Articles de revues : « Topographic database »

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LAZORENKO-HEVEL, N., Yu KARPINKYI et D. KIN. « Creation (updating) digital topographic maps for the forming the main state topographic map ». Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, n^o I (1 avril 2021) : 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-113-122.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research the peculiarities of creation (updating) of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000/1:10 000 which would satisfy the requirements for the development of the seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map at the scale of 1:50 000. Methodology. The basis for the research is the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of databases and knowledge bases, International Standards and specifications and vectorization method. Results. The article examines the peculiarities of creation (updating) digital topographic maps of the scale 1:50000 for the formation of the Main State Topographic Map of Ukraine for the purpose of the creation and maintain the seamless topographic database for national needs, which is located on the Geoportal to ensure the relevance of a single digital topographic basis by topographical monitoring of the territories and for the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Ukraine. The rules of topological relations between features of the digital topographic maps of the scale 1:50 000 are also defined and given. The peculiarities of providing automated quality control of updated digital topographic maps are investigated. The creation of the seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map in the conditions of transfer the cartographic paradigm to geoinformation creates new requirements for the creation (updating) of digital topographic maps of the scale 1:50 000/10 000: creation of spatial schemes, description of the internal design of models and rules of digital description of geospatial features, unification of the features catalog and their attributes, as well as rules of topology between topographic features to ensure topological consistency of geometry in accordance with standards and specifications; creation of the “Validate” software package for checking of created (updated) digital topographic maps at a scale of 1:50 000/10 000 to ensure automated quality control of updated digital topographic maps; creation of new virtual and associated features in the TDB of the Main State Topographic Map. This will increase the intellectual level of geospatial data creation. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The creation of the Main Topographic Map Topographic Database takes into account the use of new virtual and associated features, the use of rules of topological relations between digital topographic map features, providing automated quality control of updated digital topographic maps.

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Jakobsson, A., et R. Ilves. « REINVENTING THE NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14 juin 2016) : 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-733-2016.

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The National Land Survey (NLS) has had a digital topographic database (TDB) since 1992. Many of its features are based on the Basic Map created by M. Kajamaa in 1947, mapping first completed in 1977. The basis for the renewal of the TDB begun by investigating the value of the TDB, a study made by the Aalto University in 2014 and a study on the new TDB system 2030 published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2015. As a result of these studies the NLS set up a programme for creating a new National Topographic Database (NTDB) in beginning of 2015. First new version should be available in 2019. The new NTDB has following key features: 1) it is based on processes where data is naturally maintained, 2) it is quality managed, 3) it has persistent Ids, 4) it supports 3D, 4D, 5) it is based on standards. The technical architecture is based on interoperable modules. A website for following the development of the NTDB can be accessed for more information: <a href="http://kmtk.maanmittauslaitos.fi/"target="_blank">http://kmtk.maanmittauslaitos.fi/</a>.

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Jakobsson, A., et R. Ilves. « REINVENTING THE NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14 juin 2016) : 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-733-2016.

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The National Land Survey (NLS) has had a digital topographic database (TDB) since 1992. Many of its features are based on the Basic Map created by M. Kajamaa in 1947, mapping first completed in 1977. The basis for the renewal of the TDB begun by investigating the value of the TDB, a study made by the Aalto University in 2014 and a study on the new TDB system 2030 published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2015. As a result of these studies the NLS set up a programme for creating a new National Topographic Database (NTDB) in beginning of 2015. First new version should be available in 2019. The new NTDB has following key features: 1) it is based on processes where data is naturally maintained, 2) it is quality managed, 3) it has persistent Ids, 4) it supports 3D, 4D, 5) it is based on standards. The technical architecture is based on interoperable modules. A website for following the development of the NTDB can be accessed for more information: <a href="http://kmtk.maanmittauslaitos.fi/"target="_blank">http://kmtk.maanmittauslaitos.fi/</a>.

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Faad, C. « THE IGN (FRANCE) TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE ». Photogrammetric Record 13, n^o 78 (26 août 2006) : 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1991.tb00755.x.

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Ware, J. Mark, et Christopher B. Jones. « A Multiresolution topographic surface database ». International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 6, n^o 6 (novembre 1992) : 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901930.

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Thomson, J. W., et A. P. R. Cooper. « The SCAR Antarctic digital topographic database ». Antarctic Science 5, n^o 3 (septembre 1993) : 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410209300032x.

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The Antarctic digital topographic database is the outcome of a truly international collaborative project between 11 nations. Data capture was co-ordinated in the UK, under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), during a two-year period. Over 200 maps, at scales ranging from 1:200 000 to 1:5 000 000, were digitized for the project and reference was made to a similar number of satellite images (mostly Landsat photographic products). Editing and harmonization of the data derived from the different sources has produced a seamless map of Antarctica which has the most up-to-date coastline now available. The topographic database created, to be published on one CD-ROM, will form the foundation for future GIS needs in Antarctic research. Products already derived from the database include digital elevation models and customized maps; the latter can be reproduced by research groups to meet their own mapping needs.

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Pettigrew, John D. « A database of retinal topographic maps ». Clinical and Experimental Optometry 91, n^o 1 (janvier 2008) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00227.x.

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Maas, A., F. Rottensteiner et C. Heipke. « USING LABEL NOISE ROBUST LOGISTIC REGRESSION FOR AUTOMATED UPDATING OF TOPOGRAPHIC GEOSPATIAL DATABASES ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-7 (7 juin 2016) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-7-133-2016.

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Supervised classification of remotely sensed images is a classical method to update topographic geospatial databases. The task requires training data in the form of image data with known class labels, whose generation is time-consuming. To avoid this problem one can use the labels from the outdated database for training. As some of these labels may be wrong due to changes in land cover, one has to use training techniques that can cope with wrong class labels in the training data. In this paper we adapt a label noise tolerant training technique to the problem of database updating. No labelled data other than the existing database are necessary. The resulting label image and transition matrix between the labels can help to update the database and to detect changes between the two time epochs. Our experiments are based on different test areas, using real images with simulated existing databases. Our results show that this method can indeed detect changes that would remain undetected if label noise were not considered in training.

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Maas, A., F. Rottensteiner et C. Heipke. « USING LABEL NOISE ROBUST LOGISTIC REGRESSION FOR AUTOMATED UPDATING OF TOPOGRAPHIC GEOSPATIAL DATABASES ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-7 (7 juin 2016) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-7-133-2016.

