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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography"

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Fischer, F., D. Hoppe, E. Schleicher, G. Mattausch, H. Flaske, R. Bartel et U. Hampel. « An ultra fast electron beam x-ray tomography scanner ». Measurement Science and Technology 19, no 9 (24 juillet 2008) : 094002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/19/9/094002.

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Bieberle, M., E. Schleicher, F. Fischer, D. Koch, H. J. Menz, H. G. Mayer et U. Hampel. « Dual-plane ultrafast limited-angle electron beam x-ray tomography ». Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 21, no 3 (septembre 2010) : 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.12.001.

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Stewart, Andrew. « Combing electron diffraction techniques for structure solution ». Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 août 2014) : C369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096302.

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The last few years have seen a revolution in the field of 3D electron diffraction or diffraction tomography. We have moved from only acquiring a few low index zone axis patterns to full tomographic data sets recording all accessible areas of reciprocal space. These new larger data sets have made it easier for structure solution techniques such as direct methods from the x-ray world to be applied to the electron diffraction data for structure solution. While structure solution with tomographic electron diffraction is non trivial when compared to the x-ray case it is significantly easier than it was a few years ago. Mugnaioli et al. We are now in a situation where the most difficult and time consuming step can be the assignment of the space group to a data set. Electron diffraction has many advantages over the x-ray case in terms of the manner in which we can manipulate the electron beam. This allows the collection to convergent beam diffraction (CBD) or large angle convergent beam diffraction (LACBED) patterns, via the recently developed technique by Beanland et al. These techniques can make the assignment of space group significantly easier affair, and the path to structure solution a lot smoother. We will present the combination of data from tomographic, selected area (SA) and nano-beam (NBD) datasets, with diffraction from tomographic LACBED experiments where using the strengths of each technique can be leveraged for a much quicker route to structure solution.
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Eggl, Elena, Simone Schleede, Martin Bech, Klaus Achterhold, Roderick Loewen, Ronald D. Ruth et Franz Pfeiffer. « X-ray phase-contrast tomography with a compact laser-driven synchrotron source ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no 18 (20 avril 2015) : 5567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500938112.

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Between X-ray tubes and large-scale synchrotron sources, a large gap in performance exists with respect to the monochromaticity and brilliance of the X-ray beam. However, due to their size and cost, large-scale synchrotrons are not available for more routine applications in small and medium-sized academic or industrial laboratories. This gap could be closed by laser-driven compact synchrotron light sources (CLS), which use an infrared (IR) laser cavity in combination with a small electron storage ring. Hard X-rays are produced through the process of inverse Compton scattering upon the intersection of the electron bunch with the focused laser beam. The produced X-ray beam is intrinsically monochromatic and highly collimated. This makes a CLS well-suited for applications of more advanced––and more challenging––X-ray imaging approaches, such as X-ray multimodal tomography. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first results of a first successful demonstration experiment in which a monochromatic X-ray beam from a CLS was used for multimodal, i.e., phase-, dark-field, and attenuation-contrast, X-ray tomography. We show results from a fluid phantom with different liquids and a biomedical application example in the form of a multimodal CT scan of a small animal (mouse, ex vivo). The results highlight particularly that quantitative multimodal CT has become feasible with laser-driven CLS, and that the results outperform more conventional approaches.
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Russo, Paolo, Giovanni Mettivier, Adele Lauria et Maria Cristina Montesi. « X-ray Cone-Beam Breast Computed Tomography : Phantom Studies ». IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 57, no 1 (février 2010) : 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2009.2034373.

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Yao, Zhenwei, Tianzhen Shen et Xingrong Chen. « Simulate bronchoscope with electron beam computed tomography ». Academic Radiology 6 (février 1999) : S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(99)80542-x.

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Bieberle, André, Dominic Windisch, Kerolos Iskander, Martina Bieberle et Uwe Hampel. « A Smart Multi-Plane Detector Design for Ultrafast Electron Beam X-ray Computed Tomography ». Sensors 20, no 18 (10 septembre 2020) : 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185174.

