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1
Tsybulsky, V. V. « METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF INVESTIGATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES COMMITTED BY TRAFFIC POLICE OFFICERS ». Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no 4 (12 août 2021) : 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-4-711-716.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Corruption crimes committed by traffic police officers have features that distinguish them from other corruption crimes. These features are important for solving the issue of effective detection and investigation of crimes of this type. At the same time, special attention in the investigation should be paid to how traffic police officers use official powers granted to them by law, as well as to what subjective rights are granted as a result of their abuse of these powers. It is noteworthy that the official powers act in the course of committing corruption crimes by traffic police officers as a means of crime, as well as in some cases as an incentive to commit a specific crime of this type. In this regard, already at the initial stage of the investigation, the investigator must be ready to resist the perpetrators of the crime to establish all the circumstances of the crime. In accordance with these features, the private methodology for investigating corruption crimes committed by traffic police officers should include recommendations that take into account the specifics of the commission of these corruption crimes.
2
Takyi, Emmanuel A., Seun Daniel Oluwajana et Peter Y. Park. « Development of Macro-Level Crime and Collision Prediction Models to Support Data-Driven Approach to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS) ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no 33 (17 juin 2018) : 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777356.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The number of violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions concerns many jurisdictions. Traditional enforcement tactics are often reactive, relying on historical crime and collision data to select locations for law enforcement. Advanced law enforcement tactics take a proactive approach. Such tactics include Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS), which uses predicted numbers of crimes and collisions to identify locations for law enforcement. This DDACTS study was conducted in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The research developed macro-level prediction models to predict violent crimes and collisions in each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) in Regina. The zonal nature of the analysis is important for overcoming confidentiality and privacy issues associated with violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions. Fifty-four input variables were used to describe each TAZ’s crimes, collisions, socio-demographic, road inventory, traffic, and land use characteristics. The analysis used negative binomial regression coupled with the empirical Bayes method (a popular approach in transportation, but relatively new to crime mapping) to develop two statistical models that predict the long-term mean value for the number of violent crimes/collisions per zone. Cumulative residual plots were used as the main goodness-of-fit test. The findings are summarized on a map showing the top ten hotzones for violent crimes, the top ten hotzones for fatal-injury collisions, and the zones where the crime and collisions zones overlap. The overlapping zones are the DDACTS zones. By focusing law enforcement in the DDACTS zones, it may be possible to reduce violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions simultaneously and use limited resources more cost effectively.
3
Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh, Naema, Leila Kouchakinezhad-Eramsadati, Maryam Tavakkoli, Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Ali Davoudi Kiakalayeh et Enayatollah Homaie Rad. « Mortalities and morbidities due to traffic accidents : the unknown criminal ». International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 11, no 1 (12 mars 2018) : 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-09-2017-0046.
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Purpose Studying the relationship between crime and traffic accidents in different geographical regions is very critical since varying relationships have been reported to exist in diverse areas. The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between crime with injuries and deaths due to road traffic accidents in Iran. Design/methodology/approach In this study, macro-level panel data between 2007 and 2013 were used. The number of folders due to crimes in each province was used as explanatory variables to show the amount of crime in each province. The number of fatal and injury death was used as outcome variables. The models were estimated using fixed effect panel regression estimator. Findings The results of this study showed that the number of records in courts (Cr) had a significant positive relationship with fatal accidents (coefficient=0.006). In the injury accidents model, Cr coefficient was 0.008 and significant. In addition, GINI had positive relationship with fatal accidents (coefficient: 1.396), while it had no significant relationship with injury accidents. Originality/value A positive association was found between crime and mortalities and morbidities due to traffic accidents. Traffic accidents and crimes are derived from a similar nature. So traffic accidents could be categorized as crime and it is important to increase more prohibitions to decrease traffic accidents. Prevention programs should focus on population groups with high social distinction and criminals, especially traffic offenses.