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Supervised classification of remotely sensed images is a classical method to update topographic geospatial databases. The task requires training data in the form of image data with known class labels, whose generation is time-consuming. To avoid this problem one can use the labels from the outdated database for training. As some of these labels may be wrong due to changes in land cover, one has to use training techniques that can cope with wrong class labels in the training data. In this paper we adapt a label noise tolerant training technique to the problem of database updating. No labelled data other than the existing database are necessary. The resulting label image and transition matrix between the labels can help to update the database and to detect changes between the two time epochs. Our experiments are based on different test areas, using real images with simulated existing databases. Our results show that this method can indeed detect changes that would remain undetected if label noise were not considered in training.

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Hamad, Salah. « Updating Topographic Maps at Scale 1:250000 for Libyan Territory Using Quantum GIS (QGIS) and Open Geospatial Data : Libya Topo-Project ». Journal of Geographical Studies 4, n^o 1 (13 septembre 2020) : 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.20040103.

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From the beginning of the twentieth century, topographic maps for the Libyan state carried out by various compilers, where the first mapping was carried out by the Italian Military Geographical Institute, the Soviet Union Military, and the U.S. Army, followed by mapping carried out by the Libyan state from the 1950s to the 2000s. Most of these maps have not been digitized and updated using the techniques of geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper discusses on the objectives, methodology and results of the Libya Topography Project, “Libya Topo” for updating the previously compiled topographical map at scale, 1:250000. Open spatial data from different platforms (OSM, Logistics Cluster, Landsat 8 satellite imagery, and SRTM data, etc.). Also, POIs extracted from previously compiled topographic and geological maps. Spatial database for each UTM zone created to store the features and raster. As for the cartographic style, the map layout adopted is the style of the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency maps. The results of the project are an update of 121 topographical map sheets using Quantum (GIS), those will be freely available for the interested users on request (e.g., environmentalists, academics, and university students, etc.).

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Braun, Matthias, Jefferson C. Simões, Steffen Vogt, Ulisses F. Bremer, Norbert Blindow, Marion Pfender, Helmut Saurer, Francisco E. Aquino et Francisco A. Ferron. « An improved topographic database for King George Island : compilation, application and outlook ». Antarctic Science 13, n^o 1 (mars 2001) : 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000074.

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A new topographic database for King George Island, one of the most visited areas in Antarctica, is presented. Data from differential GPS surveys, gained during the summers 1997/98 and 1999/2000, were combined with up to date coastlines from a SPOT satellite image mosaic, and topographic information from maps as well as from the Antarctic Digital Database. A digital terrain model (DTM) was generated using ARC/INFO GIS. From contour lines derived from the DTM and the satellite image mosaic a satellite image map was assembled. Extensive information on data accuracy, the database as well as on the criteria applied to select place names is given in the multilingual map. A lack of accurate topographic information in the eastern part of the island was identified. It was concluded that additional topographic surveying or radar interferometry should be conducted to improve the data quality in this area. In three case studies, the potential applications of the improved topographic database are demonstrated. The first two examples comprise the verification of glacier velocities and the study of glacier retreat from the various input data-sets as well as the use of the DTM for climatological modelling. The last case study focuses on the use of the new digital database as a basic GIS (Geographic Information System) layer for environmental monitoring and management on King George Island.

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Wang, Lihui, Le Yu et Yanhua Zhu. « Construction Method of the Topographical Features Model for Underwater Terrain Navigation ». Polish Maritime Research 22, s1 (1 septembre 2015) : 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0043.

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Abstract Terrain database is the reference basic for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to implement underwater terrain navigation (UTN) functions, and is the important part of building topographical features model for UTN. To investigate the feasibility and correlation of a variety of terrain parameters as terrain navigation information metrics, this paper described and analyzed the underwater terrain features and topography parameters calculation method. Proposing a comprehensive evaluation method for terrain navigation information, and constructing an underwater navigation information analysis model, which is associated with topographic features. Simulation results show that the underwater terrain features, are associated with UTN information directly or indirectly, also affect the terrain matching capture probability and the positioning accuracy directly.

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Wang, Guizhi. « THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (7 juin 2016) : 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-245-2016.

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National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.

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Wang, Guizhi. « THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (7 juin 2016) : 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-245-2016.

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National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.

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Pluto-Kossakowska, J. « AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF GREY INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON VHR IMAGE ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (21 août 2020) : 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-181-2020.

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Abstract. Grey infrastructure is an integral part of the urban environment. Continuous modernization of architecture, construction, routes or services in that region leads to more and more new grey infrastructure appearing. The reason for this are constant migrations of people, dissemination of a healthy lifestyle or improvement of its level. Its growth is particularly noticeable in agglomerations where keeping the balance between sealed and vegetated area is very much concerned. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor changes over time and thus update the databases containing information on land cover such as the Topographical Database. For this purpose VHR images were processed and analysed in terms of detection efficiency of topographical objects defined as grey infrastructure. This study presents the results of an analysis of the possibility of updating the land cover classes in the Topographical Database based on WorldView-2 satellite images.The methods used to detect grey infrastructure come from a machine learning approach such as Random Forests and parametric Maximum Likelihood classifier, resulting at a 90% level of accuracy.The other aim of the work was to analyse changes in the grey infrastructure on the basis of the Topographic Database at scale 1:10000 using a VHR satellite image. The analysis of its changes was carried out on the dynamically developing city of Warsaw.

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Ślusarski, Marek. « BDOT500 Database of Physical Topographic Objects – Basic Qualitative Analysis ». Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape 1 (mai 2015) : 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/gll/2015.1.69.

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Karpinkyi, Yurii, et Nadiia Lazorenko-Hevel. « GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY ». GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, n^o 92 (24 décembre 2020) : 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.024.

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The article proposes a new development concept of topographic mapping in Ukraine. The goal. It is based on the implementation of a new system model that responds to the geoinformation approach to topographic mapping in the development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and provides the creation of geospatial data sets in the form of databases and knowledge bases based on existing standards and specifications: series of International Standards ISO 19100 “Geographic information/Geomatics”, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGS), INSPIRE, National Standards of Ukraine (DSTU), Complex of Standards Organization of Ukraine (SOU) “Topographic database”. Methods. The basis for the research is the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of databases and knowledge bases International Standards and specifications. Scientific novelty and practical significance. It provides a high intellectual level of Core Reference and profile geospatial data, which is capable to provide geoinformation analysis and modeling in modern GIS. In addition, the implementation the infrastructure approach to topographic production and the creation and development of a permanent topographic monitoring system will ensure the publication of geospatial data in real time, almost simultaneously with changes in the terrain, which guarantees the maintenance of the single digital topographic basis and, accordingly, Core Reference Datasets for NSDI.