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In this paper, a smart detector design for novel multi-plane ultrafast electron beam X-ray computed tomography is presented. The concept is based on multi-plane electron beam scanning on a transparent X-ray target and elongated cuboid-shape scintillation detectors for radiation detection over an extended axial scanning range. The optical part of the scintillation detector acts as both an X-ray sensitive scintillator with a fast time response and a light guide. With that, we reduce detector complexity, number of detector elements, overall power consumption, and detector costs. We investigated the performance of this new multi-plane detector design with an evaluation detector setup that is made of cerium doped lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO:Ce) as scintillation material and an avalanche photodiode (APD) array. Thereby, we assessed two design variants: A monolithic LYSO bar detector and a sandwich detector made of multiple LYSO crystals and glass light-guides. Both types reveal excellent linear detector responses, long-term stabilities, and comparable signal qualities.
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Hernández-Nava, Everth, Samuel Tammas-Williams, Christopher Smith, Fabien Leonard, Philip Withers, Iain Todd et Russell Goodall. « X-ray Tomography Characterisation of Lattice Structures Processed by Selective Electron Beam Melting ». Metals 7, no 8 (5 août 2017) : 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met7080300.

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Fischer, F., et U. Hampel. « Ultra fast electron beam X-ray computed tomography for two-phase flow measurement ». Nuclear Engineering and Design 240, no 9 (septembre 2010) : 2254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.11.016.

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Janssen, C. H. C., P. M. van Ooijen et M. Oudkerk. « Noninvasive Coronary Imaging Using Electron Beam Computed Tomography ». Imaging Decisions MRI 7, no 2 (juillet 2003) : 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1617-0830.2003.70204.x.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography"

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Bärtling, Yves, Dietrich Hoppe et Uwe Hampel. « Preliminary investigations on high energy electron beam tomography ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-64330.

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In computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional images of the attenuation distribution within a slice are created by scanning radiographic projections of an object with a rotating X-ray source detector compound and subsequent reconstruction of the images from these projection data on a computer. CT can be made very fast by employing a scanned electron beam instead of a mechanically moving X-ray source. Now this principle was extended towards high-energy electron beam tomography with an electrostatic accelerator. Therefore a dedicated experimental campaign was planned and carried out at the Budker Insitute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Novosibirsk. There we investigated the capabilities of BINP’s accelerators as an electron beam generating and scanning unit of a potential high-energy electron beam tomography device. The setup based on a 1 MeV ELV-6 (BINP) electron accelerator and a single detector. Besides tomographic measurements with different phantoms, further experiments were carried out concerning the focal spot size and repeat accuracy of the electron beam as well as the detector’s response time and signal to noise ratio.
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Bärtling, Yves, Dietrich Hoppe et Uwe Hampel. « Preliminary investigations on high energy electron beam tomography ». Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2010. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22134.

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In computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional images of the attenuation distribution within a slice are created by scanning radiographic projections of an object with a rotating X-ray source detector compound and subsequent reconstruction of the images from these projection data on a computer. CT can be made very fast by employing a scanned electron beam instead of a mechanically moving X-ray source. Now this principle was extended towards high-energy electron beam tomography with an electrostatic accelerator. Therefore a dedicated experimental campaign was planned and carried out at the Budker Insitute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Novosibirsk. There we investigated the capabilities of BINP’s accelerators as an electron beam generating and scanning unit of a potential high-energy electron beam tomography device. The setup based on a 1 MeV ELV-6 (BINP) electron accelerator and a single detector. Besides tomographic measurements with different phantoms, further experiments were carried out concerning the focal spot size and repeat accuracy of the electron beam as well as the detector’s response time and signal to noise ratio.
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Suard, Mathieu. « Characterization and optimization of lattice structures made by Electron Beam Melting ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI055/document.

