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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Total Quality Project »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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Indelicato, Greg. "Total Quality Management for Project Management." Project Management Journal 44, no. 4 (2013): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21351.

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Hides, M. T., Z. Irani, I. Polychronakis, and J. M. Sharp. "Facilitating total quality through effective project management." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 17, no. 4/5 (2000): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710010298427.

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Bialaszewski, Dennis. "Best-Practice of Reducing Risk through a Culture of Total Quality Management." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 3, no. 3 (2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2014070104.

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There have been many projects that have not met expectations or have completely failed. Yet, these projects that have not reached a desired outcome may have undergone extensive planning. However, the planning for these failed projects may have omitted some critical concepts. These projects may have employed technical tools such as Gant Charts or current project management software while neglecting the use of appropriate project management tools or neglected incorporating Total Quality Management (TQM) concepts. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, through practitioner reflection with an example, how the risk of failure may be reduced through the employment of TQM principles. The 14 points for TQM are reviewed and related to the project management processes.

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Sayed, Norhan, Mohamed Abdel Hamid, and Karim El-Dash. "Total Sustainable Evaluation for Road Projects." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 52 (January 2021): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.52.137.

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Quality of Infrastructure became indispensable to the innovation-driven development. Poor infrastructure quality means more extra costs for operation and maintenance, in addition to un-studied impacts on the surrounding environment and society. To eliminate the bad impacts and the extra costs, sustainability must be applied in all infrastructure projects. Sustainability represents one of the latest degree subjects that have various trials to connect the social science with the engineering and the environmental science with the future technology. The objective of this research is to provide an integrated sustainable evaluation system (ISES) for quantifying all impacts of road projects. The proposed evaluation system took into consideration the different phases of project including construction phase and operational phase. The different impacts of road projects were divided into three main classifications; the project economic costs to include costs of project construction and operation; the environmental impacts; and the social impacts. Furthermore, a real case study was discussed to validate the research methodology, where it was concluded that the environmental and social impacts have the main impact on project decision and according to the ISES value, the case study road has a sustainable impact on the surrounding environment and society.

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Winch, Graham, Aalia Usmani, and Andrew Edkins. "Towards total project quality: a gap analysis approach." Construction Management and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461998372484.

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Colson, Joseph S., and Edward M. Prell. "Total Quality Management for a Large Software Project." AT&T Technical Journal 71, no. 3 (1992): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1992.tb00165.x.

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Vijayabanu, C., S. Karthikeyan, and P. Vijay Surya. "Total quality management practices and its impact on Indian construction projects." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 14, no. 1 (2022): 2697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2022-0013.

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Abstract Introduction The current competitiveness in the business arena of the construction industry has forced players to improve and optimise, forcing them to adopt the iterating process of continuous improvement that ensures the adequate quality of projects, in addition to moderating the cost and time involved in their implementation, the three of which have collectively been recognised as the primary factors causing the client's approval or disfavour in relation to a project. Purpose The primary intention of the current study is to analyse the effects of total quality management (TQM) practices for construction projects and their impact on productivity, cost reduction, quality of service, customer satisfaction and Timeliness of Service by conceptualising a model using second-generation partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model (SEM) approach in Tamil Nadu. Design/Methodology The primary data have been gathered through a sample survey collected from 94 respondents from Chennai, Kanchipuram, Coimbatore, Trichy, Karur and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu through the questionnaire. The responses were collected from various professionals in the field, such as project managers, contractors, engineers, consultants and supervisors. Findings This study also confirmed a significant and positive relationship between TQM practices and the performance of construction projects. TQM factors such as Benchmarking (BM), Employee Involvement and Empowerment (EMPINV), Innovation (INNOV), Supplier Quality Management (SPQM) and Technical (TECHN) are significant in determining the project's outcome by 79.5%. Practical implications The study's finding is of utmost importance because it helps build strategies and policies for the construction industry in the global competitive scenario, in promoting credibility and in increasing customer satisfaction.

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Franz, Bryan. "Total Construction Management: Lean Quality in Construction Project Delivery." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 2 (2018): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2017-0268.

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Toakley, A. R., and M. Marosszeky. "Towards total project quality – a review of research needs." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 10, no. 3 (2003): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478467.