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Wagle, Nimisha, et Tri Dev Acharya. « Past and Present Practices of Topographic Base Map Database Update in Nepal ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n^o 6 (16 juin 2020) : 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060397.

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Topographic Base Maps (TBMs) are those maps that portray ground relief as the form of contour lines and show planimetric details. Various other maps like geomorphological maps, contour maps, and land use planning maps are derived from topographical maps. In this constantly changing world, the update of TBMs is indispensable. In Nepal, their update and maintenance are done by the Survey Department (SD) as a national mapping agency. This paper presents the history of topographical mapping and the reasons for the lack of updates. Currently, the SD is updating the TBM database using panchromatic and multispectral images from the Zi Yuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite with a resolution of 2.1 and 5.8 m, respectively. The updated methodology includes the orthorectification of images, the pansharpening of images, field data collection, digitization, change detection, and updating, the overlay of vector data and field verification, data quality control, and printing map production. A TBM in the Dang district of Nepal is presented as casework to show the changes in the area and issues faced during the update. Though the present digitizing procedure is time-consuming and labor-intensive, the use of high-resolution imagery has made mapping accurate and has produced high-quality maps. However, audit and automation can be introduced from the experiences of other countries for accurate and frequent updates of the TBM database in Nepal.

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Stankevičius, Žilvinas, Dominykas Šlikas et Darius Popovas. « AN EFFECTIVE DATABASE MANAGEMENT OF THE URBAN UNDERGROUND FACILITIES AND TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ». Geodesy and Cartography 41, n^o 4 (17 décembre 2015) : 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2015.1120388.

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In developed countries the most accurate and reliable spatial data (M 1:500–1:1000) are extensively used. The same spatial object could be inscribed into separate systems: utilities companies have some systems, municipality collected catalogues of CAD data, separately developed real estate map. The same spatial objects are repeated and reiterated, unreasonable costs are incurred for their storage, the customers find it complicated to determine and select the best and appropriate spatial data required just for their own needs. This article suggests the solution of the problem. Authors have introduced the idea to compose and develop information system specialized for topography and infrastructure subsequently to be merged and coordinated. The model for data storage, data provision to the customers and service activities is defined. The available electronic services for the spatial data are described as advantageous for implementation on topographic maps, for inspection and monitoring of construction projects, for the issue of permits of excavation works and for the other activities.

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Gadomski, Paweł, et Izabela Karsznia. « Ocena zakresu treści baz danych oraz map średnioskalowych wybranych agencji kartograficznych ». Prace i Studia Geograficzne 66, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2021) : 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2021-66.2-02.

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Topographic databases and general geographic maps are essential components of geographic information systems and the primary and rich spatial information source at general scales. The article presents qualitative and quantitative analyses based on the content of general geographic maps and topographic databases carried out on the example of products of selected national mapping agencies (NMAs). This research aims to verify whether the data contained in the analyzed databases and the information presented on general maps constitute the rich source of geographical and spatial information, as well as to examine how the analyzed General Geographic Objects Database (BDOO) developed in Poland differs from the selected databases of similar level of details. The results of qualitative and quantitative analyses are presented in comprehensive charts and tables, which show the obtained results in a synthetic and complex manner.

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Adebola Odeyemi, Chris. « Establishing a Digital Topographic Database Using a High Resolution Imagery ». International Journal of Science, Technology and Society 3, n^o 6 (2015) : 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20150306.12.

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Lee, S., et D. G. Evangelista. « Earthquake-induced landslide-susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, n^o 5 (26 juillet 2006) : 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-687-2006.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to apply and verify landslide-susceptibility analysis techniques using an artificial neural network and a Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to Baguio City, Philippines. The 16 July 1990 earthquake-induced landslides were studied. Landslide locations were identified from interpretation of aerial photographs and field survey, and a spatial database was constructed from topographic maps, geology, land cover and terrain mapping units. Factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from faults were derived from the geology database. Land cover was identified from the topographic database. Terrain map units were interpreted from aerial photographs. These factors were used with an artificial neural network to analyze landslide susceptibility. Each factor weight was determined by a back-propagation exercise. Landslide-susceptibility indices were calculated using the back-propagation weights, and susceptibility maps were constructed from GIS data. The susceptibility map was compared with known landslide locations and verified. The demonstrated prediction accuracy was 93.20%.

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Karpinskyi, Yurii, et Nadiia Lazorenko-Hevel. « Topographic mapping in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Ukraine ». E3S Web of Conferences 171 (2020) : 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017102004.

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The article proposes a new development concept of topographic mapping in Ukraine. It is based on the implementation of a new system model that responds to the geoinformation approach to topographic mapping in the development of national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI) and provides the creation of geospatial data sets in the form of databases and knowledge bases based on existing standards and specifications: series of international standards ISO 19100 “Geographic information/Geomatics”, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGS), INSPIRE, State Standards of Ukraine (DSTU), Complex of Standards Organization of Ukraine (SOU) “Topographic database”. It provides a high intellectual level of core reference and profile geospatial data, which is capable to provide geoinformation analysis and modeling in modern GIS. In addition, the implementation the infrastructure approach to topographic production and the creation and development of a permanent topographic monitoring system will ensure the publication of geospatial data in real time, almost simultaneously with changes in the terrain, which guarantees the maintenance of a single topographic basis and, accordingly, core reference datasets for NSDI. Publication is funded by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the International Academic Partnerships Programme from the project „Organization of the 9th International Scientific and Technical Conference entitled Environmental Engineering, Photogrammetry, Geoinformatics – Modern Technologies and Development Perspectives”.

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Wu, C., J. Liu, J. Liu et Z. Li. « Research on National 1:50000 Topographic Cartography Data Organization ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-4 (23 avril 2014) : 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-83-2014.