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Bonkiewicz, Luke. « Exploring how an area’s crime-to-cop ratios impact patrol officer productivity ». Policing : An International Journal of Police Strategies & ; Management 39, no 1 (21 mars 2016) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2015-0064.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the combined crime rate and staffing levels of a patrol area affect patrol officers’ productivity. Specifically, the author identified and analyzed two macro-level correlates of patrol officer productivity: reported violent crimes per officer and reported property crimes per officer (a beat’s “crime-to-cop” ratios). Design/methodology/approach – Using hierarchical linear modeling, the author estimated the effects of a patrol area’s violent crimes per officer ratio and property crimes per officer ratio on the annual number of traffic citations, warrants, misdemeanor arrests, and felony arrests generated by patrol officers (n=302). The author also examined the effect of these crime-to-cop ratios on a more advanced productivity metric. Findings – The results suggest that a patrol area’s rate of property crimes per officer is associated with a moderate decrease in an officer’s annual number of traffic citations, warrant arrests, and misdemeanor arrests; a patrol area’s rate of violent crimes per officer is also associated with a moderate decrease in an officer’s annual number of traffic citations; and a patrol area’s rate of violent crimes per officer is associated with a moderate increase in an officer’s annual number of warrant and misdemeanor arrests. Notably, the crime-to-cop ratios are not correlated with a more sophisticated patrol productivity metric. Research limitations/implications – The author analyzed data from a mid-sized US police department that uses a generalists policing style. It is unknown if these results translate to smaller or larger police departments, as well as those agencies practicing a specialized policing style. Practical implications – The findings suggest that police scholars should not only recognize how the crime-to-cop ratios of a patrol area might impact patrol officer productivity, but also incorporate more sophisticated metrics of patrol officer activity in future studies. These findings likewise signal to police practitioners that an area’s crime-to-cop ratios should be considered when allocating officers and other resources across patrol areas. Originality/value – To the authors knowledge, this is the first study to identify and examine the link between a patrol area’s crime-to-cop ratios and patrol officer productivity.
5
Khaerany, Radillah, et Maskun Maskun. « Global Cooperation in Combating Sea Piracy : The Factors behind Global Piracy Trends ». Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no 2 (30 août 2016) : 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i2.305.
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The rising number of sea travel is followed by the emerging number of sea crimes such as sea piracy and maritime terrorism. In recent two decades, the number of crimes on the sea have shown an alarming figure, where areas with a dense traffic of vessels such as the Gulf of Aden and Malacca Strait becomes the hot spots for piracy crime. The main reason behind the emerging of modern piracy is the increasing number of sea transported goods which create a significant opportunity to be a huge target of crime considering the drives behind piracy is financial reason. Some area of sea piracy took place commonly in Africa and Southeast Asia.
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Khaerany, Radillah, et Maskun Maskun. « Global Cooperation in Combating Sea Piracy : The Factors behind Global Piracy Trends ». Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no 2 (30 août 2016) : 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n2.305.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The rising number of sea travel is followed by the emerging number of sea crimes such as sea piracy and maritime terrorism. In recent two decades, the number of crimes on the sea have shown an alarming figure, where areas with a dense traffic of vessels such as the Gulf of Aden and Malacca Strait becomes the hot spots for piracy crime. The main reason behind the emerging of modern piracy is the increasing number of sea transported goods which create a significant opportunity to be a huge target of crime considering the drives behind piracy is financial reason. Some area of sea piracy took place commonly in Africa and Southeast Asia.
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Vashkevich, Alla Vasilyevna, Aleksander Vladimirovich Nikishkin, Boris Vasilyevich Epifanov, Ramin Anatolievich Ramazanov et Victoria Anatolievna Smorodina. « Problems of determining the mental element in crime under article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ». SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021) : 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It should be mentioned that any particular traffic accident is most often a concurrence of a number of causes and factors associated with any of the subsystems “Driver – Car – Road – Environment”. As evidenced by judicial practice, crimes under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are traditionally qualified by courts as committed in a careless form of guilt in the form of criminal flippancy. However, there may exist doubts about the correct assessment of the mental element in these crimes. The main question is if these crimes were intentional. The relevance of the study is conditional upon the need to develop a system of prevention of road traffic injuries and improve the effectiveness of measures to prevent them. The purpose of the study is to analyze theoretical problems and the results of empirical observation for road safety. This article is devoted to the relevant problem of accurate determination of the form of guilt in violation by the person driving the vehicle of road traffic regulations on the example of the analysis of the crime under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of road traffic regulations and the rules of operation of vehicles.” In the preparation of the article, general scientific methods (dialectical, logical, socio-scientific method, method of system analysis) and interdisciplinary methods (sociological, statistical, method of the research of specific facts) were used. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to deeply analyze and interpret the practical application of the provisions of Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identify the problem of accurate determination of the form of the guilt of the mentioned act committed by the person driving the vehicle when violating road traffic regulations or the rules operation of vehicles.