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Alwan, H. H., A. A. Mohammed Ali, and Y. N. Mahmood. "IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON CONSTRUCTION OF ASSYRIAN LIBRARY PROJECT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3803.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the work of construction of an Assyrian library affiliated with the University of Mosul, which was based on conditions and procedures for quality control on both the administration and the engineering aspects taking in consideration the stages of the projects during the construction. When applying the quality requirements to the project in terms of achievement and integration, it found that there was a delay in the time of site implementation, in addition to the fact that the actual data with presumed. As well as the lack of high-quality data on the machines used for construction by the company. In general, however, some criteria have yielded satisfactory results in terms of on-site work.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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Poon, Kai-jee Edward, and 潘啓智. "Total quality management in the constructed project." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128353.

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Poon, Kai-jee Edward. "Total quality management in the constructed project." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128353.

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Lewis, Cynthia J. "Implementing total quality management in the public sector." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1106.

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Parish, David Houston Jr. "Total quality management: A handbook for business leaders." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1415.

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Sherif, Khaled F. "Total quality management and construction project management in Libya." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2510.

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This thesis sought to explore total quality management (TQM) implementation and barriers that need to be overcome due to differences between societal cultures, which have become a subject of intense discussion in the wake of the globalisation of the world economy. Inter-societal cultural barriers to TQM implementation were contrasted against the accepted organisational cultural barriers, which are well documented in established literature on this topic. A case study for the analysis was taken from the Libyan construction sector, where TQM is increasingly being reported as being adopted by companies keen to solve quality problems in their industry. This research explored the barriers that exist and that have acted to hinder the adoption of TQM practices using an in-depth survey of two Libyan construction companies (A&B). The findings of this research are presented as a conceptual framework upon which proactive measure may be planned to improve TQM adoption and which may also act as a guide for further research. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to obtain primary and secondary data for the research and the TQM model framework was successfully used in a self assessment case study of companies (A&B) in Libya. The survey was able to identify critical barriers that were assessed in relation to other published data on inter-societal and intra-organisational barriers so as to identity a number of barriers unique to the Libyan case study. The overall results indicated that the case study companies were in the early stages of TQM initiatives and that there were large areas for improvement to overcome the barriers.

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Jung, Chloé Marie. "Total quality management in the auto industry: Feminine values in a man's world?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1747.

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The objective of this paper was to determine how much of the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles have been adopted by the U.S. carmakers up to now which is about fifteen to twenty years after the "race to quality" started, how the position of women in that industry has evolved over the same period of time, and if more female presence at top executive positions would better promote TQM principles.

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Worthington, Jeremiah. "Analyzing three quality management systems in relation to the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2855.

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This paper explores different quality management systems (QMS) and correlates their value in achieving success as measured by the Malcolm Baldrige Award. The three major quality management systems were reviewed, International Organization of Standards (ISO), Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma. Quality management systems are the single most powerful tool that a company can establish to create a sucessful organization.

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Alomar, Derbas Jarrah. "Quality management." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1741.

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Jokinen, T. (Tauno). "Managing quality inside a high-technology project organization." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427301X.

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Abstract This action research addresses the deployment of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles in a high-technology new product development organisation. During the period of study, the organisation grew fast. High-technology product development and hypergrowth provided a unique combination of extreme conditions for the study. The existing concepts of TQM are presented as an organised map enabling strategic analysis for an implementation plan. The history of TQM dates back to the manufacturing industry. The key differences between product development as an operating environment and the industrial manufacturing environment are described. The deployment of TQM is described from the perspective of learning theories, leadership theories, studies of organisational culture and studies of teamwork. Based on the learning, a psychodynamic model of organisation is presented for better understanding the challenges of implementation. The results show that, in these specific conditions, organisational culture and leadership are of essential importance for the implementation of TQM. The study also shows that, in the given conditions, TQM is specifically a learning challenge. The results of this study are presented as a framework supporting the selection of TQM implementation objectives and the planning of a strategy for organisational learning.

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Iskandar, Indarto. "An approach to using Total Life Cycle Cost and Total Quality Management in project management in the Indonesian Navy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA319482.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Paul J. Fields. F.B. Fassnacht. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available online.

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Livres sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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C, Nunn Philip, ed. Total quality through project management. McGraw-Hill, 1994.

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M, Quigley Jon, ed. Total quality management for project management. Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Institution, British Standards. Quality management: Guidelines to quality in project management. BSI, 1998.