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Database-driven cartography technology is just appeared in China. In China, it's the first time to use this technology in such a large national terrain information database. Especially in the particular 1:50000 scale, it will face a more complex situation. To effectively address the problem, with the database-driven cartography mechanism, it is very necessary to design scientific and rational model for data organization and presentation mechanisms, to ensure that the rich geographic information of terrain data can be expressed correctly, completely and beautifully in the topographic map. This paper mainly introduces the general design of data organization model of the cartography data. It also designed and developed national 1:50000 topographic cartography production system, and gave out related application example as a test of the idea mentioned. The application example proves that the data organization model designed here is feasible and efficient in nation 1:50000 topographic map production, and greatly reducing the workload of manual editing.

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Rai, Manisha, Adrian Rodriguez-Marek et Alan Yong. « An Empirical Model to Predict Topographic Effects in Strong Ground Motion Using California Small- to Medium-Magnitude Earthquake Database ». Earthquake Spectra 32, n^o 2 (mai 2016) : 1033–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/113014eqs202m.

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We develop a model to predict the effects of topography on earthquake ground motions using a database of small- to medium-magnitude earthquakes from California. The proposed model relies on a parameter called relative elevation that quantifies topography using the elevation of a site relative to its surroundings. We also investigate an alternative parameterization of topography called smoothed curvature. We study the bias in the residuals from the Chiou et al. (2010) ground motion model with respect to these parameters and fit a model to remedy those biases. We then compare these models by assessing their goodness of fit to the data. The proposed model for topographic effects is intended as a correction to the Chiou et al. (2010) small- to medium-magnitude earthquake prediction model.

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Bekker, I., et Y. Felus. « QUALITY CONTROL FOR CROWDSOURCING LARGE SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (5 juin 2019) : 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1201-2019.

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Abstract. Crowdsourcing is an emerging methodology for spatial data collection. This methodology has been used extensively to create small scale maps such as in OpenStreetMap. However, it has rarely been used in acquiring large scale, accurate engineering data. Expert-sourcing uses methods similar to crowdsourcing except that it collects information from experts and professionals. This article describes the development steps of novel expert-sourcing methodologies for updating the national geo-spatial database (cadastre and topography) in Israel. The input data for the process are building permit maps at a scale of 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;250 created by professionals. The first step in the process was the adaptation of a national standard for digital map contents, cartography and computer format. The second step was the development of the crowdsourcing system to get the maps from mapping professionals, assess them and verify that they meet the criteria. The two challenges in this step were to design an engaging User Experience (UX) that will not require training or a user manual and to develop automatic quality control tools. The third step was the creation of a data integration process to update the national database from the various sources. The system (aka TopoCad) provides a comprehensive set of tools to support the practice of obtaining information from all the surveyors and mapping experts in Israel. The system aggregates all the information of every mapping activity (geodesy, cadastre, construction permits, mapping and GIS) in a semi-automatic process. This novel platform improved governmental procedures and made services more efficient. In addition, this innovative tool improved the national databases by updating them with new data on an on-going basis.

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Sužiedelytė-Visockienė, Jūratė. « IMPROVEMENT OF RAILWAY TOPOGRAPHIC PLANS UPDATING TECHNOLOGIES ». TRANSPORT 21, n^o 2 (30 juin 2006) : 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2006.9638052.

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Peculiar technologies on the update of topographic map linear objects to scale 1:500–1:2000 are presented. Due to that resulted peculiarities make aerial photographs, carrying out digital aerial triangulation, renewing the topographical plan. The article deals with the submitted example of the topographic plan exhibiting the renovated railway in the city of Vilnius. The updating has been made on the aerial photograph on 1:4000 scale with the photogrammetric instrument PlaniComp P3. The objects possessing no identification in photogrammetry are measured by means of a geodetic method. The redacting varied objects in a database are drawn with AutoCadsoftware. On the basis of this work it is possible to state that for fast and exact updating of topographic plans a progressive photogrammetric method is recommended. It is advised the edition data base to be made by the same operator who made photogrammetric work. The objects are visible in an aerial photo, but no identifying photogrammetry should be applied locally. Digital, renewed data are necessary for drawing up geo information systems (GIS) of the railway, to be able to make fast decisions of urgent problems.

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Paiva, L. M. S., G. C. R. Bodstein et L. C. G. Pimentel. « Influence of high-resolution surface databases on the modeling of local atmospheric circulation systems ». Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, n^o 4 (16 décembre 2013) : 6659–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6659-2013.

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Abstract. Large-eddy simulations are performed using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) code at horizontal grid resolutions as fine as 300 m to assess the influence of detailed and updated surface databases on the modeling of local atmospheric circulation systems of urban areas with complex terrain. Applications to air pollution and wind energy are sought. These databases are comprised of 3 arc-sec topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, 10 arc-sec vegetation type data from the European Space Agency (ESA) GlobCover Project, and 30 arc-sec Leaf Area Index and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation data from the ESA GlobCarbon Project. Simulations are carried out for the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro using six one-way nested-grid domains that allow the choice of distinct parametric models and vertical resolutions associated to each grid. ARPS is initialized using the Global Forecasting System with 0.5°-resolution data from the National Center of Environmental Prediction, which is also used every 3 h as lateral boundary condition. Topographic shading is turned on and two soil layers with depths of 0.01 and 1.0 m are used to compute the soil temperature and moisture budgets in all runs. Results for two simulated runs covering the period from 6 to 7 September 2007 are compared to surface and upper-air observational data to explore the dependence of the simulations on initial and boundary conditions, topographic and land-use databases and grid resolution. Our comparisons show overall good agreement between simulated and observed data and also indicate that the low resolution of the 30 arc-sec soil database from United States Geological Survey, the soil moisture and skin temperature initial conditions assimilated from the GFS analyses and the synoptic forcing on the lateral boundaries of the finer grids may affect an adequate spatial description of the meteorological variables.

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Dukaczewski, Dariusz. « Method of Elaboration of Detailed Existing Land Use (ELU) Map of Poland ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-67-2019.