8
Kirilenko, Fedir. « CRIMES RELATED TO TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS IN 1960–2018 ». NAUKA I PRAVOOKHORONA, no 1 (2020) : 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36486/np.2020.1(47).24.
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Chernyshenko, E. V. « The method of committing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in correctional facilities of the Federal Penal Service of Russia ». Penitentiary science 13, no 3 (9 décembre 2019) : 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2019-13-3-391-397.
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The article discusses the peculiarities of the committing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in correctional institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia. The author conducted a study of the materials of criminal cases on crimes of the type in question as well as a survey of employees of the penal system, which allowed us to establish a list of the most common ways of committing illicit traffic in narcotics and psychotropic substances. The choice of a specific method of committing a crime is determined by a number of factors: the features of the territory of the FSIN institutions of Russia, the establishment of constant supervision and protection of convicts, the use of special forces and means to detect various prohibited items, including narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It should be noted that crimes of this type are most often committed by prior conspiracy by a group of persons, which includes a convict serving a sentence in a correctional institution and coordinating the actions of group members by means of mobile communications. Illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances occupies a leading position in the structure of penal crime and poses a huge problem for the penitentiary system: it has a negative impact on the regime, operational environment and can provoke the commission of other crimes, including grave and especially grave ones such as against persons serving a sentence of imprisonment as well as against staff of institutions. A comprehensive study of the method of committing crimes of this type allows you to develop effective methods of counteraction and investigation.
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S.V., Babenko. « Features of prosecutor’s supervision over the investigation of crimes on railway transport ». Russian justice 1 (28 janvier 2021) : 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/0131-6761-2021-1-40-43.
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The article deals with certain issues of the organization of Prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of legislation on traffic safety and operation of transport infrastructure, in particular, the specifics of supervising the investigation of crimes on railway transport. The main violations on railway transport and the reasons contributing to them are shown. Revealing the causes of crime at transport infrastructure facilities, the author makes suggestions for improving law enforcement activities in transport.
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Crosetta, Monica L., Paul House, Jesse Parmar, Christine McComb, Elizabeth Pritchard et Geoffrey Barnes. « The relationship between traffic and non-traffic offending in Western Australia ». Journal of Criminology 54, no 2 (9 mars 2021) : 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865821995860.
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Self-selection policing is an approach whereby serious underlying criminality is detected by an offender’s minor crimes (known as trigger offences). Strategic offences are offences that indicate an increased likelihood that the associated offender will engage in later offending. The purpose of this study was to determine if first-time serious traffic offending in Western Australia indicates previous and/or future non-traffic criminality, thereby demonstrating the utility of serious traffic offences as trigger offences and strategic offences. The authors collated the crime data of all first-time serious traffic offenders in Western Australia between December 2004 and December 2014. Using this data, survival analyses were conducted to determine if and when a first-time serious traffic offender committed an initial non-traffic offence within 10 years of their first serious traffic offence. When comparing this data to data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the authors found that first-time serious traffic offenders are more likely than the average Western Australian to have a previous or future initial non-traffic offence. Some groups of first-time traffic offenders were more likely to commit non-traffic offences than others including males, individuals under the age of 25, drug drivers and drivers without authority. These results support the use of first-time serious traffic offences as trigger/strategic offences and could be used to identify and divert traffic offenders with versatile criminal histories and traffic offenders at risk of future criminal activity.
12
KIM YEON JOO. « Contemplation on the Awareness of theIllegality of Traffic Crimes ». Dankook Law Riview 40, no 1 (mars 2016) : 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2016.40.1.013.
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Brzezińska, Joanna. « La criminalité féminine au Canada selon les statistiques ». Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no 2 (2 décembre 2019) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.2.11-26.