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Le récent développement de la Fabrication Additive de pièces métalliques permet d'élaborer directement des structures à partir de modèles 3D. En particulier, la technologie "Electron Beam Melting" (EBM) permet la fusion sélective, couche par couche, de poudres métalliques. Elle autorise la réalisation de géométries très complexes mais apporte de nouvelles contraintes de fabrication.Ce travail se concentre sur la caractérisation géométrique et mécanique de structures treillis produites par cette méthode. Les pièces fabriquées sont comparées au design initial à travers des caractérisations par tomographie aux rayons X. Les propriétés mécaniques sont testées en compression uni-axiale. Pour les poutres de faibles épaisseur, la différence entre la structure numérique et celle fabriquée devient significative. Les écarts au design initial se traduisent pour chaque poutre par un concept de matière mécaniquement efficace. D'un point de vue modélisation, ce concept est pris en compte en remplaçant la poutre fabriquée par un cylindre avec un diamètre mécaniquement équivalent. Ce diamètre équivalent est utilisé dans des simulations et optimisations "réalistes" intégrant ainsi les contraintes de fabrication de la technologie EBM.Différentes stratégies sont aussi proposées pour réduire la proportion de volume "inefficace" et améliorer le contrôle de la taille des poutres, soit en jouant sur les paramètres procédé et les stratégies de fusion, soit en effectuant des post-traitements
The recent development of Additive Manufacturing for the fabrication of metallic parts allows structures to be directly manufactured from 3D models. In particular, the "Electron Beam Melting" (EBM) technology is a suitable process which selectively melts a powder bed layer by layer. It can build very complex geometries but brings new limitations that have to be quantified.This work focuses on the structural and mechanical characterization of lattice structures produced by such technology. The structural characterization mainly rely on X-ray tomography whereas mechanical properties are assessed by uni-axial compression. The geometry and related properties of the fabricated structures are compared with the designed ones. For small strut size, the difference between the designed structure and the produced one is large enough to impact the desired mechanical properties. The concept of mechanical efficient volume is introduced. For the purpose of simulation, this concept is taken into account by replacing the struts by a cylinder with a textit{mechanical equivalent diameter}. After validation, it has been used into "realistic" simulation and optimization procedures, thus taking into account the process constraints.Post-treatments (Chemical Etching and Electro-Chemical Polishing) were applied on lattice structures to get rid of the inefficient matter by decreasing the surface roughness. The control of the size of the fabricated struts was improved by tuning the process strategies and parameters
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Tammas-Williams, Samuel. « XCT analysis of the defect distribution and its effect on the static and dynamic mechanical properties in Ti-6Al-4V components manufactured by electron beam additive manufacture ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/xct-analysis-of-the-defect-distribution-and-its-effect-on-the-static-and-dynamic-mechanical-properties-in-ti6al4v-components-manufactured-by-electron-beam-additive-manufacture(cb034391-b61f-4e16-91cd-7ad3c9ec6312).html.

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Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is a promising powder bed Additive Manufacturing technique for near-net-shape manufacture of high-value titanium components. An extensive research program has been carried out to characterise in 3D the size, volume fraction, and spatial distribution of the pores in model samples, using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and correlate them to the SEBM process variables. The average volume fraction of the pores (97.5 %) where fatigue cracks would initiate based on the relative stress intensity factor of all the pores. In contrast, crack growth was found to be insensitive to porosity, which was attributed to the much higher stress concentration generated by the crack in comparison to the pores. Some crack diversion was associated with the local microstructure, with prior β grain boundaries often coincident with crack diversion.
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Glasser, Francis. « Méthodes de détection de rayonnement X pulsé pour la tomographie par transmission avec accélérateur linéaire ». Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10081.

