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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Timing detectors »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 11 janvier 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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Tan, Yuhang, Tao Yang, Kai Liu, et al. "Timing Performance Simulation for 3D 4H-SiC Detector." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010046.

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To meet the high radiation challenge for detectors in future high-energy physics, a novel 3D 4H-SiC detector was investigated. Three-dimensional 4H-SiC detectors could potentially operate in a harsh radiation and room-temperature environment because of its high thermal conductivity and high atomic displacement threshold energy. Its 3D structure, which decouples the thickness and the distance between electrodes, further improves the timing performance and the radiation hardness of the detector. We developed a simulation software—RASER (RAdiation SEmiconductoR)—to simulate the time resolution of planar and 3D 4H-SiC detectors with different parameters and structures, and the reliability of the software was verified by comparing the simulated and measured time-resolution results of the same detector. The rough time resolution of the 3D 4H-SiC detector was estimated, and the simulation parameters could be used as guideline to 3D 4H-SiC detector design and optimization.
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Duranti, Matteo, Valerio Vagelli, Giovanni Ambrosi, et al. "Advantages and Requirements in Time Resolving Tracking for Astroparticle Experiments in Space." Instruments 5, no. 2 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments5020020.

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A large-area, solid-state detector with single-hit precision timing measurement will enable several breakthrough experimental advances for the direct measurement of particles in space. Silicon microstrip detectors are the most promising candidate technology to instrument the large areas of the next-generation astroparticle space borne detectors that could meet the limitations on power consumption required by operations in space. We overview the novel experimental opportunities that could be enabled by the introduction of the timing measurement, concurrent with the accurate spatial and charge measurement, in Silicon microstrip tracking detectors, and we discuss the technological solutions and their readiness to enable the operations of large-area Silicon microstrip timing detectors in space.
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Lisowska, M., Y. Angelis, S. Aune, et al. "Towards robust PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): C07018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07018.

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Abstract The PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) detector is a precise timing gaseous detector consisting of a Cherenkov radiator combined with a photocathode and a MM amplifying structure. A 100-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with 10 × 10 cm2 active area equipped with a Cesium Iodide (CsI) photocathode demonstrated a time resolution below σ = 18 ps. The objective of this work is to improve the PICOSEC MM detector robustness aspects, i.e. integration of resistive MM and carbon-based photocathodes, while maintaining good time resolution. The PICOSEC MM prototypes have been tested in laboratory conditions and successfully characterised with 150 GeV/c muon beams at the CERN SPS H4 beam line. The excellent timing performance below σ = 20 ps for an individual pad obtained with the 10 × 10 cm2 area resistive PICOSEC MM of 20 MΩ/□ showed no significant time resolution degradation as a result of adding a resistive layer. A single-pad prototype equipped with a 12 nm thick Boron Carbide (B4C) photocathode presented a time resolution below σ = 35 ps, opening up new possibilities for detectors with robust photocathodes. The results made the concept more suitable for the experiments in need of robust detectors with good time resolution.
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Sun, M. D., C. H. Zhang, and B. Q. Zhao. "Coincidence time resolution measurements for dual-ended readout PET detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): P07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07003.