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<p>The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of woman’s crime in Canada from the perspective of statistical data analysis. For this reason, the statements regarding the frequency of the studied phenomenon in three research periods were presented: 1975–1981, 1984–1994 and 1999–2009. The Canadian woman perpetrators were found to have established categories of crimes (property crimes, violent crimes), the frequency of which has changed during the periods under investigation. In the context of the studies carried out, in particular, the phenomenon of the increase in the frequency of woman’s offences committed using violence, remains a matter of concern. This fact indicates an increase in the pathologization of their behaviours. Moreover, in the last research period (1999–2009) there were also new trends in the criminal activity of women – road traffic offences and offences involving drugs and narcotic drugs, however, their level was not high.</p>
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Jovašević, Dragan. « The Crimes Against Legal Traffic in Law of Republic Of Serbia // Krivična dela protiv pravnog saobraćaja u pravu Republike Srbije ». Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 8, no 8 (24 juillet 2018) : 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1808088j.
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In a separate part of the criminal law of the Republic of Serbia, pursuant to the provisions of the Criminal Code issued in 2005, with a number of amendments, the special place, role and importance are the crimes of forgery (forgery) of documents. They were systematized for the first time in a special group called: “Criminal offenses against legal traffic” according to the object of their criminal protection. Depending on the type of documents: private, public or official, different forms and types of manifestation of these crimes are often distinguished, which often represent the means or means for the commission of others, primarily commercial or official (corruption) crimes, or for their concealment and difficult proof . In this paper, from the aspect of legislation, legal theory and case law, the concept, elements, characteristics and forms of manifestation of certain criminal offenses against legal traffic in the Republic of Serbia are analyzed.
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Lee, Jaekyoung, et Sulki Chung. « The Relationship between Alcohol Outlets and Alcohol Related Traffic Crimes ». Journal of Korean Alcohol Science 17, no 2 (31 décembre 2016) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15524/ksas.2016.17.2.001.
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Lee, Jaekyoung, et Sulki Chung. « The Relationship between Alcohol Outlets and Alcohol Related Traffic Crimes ». Journal of Korean Alcohol Science 17, no 2 (31 décembre 2016) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15524/ksas.2016.17.2.1.
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PALMER, Wayne. « Prosecuting Corporate Crime in Indonesia : Recruitment Agencies that Traffic Migrant Workers ». Asian Journal of Comparative Law 15, no 1 (11 mai 2020) : 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2020.5.
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AbstractThis article examines the legal and political context for prosecuting corporate crime in Indonesia. It presents a case study of the landmark case in which a migrant labour recruitment agency was successfully prosecuted for human trafficking. This article explains the rationale and motivation of the prosecution in four sections. First, it considers the development and purpose of corporate liability as a legal concept to foreground the second section, which outlines the legal and policy framework for pursuing corporations that commit crime in Indonesia. This section also offers a detailed discussion about how individuals have been proceeded against in human trafficking cases that involve corporations. Third, this article presents a case study of the first and only instance where a corporation was successfully prosecuted for human trafficking to highlight the sequence of events that made the effort possible. Fourth, the discussion that follows identifies the prosecution's motivations for bringing the case, and makes empirical conclusions about the purpose of prosecuting corporations for human trafficking through the Indonesian legal system. In conclusion, this article argues that the institutional drive to punish corporate involvement in economic crime has created the necessary systems to seek the punishment of a wider range of other corporate crimes, including human trafficking.
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Gutorova, Nataliya, et Oleksandra Rudnyeva. « Preventative role of criminal law for traffic safety ». SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019) : 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196801012.
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The purpose of the article is to raise awareness of and stimulate serious discussion about the necessity to improve the preventative role of criminal law in the field of traffic safety by adjusting criminal liability for crimes in this area, and determining the proportional amount of force that may be used by the police in order to stop the vehicle and detain the offender.
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Bloshchynskyi, Ihor. « Peculiarities of us Border Guard Officers’ Training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Using Online Campus ». Comparative Professional Pedagogy 5, no 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0066.