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Etude du comportement de semi-conducteurs et d'un scintillateur comme convertisseurs de photons x en signal mesurable. Application a la tomographie industrielle utilisant un accelerateur lineaire en vue du controle non destructif d'objets denses et volumineux
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PEREIRA, LILIAN N. « Uso de diodos epitaxiais de Si em dosimetria de fótons ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10581.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Lepinay, Kevin. « Développement et applications de la tomographie chimique par spectroscopie EDX ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0124/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation des techniques pour la tomographie chimique par STEM EDX : mise au point des procédures expérimentales, traitement des données, reconstruction des volumes, analyse de la qualité des résultats obtenus et évaluation de la complexité globale. Les performances très limitées de l’analyse STEM EDX font que peu d’études, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, se sont portées sur cette technique. Cependant, les avancées très notables procurées par les nouveaux détecteurs ‘SDD’ ainsi que les sources électroniques X-FEG haute brillance, rendant l’analyse STEM EDX 2D très rapide, ont relancé la possibilité de la tomographie chimique ; la technique demande toutefois à être mise au point et évaluée (performances et complexité). Nous avons travaillé sur un microscope Tecnai Osiris permettant d’acquérir des cartographies chimiques EDX de centaines de milliers de pixels avec une résolution de l’ordre du nanomètre en quelques minutes. Nous avons choisi de préparer par FIB des échantillons en forme de pointe et d’utiliser un porte-objet permettant une exploration angulaire de 180° sans ombrage. Puis, à l’aide d’échantillons modèles (billes de SiO2 dans une résine), nous avons évalué les déformations d’échantillon par l’irradiation du faisceau électronique. Ceci nous a permis de proposer une méthode pour limiter cet effet par déposition d’une couche de 20 nm de chrome. Des simulations d’images ont permis d’évaluer les logiciels et méthodes de reconstruction. La méthodologie de chaque étape d’une analyse de tomographie STEM EDX a ensuite été expliquée, et l’intérêt de la technique démontré grâce à la comparaison de l’analyse 2D et 3D d’un transistor FDSOI 28 nm. La qualité des reconstructions (rapport signal-sur-bruit, résolution spatiale) a été évaluée en fonction des paramètres expérimentaux à l’aide de simulations et d’expériences. Une résolution de 4 nm est démontrée grâce à l’analyse d’une mire et d’un transistor « gate all around ». Pour ce même transistor, la possibilité et l’intérêt d’analyse de défaillance à l’échelle nanométrique est prouvée. Une analyse d’un défaut de grille d’une SRAM ou de trous dans un pilier en cuivre permettent d’expliquer l’intérêt d’une combinaison d’un volume HAADF (morphologie et résolution < 4 nm) et du volume EDX (information chimique). La conclusion est que cette technique, qui reste encore à améliorer du point de vue de sa simplicité, montre déjà son utilité pour l’analyse et la mise au point des technologies avancées (nœud 20 nm et après)
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the STEM EDX chemical tomography technique: development of experimental procedures, data processing and volumes reconstruction, quality analysis of the results and evaluation of the overall complexity. Until now, STEM EDX analysis performances were very limited, so only few studies about this technique have been realized. However, very significant progress procured by the new SDD detectors as well as by the high brightness electronic sources (X-FEG), making the STEM EDX 2D analysis very fast, have revived the possibility of the chemical tomography, although the technique has to be developed and evaluated (performance and complexity). We have worked on a Tecnai Osiris which acquires EDX chemical mapping of hundreds of thousands of pixels with resolution of one nanometer and in a few minutes. We chose to prepare the rod-shaped samples by FIB and use a sample holder allowing an angle of exploration of 180° without shadowing effects. Then, using model samples (SiO2 balls in resin), we evaluated the sample deformation due to the electron beam irradiation. This allowed us to propose a method to reduce this effect by depositing a 20 nm chromium layer. Images simulations were used to evaluate the software and the reconstruction methods. The methodology of each step of the STEM EDX tomography analysis is then explained and the technique interest is demonstrated by comparing the 2D and the 3D analysis of a transistor 28 nm FDSOI. The quality of the reconstructions (signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution) was evaluated, in function of experimental parameters, using simulations and experiments. A resolution of 4 nm is demonstrated through the analysis of a test pattern and a "gate all around” transistor. For the same transistor, the possibility and the interest of a failure analysis at the nanoscale is proven. Analyses of a SRAM gate fail or of the holes in a copper pillar explain the benefits of a combination between a HAADF volume (morphology and resolution < 4 nm) and an EDX volume (chemical information). To conclude, this technique, which still needs to be improved in terms of simplicity, is already showing its usefulness for the analysis and the development of advanced technologies (20nm node and beyond)
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Gong, Hao. « A Scheme for Ultra-Fast Computed Tomography Based on Stationary Multi-Beam X-ray Sources ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75054.

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The current cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology is mainly limited by motion blurring and radiation dose. The conceptual multi-source interior CT scheme has provided a potential solution to reduce motion artifacts and radiation exposure. This dissertation work conducted multi-facet investigations on a novel multi-source interior CT architecture (G. Cao, et. al, IEEE Access, 2014;2:1263-71) which employs distributed stationary multi-beam Carbon-nanotube (CNT) X-ray sources and simultaneously operates multiple source-detector chains to improve temporal resolution. The collimation based interior CT is integrated in each imaging chain, to suppress radiation dose. The central thesis statement is: Compared to conventional CT design, this distributed source array based multi-source interior CT architecture shall provide ultra-fast CT scan of region-of-interest (ROI) inside body with comparable image quality at lower radiation dose. Comprehensive studies were conducted to separately investigate three critical aspects of multi-source interior CT: interior CT mode, X-ray scattering, and scatter correction methods. First, a single CNT X-ray source based interior micro-CT was constructed to serve as a down-scaled experimental verification platform for interior CT mode. Interior CT mode demonstrated comparable contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) and image structural similarity to the standard global CT mode, while inducing a significant radiation dose reduction (< 83.9%). Second, the data acquisition of multi-source interior CT was demonstrated at clinical geometry, via numerical simulation and physical experiments. The simultaneously operated source-detector chains induced significant X-ray forward / cross scattering and thus caused severe CNR reduction (< 68.5%) and CT number error (< 1122 HU). To address the scatter artifacts, a stationary beam-stopper-array (BSA) based and a source-trigger-sequence (STS) based scatter correction methods were proposed to enable the online scatter measurement / correction with further radiation dose reduction (< 50%). Moreover, a deterministic physics model was also developed to iteratively remove the scatter-artifacts in the multi-source interior CT, without the need for modifications in imaging hardware or protocols. The three proposed scatter correction methods improved CNR (< 94.0%) and suppressed CT number error (< 48 HU). With the dedicated scatter correction methods, the multi-source interior CT could provide ROI-oriented imaging with acceptable image quality at significantly reduced radiation dose.
Ph. D.
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Lifton, Joseph J. « The influence of scatter and beam hardening in X-ray computed tomography for dimensional metrology ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378342/.