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Abstract. During few last years in many European Union countries the growing interest in land use monitoring of the level of details corresponding to the Urban Atlas or CORINE Land Cover level 6 (1&thinsp;:&thinsp;10&thinsp;000 scale) was observed. This kind of information is very useful for detailed spatial analyses of multifunctional urbanized and/or industrialized areas i.e. for spatial planning. The advent of new, very high resolution satellite data, lidar and UAV multispectral data together with new possibilities of analyses allow to achieve rich, up-to-date spatial information on Existing Land Use (ELU). This kind of information is of great economic significance for public administration of local, regional and central level, as a basis for land use/land cover monitoring and analyses concerning Planned Land Use (PLU). It should be emphasized that public administration in Poland can employ the topographic database (BDOT10k) of level of details corresponding to the 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;10&thinsp;000 scale map for part of these analyses. However, it should be stressed that thematic scope of spatial information needed by public administration is in significant part more detailed or different of this, which is available in the case of topographic database (i.e. information on health and sanitary state of the forests, more in-depth classification of meadows and pastures, areas of natural succession). This way the public administration needs both detailed topographic database and detailed existing land use map, which should be wholly interoperable. The ELU map should also be harmonized with Hierarchical INSPIRE Land Use Classification System (HILUCS). Till now the Polish public administration has access to CORINE Land Cover level 3 data of 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, 2018 (for the whole territory), 1975 and 1884/1885 CORINE database of Odra river basin, CORINE Land Cover level 4 experimental database of 1995 (for fragments of south-west and south part of Poland), Soil Sealing and HRL databases (for the whole area), Urban Atlas for big cities, as well as Land Use Map of Poland of 1935&ndash;1939 (published in 1969), Land Use Map of Poland of 1977&ndash;1978 and many detailed, but local land use maps of 1916&ndash;2015 period. This data doesn’t meet the recent needs of public administration. To meet the formulated requirements it was necessary to propose the CORINE Land Cover level 6 & 5 nomenclature (harmonized in thematic scope with BDOT10k topographic database and HILUCS nomenclature), to elaborate and test the method of building and updating the databases (employing the remote sensing and in-situ data) and to formulate the guidelines. It was also necessary to analyse and to synthesise the possibilities and limitations of use an information from Polish old land use and city maps containing detailed land use information, which should be useful for detection of long-term land use / land cover changes for areas of complex functions and relatively fragile ecosystems. In the research reported here, the author proposed the CORINE Land Cover level 6 & 5 nomenclature of Poland in conformity with public administration requirements, and in accordance with CORINE Land Cover level 4 ‘Smolenice’ legend (Feranec, Ot’ahel’, 1998; European Landscape Dynamics: CORINE Land Cover Data, 2016). The classes of proposed nomenclature were harmonized with types of objects of national topographic database of Poland (BDOT10k) and HILUCS nomenclature. The author analysed, tested and synthesised the possibilities of building the CORINE Land Cover level 4, 5 & 6 databases, employing the Copernicus project Sentinel-2 and commercial WorldView-3 & 4 satellite data, as well as reclassified BDOT10k database data. The results of carried tests have demonstrated that Sentinel-2 data (together with BDOT10k data) can be used for mapping of 94,3 % territory of Poland (294&thinsp;856&thinsp;km2), while for 5,7 % (17&thinsp;823&thinsp;km2) the satellite data of better spatial resolution and BDOT10k data are necessary. The tests have revealed that in the case of CORINE Land Cover level 4 about 12 % of classes can be classified automatically, 16 % &ndash; semi-automatically and 72 % &ndash; visually (on screen). In the case of CLC level 5 only 8 % of classes can be classified automatically, 5 % &ndash; semi-automatically, but 89 % &ndash; visually. Almost 97 % of CLC level 6 classes can be classified visually, 2 % &ndash; automatically and only 1 % &ndash; semi-automatically. These statistics have demonstrated the need to apply two methods of building of ELU maps of Poland – ‘from general to detailed information’ (1) and ‘from detailed to general information’ (2). The first method is applicable when building the CLC level 4 and level 5 database, while second &ndash; in the case of CLC level 6 database. In the case of first method the main source is remote sensing data from Sentinel-2, WorldView-3 & 4, and auxiliary data is BDOT10k. The first stage is verification of most recent CLC level 3 database. The second stage is an automatic classification of selected classes of CLC level 4. The resulting masks, together with aggregated BDOT10k types of objects are employed to reclassify CLC level 3 database into the CLC level 4 database. The similar solution is applied in the case of building of CLC level 5 database. In the case of CLC level 6 database the considerable number of classes is similar to the BDOT10k types of objects and/or groups of objects. This way the first stage of second method is BDOT10k types of objects aggregation. The resulting CLC level 6 classes polygons are compared (and adjusted if necessary) with related CLC level 5 and Urban Atlas polygons. Then, employing the Sentinel-2 and WorldView-3 & 4 data, as well as available in-situ thematic databases the others CLC level 5 polygons are reclassified (or geometrically adjusted) into the CLC level 6 polygons database. Due to the need of updating of the ELU map in 4–year cycle it was necessary to propose the procedure of land use / land cover changes detection, employing NDVI, SAVI and TSAVI indexes. To facilitate the multitemporal analyses and detection of long-term land use / land cover changes, it was necessary to carry out an analysis of possibilities and limitations of use an information from Polish old land use and city maps containing detailed land use information, as well as from topographic maps of 1606&ndash;1939 period (Dukaczewski, Bielecka, 2017). The result of analysis of 2010 maps was the metadata database, including an information on number of land use / land cover classes, corresponding to the CLC level 4, 5, 6, Urban Atlas, HILUCS and types of objects of BDOT10k, respecting the Data Specification on Land Cover - Technical Guidelines (2013) schema. Proposed metadata database as well as metadata query tool are adapted for usage of Polish CLC level 5 and 6, as well as national topographic database codes, but it should be stressed that it is possible to take also into the consideration the codes employed in other CLC 5 and 6 national nomenclature and other national topographic databases. This can allow to use the proposed conception of metadata database and metadata query tool also in other countries.

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Wang, Lihui, Desheng Sun, Qingya Liu et Le Yu. « Matching area selection of an underwater terrain navigation database with fuzzy multi-attribute decision making method ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M : Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, n^o 4 (21 novembre 2018) : 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218812517.

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Selecting suitable underwater terrain navigation matching areas is a prerequisite for building an underwater terrain navigation database, which is important for vehicles operating underwater. By using information features to evaluate underwater terrain matching areas, vague sets are proposed to evaluate matching performance. Mathematical models of matching area features are built and topographic factor eigenvalues are obtained. With the topographic factor eigenvalues, fuzzy relationships between factor sets and judge sets are calculated. Vague set uses membership functions and non-membership functions to define the influence of topographic factor eigenvalues on matching suitability. Simulation results demonstrate that vague set theory can overcome the deficiency of single value in fuzzy sets and define the effect of geographic characteristics for matching performance. Based on vague set method, selection rules for terrain navigation matching areas in underwater terrain database are put forward.