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Total Quality Management International Ltd., ed. Total quality: Project team leaders pocket book. TQM International, 1995.

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Institution, British Standards. Quality management: Guidelines for quality plans : implementation of ISO 10005:1995. BSI, 1996.

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Harrington, H. J. Project change management: Applying change management to improvement projects. McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Bonnie, Brown, ed. Managing project expectations: The stakeholder quality process. Coopers & Lybrand Consulting, 1995.

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Kimbler, D. L. TQM-based project planning. Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Darnall, Russell W. "The world's greatest project!": One project team on the path to quality. Project Management Institute, 1996.

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Mawby, William D. Project portfolio selection for Six Sigma. ASQ Quality Press, 2007.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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Catalano, Thomas. "Total Quality Management (TQM)." In Application of Project Management Principles to the Management of Pharmaceutical R&D Projects. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57527-4_2.

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Yirzagla, Julius, Ibrahim K. D. Atokple, Mohammed Haruna, et al. "Impacts of Cowpea Innovation Platforms in Sustaining TL III Project Gains in Ghana." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_12.

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AbstractOver the past decades, farm-level yields of cowpea have remained low (0.6–0.8 t/ha) compared to what is observed on research fields (1.8–2.5 t/ha). Lack of farmer access to quality seeds of improved varieties and inappropriate cultural practices are the major factors responsible for the low productivity of the crop. The use of Innovative Platforms (IPs) as a strategy to facilitate farmer access to quality seeds was, therefore, considered under the Tropical Legume (TL) III and USAID Cowpea Outscaling projects in Northern Ghana. The platform activities started in 2016 with a total membership of 100, which increased steadily to 820 by December 2018. The research team of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI) trained platform members to produce certified seeds to be supplied to target communities, thereby enhancing smallholder farmers’ access to improved varieties. A total of 1848 members of the platform were trained in various farm operations. A revolving system was set up in which each farmer group was supplied with improved seed and after harvesting returned the equivalent of seed received to the platform. Having been trained to produce their own seed, members of the platform are self-reliant in acquiring improved seed and are actively engaged in various operations that sustain the gains of the two projects that have been phased out.

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Iorlamen, Teryima, Lucky O. Omoigui, Alpha Y. Kamara, et al. "Developing Sustainable Cowpea Seed Systems for Smallholder Farmers through Innovation Platforms in Nigeria: Experience of TL III Project." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_9.

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AbstractLimited access to and low use of quality seed of improved varieties rank among the topmost causes of persistently low cowpea yields in Nigeria. This paper presents experiences under the Tropical Legume III (TL III) project in facilitating the access of smallholder farmers to seeds of improved cowpea varieties through the establishment of innovation platforms (IPs) that were introduced in 2015 as part of the activities of the TL III project. There was rapid adoption and use of newly released varieties by farmers as a result of increased awareness of improved varieties through multi-media and user-friendly communication strategies and tools. During the four years of the project (2015–2018), a total of seven multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs), which comprised six seed companies, 46 farmer groups, five public seed enterprises, two NGOs, and 718 individual seed entrepreneurs and other stakeholders, were established/strengthened to link actors in the cowpea value chain. Community-based seed producers were linked to seed companies while seed companies were linked to research institutions to access early generation seed (EGS). These activities led to the production of over 532 tons of basic seed and 8366 tons of certified/QDS seed of improved cowpea varieties that were entrenched in the seed system. Yield also increased almost twofold from 500 to 900 kg/ha on farmers’ field. Women and youth incomes increased as a result of seed entrepreneurship activities. The small packs approach was an efficient and cost-effective means of reaching more farmers with affordable quantities of seed and a wide range of preferred varieties.

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Tian, Fuwei, Jiangyu Dai, Jiayi Xu, et al. "Do the Short-Term Water Diversion from Yangtze River Increase Phosphorus Bioavailability in the Water-Receiving Area?" In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_96.