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Abstract Coincidence time resolution (CTR) is an important performance parameter of clinical positron emission tomography (PET) detectors, which is dependent on the parameters of the scintillation crystal, the timing measurement methods, and the electronics. In this work, CTRs of PET detectors using dual-ended readout of segmented LYSO arrays were measured with different timing measurement methods. The detector modules were composed of LYSO arrays of 8 × 8 with a crystal size of 3.10 × 3.10 × 20 mm3 or 13 × 13 with a crystals size of 1.88 × 1.88 × 20 mm3, coupled at each end to an 8 × 8 Hamamatsu SiPM array (S13361-3050NE-08) with pixel active area of 3.00 × 3.00 mm2 and pitch of 3.20 mm. The signals of the SiPM arrays were individually read out and processed by using the TOFPET2 ASICs. The CTRs of the detectors were measured after the timing alignment of the ASICs was performed. Timing measurement methods of the dual-ended readout detector such as the average time of the two SiPMs, the faster time of the two SiPMs, the time of the back SiPM, and the time of the front SiPM were compared. The average time of the two SiPMs provides the best CTR, which is explained by a simple model about the timing measurement methods of a dual-ended readout detector. The detector with one-to-one crystal-to-SiPM coupling provides better CTR than the detector with a crystal size smaller than the pixel size of the SiPM. The best CTR of 367 ± 6 ps was obtained by using the 8 × 8 LYSO array with unpolished lateral crystal surfaces and ESR reflectors. The CTR of the dual-ended readout detector can be improved if a DOI-dependent timing correction is used.
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Ge, Zhuang. "Overview of High-Performance Timing and Position-Sensitive MCP Detectors Utilizing Secondary Electron Emission for Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei at Nuclear Physics Facilities." Sensors 24, no. 22 (2024): 7261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24227261.

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Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass measurements of exotic nuclei at nuclear physics facilities, along with their applications in new measurement schemes. The design, principles, performance, and applications of these detectors with different arrangements of electromagnetic fields are summarized. To achieve high precision and accuracy in mass measurements of exotic nuclei using time-of-flight (TOF) and/or position (imaging) measurement methods, such as high-resolution beam-line magnetic-rigidity time-of-flight (Bρ-TOF) and in-ring isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS), foil-MCP detectors with high position and timing resolution have been introduced and simulated. Beyond TOF mass measurements, these new detector systems are also described for use in heavy ion beam trajectory monitoring and momentum measurements for both beam-line and in-ring applications. Additionally, the use of position-sensitive timing foil-MCP detectors for Penning trap mass spectrometers and multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometers is proposed and discussed to improve efficiency and enhance precision.
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Ferrero, V., J. Werner, M. Aglietta, et al. "The MERLINO project:characterization of LaBr3:Ce detectors for stopping power monitoring in proton therapy." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (2022): C11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/c11013.

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Abstract The MERLINO project is developing a multi-detector setup with the goal of evaluating the beam stopping power from Prompt-Gamma-Timing measurements in proton therapy. The detectors are based on the cerium-doped lanthanum bromide crystal, LaBr3:Ce, coupled to photo-multiplier tubes. The system characterization is ongoing and the first calibration measurements with two detectors showed 124 ps σ and σ E/E = 3% for the timing and energy resolution, respectively. The measured experimental parameters were then used to carry out a preliminary estimation of the stopping power. Results from the simulation of a 189 MeV proton beam impinging on an homogeneous phantom are presented for the optimisation of the MERLINO detector setup.
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Hart, S., P. Jones, L. Pellegri, and S. Peterson. "A hybrid CZT-LaBr3:Ce Compton camera system for improving proton therapy imaging." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, no. 1 (2023): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012130.

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Abstract This work aims to combine the Polaris-J cadmium zinc telluride semi-conductor detector with a LaBr3:Ce scintillation detector as a hybrid Compton camera that can produce high-quality prompt γ ray images. The LaBr3:Ce detectors (Saint-Gobain Crystals) have outstanding timing resolution (< 350 ps), great energy resolution (< 2.5 % at 1332 keV), and a higher maximum energy range. The goal is to use the strengths of the LaBr3:Ce detectors to offset some of the limitations of the Polaris-J detector.
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Taylor, Gregor G., Ewan N. MacKenzie, Boris Korzh, et al. "Mid-infrared timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 21 (2022): 214001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128129.

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Detector timing jitter is a key parameter in advanced photon counting applications. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer the fastest timing jitter in the visible to telecom wavelength range and have demonstrated single-photon sensitivity in the mid-infrared spectral region. Here, we report on timing jitter in a NbTiN nanowire device from 1.56 to 3.5 μm wavelength, achieving a FWHM jitter from 13.2 to 30.3 ps. This study has implications for emerging time-correlated single-photon counting applications in the mid-infrared spectral region.
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Manthos, I., K. Kordas, I. Maniatis, M. Tsopoulou, and S. E. Tzamarias. "Signal processing techniques for precise timing with novel gaseous detectors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2105, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2105/1/012015.