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Abstract Professional training of future US border guard officers at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center using e-FLETC Online Campus has been substantiated in the article. Special attention has been paid to revealing such topical areas of Online Campus computer-based training modules (crime scene, driver training, drugs, firearms, health, interviewing, investigative, legal, mapping, maritime, officer safety, technology, terrorism, traffic stops, training) that include over 120 lessons and 20 videos which are available on a wide range of topics. Web-based training lessons which include topics such as counterterrorism, crime scene preservation and documentation, disaster, crisis and emergency strategies and management, domestic violence, drug endangered children, drug related crimes, elder abuse, firearms, fitness and healthy lifestyles, human trafficking, interacting with special needs populations, intelligence led policing, interpersonal skills and conflict management, interviews and interrogations, investigating technology related crimes (protecting and collecting digital evidence), investigative skills and techniques, knowledge of laws and regulations, leadership and management, lessons learned (previous case analysis), maritime law enforcement, etc. have been revealed. Besides, examples of “Firearms” and “Use of Force” curricula in e-FLETC Online Campus have been presented.
20
Medytskyi, I. B. « Humanitarian And Socio-Economic Consequences Of Motorization In Ukraine : The Criminogenic Aspect ». Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no 50 (11 juin 2019) : 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.50.62-76.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article substantiates the necessity of obligatory consideration of criminological information on the consequences of motor crimes in order to increase the effectiveness of criminological and criminal legal policies. Criminologically relevant information on the consequences of motor vehicle crime is characterized by its incompleteness and fragmentation, without giving an idea of the true «price» of this variety for Ukrainian society. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the consequences of the phenomenon, the attention was paid to the scale and social danger of motor crime in modern conditions.
Based on the analysis of statistical information of the courts and law enforcement agencies over the past five years, the level of road traffic injuries is outlined, the dynamics compared to the previous year is revealed, the characteristics of the victims of criminal offenses in the field of road safety and transport operation are specified, the size of the caused material and moral damage. In the criminogenic context, an analysis of the humanitarian (the number of dead and injured as a result of road accidents) and the socio-economic consequences of motorization in the country (the cost of human life and the total losses from road accidents).
Existing approaches to determining the cost of human life and the overall level of losses to the state as a result of road accidents have been systematized. Taking into account the average life expectancy, macroeconomic indicators of the state development, the average age of those killed as a result of criminal violations of traffic safety rules or the operation of transport, and the number of victims, the total economic losses for the society for 2018 were determined.
It has been stated that the practice of application by the courts of separate criminal law rules on crimes against traffic safety and operation of transport does not correlate with the declared Criminal Code of Ukraine for the purpose of punishment for the committed, as well as general and special prevention.
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Ediwarman et Wessy Trisna. « Criminology Perspective on Marine Criminal Acts in Malacca Strait ». Environmental Policy and Law 50, no 4-5 (12 mars 2021) : 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200249.
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The article discusses the Indonesian Waters Act (No. 17 of 1985) and its use in the context of criminal acts in the Malacca Strait. According to Indonesia’s Maritime Security Agency, more than 9,000 vessels passed through the Malacca Strait during March 2016. This level of traffic is often a magnet for those intending to engage in crimes. The article concludes that, having ratified the UNCLOS Convention in 1982, it is essential to create a specific body with authority over the Indonesian Malacca Strait and to renew the laws on the continental borderline at Malacca Strait with the other littoral States in the interests of crime prevention.
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Dhiba, Hana Farah. « The Phenomenon of People Smuggling in the Lens of Indonesian Immigration : Efforts for Handling and Collaborating with Institutions in Handling it ». Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, no 1 (28 mai 2019) : 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i1.157.
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People Smuggling or also known as human smuggling is a crime against humanity that is increasingly happening. Indonesia is one of the countries with a high number of people smuggling crimes and it is very potential. The phenomenon of People smuggling in Indonesia is closely related to immigration. This is because the crime of people smuggling involves immigration factors including traffic entering and leaving Indonesia, foreign citizens, Indonesian citizens and State sovereignty. Therefore, the importance of law enforcement and optimal eradication efforts need to be done by realizing various collaborations between institutions and between ministries so that people smuggling crime practices in Indonesia can be suppressed and minimized for the realization of national and state security guarantees. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research and normative juridical approach. From the research results, it can be seen that the People Smuggling Crime is a transnational crime that threatens the country from two sides, from outside and inside. From the outside, human smuggling is carried out by illegal foreign immigrants who make Indonesia a transit area. Meanwhile, the internal threat is the practice of people smuggling carried out by Indonesian citizens who want to work as Migrant Workers abroad through illegal channels or also known as Non-Porsedural TKI or Illegal Migrant Workers (TMI). With these two threats, it is necessary to pay more attention to eradicating these crimes. The implementation of cooperation between institutions is one of the answers to existing problems.