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Le Bris, A., et N. Chehata. « CHANGE DETECTION IN A TOPOGRAPHIC BUILDING DATABASE USING SUBMETRIC SATELLITE IMAGES ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII-3/W22 (26 avril 2013) : 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxviii-3-w22-25-2011.

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Mackaness, William A., et Omair Z. Chaudhry. « Automatic Classification of Retail Spaces from a Large Scale Topographic Database ». Transactions in GIS 15, n^o 3 (6 juin 2011) : 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01259.x.

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Yüksel, B., et A. Yilmaz. « GEOSPATIAL DATABASE UPDATING SYSTEM with WMS and DIRECT CONNECTION METHOD ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (19 septembre 2018) : 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-737-2018.

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Abstract. The demand for up-to-date geospatial data is in an upward trend. This brings a continuous and sustainable review and update of the geospatial data itself and database design. Turkish Topographic Vector Database (TOPOVT) is the main database of Turkey consisting 1:25.000 and higher scale resolution 3D topographic vector data covering whole country. It also consists of contours and geonames. TOPOVT has been and is still being produced by General Command of Mapping of Turkey mainly from 30cm resolution stereo aerial photos and completed in the field. TOPOVT is seamless and topologic database. The updating objective is five years cycle. The first production cycle of TOPOVT in vector has been completed recently. Before the updating cycle began, a system was designed to update TOPOVT efficiently and without losing any information content. It also holds historical background of the features updated.With this topographic data update system, geospatial data can be updated rapidly and served to the users. Hereby both the process for map printing fastens and answers to the need of updated data for the TOPOVT database can be achieved. With this system, the data which will be updated can be displayed on the personal computer by TOPOVT database connection and the users can perform add, update and delete actions in the data according to their authorization. All the updates executed in the field can be monitored on the TOPOVT database in real time via internet connection.

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Ślusarski, Marek, et Magdalena Jurkiewicz. « Visualisation of Spatial Data Uncertainty. A Case Study of a Database of Topographic Objects ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2019) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010016.

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The Database of Topographic Objects (DTO) is the official database of Poland for collecting and providing spatial data with the detail level of a topographic map. Polish national DTOs manage information about the spatial location and attribute values of geographic objects. Data in the DTO are the starting point for geographic information systems (GISs) for various central and local governments as well as private institutions. Every set of spatial data based on measurement-derived data is susceptible to uncertainty. Therefore, the widespread awareness of data uncertainty is of vital importance to all GIS users. Cartographic visualisation techniques are an effective approach to informing spatial dataset users about the uncertainty of the data. The objective of the research was to define a set of methods for visualising the DTO data uncertainty using expert know-how and experience. This set contains visualisation techniques for presenting three types of uncertainty: positional, attribute, and temporal. The positional uncertainty for point objects was presented using visual variables, object fill with hue colour and lightness, and glyphs placed at map symbol positions. The positional uncertainty for linear objects was presented using linear object contours made of dotted lines and glyphs at vertices. Fill grain density and contour crispness were employed to represent the positional uncertainty for surface objects. The attribute value uncertainty and the temporal uncertainty were represented using fill grain density and fill colour value. The proposed set of the DTO uncertainty visualisation methods provides a finite array of visualisation techniques that can be tested and juxtaposed. The visualisation methods were comprehensively evaluated in a survey among experts who use spatial databases. Results of user preference analysis have demonstrated that the set of the DTO data uncertainty visualisation techniques may be applied to the full extent. The future implementation of the proposed visualisation methods in GIS databases will help data users interpret values correctly.

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Keinan, E., Y. A. Felus, Y. Tal, O. Zilberstien et Y. Elihai. « UPDATING NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA BASE USING CHANGE DETECTION METHODS ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (21 juin 2016) : 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-529-2016.

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The traditional method for updating a topographic database on a national scale is a complex process that requires human resources, time and the development of specialized procedures. In many National Mapping and Cadaster Agencies (NMCA), the updating cycle takes a few years. Today, the reality is dynamic and the changes occur every day, therefore, the users expect that the existing database will portray the current reality. Global mapping projects which are based on community volunteers, such as OSM, update their database every day based on crowdsourcing. In order to fulfil user's requirements for rapid updating, a new methodology that maps major interest areas while preserving associated decoding information, should be developed. Until recently, automated processes did not yield satisfactory results, and a typically process included comparing images from different periods. The success rates in identifying the objects were low, and most were accompanied by a high percentage of false alarms. As a result, the automatic process required significant editorial work that made it uneconomical. In the recent years, the development of technologies in mapping, advancement in image processing algorithms and computer vision, together with the development of digital aerial cameras with NIR band and Very High Resolution satellites, allow the implementation of a cost effective automated process. The automatic process is based on high-resolution Digital Surface Model analysis, Multi Spectral (MS) classification, MS segmentation, object analysis and shape forming algorithms. This article reviews the results of a novel change detection methodology as a first step for updating NTDB in the Survey of Israel.

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O'MALLEY, G. V., et G. M. HOWARD. « The 1/250 000 Digital Topographic Database of New Zealand : An Outline ». New Zealand Geographer 46, n^o 2 (octobre 1990) : 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1990.tb01964.x.

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Zhang, Meng, Wei Yao et Liqiu Meng. « Enrichment of topographic road database for the purpose of routing and navigation ». International Journal of Digital Earth 7, n^o 5 (28 août 2012) : 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2012.717110.

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Keinan, E., Y. A. Felus, Y. Tal, O. Zilberstien et Y. Elihai. « UPDATING NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA BASE USING CHANGE DETECTION METHODS ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (21 juin 2016) : 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-529-2016.

