Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tipi di frase »

Siamo in presenza del primo volume di una davvero grande grammatica della lingua italiana contemporanea. In questo primo volume troviamo trattati, oltre alia frase semplice, il nome e il pronome, mentre si annuncia, peril secondo e il terzo vo­ lume, Ia trattazione del verbo, della subordinazione, dei tipi di frase e della forma­ zione delle parole. Al primo volume è premessal presentazione a penna del curatore e promotore spirituale dell'opera, Lorenzo Renzi, noto e riconosciuto cultore di studi italianistici ed anche romanistici; basti ricordare, tra le tante opere, Ia sua Introduzione alia filologia romanza e, del 1985, Ia Nuova introduzione alia filologia romanza.

Nell'ambito del nostro progetto di studio sintattico, semantico e pragmalinguistico dei testi istroromanzi moderni (precipuamente rovignesi, pubblicati nell'antologia Istria Nobilissima) sono stati raccolti parecchi casi di ambiguità, cioè di frasi che ammettono due, tre o persino più di tre letture o interpretazioni. Mentre in certi nostri studi precedenti (Tekavčić 1982, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c) questi esempi sono stati per lo più soltanto citati o accompagnati tutt' al più da brevi commenti principalmente linguistici, nelle pagine che seguono intendiamo riprendere gli esempi concentrando la nostra attenzione da un lato sui fattori che generano l'ambiguità, dall'altro sui mezzi di disambiguazione. È appena necessario ricordare che l'ambiguita di una frase può esistere soltanto a livello puramente descrittivo, fuori contesto e/o situazione (per così dire, in vitro), mentre sparisce non appena la frase si inserisce nel contesto e/o nella situazione, diventando cosi un enunciato. Ciò vale naturalmente soprattutto per la lingua parlata ma anche, seppure in minore misura, per i testi. Perciò nel presente contributo aggiungiamo ad ogni esempio un breve quadro della situazione, sicché il lato pragmalinguistico e textlinguistico viene a trovarsi al primo piano. Il riassunto cerca di sistemare i tipi di frasi, i fattori di ambiguità e i mezzi per disambiguare.

Questo lavoro si occupa di un fenomeno frequente nella scrittura moderna (ma non di data recente essendo facilmente rintracciabile anche nella prima prosa in volgare), particolarmente in quei tipi di testi aperti alla violazione delle severe regole grammaticali e interpuntive presenti nella tradizionale manualistica. Nell’esempio A gennaio di quest'anno l'azienda ha chiesto il dissequestro dell'impianto. Che a giugno è stato invece negato dal gip un segno d’interpunzione forte si inserisce all’interno di una struttura sintatticamente legata e la frammenta creandone un costrutto marcato. In questo lavoro è messa a confronto questa struttura frantumata con quella convenzionale con l’obiettivo di individuarne differenze di ordine sintattico, testuale, informativo e comunicativo. Mi sono limitata all’analisi della frase relativa come costituente staccato dal resto del periodo con un punto fermo o, più raramente, con un altro segno forte. Ho cercato di rispondere al quesito se si tratti di un procedimento meramente sintattico e stilistico o se la sua funzione è primariamente quella comunicativa. L’analisi è stata effettuata in base all’esame degli esempi tratti dai quotidiani italiani.

Questo contributo si propone di analizzare alcuni “formati di parola inediti” della lingua italiana, emersi dalla ricerca su corpora finalizzata all’elaborazione del dizionario CombiNet. L’analisi dei dati estratti dai corpora per la compilazione delle voci CombiNet ha infatti rivelato l’esistenza nel lessico dell’italiano di numerose strutture sintagmatiche e di “formati di parola”, non descritti nella letteratura. Questo contributo intende presentare i formati di parola inediti dell’italiano, discutendone alcune specifiche proprietà (es. la relazione tra i tipi sintagmatici e la funzione “alta” da essi svolta nella frase).Formacje nieskategoryzowane według danych ze słownika komputerowego "CombiNet"Niniejszy artykuł analizuje „formacje nieskategoryzowane” w języku włoskim na podstawie badań korpusowych przeprowadzonych w celu opracowania słownika CombiNet. Analiza danych , które posłużyły do uzupełnienia haseł CombiNet, wykazała istnienie w słownictwie języka włoskiego licznych struktur syntagmatycznych i metod słowotwórczych nieopisanych dotąd w literaturze naukowej. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie sposobów powstawania formacji nieskategoryzowanych oraz analizę ich wybranych cech (np. związku typów syntagmatycznych z ich funkcją w zdaniu).