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AbstractWater diversion projects have an important role in coping with water shortage and improving water quality, but they also have an impact on the ecological environment of lakes that cannot be ignored. As an important biogenic element for evaluating the primary productivity and eutrophication of lake water bodies, the influence of phosphorus by water diversion activities and its impact on the production and elimination of phytoplankton is lacking attention. In this study, we analyzed the phosphorus composition and bioavailability of the water channel and the Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu under the influence of seasonal water diversion, revealed the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of phytoplankton communities in the water receiving river and lake, and analyzed the contribution of phosphorus to the variations of phytoplankton communities and their quantitative coupling relationships. The results showed that short-term water diversion in autumn and winter did not significantly increase the concentrations of particulate phosphorus in the receiving waters, but there was a risk of increasing the concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus and dissolved organic phosphorus. The difference in total phosphorus concentrations between the diversion and non-diversion periods in Gonghu Bay was an important environmental factor influencing the phytoplankton community, and the bioavailable phosphorus could better fit the logarithm of algal cell density in all seasons, which was significantly and positively correlated with the phytoplankton cell densities. This study implies that the control of bioavailable phosphorus in the water channel can reduce the ecological risks of the water diversion project on the cyanobacterial blooms to some extent.

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Ferrari, Lorenzo, and Valentina Meliciani. "10. Public Spending for Future Generations." In Greening Europe. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0328.10.

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L. Ferrari and V. Meliciani in Chapter 10 propose a new “quality” of public spending (public spending for future generations) measure which goes beyond the traditional distinction made between public gross fixed capital formation and public current expenditure. The proposed aggregate is more in line with the objectives and policies introduced at the European level such as NextGenerationEU, which requires EU countries to spend a certain percentage of their resources on projects aimed at promoting digital and green transition, scientific research, and social cohesion. Highly indebted countries have significantly decreased the share of GDP for public spending for future generations, especially since the financial and sovereign debt crises. However, countries have not reduced their share of total public expenditure of GDP. It is suggested that national governments and the EU fiscal rules should focus more on the composition of public spending, not only public gross fixed capital formation, but also current expenditures that have long-run effects on sustainable development such as education, R&D and environmental protection.

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"Project Management Tools." In Total Quality Management for Project Management. Auerbach Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12708-5.

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"Inspection and Quality Assurance." In Total Quality Management for Project Management. Auerbach Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12708-9.

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Petrick, Joseph A., and Diana S. Furr. "Speaking With Facts: Project Dimensions." In Total Quality in Managing Human Resources. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735534-4.

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"8 Project quality management for the specialist subcontractor." In Total quality in construction projects. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tqicp.19515.0010.

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"13 Contract management adjudication: the final step in project quality management." In Total quality in construction projects. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tqicp.19515.0015.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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DANNA, PETER, and MICHAEL HERRINGTON. "Total quality management - An action project approach." In 1st National Total Quality Management Symposium. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3203.

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DIETZ, CHERYL. "Total quality management applied to project planning and control." In 1st National Total Quality Management Symposium. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3242.

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BUSCH, D. "The critical path method and the process of a project." In 1st National Total Quality Management Symposium. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3240.

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Amin, Humera, and Basheer Ahmad. "The Impact of Soft Total Quality Management Practices on Employees’ Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Project Based Organizations in Pakistan." In Project Management Development – Practice and Perspectives. University of Latvia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/pmdpp.2015.01.

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Li Zhang-bing, Liu Jian-xun, Zhao Yi-jiang, and Gong Bo. "Notice of Retraction: Design and implementation of a total quality management system for Graduation Project." In 2010 International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceit.2010.5607538.

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Chavan, Krishna B., and N. A. Hedaoo. "Identification of Attributes Based on TQM Principles Influencing Construction Quality in STP Project." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.5.

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TQM is a management philosophy where every individual working in an ideal environment towards a common goal, continuously improving the processes and in turn improving the quality of product or process. An important factor for the success of an organization in implementing TQM is its ability to translate, integrate, and ultimately implement TQM behaviors into everyday practice on the job. This study was initially conducted by investigating the quality affecting factors (attributes) from different pieces of literature on quality performances and understanding the concept of total quality management. The questions in this questionnaire are distributed among the different phases that take place during the construction. Factor analysis involved identifying a total of 55 attributes that belonged to the different phases of construction, these factors were then distributed into critical success and failure attributes based on data analysis. These critical attributes affect the Quality performance in the construction of the STP project.

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Si, Da. "The Research of a Staircase Constructed Project-oriented Teaching Method from the Perspective of Total Quality Management." In 2nd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccese-18.2018.51.

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P L Barnes. "Joint State (Kansas and Nebraska) Atrazine Big Blue River Monitoring Project." In Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22489.

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Najima, Daoudi, and Ikram Lemsalmi. "ROLE OF MODEL OF EXCELLENCE TO IMPROVE D-LEARNING PROJECTS." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-045.