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The traditional method for updating a topographic database on a national scale is a complex process that requires human resources, time and the development of specialized procedures. In many National Mapping and Cadaster Agencies (NMCA), the updating cycle takes a few years. Today, the reality is dynamic and the changes occur every day, therefore, the users expect that the existing database will portray the current reality. Global mapping projects which are based on community volunteers, such as OSM, update their database every day based on crowdsourcing. In order to fulfil user's requirements for rapid updating, a new methodology that maps major interest areas while preserving associated decoding information, should be developed. Until recently, automated processes did not yield satisfactory results, and a typically process included comparing images from different periods. The success rates in identifying the objects were low, and most were accompanied by a high percentage of false alarms. As a result, the automatic process required significant editorial work that made it uneconomical. In the recent years, the development of technologies in mapping, advancement in image processing algorithms and computer vision, together with the development of digital aerial cameras with NIR band and Very High Resolution satellites, allow the implementation of a cost effective automated process. The automatic process is based on high-resolution Digital Surface Model analysis, Multi Spectral (MS) classification, MS segmentation, object analysis and shape forming algorithms. This article reviews the results of a novel change detection methodology as a first step for updating NTDB in the Survey of Israel.

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Yang, Shun-Hsing, Jyh-Jong Liao, Yi-Wen Pan et Peter Tian-Yuan Shih. « Landslide site delineation from geometric signatures derived with the Hilbert–Huang transform for cases in Southern Taiwan ». Open Geosciences 12, n^o 1 (29 septembre 2020) : 928–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0187.

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AbstractLandslides are a frequently occurring threat to human settlements. Along with global climate change, the occurrence of landslides is the forecast to be even more frequent than before. Among numerous factors, topography has been identified as a correlated subject and from which hillslope landslide-prone areas could be analyzed. Geometric signatures, including statistical descriptors, topographic grains, etc., provide an analytical way to quantify terrain. Various published literature, fast Fourier transform, fractals, wavelets, and other mathematical tools were applied for this parameterization. This study adopts the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method to identify the geomorphological features of a landslide from topographic profiles. The sites of the study are four “large-scale potential landslide areas” registered in the government database located in Meinong, Shanlin, and Jiasian in southern Taiwan. The topographic mapping was conducted with an airborne light detection and ranging instrument. The resolution of the digital elevation model is 1 m. Each topographic profile was decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Terrain characterization was then performed with the spectrum resulting from IMF decomposition. This research found that the features of landslides, including main scarp-head, minor scarp, gully, and flank, have strong correspondence to the features in the IMF spectrum, mainly from the first and the second IMF components. The geometric signatures derived with HHT could contribute to the delineation of the landslide area in addition to other signatures in the terrain analysis process.

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Gesch, Dean, et Robert Wilson. « Development of a Seamless Multisource Topographic/Bathymetric Elevation Model of Tampa Bay ». Marine Technology Society Journal 35, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2001) : 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788058062.

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Many applications of geospatial data in coastal environments require knowledge of the near-shore topography and bathymetry. However, because existing topographic and bathymetric data have been collected independently for different purposes, it has been difficult to use them together at the land/water interface owing to differences in format, projection, resolution, accuracy, and datums. As a first step toward solving the problems of integrating diverse coastal datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are collaborating on a joint demonstration project to merge their data for the Tampa Bay region of Florida. The best available topographic and bathymetric data were extracted from the USGS National Elevation Dataset and the NOAA hydrographic survey database, respectively. Before being merged, the topographic and bathymetric datasets were processed with standard geographic information system tools to place them in a common horizontal reference frame. Also, a key part of the preprocessing was transformation to a common vertical reference through the use of VDatum, a new tool created by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey for vertical datum conversions. The final merged product is a seamless topographic/bathymetric model covering the Tampa Bay region at a grid spacing of 1 arc-second. Topographic LIDAR data were processed and merged with the bathymetry to demonstrate the incorporation of recent third party data sources for several test areas. A primary application of a merged topographic/bathymetric elevation model is for user-defined shoreline delineation, in which the user decides on the tidal condition (for example, low or high water) to be superimposed on the elevation data to determine the spatial position of the water line. Such a use of merged topographic/bathymetric data could lead to the development of a shoreline zone, which could reduce redundant mapping efforts by federal, state, and local agencies by allowing them to customize their portrayals of the shoreline using a standard baseline elevation dataset.

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Landek, Ivan, Saša Cvitković et Milan Rezo. « Proposed changes to the CROTIS topographic model for the basic package and the object entity of hydrography ». Tehnički glasnik 13, n^o 1 (23 mars 2019) : 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190114182836.

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In 1992, the State Geodetic Administration started with the development of cartography in the Republic of Croatia. After making a certain number of studies, STOKIS (the Official Topographic-Cartographic Information System) was defined. Topographic and cartographic data models were then defined by STOKIS. According to the STOKIS guidelines, the Croatian topographic information system (CROTIS) was developed as a data model and on the basis of CROTIS, the Basic Topographic Database (TTB) was established. One thematic entity contained in CROTIS 2.0, and whose data is often used, is the object entity of Hydrography. This article will provide an insight into the need to expand/correct the TTB data model in relation to the underlying basic package and the object entity of Hydrography, all in line with international standards and the INSPIRE directive.

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Wałek, Grzegorz. « Wykorzystanie metod GIS do wyznaczania działów wodnych zlewni zurbanizowanych na przykładzie miasta Kielce ». Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, n^o 3 (15 septembre 2017) : 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.3.32.

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The paper presents the analysis of the area and reach of the Silnica river catchment and its six subcatchments delineated using GIS in three different variants: DEM (from Computerized Information System of Country Protection project; Polish: ISOK) in one-meter resolution, the Database of Topographic Objects (Polish: BDOT) in 1 : 10 000 scale and the Geodetic Utilities Network System (Polish: GESUT). A topographic map in 1 : 10 00 scale was also compared with the Map of Hydrographic Division of Poland (Polish: MPHP) and the differences in the catchment reach resulting from this comparison were also examined. The course of delineated drainage divides varied in each variant resulting in differences in the area and reach of the analyzed catchments. The best results in urban catchments delineation were obtained in GIS using DEM and corrected vector data from BDOT and GESUT databases. In this case, the catchments’ reach overlapped with the existing drainage network. Traditional methods with the use of topographic maps and data from MPHP 1 : 10 000 scale proved to be less accurate as far as the reach of the Silnica river catchment was concerned and were useless in delineating the Silnica sub-catchments in Kielce city center.

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Theilen-Willige, B. « Detection of local site conditions influencing earthquake shaking and secondary effects in Southwest-Haiti using remote sensing and GIS-methods ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, n^o 6 (10 juin 2010) : 1183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1183-2010.