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Kolosnitsyna, M. G., N. A. Khorkina et A. Yu Volkov. « Alcohol consumption externalities : An impact of alcohol policies on crime rates ». Voprosy Ekonomiki, no 3 (28 mars 2018) : 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-3-130-152.
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Alcohol is traditionally considered by economists as an addictive good. Its consumption is often connected to irrational behaviours as well as negative external effects: growth of crime rates, traffic, occupational, and home accidents, fires. That is why most countries with high levels of alcohol consumption introduce special policy measures to reduce it and, as a result, its negative impact on society. In recent decade these policies were also adopted in Russia. This paper analyzes an impact of alcohol policy measures on crime rates. Empirical study is based on econometric analysis of panel data on Russian regions in 2003-2015. The results confirm effectiveness of temporal restrictions on alcohol sales in regard to juvenile and adult crime. Increasing price of vodka due to higher rates of excise tax reduces a number of crimes by teenagers. Meanwhile, price measures do not influence crime rates among adults.
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Anugerah, Nilam Rizky, et Surya Pranata. « LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST IMMIGRATION CRIMES ». Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, no 2 (25 décembre 2019) : 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i2.175.
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the development of information technology, communication and transportation are tendency in terms of increasing relations between nations globally which drives human traffic between countries, giving rise to the complexity of the problems of human mobility between countries. Based on selective policy that upholds the value of human rights, regulated entry of foreigners into the territory of Indonesia, so also for foreigners who obtain a residence permit in the territory of Indonesia must be in accordance with the intent and purpose of being in Indonesia. Immigration crime is basically in addition to its nature as an international and transnational crime and is carried out individually or in an organized manner, it is also very detrimental and endangering to the community so that a severe criminal threat is needed in order to provide a deterrent effect for foreigners who commit violations. forms of supervision of foreigners, namely, supervision of foreigners, field supervision, immigration detention centers, and prevention and deterrence.
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Bulgakov, A. V., V. I. Ekimova, A. V. Kokurin, E. A. Orlova et I. A. Shashkova. « Features and Psychological Mechanisms of Professional Interaction of Participants of Criminal Process ». Psychology and Law 9, no 2 (2019) : 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2019090211.
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The article presents the results of the study of psychological characteristics of professional interaction of participants in the criminal process: investigators or investigators (depending on the type of crime), forensic specialists, victims accused of various types of criminal offenses (murder, theft, hooliganism, traffic accident). The empirical base of the research was formed on the material of psychological examination of participants of 90 situations of crime scene or incident examination and further actions on disclosure of 4 types of crimes: murder, theft, hooligan actions, traffic accident. The study surveyed 315 people, including employees of the OVD - 180 people (90 persons investigators, criminologists 90 people) are the victims — 70 persons, suspects — 65 people). On the basis of the data obtained, a three-factor model of the psychological mechanisms of PV used by investigators in interaction with a group of victims, as well as a three-factor model of the psychological mechanisms of professional interaction of a group of victims in case of theft, was constructed. The conducted research allowed to reveal experimentally the structure of professional competences of investigators (investigators) and forensic specialists, as well as contradictions of the inquiry stage for each professional group in the process of professional interaction.
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Natal`ya, Vakhmyanina, et Karagodin Valerij. « Criminalistic characteristics of crimes committed by minors and related to drug traffic ». Narkokontrol 2015, no 1 (26 février 2015) : 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2015-1-15-19.
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SIDOROV, Anatoly S. « Counteraction to Illegal Drug Trafficking Using the Internet : Modern Problems and Contradictions ». Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 8, no 7 (16 juin 2018) : 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v8.7(29).24.
