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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Timing detectors »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Tan, Yuhang, Tao Yang, Kai Liu, et al. "Timing Performance Simulation for 3D 4H-SiC Detector." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010046.

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To meet the high radiation challenge for detectors in future high-energy physics, a novel 3D 4H-SiC detector was investigated. Three-dimensional 4H-SiC detectors could potentially operate in a harsh radiation and room-temperature environment because of its high thermal conductivity and high atomic displacement threshold energy. Its 3D structure, which decouples the thickness and the distance between electrodes, further improves the timing performance and the radiation hardness of the detector. We developed a simulation software—RASER (RAdiation SEmiconductoR)—to simulate the time resolution of

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Duranti, Matteo, Valerio Vagelli, Giovanni Ambrosi, et al. "Advantages and Requirements in Time Resolving Tracking for Astroparticle Experiments in Space." Instruments 5, no. 2 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments5020020.

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A large-area, solid-state detector with single-hit precision timing measurement will enable several breakthrough experimental advances for the direct measurement of particles in space. Silicon microstrip detectors are the most promising candidate technology to instrument the large areas of the next-generation astroparticle space borne detectors that could meet the limitations on power consumption required by operations in space. We overview the novel experimental opportunities that could be enabled by the introduction of the timing measurement, concurrent with the accurate spatial and charge m

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Lisowska, M., Y. Angelis, S. Aune, et al. "Towards robust PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): C07018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07018.

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Abstract The PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) detector is a precise timing gaseous detector consisting of a Cherenkov radiator combined with a photocathode and a MM amplifying structure. A 100-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with 10 × 10 cm2 active area equipped with a Cesium Iodide (CsI) photocathode demonstrated a time resolution below σ = 18 ps. The objective of this work is to improve the PICOSEC MM detector robustness aspects, i.e. integration of resistive MM and carbon-based photocathodes, while maintaining good time resolution. The PICOSEC MM prototypes have been tested in laboratory conditions and

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Sun, M. D., C. H. Zhang, and B. Q. Zhao. "Coincidence time resolution measurements for dual-ended readout PET detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): P07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07003.

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Abstract Coincidence time resolution (CTR) is an important performance parameter of clinical positron emission tomography (PET) detectors, which is dependent on the parameters of the scintillation crystal, the timing measurement methods, and the electronics. In this work, CTRs of PET detectors using dual-ended readout of segmented LYSO arrays were measured with different timing measurement methods. The detector modules were composed of LYSO arrays of 8 × 8 with a crystal size of 3.10 × 3.10 × 20 mm3 or 13 × 13 with a crystals size of 1.88 × 1.88 × 20 mm3, coupled at each end to an 8 × 8 Hamama

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Ostafin, T. "Improvement of the Timing Calibration in the CMS PPS Timing Detectors." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 18, no. 5 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.18.5-a26.

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The Precision Proton Spectrometer is a subdetector of the CMS experiment at the LHC used for detecting forward protons. It comprises tracking and timing detectors located around 220 meters from the CMS detector, along the LHC beam pipe, on both sides. Due to their challenging operating environment, they require frequent calibration. Procedures for performing these calibrations have already been developed in LHC Run 2 (2015–2018), but in Run 3 (2022–2026), the timing detector calibration algorithm has been shown not to perform ideally for most of the data-taking runs due to data anomalies and i

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Ge, Zhuang. "Overview of High-Performance Timing and Position-Sensitive MCP Detectors Utilizing Secondary Electron Emission for Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei at Nuclear Physics Facilities." Sensors 24, no. 22 (2024): 7261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24227261.

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Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass measurements of exotic nuclei at nuclear physics facilities, along with their applications in new measurement schemes. The design, principles, performance, and applications of these detectors with different arrangements of electromagnetic fields are summarized. To achieve

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Ferrero, V., J. Werner, M. Aglietta, et al. "The MERLINO project:characterization of LaBr₃:Ce detectors for stopping power monitoring in proton therapy." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (2022): C11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/c11013.

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Abstract The MERLINO project is developing a multi-detector setup with the goal of evaluating the beam stopping power from Prompt-Gamma-Timing measurements in proton therapy. The detectors are based on the cerium-doped lanthanum bromide crystal, LaBr3:Ce, coupled to photo-multiplier tubes. The system characterization is ongoing and the first calibration measurements with two detectors showed 124 ps σ and σ E/E = 3% for the timing and energy resolution, respectively. The measured experimental parameters were then used to carry out a preliminary estimation of the stopping power. Results from the

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Hart, S., P. Jones, L. Pellegri, and S. Peterson. "A hybrid CZT-LaBr₃:Ce Compton camera system for improving proton therapy imaging." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, no. 1 (2023): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012130.