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This thesis is concerned with the use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) for making dimensional measurements. Scattered radiation and beam hardening are two phenomena that are well-known to severely degrade the quality of cone-beam CT data; however, the impact they have on dimensional measurements is not well understood. The aim of this work is to better understand how scatter and beam hardening influence dimensional measurements. The influence that scattered radiation and beam hardening have on internal and external dimensional measurements is investigated for two surface determination methods: the ISO50 method and a local gradient-based method. The work includes both experiment and simulation. The influence of scatter is assessed through the use of source collimation and the beam stop array scatter correction method, whilst the influence of beam hardening is assessed using spectrum pre-filtration. The simulation makes use of empirically derived X-ray spectra and scatter signals; good agreement between measured and simulated data is seen. The results show the presence of scatter and beam hardening decreases the measured size of internal features and increases the measured size of external features. This effect is seen for both surface determination methods, with the local method being more robust for outer features. The ISO50 surface determination method fails to give the ‘correct’ surface position for both inner and outer features in the presence of scatter and/or beam hardening. For the local surface determination method, scatter and beam hardening change the turning point of the edge gradient, this being the property by which surface points are defined for the local method; it is therefore through this change in turning point that scatter and beam hardening influence dimensional measurements.
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Bhatia, Navnina. « Scattering correction in cone beam tomography using continuously thickness-adapted kernels ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI092.

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La tomodensitométrie intégrant une source de rayons X à faisceau divergent et un détecteur grand champ est une technique bien connue dans le domaine de la tomographie industrielle. La nature des matériaux et les épaisseurs traversées conduisent inévitablement à la génération de rayonnement diffusé. Ce dernier est généré par l’objet mais également par le détecteur. La présence de rayonnement parasite conduit à ne plus respecter l’hypothèse de la loi de Beer-Lambert. Par conséquent, on voit apparaitre sur les coupes tomographiques des artefacts de reconstruction comme des streaks, des effets ventouses ou des valeurs d’atténuation linéaire erronée. Par conséquence, on retrouve dans la littérature de nombreuses méthodes de correction du diffusé. Ce travail vise à mettre en point et tester une méthode originale de correction du diffusé. Le premier chapitre de cette étude, dresse un état de l’art de la plupart des méthodes de corrections existantes. Nous proposons, dans le deuxième chapitre, une évolution de la méthode de superposition des noyaux de convolution (Scatter Kernel Superposition). Notre méthode repose sur une description continue des noyaux en fonction de l’épaisseur traversée. Dans cette méthode, les noyaux de diffusion sont paramétrés analytiquement sur toute la plage d'épaisseur. Le procédé a été testé pour des objets à la fois mono-matériaux et poly-matériaux, ainsi que sur des données expérimentales et simulées. Nous montrons dans le troisième chapitre l’importance de la contribution du diffusé détecteur dans la qualité de l’image reconstruite. Mais également l’importance de décrire les noyaux de convolution à l'aide d'un modèle à quatre gaussienne. Les résultats obtenus à partir de données expérimentales prouvent que la correction du diffusé de l'objet seul ne suffit pas pour obtenir une image de reconstruite sans artefacts. Afin de disposer d’une meilleur modélisation du diffusé du détecteur, nous décrivons, dans le dernier chapitre, une méthode basée sur la combinaison de données expérimentales et simulées permettant d’améliorer l’estimation des noyaux de diffusé
Advanced Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) typically uses a divergent conebeam source and a large area detector. As a result, there an inevitable increase in the size area of illumination causing an increase in the intensity of X-ray scatter signal, both from the object and the detector. This leads to the violation of prime assumption of reconstruction process which is based on straight line integrals path followed by the photons. Consequently scatter artifacts appear in the reconstruction images as steaks, cupping effect and thus produce wrong reconstruction values. Due to the severity of the reconstruction artifact caused by scatter, many scatter corrections methods have been adopted in literature. The first part of this study, reviews most of the existing scatter correction methods. The effect of scattering becomes more prominent and challenging in case of X-ray source of high energy which is used in industrial Non Destructive Testing (NDT), due to higher scatter to primary ratio (SPR). Therefore, in this study, we propose a continuously thickness-adapted deconvolution approach based on improvements in the Scatter Kernel Superposition (SKS) method. In this method, the scatter kernels are analytically parameterized over the whole thickness range of the object under study to better sample the amplitude and shape of kernels with respect to the thickness. The method is tested for both homogeneous and heterogeneous objects as well as simulated and experimental data. Another important aspect of this study is the comprehensive evaluation of contribution of the detector scatter performed using continuous method by separating the contribution of scatter due to the object and the detector. This is performed by modeling the scatter kernels using a four-Gaussian model. In the first approach, we performed this evaluation based on simulation of kernels from Monte Carlo simulations and the corrections are performed on typical industrial experimental data. The results obtained prove that the scatter correction only due to the object is not sufficient to obtain reconstruction image, free from artifacts, as the detector also scatters considerably. In order to prove this point experimentally and to have a better modeling of the detector, we describe a method based on combination of experiments and simulations to calculate the scatter kernels. The results obtained also prove, the contribution of the detector scattering becomes important and the PSF of the detector is not constant as considered in the studies so far, but it varies to a great extend with the energy spectrum
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Livres sur le sujet "Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography"