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TThe learning area has undergone several changes following the technologies and web services that have emerged. Two conceptual axes have appeared, on the one hand, concepts referring to technologies, namely: e-learning, m-learning learning P-or u-learning. On the other hand, referring to Web services, including e-learning 1.0, e-learning 2.0, etc. Nowadays, d-learning has reached a mature level in terms of platforms, standards and pedagogical approaches integrated. Despite the diversity of platforms and their functions and the development of standards, the distance learning cannot reach a satisfaction level without pedagogical approaches which are, in fact, very important in any learning process. Prodigious developments in distance learning have encouraged many organizations to adopt these new environments as continuous training tools. Thus, several projects have emerged to explore these advances to create new learning opportunities for different categories unable to attend physically the courses. Despite a previous failure the d-learning projects can still succeed through appropriate measures to redress the situation. These measures cannot be the result of a simple cogitation process but rather via the implementation of a continuous improvement process in logic of total quality management. Deployment of a total quality approach is dependent on three essential elements, the appointment of a permanent team which will be leading and supervising the project, the choice of an appropriate tool which makes that kind of approach effective and efficient, and a benchmarking strategy which allows comparison between the ESI e-learning project and similar developed projects. Excellence Model: a new system for the d-learning project. The models of excellence have been developed on the basis of total quality management TQM; they may have a significant contribution to rehabilitate the d-Learning project of ESI. These models of excellence offer the advantage of having a double function: an assessment tool, and a system of orientation towards a total quality management approach, fully focused on the needs of the various stakeholders of the project.

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Tai, James C., Dennis Jang, Heather Gaffney, and John Flint. "Full Span Precast and Launching Construction in Taiwan’s High Speed Rail Project." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36096.

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Taiwan’s North to South High Speed Rail project, with total cost of US$15 Billion and design speed of 350km/hour, includes 251km of elevated bridge structure within its total length of 345km. Among the bridge structures, 73% utilize full span precast and launching concrete construction techniques to achieve speedy, shortened construction periods and better quality control. It adopted the design-build delivery method to achieve single responsibility for construction in this private participated Build and Operate then Transfer to government program. The paper will briefly explain full span precast box girder of 30 to 35 meter weighing 750 to 840 ton and launching construction with several different types of launching equipment, precasting of the box girder process, storage yard quality control and launching techniques. The plant produced a 2 day cycle for each girder and reached 48 girders per month and a placement rate of 0.7 day per span installed. The design-build methods of assuring design quality and the independent checking process will be discussed. Taiwan High Speed Rail bridge structures’ design criteria will be outlined in the presentation.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Total Quality Project"

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.

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Kopp, Gregory A., David Sills, Emilio S. Hong, and Joanne Kennell. Northern Tornadoes Project. Northern Tornadoes Flyover Project: Summary Technical Report of the Year 1 Pilot Study. Western Libraries, Western University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ntpr181.

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12 January 2018 The objectives of the Year 1 Pilot Study were to (i) develop a methodology for determining tornado occurrence in Northern Ontario, and (ii) obtain research quality data for at least one event. Because of the isolation of many regions, the approach assumed the use of radar data analysis combined with aerial surveys. These objectives were achieved. Aerial surveys were conducted for a total of seven events in Ontario and southern Quebec and 15 confirmed or probable tornadoes identified. Archival geo-tagged imagery was obtained for six of these events. Ten confirmed or probable tornadoes were identified in Ontario, five of which were not in the OSPC database. In addition, 5 tornadoes were confirmed in Quebec. For the 2017 season, the OSPC had a list of 10 verified tornadoes, as of December 21, 2017. The pilot project raises this number to 15. In total, 4 EF2 tornadoes and 1 EF3 tornado were identified via aerial photography. The remainder were EF1 or EF0. UPDATE – 23 April 2018 Based on the analysis of newly available Planet.com high-resolution satellite imagery and related tools, several events were reassessed and a number of additional tornadoes were discovered. Overall, an additional three tornadoes were added to 2017 count. The updated events are listed in a revised 2017 summary table appended at the end of this document.

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Komppula, Birgitta, Tomi Karppinen, Henrik Virta, et al. Air quality in Finland according to air quality measurements and satellite observations. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361409.