Scopo di questo studio è l'analisi delle frasi interrogative nel dialetto istroromanzo scritto di Rovigno/Rovinj. La complessità del dominio ed i molti tipi di funzioni secondarie, pragmalinguistiche, impongono di limitare l'analisi alle sole frasi principali (dunque, non'd occupiamo delle interrogative indlrette); d'altra parte, la · frequenza e l'importanza delle frasi di questotipo riel parlare spontaneo esige la restrizione del' corpus ai testi di prosa. Come nei nostri studi precedenti (Tekavčić 1983, 1984a, l984b, 1986, Riflessi), anche nel preserite coritributo il corpus è costituito dai testi degli scrittori rovignesi attuali (Giusfo Curto, Gfovanrii Santin, Giovarini Pellizzer, in parte anche Antonio Pellizzer), pubblicati nell'antologia Istria Nobilissima. Questi testi sono nella maggior parte dialogati e destinati alla scena, solo alcuni (G. Santin; G. Curto nel vol.XI; G. Pellizzer nel vol. XIV) sono prosa narrativa. Le frasi interrogative vi abbondano (soprattutto nelle opere dialogate): infatti, abbiamo raccolto riel corpus ben 747 esempi. S'iritende che qui presentiamo soltanto una scelta.

AbstractThe Aesthetic of Type Cyrene Merlin Road Race Frame. Type Cyrene Merlin road race frame is one of the innovative designs of Tom Kellogg and produced by Merlin Metal Work, known as one of the best bike production in Tennessee, USA. Produce uniquely with laser engraved motif on the frame pipe, this bike won The Best Titanium Bike in North American Handmade BicycleShow. This paper explained about the aesthetic analysis of the product design with the formalistic aspect, the technical aspect, and the ergonomic aspect which affect the function of the product. The formalistic analysis instruments consistof intra-aesthetic factors. From the analysis concluded that the aesthetic value of the product is not a single value but blended with technology. The Type Cyrene Merlin road race frame is becoming the high value product that produced withhigh accuracy and craftsmanship when still focused on functional aspect and the user comfort.AbstrakEstetika pada Frame Sepeda Balap Merlin Tipe Cyrene. Frame sepeda balap Merlin tipe Cyrene merupakan salah satu karya inovatif dari Tom Kellogg yang diproduksi oleh Merlin Metal Work, salah satu produsen sepeda terbaik di dunia yang berlokasi di Tennessee, Amerika Serikat.Diproduksi secara khusus dengan motif hiasan grafir laser dipermukaan pipa frame, frame sepeda ini memenangkan The Best Titanium Bike di North American Handmade Bicycle Show. Makalah ini memaparkan analisis estetika pada desain produk dengan analisis aspek formalistik dan instrumen analisis yang meliputi faktor-faktor intraestetik, dilanjutkan dengan analisis aspek teknis dan ergonomis yang mempengaruhi fungsi produk. Dari analisis tersebut disimpulkan bahwa nilai estetis suatu produk pada akhirnya tidak lagi menjadi satu nilai murni tetapi berbaur dengan teknologi. Frame sepeda balap Merlin tipe Cyrene menjadi produk bernilai tinggi yang diproduksi denganketelitian dan craftsmanship serta tetap memperhatikan aspekfungsional dan kenyamanan pada penggunaanya.

Semakin pesatnya pembangunan industri besar yang membutuhkan bangunan untuk proses produksi suatu industri besar, bangunan industri di tuntut mempunyai luas yang besar dan kuat agar dapat menunjang kegiatan produksi industri dalam skala besar, Bangunan yang paling cocok untuk industri besar adalah struktur gudang dengan kontruksi baja dengan tipe Gable frame, struktur baja ini memiliki banyak keunggulan dalam beberapa poin, mudah dalam pengerjaan, pemasangan, dan kekuatan kontruksi yang kuat, dan ekonomis dalam biaya pembangunan dari pada kontruksi baja lainnya. Pre eleminary design akan menetukan kuat rencana bangunan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan akan menentukan profil baja yang akan di pakai dalam pembangunan gudang dengan tipe Gable Frame,dengan sistem rangka pemikul momen khusus (SRPMK) karena akan di simulasikan kontruksi tersebut akan di rencanakan kuat menahan respon yang di akibatkan oleh beban gempa.Berdasarkan dengan hasil output dari SAP 2000 V14 struktur gudang gable frame tersebut di temukan penampang kolom dengan profil IWF 350 X 175 dan penampang balok yang perlu di tambahkan dalam susunan kontruksi gable frame tersebut, dan perlu di lakukan penggantian kolom dengan profil H Beam dengan profil 400x400 yang sangat kompak dan kuat dalam di jadikan kolom struktur, dan penambahan balok IWF 300 X 150 pada struktur atas pertemuan antara kolom dan rafter.