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Abstract This work aims to combine the Polaris-J cadmium zinc telluride semi-conductor detector with a LaBr3:Ce scintillation detector as a hybrid Compton camera that can produce high-quality prompt γ ray images. The LaBr3:Ce detectors (Saint-Gobain Crystals) have outstanding timing resolution (< 350 ps), great energy resolution (< 2.5 % at 1332 keV), and a higher maximum energy range. The goal is to use the strengths of the LaBr3:Ce detectors to offset some of the limitations of the Polaris-J detector.

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Taylor, Gregor G., Ewan N. MacKenzie, Boris Korzh, et al. "Mid-infrared timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 21 (2022): 214001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128129.

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Detector timing jitter is a key parameter in advanced photon counting applications. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer the fastest timing jitter in the visible to telecom wavelength range and have demonstrated single-photon sensitivity in the mid-infrared spectral region. Here, we report on timing jitter in a NbTiN nanowire device from 1.56 to 3.5 μm wavelength, achieving a FWHM jitter from 13.2 to 30.3 ps. This study has implications for emerging time-correlated single-photon counting applications in the mid-infrared spectral region.

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Manthos, I., K. Kordas, I. Maniatis, M. Tsopoulou, and S. E. Tzamarias. "Signal processing techniques for precise timing with novel gaseous detectors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2105, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2105/1/012015.

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Abstract The experimental requirements in current and near-future accelerators and experiments have stimulated intense interest in R&D of detectors with high precision timing capabilities, resulting in novel instrumentation. During the R&D phase, the timing information is usually extracted from the signal using the full waveform collected with fast oscilloscopes; this method produces a large amount of data and it becomes impractical when the detector has many channels. Towards practical applications, the data acquisition should be undertaken by dedicated front-end electronic units. The

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Tully, Christopher G. "Fast timing for collider detectors." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (2016): 1644022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1644022x.

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Advancements in fast timing particle detectors have opened up new possibilities to design [Formula: see text] collider detectors that fully reconstruct and separate event vertices and individual particles in the time domain. The applications of these techniques are considered for the physics at CEPC.

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Staszewski, Rafał, and Janusz J. Chwastowski. "Timing detectors for forward physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 940 (October 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.090.

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Hitomi, Keitaro, Tsutomu Tada, Toshiyuki Onodera, et al. "Timing Performance of TlBr Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60, no. 4 (2013): 2883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2013.2268855.

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Klein, Ch, J. Trötscher, and H. Wollnik. "Fast timing position sensitive detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 335, no. 1-2 (1993): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90266-k.

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Baldazzi, G., D. Bollini, F. Casali, et al. "Timing response of CdTe detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 326, no. 1-2 (1993): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90372-o.

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Va’vra, J. "Picosecond timing detectors and applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1498 (April 2020): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1498/1/012013.

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Darby, F. B., O. Pakari, M. Y. Hua, et al. "Investigation of organic scintillators for neutron-gamma noise measurements in a zero power reactor." EPJ Web of Conferences 288 (2023): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328804015.

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Noise measurements in light water reactor systems aid in generating validation data for integral point kinetic parameter predictions and monitoring parameters for reactor safety and safeguards. The CROCUS zero-power reactor has been used to produce both data types to date, using thermal neutron detectors to observe neutron noise and inorganic scintillators to observe gamma noise. Also, the cross-correlation of gamma and neutron noise has been investigated at CROCUS with separate gamma and neutron detectors. Organic scintillators can be used to cross-correlate gamma and neutron noise with only

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18

Kim, Sungjoon, Manoj B. Jadhav, Vikas Berry, Jessica E. Metcalfe, and Anirudha V. Sumant. "Novel indium phosphide charged particle detector characterization with a 120 GeV proton beam." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 08 (2024): P08016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/08/p08016.

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Abstract Thin film detectors which incorporate semiconductor materials other than silicon have the potential to build upon their unique material properties and offer advantages such as faster response times, operation at room temperature, and radiation hardness. To explore the possibility, promising candidate materials were selected, and particle tracking detectors were fabricated. An indium phosphide detector with a metal-intrinsic-metal structure has been fabricated for particle tracking. The detector was tested using radioactive sources and a high energy proton beam at Fermi National Accele

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Pfäfflein, Philip, Günter Weber, Steffen Allgeier, et al. "Exploitation of the Timing Capabilities of Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters for a Coincidence Measurement Scheme." Atoms 11, no. 1 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11010005.