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Computed tomography : From photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT. Berlin : Springer, 2008.

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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne et Gareth Morris-Stiff. Principles of chemotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0005.

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Principles of radiation oncology outlines the physical and biological effects of ionising radiation, and its use in clinical oncology. Radiobiology, examining the response of tissue to ionising radiation, is described with regards to normal and malignant tissues. The effect of fractionation, the delivery of radiotherapy in a series of repeated exposures, is examined. The damaging effects on normal tissues are considered, particularly nonreversible late effects including carcinogenesis. Therapeutic exposure to ionising radiation is contrasted between radical and palliative radiotherapy. The physical properties of ionising radiation beams are described for superficial x-rays, megavoltage x-rays, and electrons. The process of treatment planning is summarised through beam dosimetry, target and critical organ outlining, dose planning, treatment verification, prescription and delivery. Computerised tomography is used for outlining and for verification, using cone beam CT. 0ther methods for image guided radiotherapy include fiducial markers. Increasingly intensity modulated radiotherapy is proving beneficial in reducing normal tissue damage during radical treatment. Stereotactic radiotherapy is used in the radical treatment of small unresectable malignancies. The clinical use of electron therapy, brachytherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy is described. Nuclear medicine uses unsealed radionuclides in imaging primary malignancies and their metastases, and in targeted radiotherapy. Examples include PET scanning, bone scanning, and radio iodine therapy. Whole body irradiation is used to improve outcomes after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell or bone marrow transplantation.
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Graham, Sean Alexander. Modulation of x-ray fluence patterns in cone-beam computed tomography. 2006.

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Wang, Sigen, Otto Zhou et Sha Chang. Carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technology for medical research and clinical applications. Sous la direction de A. V. Narlikar et Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.19.

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This article describes carbon-nanotube based X-ray technologies for medical research and clinical applications, including an X-ray source, microfocus X-ray tube, microcomputed tomography scanner, stationary digital breast tomosynthesis, microradiotherapy system, and single-cell irradiation system. It first examines electron field emission from carbon nanotubes before discussing carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technologies in greater detail. It highlights the enormous promise of these systems in commercial and research application for the future in diagnostic medical imaging; in-vivo imaging of small-animal modelsfor pre-clinical cancer studies; security screening; industrial inspection; cancer radiotherapy of small-animal models for pre-clinical cancer studies; and basic cancer research using single-cell irradiation.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography"

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Knapp, R., I. Bangerl et D. zur Nedden. « Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) ». Dans Advances in X-Ray Contrast, 67–80. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3959-5_10.

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Dinda, Soumitra Kumar, Prakash Srirangam et Gour Gopal Roy. « Defects Comparison Between Single- and Double-Sided Electron Beam Welded Dissimilar DP600 Steel to 5754 Al Alloy Joints : X-Ray Tomography Study ». Dans TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & ; Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 1107–16. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_103.