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Abstract The experimental requirements in current and near-future accelerators and experiments have stimulated intense interest in R&D of detectors with high precision timing capabilities, resulting in novel instrumentation. During the R&D phase, the timing information is usually extracted from the signal using the full waveform collected with fast oscilloscopes; this method produces a large amount of data and it becomes impractical when the detector has many channels. Towards practical applications, the data acquisition should be undertaken by dedicated front-end electronic units. The selected technology should retain the signal timing characteristics and consequently the timing resolution on the particle’s arrival time. We investigate the adequacy of the Leading-edge discrimination timing technique to achieve timing with a precision in the order of tens of picosecond with novel gaseous detectors. The method under investigation introduces a “time-walk” which impinges on the timing resolution. We mitigate the effect of time-walk using three different approaches; the first based on multiple Time-over-Threshold, the second based on multiple Charge-over-Threshold information and the third uses artificial Neural Network techniques. The results of this study prove the feasibility of the methods and their ability to achieve a timing resolution comparable to that obtained using the full waveforms.
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Tully, Christopher G. "Fast timing for collider detectors." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (2016): 1644022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1644022x.

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Advancements in fast timing particle detectors have opened up new possibilities to design [Formula: see text] collider detectors that fully reconstruct and separate event vertices and individual particles in the time domain. The applications of these techniques are considered for the physics at CEPC.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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Carulla, Areste Maria del Mar. "Thin LG AD timing detectors for the ATLAS experiment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667283.