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In this report, we compare two filter algorithms for extracting timing information using novel metallic magnetic calorimeter detectors, applied to the precision X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged ions in a storage ring. Accurate timing information is crucial when exploiting coincidence conditions for background suppression to obtain clean spectra. For X-rays emitted by charge-changing interactions between ions and a target, this is a well-established technique when relying on conventional semiconductor detectors that offer a good temporal resolution. However, until recently, such a coinciden

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Radogna, Raffaella, Piet Verwilligen, and Marcello Maggi. "Simulation of a Fast Timing Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector for TOF-PET and future accelerators." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921402033.

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Simulation is a powerful tool for designing new detectors and guide the construction of new prototypes. Advances in photolithography and micro-electronics led to the development of a new family of devices named Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs) [1], with main features: flexible geometry; high rate capability (> MHz/cm2); excellent spatial resolution ( 100µ m); good time resolution (5-10 ns); and reduced radiation length. A new detector layout, named Fast Timing MPGD (FTM), has been recently proposed [2] that would combine both the high spatial resolution and high rate capability of the MP

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21

Paulus, T. J. "Timing Electronics and Fast Timing Methods with Scintillation Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 3 (1985): 1242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4337024.

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Xie, Siwei, Zhiliang Zhu, Xi Zhang, et al. "Optical Simulation and Experimental Assessment with Time–Walk Correction of TOF–PET Detectors with Multi-Ended Readouts." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144681.

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As a commonly used solution, the multi-ended readout can measure the depth-of-interaction (DOI) for positron emission tomography (PET) detectors. In the present study, the effects of the multi-ended readout design were investigated using the leading-edge discriminator (LED) triggers on the timing performance of time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors. At the very first, the photon transmission model of the four detectors, namely, single-ended readout, dual-ended readout, side dual-ended readout, and triple-ended readout, was established in Tracepro. The optical simulation revealed that the light ou

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23

Bonesini, Maurizio, Roberto Bertoni, Andrea Abba, Francesco Caponio, Marco Prata, and Massimo Rossella. "Improving the Time Resolution of Large-Area LaBr3:Ce Detectors with SiPM Array Readout." Condensed Matter 8, no. 4 (2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8040099.

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LaBr3:Ce crystals have good scintillation properties for X-ray spectroscopy. Initially, they were introduced for radiation imaging in medical physics with either a photomultiplier or SiPM readout, and they found extensive applications in homeland security and gamma-ray astronomy. We used 1″ round LaBr3:Ce crystals to realize compact detectors with the SiPM array readout. The aim was a good energy resolution and a fast time response to detect low-energy X-rays around 100 keV. A natural application was found inside the FAMU experiment, at RIKEN RAL. Its aim is a precise measurement of the proton

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Leisos, Antonios, Stavros Nonis, Apostolos Tsirigotis, et al. "Hybrid Detection of High Energy Showers in Urban Environments." Universe 5, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5010003.

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The Astroneu array comprises 9 large charged particle detectors and 3 RF antennas arranged in three autonomous stations operating at the University Campus of the Hellenic Open University in the city of Patras. Each station of the array detects extensive air showers with primary energy threshold of about 10 TeV, while double station coincidence events select showers with energies higher than 10 3 TeV. In such an environment, the radio detection of air showers is challenging. The RF signals besides being extremely weak they also suffer from strong human made electromagnetic noise. In this work,

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Bossini, Edoardo. "The Timing System of the TOTEM Experiment." Instruments 2, no. 4 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments2040021.

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The new proton timing stations of the Totem experiment are based on UltraFast Silicon Detectors installed in Roman Pots at 220 m from the interaction point 5 at LHC. The sensors have shown in beam test a timing resolution in the range 30–100 ps, depending on the pixel size. The readout is performed through a fast sampler chip: the SAMPIC. The best timing resolution can indeed be obtained only by recording the full waveform of the detector signal. The challenges to integrate the chip and the detector in the Totem-CMS DAQ and control systems will be discussed, together with the solutions adopted

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Costa, M. "Low gain avalanche detectors for precision timing in the CMS MTD endcap timing layer." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 06 (2024): C06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/c06010.