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In this report the current air quality in Finland has been assessed with air quality measurement data and satellite observations. The assessment of ambient air concentrations included following air impurities: NO2, NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2, CO, O3, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, Pb, As, Cd ja Ni. For these pollutants air quality assessment thresholds are given in air quality legislation (2008/50/EY, 2004/107/EY). Assessment has been performed for air quality zones. The main data set included air quality measurements performed in Finland during 2015–2019. Satellite observations were used as an objective assessment tool in analysis of the spatial variation of NO2 and CO concentrations. Air quality measurements show that air quality has improved in Finland in many respects. Especially the need to monitor NO2 and PM10 with continuous measurements has decreased. Growing understanding of national benzo(a)pyrene concentrations has increased the monitoring needs. Efforts to decrease ozone levels still requires international actions. SO2, CO, benzene and heavy metal concentrations are on a low level in Finland outside industrial areas and other assessment methods than continuous monitoring can be used, and the number of continuous monitoring sites has already decreased. Satellite-based concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as their spatial variation in Finland were analyzed using observations from the TROPOsperic Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The analysis of CO over Finland was carried out for the first time in this project. Results show that overall annual CO concentrations over Finland are low and spatial variability is small. Also, NO2 concentrations over Finland are rather low, but spatial patterns are more clearly visible. The highest NO2 concentrations are observed over the largest cities. By establishing a relationship between ground-based and satellite total column concentrations, surface concentrations of NO2 and CO were estimated from the satellite data for the zones. The satellite-based estimate for annual NO2 surface concentration over Helsinki metropolitan area is 28 μg/m3, and for the rest of Finland mostly between 10–15 μg/m3. For CO the differences between monitoring areas are small, with estimates varying between 160–164 μg/m3 or in other words about 0,16 mg/m3.

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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.

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Kyllönen, Katriina, Karri Saarnio, Ulla Makkonen, and Heidi Hellén. Verification of the validity of air quality measurements related to the Directive 2004/107/EC in 2019-2020 (DIRME2019). Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361256.

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This project summarizes the results from 2000–2020and evaluates the trueness andthequality control (QC) procedures of the ongoing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)and trace element measurements in Finlandrelating to Air Quality (AQ) Directive 2004/107/EC. The evaluation was focused on benzo(a)pyrene and other PAH compounds as well as arsenic, cadmium and nickel in PM10and deposition. Additionally, it included lead and other metals in PM10and deposition, gaseous mercury and mercury deposition, andbriefly other specificAQ measurements such as volatile organic compounds (VOC)and PM2.5chemical composition. This project was conducted by the National Reference Laboratory on air quality and thiswas the first time these measurements were assessed. A major part of the project was field and laboratory audits of the ongoing PAH and metal measurements. Other measurements were briefly evaluated through interviews and available literature. In addition, the national AQ database, the expertise of local measurement networks and related publications were utilised. In total, all theseven measurement networks performing PAH and metal measurements in 2019–2020took part in the audits. Eleven stations were audited while these measurements are performed at 22 AQ stations in Finland. For the large networks, one station was chosen to represent the performance of the network. The audits included also six laboratories performing the analysis of the collected samples. The audits revealed the compliance of the measurements with the AQ Decree 113/2017, Directive 2004/107/EC and Standards of the European Committee for Standardization(CEN). In addition, general information of the measurements, instruments and quality control procedures were gained. The results of the laboratory audits were confidential,but this report includes general findings, and the measurement networks were informed on the audit results with the permission of the participating laboratories. As a conclusion, the measurementmethodsusedwere mainly reference methods. Currently, all sampling methods were reference methods; however, before 2018 three networks used other methods that may have underestimated concentrations. Regarding these measurements, it should be noted the results are notcomparable with the reference method. Laboratory methods were reference methods excluding two cases, where the first was considered an acceptable equivalent method. For the other, a change to a reference method was strongly recommended and this realized in 2020. For some new measurements, the ongoing QC procedures were not yet fully established, and advice were given. Some networks used consultant for calibration and maintenance, and thus theywere not fully aware of the QC procedures. EN Standards were mostly followed. Main concerns were related to the checks of flow and calculation of measurement uncertainty, and suggestions for improvement were given. When the measurement networks implement the recommendations given inthe audits, it can be concluded that the EN Standards are adequately followed in the networks. In the ongoing sampling, clear factors risking the trueness of the result were not found. This applies also for the laboratory analyses in 2020. One network had concentrations above the target value, and theindicative measurementsshould be updated to fixed measurements.