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Abstract. The potential contribution of remote sensing and GIS techniques to earthquake hazard analysis was investigated in SW-Haiti in order to improve the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake related secondary effects such as landslides, liquefaction, soil amplifications, compaction or even tsunami-waves. Geophysical, topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and integrated into a spatial database using Geoinformation Systems (GIS) and image processing techniques. The GIS integrated evaluation of satellite imageries, of digital topographic data and of various open-source geodata can contribute to the acquisition of those specific tectonic, geomorphologic/topographic settings influencing local site conditions in Haiti and, thus, to a first data base stock. Using the weighted overlay techniques in GIS susceptibility maps were produced indicating areas where causal factors influencing surface-near earthquake shock occur aggregated and interfering each other and, thus, rise the susceptibility to soil amplification. This approach was used as well to create landslide and flooding susceptibility maps.

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KATO, Koichiro, Shin USUKI, Yuichi KOBAYASHI et Kenjiro T. MIURA. « Efficient Local Replacement of Point Clouds for the Multiresolution Database of Topographic Data ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2018 (2018) : 2P1—K02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2018.2p1-k02.

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Göpfert, Jens, Franz Rottensteiner et Christian Heipke. « Using snakes for the registration of topographic road database objects to ALS features ». ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 66, n^o 6 (novembre 2011) : 858–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.08.008.

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Pokonieczny, Krzysztof, et Sylwia Borkowska. « Using artificial neural network for labelling polygon features in topographic maps ». GeoScape 13, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0012.

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Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.

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Fassoni-Andrade, Alice César, Fabien Durand, Daniel Moreira, Alberto Azevedo, Valdenira Ferreira dos Santos, Claudia Funi et Alain Laraque. « Comprehensive bathymetry and intertidal topography of the Amazon estuary ». Earth System Science Data 13, n^o 5 (26 mai 2021) : 2275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2275-2021.

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Abstract. The characterization of estuarine hydrodynamics primarily depends on knowledge of the bathymetry and topography. Here, we present the first comprehensive, high-resolution dataset of the topography and bathymetry of the Amazon River estuary, the world's largest estuary. Our product is based on an innovative approach combining spaceborne remote sensing data, an extensive and processed river depth dataset, and auxiliary data. Our goal with this mapping is to promote the database usage in studies that require this information, such as hydrodynamic modeling or geomorphological assessments. Our twofold approach considered 500 000 sounding points digitized from 19 nautical charts for bathymetry estimation, in conjunction with a state-of-the-art topographic dataset based on remote sensing, encompassing intertidal flats, riverbanks, and adjacent floodplains. Finally, our estimate can be accessed in a unified 30 m resolution regular grid referenced to the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08), complemented both landward and seaward by land (Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain digital elevation model, MERIT DEM) and ocean (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans version 2020, GEBCO_2020) topographic data. Extensive validation against independent and spatially distributed data, from an airborne lidar survey, from ICESat-2 altimetric satellite data, and from various in situ surveys, shows a typical vertical accuracy of 7.2 m (riverbed) and 1.2 m (non-vegetated intertidal floodplains). The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17632/3g6b5ynrdb.2 (Fassoni-Andrade et al., 2021).

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Hu, Guo-Ping, Yong-Chun Zheng, Ao-Ao Xu et Ze-Sheng Tang. « Lunar Surface Temperature of Global Moon : Preparation of Database With Topographic and Albedo Effects ». IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 13, n^o 1 (janvier 2016) : 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2499305.

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Panecki, Tomasz. « Quantitative assessment of the scope of content of selected topographic maps of Polish lands from the 19th and the first half of the 20th century ». Polish Cartographical Review 49, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2017) : 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcr-2017-0015.

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Abstract The author presents an overview of the scope of content of selected topographic maps of Polish lands from the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in its quantitative aspect. 19 maps were analysed and a common conceptual model linked to the Database of Topographic Objects (DBTO10k) was developed on the basis of catalogues of object types. Quantitative statistics were also prepared for the object types from maps before and after harmonization. Differences between their numbers within the same maps reflect the conceptual variety of said maps. The number of types of objects (before and after harmonization) was then juxtaposed with selected thematic layers: water network, transport network, land cover, buildings, structures, and equipment, land use complexes, localities and other objects. Such factors as scales, publication dates and topographic services which created analysed maps were also taken into consideration. Additionally, the analysed maps demonstrate uneven levels of generalization. Inclusion of objects typical for large-scale cartography on topographic and general maps is one of the distinctive features.

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Alkan, M. « INFORMATION CONTENT ANALYSIS FROM VERY HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SPACE IMAGERY FOR UPDATING SPATIAL DATABASE ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (19 septembre 2018) : 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-25-2018.

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Abstract. High resolution satellite images started with IKONOS imagery. After the launch of the very high resolution IKONOS in the 1990s, a new generation of commercial Earth-imaging satellites have pioneered a new era of space imaging for observations of Earth. The IKONOS satellite image has an important place sampling range with 1m GSD. In the subsequent Quickbird satellite image, the GSD is down to 62cm and the sensitivity is even higher. Advancements in the geometric resolution of space images have improved the conditions for generations of large-scale topographic maps. With using WorldView-1, WorldView-2, and GeoEye-1, images can now be captured from space with a 0.5m ground sampling distance (GSD). The Worldview-4 display with the highest technology and resolution is being used in various application areas. WorldView-4 (formerly GeoEye-2), launched in November 2017, provides a second sensor which is capable of delivering imagery at 30cm resolution, the highest level of detail commercially available from satellite. WorldView-4 greatly expands the 30cm collection capabilities and archive growth in today’s imagery environment. Geometric accuracy and information content are the most significant components of mapping from space images. By using economical, rapid and periodic acquisition, and corresponding ground resolution, these satellites have established an alternative to aerial photos and have been widely used for various applications such as object extraction, change detection, topographic map production, and development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The utility of VHR images is dependent on their geometric accuracy and information content. Related with the study, the generally required production scale of 0.05 to 0.1mm GSD in the map scale has been confirmed. This corresponds to a topographic map scale of 1:10,000 respectively 1:5000 for 1m and 0.5m GSD images. In this study, images from IKONOS, QuickBird, WorldView-1, Worldview-2 and WorldView-4 have been used for topographic mapping. For this reason, İstanbul and Zonguldak test fields are an important area for applications of the high resolution imageries. The details which can be identified in the space images dominantly depends upon the ground resolution, available as ground sampling distance (GSD). In this study, high resolution imageries have been tested depending on the GSD and corresponding to the map scales for updating GIS database.

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