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Abstract The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is designed to provide precision timing information (with resolution of ∼40 ps per layer) for charged particles, with hermetic coverage up to a pseudo-rapidity of |η| = 3. This upgrade will reduce the effects of pile-up expected under the High-Luminosity LHC running conditions and brings new and unique capabilities to the CMS detector. The time information assigned to each track will enable the use of 4D reconstruction algorithms and will further discriminate in the time domain interaction vertices within the same bunch

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Cerdonio, M., V. Crivelli Visconti, A. Ortolan, et al. "Sub-Millisecond Absolute Timing: Toward an Actual Gravitational Observatory." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 30 (1997): 2261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397002326.

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In this letter we report the results we obtained experimentally demonstrating the feasibility of absolute timing of impulsive gravitational wave signals by means of a resonant bar detector. We reached a resolution of less than 20 μs for SNR ≥ 10. We also discuss the important prospects this result opens for the present and for the future, as a necessary condition for the implementation of a global network of gravitational wave detectors.

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Royon, Christophe, William d’Assignies D., Florian Gautier, Tommaso Isidori, Nicola Minafra, and Alexander Novikov. "Fast Timing Detectors and Applications in Cosmic Ray Physics and Medical Science." Instruments 7, no. 2 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments7020014.

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We use fast silicon detectors and the fast sampling method originally developed for high energy physics for two applications: cosmic ray measurements in collaboration with NASA and dose measurements during flash beam cancer treatment. The cosmic ray measurement will benefit from the fast sampling method to measure the Bragg peak where the particle stops in the silicon detector and the dose measurement is performed by counting the number of particles that enter the detector.

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El-Wahab, M. A., A. El-Arabi, and M. H. Battrawi. "Constant fraction timing with scintillation detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 36, no. 1 (1989): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.34472.

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Lipton, Ronald, and Jason Theiman. "Fast timing with induced current detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 945 (November 2019): 162423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162423.

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Amrami, R., G. Shani, Y. Hefetz, A. Pansky, and N. Wainer. "Timing performance of pixelated CdZnTe detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 458, no. 3 (2001): 772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00810-x.

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Rijken, H. A., S. S. Klein, W. Jacobs, L. J. H. G. W. Teeuwen, M. J. A. de Voigt, and P. Burger. "Subnanosecond timing with ion-implanted detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 64, no. 1-4 (1992): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(92)95479-b.

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Warren, Glen A., Sean C. Stave, and Erin A. Miller. "Detectors for Accelerator-Based Security Applications." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 08 (January 2015): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179362681530011x.

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We present a review of detector systems used in accelerator-based security applications. The applications discussed span stockpile stewardship, material interdiction, treaty verification, and spent nuclear fuel assay. The challenge for detectors in accelerator-based applications is the separation of the desired signal from the background, frequently during high input count rates. Typical techniques to address the background challenge include shielding, timing, selection of sensitive materials, and choice of accelerator.

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Manthos, I., S. Aune, J. Bortfeldt, et al. "Precise timing and recent advancements with segmented anode PICOSEC Micromegas prototypes." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (2022): C10009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/c10009.

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Abstract Timing information in current and future accelerator facilities is important for resolving objects (particle tracks, showers, etc.) in extreme large particles multiplicities on the detection systems. The PICOSEC Micromegas detector has demonstrated the ability to time 150 GeV muons with a sub-25 ps precision. Driven by detailed simulation studies and a phenomenological model which describes stochastically the dynamics of the signal formation, new PICOSEC designs were developed that significantly improve the timing performance of the detector. PICOSEC prototypes with reduced drift gap

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Pestotnik, R., G. Razdevšek, R. Dolenec, et al. "Simulation study of a 50 ps panel TOF PET imager." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 12 (2022): C12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/12/c12010.

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Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the most important diagnostic tools in medicine, providing three-dimensional imaging of functional processes in the body. The method is based on detecting two gamma rays originating from the point of annihilation of the positron emitted by a radio-labeled agent and used to follow the human’s physiological processes. In Time-Of-Flight PET, gamma rays’ arrival time is measured in addition to their position. The coincidence timing resolution (CTR) of state-of-the-art scanners is between 200 ps and 500 ps FWHM, which can significantly improve t

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LOSECCO, J. M. "NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS OF THE 1987 SUPERNOVA: A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far Away." International Journal of Modern Physics D 01, no. 01 (1992): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271892000045.