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El gran col· lisionador de hadrons (LHC), el qual te un circumferencia de 27 quilometres, és l'accelerador de partícules més gran i potent del món. El LHC esta dissenyat per fer col· lisionar protons a 14 TeV en el seu centre de massa, aconseguint una lluminositat de 1024 cm-2 s-1, quan 2808 paquets amb 1011 protons cada un, circulen per l'accelerador. Els paquets estan espaiats per 25 ns, que corresponen a una freqüencia de col · lisió de 40 MHz en cada un dels quatre punts d'interacció. Actualment, la principal prioritat de la estrategia europea per la física de partícules consisteix la explotació del LHC al seu maxim potencial. Es per aquest motiu que una actualització del LHC va ser planejada per tal d'assolir una nova fase d'intensa lluminositat del LHC (HL­ LHC). Aquesta nova fase del LHC (HL-LHC) necessitara una actualització tant de la maquina com dels detectors per tal que en 2030 es col · lecti deu vegades més dades que en el disseny inicial. El principals reptes que hauran de combatre els detectors per aquesta nova fase d'intensa lluminositat seran l'increment de l'ocupació, del pile-up, del ritme de dades i la resistencia a la radiació dels detectors. L'increment en l'ocupació sera mitigat utilitzant detectors amb major granularitat. Per altra banda detectors amb una resolució temporal de 30 ps seran utilitzats per recluir el pile-up. L'objectiu de la present tesis es el disseny, desenvolupament i estudi de detectors de silici amb una elevada granularitat i amb una resolució temporal de 30 ps, els quals compleixen amb les especificacions necessaries per l'actualització del experiment ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus). La col· laboració RD50, la qual investiga en l'estudi de detectors resistents a la radiació, ha proposat els detectors de allau amb baix guany (LGAD) com a detectors per a timing en les Endcap Timing Layers (ETL). En aquesta tesis tres estrategies diferents s'han dut a terme per tal de complir amb les especificacions de granularitat, resolució temporal i resistencia a la radiació de la ETL. La primera estrategia ha consistit en la reducción del gruix dels LGAD per tal de recluir el temps de col · lecció, el temps de pujada i la contribució del intrínsec Landau noise en la resolució temporal. La segona estrategia duta a terme ha estat la minimització de la capacitat per tal de recluir el soroll i la contribució del jitter en la resolució temporal, desenvolupant detectors LGAD pixelats i en strips. Finalment, l'última estrategia s'ha focalitzat en l'ús de diferents impureses per tal de recluir efectes de la radiació derivats de l'ús del bor coma impuresa dopant. La estructura d'aquesta tesis es la següent: en el capítol 2 s'introdueixen el experiments d'altes energies on els detectors seran col · locats, les especificacions que han de complir els detectors en la nova fase d'intensa lluminositat, el funcionament dels detectors, la determinació de la resolució temporal, els efectes de la radiació en els detectors i un resum dels detectors utilitzats actualment per realitzar mesures de timing; en el capítol 3 es presenta les simulacions tecnologiques i experimentals dels detectors dissenyats; en el capítol 4 es resumeix els processos tecnológics realitzats en la fabricació dels detectors; el capítol 5 presenta els resultats cxpcrirncntals dcls dispositius fabricats aba.ns i dcsprós de irradiar-los: el capítol 6 sintctitza la simulació, producció i resultats dels inverse Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (i-LGAD), i el capítol 7 presenta les conclusions i treball fntur dels detectors fabricats.<br>The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with its 27 kilometer in circumference is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator. The LHC was designed to collide protons at 14 TeV energy at the center-of-mass. The design luminosity is 1034 cm2 s-1, which is achieved with 2808 circulating bunches, each with - 1011 protons. Bunches are spaced by 25ns, corresponding to a collision rate of 40 MHz at each of the four interaction points. The main priority of the European Strategy for P article Physics is the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC. An upgrade of the LHC to the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) was planned for this purpose. The HL-LHC will require an upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. The major challenges for the high-luminosity phase are the occupancy, pile-up, high data rates, and radiation tolerance of the detectors. The increase in occupancy will be mitigated using higher granularity. Fast timing detectors with time resolution in the range of 30 ps will be used to reduce pile-up. Fur thermore , precision timing will provide additional physics capabilities. The purpose of the present thesis is the design, development and study of silicon detectors with high granularity and 30 ps time resolution suitable for the upgrade of the A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) experiment in the HL-LHC phase. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) have been proposed by RD50 collaboration as timing detectors for the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of ATLAS experiment. Three different strategies have been studied in order to fulfil with the high granularity, time resolution and radiation hardness specifications of devices for the ET L. The first strategy has consisted in detectors thickness reduction to decrease its collection time, rise time and intrinsic Landau noise. The second strategy has been the minimization of the capacitance developing strips and pixels with gain. Finally, the last strategy has lied in the use of other dopants to reduce radiation effects as boron removal. The structure of the thesis is as follows: chapter 2 introduces the major issues in the LHC upgrade, the CERN experiments, the required specifications of particle detectors for the HL­ LHC phase, their working principles, the measurement of time resolution, the microscopic and macroscopic radiation effects, and the state of the art in timing detectors; chapter 3 presents the technological and electrical simulation of the designed devices after the calibration of the technological simulation with the process characterization; chapter 4 gives an outline of the different device processes; chapter 5 presents the obtained results of unirradiated and irradiated devices; chapter 6 condenses the simulation, production and results of inverse Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (i-LGAD), and chapter 7 reports the conclusions and future work of the measured devices.
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Najafi, Faraz. "Timing performance of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97816.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-89).<br>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are becoming increasingly popular for applications in quantum information and long-distance communication. While the detection efficiency of SNSPDs has significantly improved over time, their timing performance has largely remained unchanged. Furthermore, the photodetection process in superconducting nanowires is still not fully understood and subject to ongoing research. In this thesis, I will present a systematic study of the timing performance of different types of nanowire single-photon detectors. I will analyze the photodetection delay histogram (also called instrument response function IRF) of these detectors as a function of bias current, nanowire width and wavelength. The study of the IRF yielded several unexpected results, among them a wavelength-dependent exponential tail of the IRF and a discrepancy between experimental photodetection delay results and the predicted value based on the electrothermal model. These results reveal some shortcomings of the basic models used for SNSPDs, and may include a signature of the initial process by which photons are detected in superconducting nanowires. I will conclude this thesis by presenting a brief introduction into vortices, which have recently become a popular starting point for photodetection models for SNSPDs. Building on prior work, I will show that a simple image method can be used to calculate the current flow in presence of a vortex, and discuss possible implications of recent vortex-based models for timing jitter.<br>by Faraz Najafi.<br>S.M.
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Sjöström, Fredrik. "Auto-triggering studies of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the ATLAS High-Granularity Timing Detector." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253905.