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Usai, Jannet, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Herbal Medicines Registration Process for Zimbabwe Overview of the Process. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317434.

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Unregistered traditional medicines pose a huge public health threat as the safety and efficacy of these products is unknown. The issue this study addresses is the inadequate regulatory measures for herbal medicines in Zimbabwe. This project was done to describe the current registration process of traditional medicines in Zimbabwe, and to identify the gaps and opportunities they present to improve the regulatory landscape. Regulations and laws governing the registration of herbal medicines in the country and published research on legislation of herbal medicines were reviewed. Two parallel regulatory bodies both registering and controlling the sale of herbal medicines were identified. The Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) and the Traditional Medical Practitioners Association (TMPA) both derive their authority to regulate from the ministry of health and were established through the act of parliament which gives these authorities power to regulate the quality and sale of traditional medicines without giving a prescriptive way of doing it. The registration process, and product evaluations for the two authorities are different. While the MCAZ has a clearly defined registration process, the TMPA does not. However, MCAZ has not been very successful in registering local products with the majority of the registered herbal products being imports and only 2% of total registered products being local herbs. As a recommendation, there is need for collaboration between the regulatory bodies for consistence in quality of herbal products on the market and to improve registration of local herbal products. Developing monographs for local herbs commonly used in the country will also assist local manufacturer to fulfill the quality requirements and successful compilation of dossiers for product registration.

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Dhillon, Nathan, Andrew Hannay, and Robin Workman. Next Generation Monitoring Systems. TRL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/npwb2214.

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Survey vehicles, operating at traffic-speed, are deployed across the road network to assess the condition of road pavements. These apply high-quality (and high cost) equipment to measure condition. However, significant progress has been made in the development of low-cost sensors and data collection units that may have potential for application in highways. This project has aimed to understand the capabilities of this emerging technology. The project explores the technologies and combines a Raspberry-Pi based Data Acquisition System, compact camera, GPS, inertial measurement system, Wifi and 4G GSM comms and a low-cost Solid State LiDAR into a prototype device. The total cost is a few hundred pounds. Trials characterise the prototype system. Although the solid-state LiDAR sensors are not found to be robust in this application, the remaining sensors show strong potential for use in road condition assessment. A wider trial of the prototype system in a potential application – the measurement of roughness (IRI) on developing world road networks – was carried out in El Salvador. The prototype shows comparable performance with alternatives, combined with higher levels of practicality and capability, and the potential for higher levels of consistency through a common low-cost measurement platform. In the light of this research, it is felt that, following refinements to the prototype, the initial application for the device would be for condition surveys in developing world nations.

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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.

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Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong, and Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.