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A summary and comparison of neutrino observations of the 1987 supernova is presented. Attention is paid to comparing and contrasting the different observations and capabilities of the different detectors. Details of the timing, energy and angular distributions are discussed. Considerations for future detections are mentioned.

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Castillo García, Lucía, Evangelos Leonidas Gkougkousis, Chiara Grieco, and Sebastian Grinstein. "Characterization of Irradiated Boron, Carbon-Enriched and Gallium Si-on-Si Wafer Low Gain Avalanche Detectors." Instruments 6, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6010002.

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Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are n-on-p silicon sensors with an extra doped p-layer below the n-p junction which provides signal amplification. The moderate gain of these sensors, together with the relatively thin active region, provides excellent timing performance for Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs). To mitigate the effect of pile-up during the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) era, both ATLAS and CMS experiments will install new detectors, the High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and the End-Cap Timing Layer (ETL), that rely on the LGAD technology. A full character

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Montanari, A. "Scintillation imaging in GRAIN Liquid Argon detector of DUNE experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 05 (2025): C05008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/05/c05008.

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Abstract GRAIN (GRanular Argon for Interaction of Neutrinos) is a Liquid Argon detector which is part of the Near Detector complex of DUNE experiment. Most conventional noble liquid detectors employ scintillation light as either a timing signal for a TPC or as a calorimetric measurement, or both. The signal's relative amplitude and timing on multiple detectors can also be used to approximately locate an interaction. In GRAIN we go a step further, by using scintillation light to reconstruct images of tracks associated to charge particles in Liquid Argon volume. In fact, by developing a suitable

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Utrobicic, A., Y. Angelis, J. Bortfeldt, et al. "A large area 100-channel PICOSEC Micromegas detector with time resolution at the 20 ps level." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): C07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07012.

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Abstract The PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detector is based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled to a photocathode operating in a semi-transparent mode and a Micromegas amplification structure. The first proof of concept single-channel prototype was able to achieve a time resolution below 25 ps. One of the crucial aspects in the development of precise timing gaseous detectors applicable in high-energy physics experiments is a modular design that enables large area coverage. The first 19-channel multi-pad prototype with an active area of approximately 10 cm2 suffered from degraded timing resolu

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González-Díaz, D., F. R. Palomo, J. González, and H. Chen. "Detectors and Concepts for sub-100 ps timing with gaseous detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 12, no. 03 (2017): C03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/c03029.

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Ratnikov, Fedor, Denis Derkach, Alexey Boldyrev, Andrey Shevelev, Pavel Fakanov, and Leonid Matyushin. "Using machine learning to speed up new and upgrade detector studies: a calorimeter case." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024502019.

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In this paper, we discuss the way advanced machine learning techniques allow physicists to perform in-depth studies of the realistic operating modes of the detectors during the stage of their design. Proposed approach can be applied to both design concept (CDR) and technical design (TDR) phases of future detectors and existing detectors if upgraded. The machine learning approaches may improve the precision of the reconstruction methods being considered during detector R&D. Moreover, such reconstruction methods can be reproduced automatically while changing the main optimisation parameters

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Acernese, F., M. Agathos, A. Ain, et al. "Calibration of advanced Virgo and reconstruction of the detector strain h(t) during the observing run O3." Classical and Quantum Gravity 39, no. 4 (2022): 045006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac3c8e.

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Abstract The three advanced Virgo and LIGO gravitational wave detectors participated to the third observing run (O3) between 1 April 2019 15:00 UTC and 27 March 2020 17:00 UTC, leading to several gravitational wave detections per month. This paper describes the advanced Virgo detector calibration and the reconstruction of the detector strain h(t) during O3, as well as the estimation of the associated uncertainties. For the first time, the photon calibration technique as been used as reference for Virgo calibration, which allowed to cross-calibrate the strain amplitude of the Virgo and LIGO det

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Hammoud, Salah El Dine. "Front-End Prototype ASIC with Low-Gain Avalanche Detector Sensors for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector." Particles 8, no. 2 (2025): 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8020050.

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Timing measurements are critical for the detectors at the future HL-LHC, to resolve reconstruction ambiguity when the number of simultaneous interactions reaches up to 200 per bunch crossing. The ATLAS collaboration therefore builds a new High-Granularity Timing detector for the forward region. A customized ASIC, called ALTIROC, has been developed, to read out fast signals from low-gain avalanche detectors (LGADs), which has 50 ps time-resolution for signals from minimum-ionizing particles. To meet these requirements, a custom-designed pre-amplifier, a discriminator, and TDC circuits with mini

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Hamdan, M., B. Feng, K. Shimazoe, et al. "Characterization of TlBr gamma detector based on electrical charge and Cherenkov light analysis." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 11 (2024): C11017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/c11017.