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Lacasa, Calvo Luis. "Investigation of Variety of Non-CoherentFront end Detectors For Timing Estimation." Thesis, KTH, Signalbehandling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-138045.

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The indoor localization of mobile users is currently a central issue for many applications and fields, including sensor networks, asset management, healthcare, ambient-assisted living, and public safety personnel localization. Existing solutions often rely on the fusion of information from multiple sensors. The potential of using an ultra wideband (UWB) system for wireless distance measurement based on the round-trip time (RTT) has been investigated in this thesis. Non-coherent UWB receivers have been analyzed using two different approaches: amplitude detection and energy detection. Both non-coherent UWB receivers front ends have been designed and implemented. Simulations of the measurement performance are also provided. Furthermore, a method has been proposed using undersampling over a burst of UWB pulses to reconstruct the original pulse and try to approximate the optimal performance of the ideal UWB receiver. The simulations yield interesting results regarding the performance of the RTT estimation. Both detection techniques are compared, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each one.
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Strazzi, Sofia. "Study of first thin LGAD prototypes for the ALICE 3 timing layers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24382/.

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The work here presented concerns the characterization and the performance study of very thin Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) prototypes; the goal is to evaluate if such a sensor is suitable for the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) system of the ALICE 3 experiment, a next generation heavy-ion experiment (LHC Run 5). A total of 18 sensors with a thickness of 25 μm and 35 μm were characterized; both single channel and matrices, with different inter-pad design and doping profile were compared to two 50 μm-prototypes. Preliminary tests with a laser setup allowed to evaluate the light-sensitive areas in terms of efficiency, uniformity of the response and edge effects. Finally, timing performances were analyzed. Promising results were found for the 25 μm-thick sensors, which showed a time resolution better than 16 ps for a gain 20 and reaching nearly 13 ps for a gain 30.
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Sidorova, Mariia. "Timing Jitter and Electron-Phonon Interaction in Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (SNSPDs)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22296.

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Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der experimentellen Studie zweier miteinander verbundener Phänomene: Dem intrinsischen Timing-Jitter in einem supraleitendenden Nanodraht-Einzelphotonen-Detektor (SNSPD) und der Relaxation der Elektronenenergie in supraleitenden Filmen. Supraleitende Nanodrähte auf einem dielektrischen Substrat als mikroskopische Grundbausteine jeglicher SNSPDs stellen sowohl für theoretische als auch für experimentelle Studien komplexe Objekte dar. Die Komplexität ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, dass SNSPDs in der Praxis stark ungeordnete und ultradünne supraleitende Filme verwenden, die eine akustische Fehlanpassung zu dem zugrundeliegenden Substrat aufweisen und einen Nichtgleichgewichts-Zustand implizieren. Die Arbeit untersucht die Komplexität des am weitesten in der SNSPD Technologie verbreiteten Materials, Niobnitrid (NbN), indem verschiedene experimentelle Methoden angewandt werden. Als eine mögliche Anwendung der SNSPD-Technologie wird ein Prototyp eines dispersiven Raman-Spektrometers mit Einzelphotonen-Sensitivität demonstriert.<br>This Ph.D. thesis is based on the experimental study of two mutually interconnected phenomena: intrinsic timing jitter in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and relaxation of the electron energy in superconducting films. Microscopically, a building element of any SNSPD device, a superconducting nanowire on top of a dielectric substrate, represents a complex object for both experimental and theoretical studies. The complexity arises because, in practice, the SNSPD utilizes strongly disordered and ultrathin superconducting films, which acoustically mismatch with the underlying substrate, and implies a non-equilibrium state. This thesis addresses the complexity of the most conventional superconducting material used in SNSPD technology, niobium nitride (NbN), by applying several distinct experimental techniques. As an emerging application of the SNSPD technology, we demonstrate a prototype of the dispersive Raman spectrometer with single-photon sensitivity.
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Feroci, M., E. Bozzo, S. Brandt, et al. "The LOFT mission concept: a status update." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622719.