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Cierniak, Robert. « Reconstruction from Parallel-beam Projections ». Dans X-Ray Computed Tomography in Biomedical Engineering, 83–125. London : Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-027-4_5.

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Cierniak, Robert. « Reconstruction from Fan-beam Projections ». Dans X-Ray Computed Tomography in Biomedical Engineering, 127–47. London : Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-027-4_6.

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Čiva, Lejla M., Adnan Beganović, Mahira Redžić, Ivan Lasić, Maja Gazdić-Šantić, Amra Skopljak-Beganović, Rahima Jašić et Sandra Vegar-Zubović. « Evaluation of Computed Tomography X-Ray Beam Dose Profiles ». Dans IFMBE Proceedings, 137–41. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17971-7_21.

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Rizo, Philippe, Pierre Grangeat, Pascal Sire, Patrick Le Masson et Solange Delagenière. « X-Ray Cone Beam Tomography with Two Tilted Circular Trajectories ». Dans Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 379–86. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3344-3_47.

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Ekman, Axel, Jian-Hua Chen, Venera Weinhardt, Myan Do, Gerry McDermott, Mark A. Le Gros et Carolyn A. Larabell. « Putting Molecules in the Picture : Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-Ray Tomography to Study Cells ». Dans Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers, 1613–44. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_43.

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LeGros, Mark A., Jian-Hua Chen, Myan Do, Gerry McDermott et Carolyn A. Larabell. « Putting Molecules in the Picture : Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-Ray Tomography to Study Cells ». Dans Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers, 1367–91. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14394-1_43.

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Gros, Mark A. Le, Jian-Hua Chen, ∎. MyanDo, ∎. GerryMcDermott et Carolyn A.Larabell. « Putting Molecules in the Picture : Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-ray Tomography to Study Cells ». Dans Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers, 1–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_43-1.

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Ekman, Axel, Jian-Hua Chen, Venera Weinhardt, Myan Do, Gerry McDermott, Mark A. Le Gros et Carolyn A. Larabell. « Putting Molecules in the Picture : Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-Ray Tomography to Study Cells ». Dans Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers, 1–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_43-2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Tomography, electron beam tomography, x-ray tomography"

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Hampel, Uwe, Frank Fischer, Eckhard Schleicher, Dietrich Hoppe et Prabhat Munshi. « Ultra Fast Scanned Electron Beam X-Ray CT for Two-Phase Flow Measurement ». Dans CT2008 : TOMOGRAPHY CONFLUENCE : An International Conference on the Applications of Computerized Tomography. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2999982.

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Hampel, Uwe, Frank Barthel, Martina Bieberle, Markus Schubert et Eckhard Schleicher. « Multiphase flow investigations with ultrafast electron beam x-ray tomography ». Dans THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOWS. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3694703.

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Hampel, Uwe, et Frank Fischer. « Application of CdTe and CZT detectors in ultra fast electron beam X-ray tomography ». Dans 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging conference (2008 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2008.4775132.

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Hampel, Uwe, et Frank Fischer. « Ultra fast electron beam X-ray tomography and its application to multiphase flow measurement ». Dans 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging conference (2008 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2008.4775238.

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Bieberle, M., F. Barthel, D. Hoppe, M. Banowski, M. Wagner, D. Lucas, T. Sturzel et U. Hampel. « Ultrafast electron beam X-ray computed tomography for 2D and 3D two-phase flow imaging ». Dans 2012 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2012.6295548.

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Sturzel, T., M. Bieberle et U. Hampel. « A device for ultrafast three-dimensional x-ray computed tomography with a scanned electron beam ». Dans 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6154317.

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Wijaya, Andi, Jördis Rosc, Bernhard Sartory, Roland Brunner, Barbara Eichinger et Martin Mischitz. « Development of a Characterization Workflow for Reliable Porous Copper Films using SEM-FIB Tomography and Advanced Image Analysis ». Dans ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0277.