Eccentrically Braced Frames merupakan sebuah sistem struktur baja penahan gempa untuk bangunan gedung, dimana sistem ini pada salah satu dari ujung pengaku terhubung pada balok terdapat segmen terpisah yang disebut dengan link. Kinerja link yang efektif dapat menyerap beban lateral, sehingga penyerapan ini diharapkan terjadi pada saat struktur mulai mengalami deformasi akibat dari gempa, dengan mempertahankan komponen-komponen struktur lain seperti balok, kolom, dan bracing berada dalam kondisi elastik. Dengan sering terjadinya gempa bumi, maka pelaksanaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia memang harus memperhitungkan kekuatan bangunan terhadap gempa. Berdasarkan konsep dengan desain bangunan tahan gempa yang berlaku sekarang, struktur bangunan tahan gempa harus terbuat dari sistem struktur yang berperilaku daktail. Di antara beberapa material utama konstruksi, baja adalah material yang paling daktail. Baja mempunyai keunggulan dalam perancangan bangunan tahan gempa seperti tegangan lelehnya yang tinggi, regangan maksimumnya besar dan modulus elastisitas tinggi. Dalam analisa ini membandingkan dua sistem rangka Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) interved K dan Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) interved Y. Dari hasil analisa pushover menunjukan bahwa model EBF pada kedua system tersebut didapat Daktilitas struktur yang tidak beda jauh. Namun dalam segi kekakuan, system EBF K dinilai lebih kaku dan lebih daktil daripada EBF Y.

Tujuan penulisan paper ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya kebijakan geopolitik poros maritim di Era Jokowi.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis sebagai tipe penelitian. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data pada karya tulis ini adalah dengan cara wawancara, dokumen, pengamatan langsung, observasi partisipan dan untuk menambah data karya ini ditambahkan dengan telaah pustaka (library research), dengan berupaya mengumpulkan data- data yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti seperti, buku, jurnal, tabloid, surat kabar, dan internet. Dengan tempat penelitian seperti Perpustakaan Nasional di Jakarta, Kementrian Koordinator Bidang Maritim dan Sumberdaya di Jakarta serta Badan Keamanan Laut Di Jakarta. Kemudian teknik analisa data menggunakan teknik analisa kualitatif serta metode pengambilan kesimpulan dengan cara deduktif. Dengan hasil penelitian bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya kebijakan geopolitik poros maritim di Era Jokowi yakni faktor interpretasi ideologis terkait proses perumusan kebijakan luar negeri poros maritim.

This work investigates the formal properties of interrogative clauses in standard Italian, in the framework of the cartographic approach (Cinque and Rizzi 2010). In chapter 2 “The syntax of Italian interrogatives” a novel account of interrogative inversion is proposed according to which Italian has T-to-C movement in matrix interrogatives, as originally proposed in Rizzi and Roberts (1989). The starting point is the observation that in Italian, and in other Romance languages as well, overt non-clitic subjects cannot occur in their canonical position (that is in between the wh-phrase and the tensed verb or immediately on the right of the auxiliary/modal verb) in matrix wh-interrogatives. This fact has been explained in different ways over the past thirty years, with the debate focussing on two major points: whether T moves to C or not, and whether Romance preverbal subjects have the same status and target the same position as their Germanic counterparts. Building on theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence, I endorse the idea that the Subject- Agreement field must be split into several layers. I also argue that th Subject criterion (the cartographic rendition of the EPP) involves the satisfaction of two requirements: (i) the licensing of subject-verb agreement, and (ii) the licensing of the referential properties of the subject. Each requirement involves a different position in the Subject-Agreement field, where the lowest node is devoted to subject-verb agreement and Nominative licensing and the highest ones expressing subjectrelated features. I argue that in Null Subject Languages, inversion, independently motivated by the need of typing the clause as interrogative, might also satisfy the second requirement of the Subject Criterion. This fact, I argue, has the effect of allowing the projection of a reduced structure which doesn’t contain the layers usually targeted by preverbal subjects. Chapter 3 “The distribution of wh-items and the path of non criterial movement” investigates how the featural specialization of different left peripheral positions plays a role in wh-movement. Discussing dta involving clefted questions I propose that whenever different wh-items target different left peripheral positions in criterial wh-movement, they also target different positions in non criterial (that is, cyclic) wh-movement. This proposal prompts a novel view of “criterial positions” according to which a position should not be seen as criterial in an absolute sense. Only when the criterial feature projects, a cartographic position gives rise to the usual “criterial” effects. Chapter 4 “Focus and Ellipsis in questions and answers: the case of split questions” deals with so called split questions, that is interrogative structures formed by two parts: a wh-part which corresponds to a standard wh-question and a tag which constitutes a possible answer for that question. Building on previous work by Arregi (2010) I will adopt an ellipsis-based account according to which Split Questions are in fact biclausal structures. In chapter 5 “Rhetorical and «non canonical» questions” I discuss several instances of non standard questions, that is interrogatives which do not, or do not only, inquire for new information but convey further meaning. A natural question is whether the form of non standard questions is exactly the same of true questions, that is whether their peculiar meaning is reflected in the syntax - the null hypothesis from a cartographic viewpoint – or not. In order to address this question I investigate whether rhetorical questions and their non-rhetorical counterparts involve the same layer in the left periphery of the clause or not. Building on Obenauer and Poletto (2000), I endorse the idea that there are structural differences between the left periphery of the two types of questions; in particular I argue that rhetorical questions involve an extra left peripheral position dedicated to the licensing of modal properties. In the second part of the chapter I take into account some properties of non standard interrogative structures in modern Fiorentino. Chapter 6 “Beyond interrogatives: exclamative clauses and the internal syntax of wh-phrases” extends the analysis to wh-exclamatives, which are related to their interrogative counterparts under several respects. After reviewing some recent influential analyses of exclamatives (Zanuttini and Portner 2003, Rett 2008), wh-exclamatives derived from copular structures are discussed. This analysis provides the basis to investigate two aspects of the internal structure of the extended adjectival projection: the distribution of silent fuctional nouns in the spirit of R. Kayne’s recent work and the distribution of modifiers within the extended AP which, perhaps unsurprisingly, seems to follow Cinque’s hierarchy.