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The Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT) is a mission concept which was proposed to ESA as M3 and M4 candidate in the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. Thanks to the unprecedented combination of effective area and spectral resolution of its main instrument and the uniquely large field of view of its wide field monitor, LOFT will be able to study the behaviour of matter in extreme conditions such as the strong gravitational field in the innermost regions close to black holes and neutron stars and the supra-nuclear densities in the interiors of neutron stars. The science payload is based on a Large Area Detector (LAD, > 8m(2) effective area, 2-30 keV, 240 eV spectral resolution, 1 degree collimated field of view) and a Wide Field Monitor (WFM, 2-50 keV, 4 steradian field of view, 1 arcmin source location accuracy, 300 eV spectral resolution). The WFM is equipped with an on-board system for bright events (e. g., GRB) localization. The trigger time and position of these events are broadcast to the ground within 30 s from discovery. In this paper we present the current technical and programmatic status of the mission.
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Johnson, Jeremy Ryan. "Fault propagation timing analysis to aid in the selection of sensors for health management systems." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri--Rolla i.e. [Missouri University of Science and Technology], 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Johnson_09007dcc804bcda7.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 19, 2008) Degree granted by Missouri University of Science and Technology, formerly known as University of Missouri--Rolla. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
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Hancock, Jason. "Evaluation of the timing characteristics of various PET detectors using a time alignment probe." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18467.

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Time alignment is performed on a conventional PET scanner in order to reduce the noise in the image from undesirable interactions, called randoms. In time of flight scanners this alignment is even more critical in order to place the position of an annihilation accurately. Traditionally, the alignment is an iterative process done by adjusting time offsets and recording the count rate until it is maximized. We have designed and built a positron detector that can be placed in the PET scanner. This enables each crystal in the scanner to be aligned to the same event (the positron detection), providing a constant reference to each crystal. This both increases the accuracy of the alignment and the speed in which it can be done.<br>L'alignement de temps est effectué sur un TEP conventionnelle pour réduire le bruit dans l'image causé par des interactions hasard. Dans les appareils utilisant le temps-de-vol, cet alignement est essentiel pour bien connaitre la position exacte de l'annihilation. Traditionnellement, l'alignement est un processus répétitif accompli en ajustant les décalés de temps et en enregistrant le taux de compte jusqu'il soit maximisé. Nous avons créé un détecteur de positron que nous pouvons placer l'intrieur du PET. Ceci nous permet d'aligner chaque cristal dans le scanner au même événement (la détection de positron), et de fournir une référence constante à chaque cristal. Ceci augmente la précision et la vitesse de l'alignement.
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Laso, Garcia Alejandro. "Timing Resistive Plate Chambers with Ceramic Electrodes." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163270.