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Abstract Thallium Bromide (TlBr) semiconductors have been extensively studied for their potential as room-temperature gamma-ray detectors, owing to their advantageous material properties. Recent advancements have demonstrated that timing performance in TlBr detectors can be enhanced by incorporating Cherenkov photon detection during gamma-ray interactions. In this study, TlBr detector (5 × 5 × 5 mm3) was investigated through a combined analysis of electrical charge and Cherenkov light signals. The depth of interaction (DoI) correction applied to the trapezoidal filter output yielded significan

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Tosi, N. "Scintillation imaging with coded aperture masks." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 05 (2025): C05034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/05/c05034.

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Abstract Most conventional noble liquid detectors employ scintillation light as either a timing signal for a TPC or as a calorimetric measurement, or both. Its relative amplitude and timing on multiple detectors can also be used to approximately locate an interaction. Scintillation imaging goes a step further. By developing a suitable optical system, coupled with finely segmented SiPM arrays, it is possible to build photographic cameras that capture images of the primary scintillation light. In absence of a TPC, scintillation imaging alone can provide vertexing and tracking information, while

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Antonelli, M., G. Zampa, V. Bonvicini, et al. "Functional tests of the detector assembly demonstration model of the eXTP wide field monitor: system description and results." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 04 (2025): C04010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/04/c04010.

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Abstract The Wide Field Monitor is one of the 4 state-of-the-art instruments onboard the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission, which will search for and observe neutron stars, magnetars and black holes to study matter under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The wide-field cameras of the Wide Field Monitor are based on large-area silicon drift detectors. Such position-sensitive spectroscopic detectors, together with their front-end electronics, must pass a series of functional tests before proceeding with the mass production of the detector assemblies. This paper de

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Missio, Marion. "Overview of the ATLAS High-Granularity Timing Detector: project status and results." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 04 (2024): C04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04008.

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Abstract The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with an instantaneous luminosity up to L ≈ 7.5 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger performance. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the forward region for pile-up mitigation and luminosity measurement. This detector, based on Low Gain Avalanche Detectors and custom ASICs, will provide a time resolution of 30 ps per track at the beginning of HL-LHC and 50 ps at the end. This proceeding paper will su

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Thorburn, Fiona, Xin Yi, Zoë M. Greener, et al. "Ge-on-Si single-photon avalanche diode detectors for short-wave infrared wavelengths." Journal of Physics: Photonics 4, no. 1 (2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac3839.

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Abstract Germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) based single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have recently emerged as a promising detector candidate for ultra-sensitive and picosecond resolution timing measurement of short-wave infrared (SWIR) photons. Many applications benefit from operating in the SWIR spectral range, such as long distance light detection and ranging, however, there are few single-photon detectors exhibiting the high-performance levels obtained by all-silicon SPADs commonly used for single-photon detection at wavelengths <1 µm. This paper first details the advantages of operatin

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Chung, Wonyong. "Differentiable Full Detector Simulation of a Projective Dual-Readout Crystal Electromagnetic Calorimeter with Longitudinal Segmentation and Precision Timing." EPJ Web of Conferences 320 (2025): 00052. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532000052.

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A differentiable full detector simulation has been implemented in the key4hep software stack for future colliders. A fully automated and configurable geometry enabling differentiation of all detector dimensions, including crystal widths and thicknesses, is presented. The software architecture, development environment, and necessary components to implement a new detector concept from scratch are described. General AI/ML reconstruction strategies for future collider detectors are discussed, based around the idea of picking the right neural network for each detector.

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Xie, Siwei, Xi Zhang, Yibin Zhang, et al. "Evaluation of Various Scintillator Materials in Radiation Detector Design for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)." Crystals 10, no. 10 (2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100869.

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The performance of radiation detectors used in positron-emission tomography (PET) is determined by the intrinsic properties of the scintillators, the geometry and surface treatment of the scintillator crystals and the electrical and optical characteristics of the photosensors. Experimental studies were performed to assess the timing resolution and energy resolution of detectors constructed with samples of different scintillator materials (LaBr3, CeBr3, LFS, LSO, LYSO: Ce, Ca and GAGG) that were fabricated into different shapes with various surface treatments. The saturation correction of SiPMs

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