This paper presents the results of a wide experimental study on an H-type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) carried out at Politecnico di Milano in the frame of the national founded project PRIN 2009. The experiments were carried out in the large-scale wind tunnel of the Politecnico di Milano, where real-scale wind turbines for micro generation can be tested in full similarity conditions. Integral torque and thrust measurements were performed, as well as detailed aerodynamic measurements to characterize the flow field generated by the turbine downstream of the rotor. The machine was tested in both confined and non-confined environment, to highlight the effect of wind tunnel blockage on the aerodynamics and performance of the VAWT under investigation. The experimental results, compared with the blockage correlations presently available, suggest that specific correction models should be developed for VAWTs. The experimental thrust and power curves of the turbine, derived from integral measurements, exhibit the expected trends with a peak power coefficient of about 0.28 at tip-speed ratio λ = 2.5. Detailed flow measurements, performed in three conditions for λ equal to 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5, show the fully three-dimensional character of the wake, especially in the tip region where a non-symmetrical wake and tip vortex are found. The unsteady evolution of the velocity and turbulence fields further highlight the effect of aerodynamic loading on the wake unsteadiness, showing the time-dependent nature of the tip vortex and the onset of a non-symmetric dynamic stall for λ lower than 2.

An extensive experimental analysis was carried out at Politecnico di Milano on the subject of unsteady flow in high pressure (HP) turbine stages. In this paper the unsteady flow measured downstream of a modern HP turbine stage is discussed. Traverses in two planes downstream of the rotor are considered and, in one of them, the effects of two very different axial gaps are investigated: the maximum axial gap, equal to one stator axial chord, is chosen to “switch off” the rotor inlet unsteadiness, while the nominal gap, equal to 1/3 of the stator axial chord, is representative of actual engines. The experiments were performed by means of a fast-response pressure probe, allowing for two-dimensional phase-resolved flow measurements in a bandwidth of 80 kHz. The main properties of the probe and the data processing are described. The core of the paper is the analysis of the unsteady rotor aerodynamics; for this purpose, instantaneous snapshots of the rotor flow in the relative frame are used. The rotor mean flow and its interaction with the stator wakes and vortices are also described. In the outer part of the channel only the rotor cascade effects can be observed, with a dominant role played by the tip-leakage flow and by the rotor tip passage vortex. In the hub region, where the secondary flows downstream of the stator are stronger, the persistence of stator vortices is slightly visible in the maximum stator-rotor axial gap configuration, while in the minimum stator-rotor axial gap configuration the interaction with the rotor vortices dominates the flow field. A fair agreement with the wakes and vortices transport models has been achieved. A discussion of the interaction process is reported giving particular emphasis to the effects of the different cascade axial gaps. Some final considerations on the effects of the different axial gap over the stage performances are reported.