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The focus of this thesis is the development of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with ceramic electrodes. The use of ceramic composites, Si3N4/SiC, opens the way for the application of RPCs in harsh radiation environments. Future Experiments like the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt will need new RPCs with high rate capabilities and high radiation tolerance. Ceramic composites are specially suited for this purpose due to their resistance to radiation and chemical contamination. The bulk resistivity of these ceramics is in the range 10^7 - 10^13 Ohm cm. The bulk resistivity of the electrodes is the main factor determining the rate capabilities of a RPC, therefore a specifific measuring station and a measurement protocol has been set for these measurements. The dependence of the bulk resistivity on the difffferent steps of the manufacturing process has been studied. Other electrical parameters like the relaxation time, the relative permittivity and the tangent loss have also been investigated. Simulation codes for the investigation of RPC functionality was developed using the gas detectors simulation framework GARFIELD++. The parameters of the two mixtures used in RPC operation have been extracted. Furthermore, theoretical predictions on time resolution and effi ciency have been calculated and compared with experimental results. Two ceramic materials have been used to assemble RPCs. Si3N4/SiC and Al2O3 with a thin (nm thick) chromium layer deposited over it. Several prototypes have been assembled with active areas of 5x 5 cm^2, 10x 10 cm^2 and 20 x20 cm^2. The number of gaps ranges from two to six. The gas gap widths were 250 micro meter and 300 micrometer. As separator material mylar foils, fifishing line and high-resistive ceramics have been used. Different detector architectures have been built and their effffect on RPC performance analysed. The RPCs developed at HZDR and ITEP (Moscow) were systematically tested in electron and proton beams and with cosmic radiation over the course of three years. The performance of the RPCs was extracted from the measured data. The main parameters like time resolution, effi ciency, rate capabilities, cluster size, detector currents and avalanche charge were obtained and compared with other RPC systems in the world. A comparison with phenomenological models was performed.
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Livres sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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Windischhofer, Philipp. Physics for Particle Detectors and Particle Detectors for Physics: Timing Performance of Semiconductor Detectors with Internal Gain and Constraints on High-Scale Interactions of the Higgs Boson. Springer, 2023.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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Bornheim, Adi, Jiajing Mao, Aashrita Mangu, et al. "Precision Timing Detectors with Cadmium Telluride Sensors." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1316-5_10.

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Lv, Hongkui, Huihai He, Xiangdong Sheng, and Jia Liu. "Timing Calibration of the LHAASO-KM2A Electromagnetic Particle Detectors Using Charged Particles Within the Extensive Air Showers." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1313-4_7.

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Tamulaitis, Gintautas. "Fast Optical Phenomena in Self-Activated and Ce-Doped Materials Prospective for Fast Timing in Radiation Detectors." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68465-9_2.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Addressing the Increased Demand for Fast Timing." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_3.

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Gaur, Ankit, Aman Phogat, Moh Rafik, Ashok Kumar, and Md Naimuddin. "Timing and Induced Charge Profile of Large Size RPC Detector for INO-ICAL Experiment." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_85.

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Du, Yuanjie. "Physical Analysis on Pulsar-Based Navigation System: Preliminary Designs of Timing Model and a New Prototype of X-Ray Detector." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46632-2_49.

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Kolanoski, Hermann, and Norbert Wermes. "Semiconductor detectors." In Particle Detectors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858362.003.0008.

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Already since the early 1960s semiconductor detectors have been employed in nuclear physics, in particular for gamma ray energy measurement. This chapter concentrates on position sensitive semiconductor detectors which have been developed in particle physics since the 1980s and which feature position resolutions in the range of 50–100 μ‎m by structuring the electrodes, thus reaching the best position resolutions of electronic detectors. For the first time this made the electronic measurement of secondary vertices and therewith the lifetime of heavy fermions possible. The chapter first conveys the basics of semiconductor physics, of semiconductor and metal-semiconductor junctions used in electronics and detector applications as well as particle detection with semiconductor detectors. It follows the description of different detector types, like strip and pixel detectors, silicon drift chambers and charged-coupled devices. New developments are addressed in the sections on ‘Monolithic pixel detectors’ and on ‘Precision timing with silicon detectors’. In the last sections detector deterioration by radiation damage is described and an overview of other semiconductor detector materials but silicon is given.
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"Timing Measurements." In Signal Processing for Radiation Detectors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119410225.ch6.

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Tully, Christopher G. "Fast Timing for Collider Detectors." In The Future of High Energy Physics — Some Aspects. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813220089_0022.