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Abstract The development of a characterization workflow for reliable pore characterization of porous metals especially for microelectronics applications is very important. This will help to provide design guidelines for the production and for the improved reliability of the devices. In this paper, we set up a workflow to accurately evaluate the porosity, of four different porous copper materials. The porous thin films are fabricated by using stencil printing. Within the workflow we use for the measurement non-destructive micro-X-ray computed tomography (ƒÝ-XCT) and destructive high-resolution scanning electron focused ion beam nano-tomography (nano-FIB tomography). The latter will be also used to calibrate the threshold for the ƒÝ-XCT image data, since a direct evaluation of the porosity from the non-destructively obtained ƒÝ-XCT image data due to resolution and contrast is not possible. Therefore, we develop an indirect histogram based evaluation method to get the porosity of the porous copper thin films. We validate and discuss the obtained results with respect to further studies.
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Jaypuria, Sanjib, Debalay Chakrabarti, D. K. Pratihar et M. N. Jha. « Effect of Beam Oscillations on Formation of Defects in Electron Beam Welding of Copper Plate ». Dans ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2943.

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Abstract In the present study, electron beam welding bead-on-plate of electrolytic pitched copper (ETP-Cu) plate was carried out to study the behavior of different defects formed in the weld by varying the beam oscillation amplitudes. The defects like spattering, spiking and porosity were considered in this study. Spattering and spiking phenomena were determined with visual inspection and image analysis software, respectively. Porosity measurement was conducted with X-ray tomography. Spattering was found to decrease with the oscillation amplitude up to the optimized value and then, it showed an increasing effect with it. Spatters in the weld also contributed to the pore formation in the weld by the inside pores available in it. Spiking was found to be more dynamic, and not directly related to the oscillation amplitude. But, in general, it was increasing with the increase of amplitude. Spiking was found to have a linear relationship with mean diameter of pores, which implied that a weld with the sharper spikes was more prone to large size root pores in the weld. Mean diameter and volume fraction of the pores were tending to increase with oscillation amplitude; however, there were discontinuities in the trend at the optimized amplitude value. An optimized value of oscillation amplitude was found to be useful for suppressing these defects in the weld. However, a random oscillation amplitude could be more detrimental to the quality of the weld joint.
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Tsuritani, Hiroyuki, Toshihiko Sayama, Yoshiyuki Okamoto, Takeshi Takayanagi, Kentaro Uesugi, Masato Hoshino et Takao Mori. « Application of Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Laminography to Nondestructive Evaluation of the Fatigue Crack Propagation Process in Flip Chip Solder Joints ». Dans ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73091.

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The reliability and lifetime of micro-joints on printed circuit boards (PCBs) is significantly affected by fatigue processes, including fatigue crack initiation and propagation to failure. Accordingly, the industries producing electronic devices and components strongly desire the development of a new nondestructive inspection technology, which detects micro-cracks appearing as thermal fatigue fractures in these joints. Accordingly, the authors have demonstrated that the micro-cracks in the micro-solder joints can be observed using the SP-μCT synchrotron X-ray micro tomography system. However, in order for such solder joint micro-cracks to be observable by SP-μCT, the observation object must have a diameter of less than roughly 1 mm. In this investigation, we applied a synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography system to three-dimensionally and nondestructively evaluate the fatigue crack propagation process in flip chip solder micro-joints. X-ray laminography is a technique for nondestructively observing planar objects. The optical system developed for use in X-ray laminography was constructed to provide the rotation stage with a 20° tilt from the horizontally incident X-ray beam. For this reason, X-rays were sufficiently transmitted through the planar object, in all directions. The observed specimens had a flip chip structure, in which a 10.04 mm square LSI chip is connected to a 52.55 mm (length) × 30.0 mm (width) FR-4 substrate by 120 μm diameter Sn-3.0wt%Ag-0.5wt%Cu lead-free solder bumps. A thermal cycle test was carried out, and specimens were collected at fixed cycle numbers. The same solder joints were observed successively using the synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography system at beamline BL20XU at SPring-8, the largest synchrotron radiation facility in Japan. An X-ray beam energy of 29.0 keV was selected to obtain laminography images with high contrast among component. The obtained laminography images clearly show the evolution of cracks, voids, and the Ag3Sn phase due to the thermal cyclic loading of the solder joints. In addition, the surface area of the same fatigue cracks was also measured, to quantify the crack propagation process. However, the surface area change measured by laminography differed from the crack propagation results obtained by standard SP-μCT. This difference may be due to an inability to observe some micro-cracks, due to crack closure to beneath than the detection limit of synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography. Consequently, these results demonstrate the possibility that nondestructive observation of fatigue cracks in the solder bumps on a large size electronic substrate by synchrotron radiation X-ray laminography, although its detection ability for narrow cracks may be limited, compared to SP-μCT.
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Cong, Wenxiang, et Ge Wang. « X-ray fan-beam luminescence tomography ». Dans 2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2014.6868082.

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