary theories. In illustration of these proposals, the thesis concludes with analyses of three well-known literary texts.
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Piggford, George. « Tainted love, AIDS, theory, ethics, elegy ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53286.pdf.
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Fallis, Don. « Epistemic Value Theory and Information Ethics ». Springer, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105254.
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Three of the major issues in information ethics—intellectual property, speech regulation, and privacy—concern the morality of restricting people’s access to certain information. Consequently, policies in these areas have a significant impact on the amount and types of knowledge that people acquire. As a result, epistemic considerations are critical to the ethics of information policy decisions (cf. Mill 1978 [1859]). The fact that information ethics is a part of the philosophy of information highlights this important connection with epistemology. In this paper, I illustrate how a value-theoretic approach to epistemology can help to clarify these major issues in information ethics. However, I also identify several open questions about epistemic values that need to be answered before we will be able to evaluate the epistemic consequences of many information policies.
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Smithwick, Neal A. « Code theory and changing pedagogic discourse ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58890.pdf.
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German, Helen. « Discourse in Eugene Nida's translation theory ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6926.
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The fields of discourse and translation are by no means new areas of study. However, it is only in recent years that discourse analysis has been applied directly to translation. The primary objective of this thesis is to show that discourse is now a key concept in Eugene A. Nida's translation theory by outlining the evolution of Nida's translation theory in general. Our secondary objectives include showing the influences of discourse-based linguistics on his writings, and highlighting the similarities and differences between Nida's writing on discourse and a number of other scholars' discourse-based translation theories. This thesis is divided into five main sections. The first section, discourse typology, presents the various text types as identified by Nida. The second section, rhetorical structure, analyzes discourse on the macrolevel, while the third section, rhetorical features, analyzes the study of discourse on the microlevel. The fourth section deals with rhetorical functions, that is, the effectiveness of the discourse or how it creates impact and appeal. And the fifth and final section is an application chapter where we analyze and translate a text according to Nida's discourse theory. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)