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Verma, Anshul, Mahatim Singh, and Kiran Kumar Pattanaik. "Failure Detectors of Strong S and Perfect P Classes for Time Synchronous Hierarchical Distributed Systems." In Applying Integration Techniques and Methods in Distributed Systems and Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8295-3.ch010.

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Present failure detection algorithms for distributed systems are designed to work in asynchronous or partially synchronous environments on mesh (all-to-all) connected systems and maintain status of every other process. Several real-time systems are hierarchically connected and require working in strict synchronous environments. Use of existing failure detectors for such systems would generate excess computation and communication overhead. The chapter describes two suspicion-based failure detectors of Strong S and Perfect P classes for hierarchical distributed systems working in time synchronous environments. The algorithm of Strong S class is capable of detecting permanent crash failures, omission failures, link failures, and timing failures. Strong completeness and weak accuracy properties of the algorithm are evaluated. The failure detector of Perfect P class is capable of detecting crash failures, crash-recovery failures, omission failures, link failures, and timing failures. Strong completeness and strong accuracy properties of the failure detector are evaluated.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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Brunbauer, F. M., Y. Angelis, S. Aune, et al. "Precise charged particle timing with robust PICOSEC Micromegas detectors." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10655354.

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Sauer, Gregor, Mirco Kolarczik, Oskar Kohout, Rodrigo Gomez, Johanna Conrad, and Fabian Steinlechner. "Improving and Benchmarking Photon-Number-Resolving Capabilities of Superconducting Nanowire Detectors." In Quantum 2.0. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/quantum.2024.qw3a.32.

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We show how ultra-high-resolution timing measurements of the rising and falling edges of electrical pulses generated from conventional superconducting nanowire detectors enable to distinguish photon numbers of up to 9 in a single-shot measurement.
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Royon, Christophe. "Fast timing detectors with applications in cosmic ray physics and medical science." In 42nd International Conference on High Energy Physics. Sissa Medialab, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.476.1210.

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Mauricio, J., F. Bandi, A. Paterno, et al. "FastIC+: An Analog Front-End including on-chip TDCs for fast timing detectors." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10657159.

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Lee, I., S. Lee, J. Jung, et al. "Improvement of Coincidence Timing Resolution of PET Detectors using Transformer-based Deep Learning." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10656996.

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Sonoyama, Tatsuki, Kazuma Takahashi, Takefumi Nomura, et al. "Multi-photon Fock state generation using a single-pixel ultrafast photon-number-resolving detector." In Quantum 2.0. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/quantum.2024.qm2a.3.

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Single-pixel superconducting nanostrip photon detectors (SNSPDs) have both low timing jitter of 50 ps and photon-number-resolving capability. We generate multi-photon Fock states with Wigner negativities using SNSPDs, establishing key technologies for sub-THz quantum information processing.
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Apresyan, Artur. "Solid State Detectors Dedicated to Fast Timing." In Solid State Detectors Dedicated to Fast Timing. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2204670.

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Inami, Kenji. "Timing properties of MCP-PMT." In International Workshop on new Photon-Detectors. Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.051.0020.

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Otero Ugobono, Sofia. "LGAD and 3D as timing detectors." In The 28th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Sissa Medialab, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.373.0035.

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O'Neill, KEVIN, Nikolai Pavlov, Sergei DOLINSKY, and Carl Jackson. "SensL New Fast Timing SPM - High-Speed Silicon Photomultiplier Signal Output for High-Performance Timing Applications." In International Workshop on New Photon-detectors. Sissa Medialab, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.158.0022.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Timing detectors"

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McDonald, Kirk T. Detectors with Fast Timing via Electron Multiplication in Silicon and Gases. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1582120.

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Lipton, Ronald. A Double Sided LGAD-Based Detector Providing Timing, Position, and Track Angle Information. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1841398.

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Emery, M. S., M. N. Ericson, and C. L. Jr Britton. Timing and control requirements for a 32-channel AMU-ADC ASIC for the PHENIX detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/570172.

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MicroBooNE. Demonstration of &lt;2 ns timing resolution for neutrino interaction in the MicroBooNE detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2397216.

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