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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction between selected LAB and an E. coli strain tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in buffered RF. Results indicated that both LAB inoculants and E. coli survived in the RF for several days; both LAB inoculants and LAB-treated silages did not affect survival of E. coli in rumen fluid in vitro. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the performance of high-lactating cows (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillusbuchneri40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarumMTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcuspentosaceus30168 (PP), each applied at 10⁶ cfu/g FM. The silages were included in the TMR of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. All baled silages were of good quality. The LB silage had the numerically highest acetic acid and were the most stable upon aerobic exposure. The cows fed the LB silages had the highest daily milk yields, percent milk fat and protein. The microbiome of baled wheat silages and changes during ensiling of wheat and corn (Sela et al., The Volcani Center). Bacterial community of the baled silages was dominated mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 with 300 other genera at very low abundance. Fungal community was composed mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Candida and Monascuswith 20 other genera at very low abundance. In addition, changes in the microbiome during ensiling of wheat and corn with and without addition of L. plantarumMTD1 was studied in mini-silos. Overall 236 bacterial genera were identified in the fresh corn but after 3 months Lactobacillus outnumbered all other species by acquiring 95% of relative abundance. The wheat silage samples are still under analysis. The effect of applying LAB inoculants at ensiling on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in alfalfa and corn silages(Adesogan et al., University of Florida). E. coli (10⁵ cfu/g) was applied to fresh alfalfa and corn at ensiling with or without L. plantarumor L. buchneri. The pathogen was added again after about 3 moths at the beginning of an aerobic exposure period. The inoculants resulted in faster decrease in pH as compared with the control (no additives) or E. coli alone and therefore, the pathogen was eliminated faster from these silages. After aerobic exposure the pathogen was not detected in the LAB treated silages, whereas it was still present in the E. coli alone samples. 5. The effect of feeding corn silage treated with or without L. buchnerion shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by dairy cows (Adesogan et al., UFL). BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 2 of 12 Five hundred cows from the dairy herd of the University of Florida were screened for E. coli shedding, out of which 14 low and 13 high shedders were selected. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 for 21 days. The TMR included corn silage treated with or without L. buchneri. The inoculated silages were more stable upon aerobic exposure than the control silages; the silage inoculant had no significant effect on any milk or cow blood parameters. However, the silage inoculant tended to reduce shedding of E. coli regardless of high or low shedders (p = 0.06). 6. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the rumen microbiome (Mizrahi et al., BGU). Rumen fluid was sampled throughout the feeding experiment in which inoculated wheat silages were included in the rations. Microbial DNA was subsequently purified from each sample and the 16S rRNA was sequenced, thus obtaining an overview of the microbiome and its dynamic changes for each experimental treatment. We observed an increase in OTU richness in the group which received the baled silage inoculated with Lactobacillus Plantarum(LP). In contrast the group fed Lactobacillus buchneri(LB) inoculated silage resulted in a significant decrease in richness. Lower OTU richness was recently associated in lactating cows with higher performance (Ben Shabatet al., 2016). No significant clustering could be observed between the different inoculation treatments and the control in non metric multi-dimentional scaling, suggesting that the effect of the treatments is not the result of an overall modulation of the microbiome composition but possibly the result of more discrete interactions. Significant phylum level changes in composition also indicates that no broad changes in taxa identity and composition occurred under any treatment A more discrete modulation could be observed in the fold change of several taxonomic groups (genus level analysis), unique to each treatment, before and after the treatment. Of particular interest is the LB treated group, in which several taxa significantly decreased in abundance. BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 3 of 12

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Brown, Yolanda, Twonia Goyer, and Maragaret Harvey. Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission Frequency, Rates, and HF Classification. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2020.0002.

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30 Day Hospital Readmission Rates, Frequencies, and Heart Failure Classification for Patients with Heart Failure Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide among patients. Both the incidence and the prevalence of heart failure are age dependent and are relatively common in individuals 40 years of age and older. CHF is one of the leading causes of inpatient hospitalization readmission in the United States, with readmission rates remaining above the 20% goal within 30 days. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services imposes a 3% reimbursement penalty for excessive readmissions including those who are readmitted within 30 days from prior hospitalization for heart failure. Hospitals risk losing millions of dollars due to poor performance. A reduction in CHF readmission rates not only improves healthcare system expenditures, but also patients’ mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this DNP project is to determine the 30-day hospital readmission rates, frequencies, and heart failure classification for patients with heart failure. Specific aims include comparing computed annual re-admission rates with national average, determine the number of multiple 30-day re-admissions, provide descriptive data for demographic variables, and correlate age and heart failure classification with the number of multiple re-admissions. Methods A retrospective chart review was used to collect hospital admission and study data. The setting occurred in an urban hospital in Memphis, TN. The study was reviewed by the UTHSC Internal Review Board and deemed exempt. The electronic medical records were queried from July 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 for heart failure ICD-10 codes beginning with the prefix 150 and a report was generated. Data was cleaned such that each patient admitted had only one heart failure ICD-10 code. The total number of heart failure admissions was computed and compared to national average. Using age ranges 40-80, the number of patients re-admitted withing 30 days was computed and descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Microsoft Excel and R. Results A total of 3524 patients were admitted for heart failure within the six-month time frame. Of those, 297 were re-admitted within 30 days for heart failure exacerbation (8.39%). An annual estimate was computed (16.86%), well below the national average (21%). Of those re-admitted within 30 days, 50 were re-admitted on multiple occasions sequentially, ranging from 2-8 re-admissions. The median age was 60 and 60% male. Due to the skewed distribution (most re-admitted twice), nonparametric statistics were used for correlation. While graphic display of charts suggested a trend for most multiple re-admissions due to diastolic dysfunction and least number due to systolic heart failure, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and number or multiple re-admissions (Spearman rank, p = 0.6208) or number of multiple re-admissions and heart failure classification (Kruskal Wallis, p =0.2553).

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