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General characteristics of crimes related to illicit trafficking in drugs using the mass media or electronic or information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet network are presented. The main problems of detection and suppression of this type of crimes are considered, as well as the main contradictions in the international legal regulation of interaction issues between law enforcement agencies of various states that impede effective counteraction to drug traffic. In the course of the study, the state of regulatory and legal regulation of issues related to countering crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs with electronic and information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet network, in the Russian Federation was analyzed. International cooperation in this field was assessed. The practice of investigating and prosecuting criminal cases related to drug trafficking has been studied.
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Shosholovski, Ljupcho, Zoran Jovanovski et Zoran Cikarski. « ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2010 TO 2019 ». Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 58, no 3 (12 décembre 2020) : 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.7.
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Road safety in the Republic of North Macedonia is the primary social responsibility of all organizations and individuals whose ultimate goal is to achieve optimal traffic safety. The increased number of vehicles, the traffic intensity on all roads, as well as the degree of traffic indiscipline among certain traffic participants, are the main factors that affect the safety situation both in terms of the volume of accidents and the consequences arising from them. The subject of the research are the traffic accidents that occurred in the period from 2010 to 2019 on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, the factors that influence their occurrence and the criminal acts against the safety of the public traffic in the mentioned period. The purpose of this paper is to research the statistical indicators for the number of traffic accidents and those accused of crimes against public traffic safety in the period from 2010 to 2019 and on their basis to determine the reasons for their occurrence and propose measures and activities that will affect their reduction in the near future according to world trends.
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de Waart, Paul J. I. M. « Case Analysis : From ‘Kidnapped’ Witness to Released Accused ‘for Humanitarian Reasons’ : The Case of the Late General Djordje Djukić ». Leiden Journal of International Law 9, no 2 (juin 1996) : 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156596000350.
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On 6 February 1996, the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina informed the Implementation Force (IFOR) that eight Serbs, who were reported missing since 20 January, were held in custody by the Bosnian authorities as war crimes suspects. None of them had already been indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. Among the eight detainees were two high-ranking Serb officers: General Djordje Djukić and Colonel Aleksa Krsmanovic. They were said to have been arrested accidentally by Bosnian police officers during a routine traffic control on 30 January 1996.
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Gordon, Gerald H. « Judicial Creativity in a Common Law System ». Israel Law Review 27, no 1-2 (1993) : 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016885.
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The most remarkable feature of Scots criminal law is that it is still a common law system. It contains, of course, many statutory offences, mostly recent and concerned with the regulation of modern developments such as road traffic or wireless telegraphy. There are also a large number of statutory frauds, dealing with all kinds of things, such as companies, bankruptcies, the regulation of professions, etc., but many of those are unnecessary, in the sense that the behaviour they prohibit can be dealt with as common law fraud, which covers the achievement of any practical result. There are also some modern preventive crimes created by statute, such as carrying offensive weapons in public, but other preventive offences, such as housebreaking with intent to steal, were created by the common law. There are very few of what might be regarded as basic crimes which are statutory. The most striking example is the crime of incest which, until recently, was dealt with under the Incest Act of 1567, passed by the Scottish Parliament in the wake of the Reformation. The Incest Act incorporated the 18th chapter of Leviticus into the law of Scotland, and with some amendments, it remained the law until the passing of the Incest and Related Offences (Scotland) Act 1986. But that was an oddity, and there is some authority that parent-child incest is a common law crime. The basic crimes, such as those concerned with injuring the person or property of others, are essentially matters regulated by the common law, the creations of judges, without any statutory definitions, and all with the same maximum penalty of life imprisonment.
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Siluyanova, Yulia A. « Trafficking in persons : cluster analysis of sending and receiving countries ». Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no 34 (2 septembre 2021) : 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this article is to deepen the understanding of the problem of human trafficking by analyzing the patterns of the distribution of traffic across countries, based on international statistics on various socio-economic indicators. We conducted cluster analysis using neuro network grouping algorithm of Kohonen self-organizing maps, basing on 44 variables reflecting different social and economical aspects for 144 countries. Countries were grouped according to the type and level of risk of trafficking-related crimes, and traffic distribution maps were built based on generally accepted hypotheses about traffic factors. As a result of the study, a number of hypotheses explaining the nature of traffic were tested. The results reveal the linkage between the risk of incoming and outgoing trafficking and the socio-economic parameters of the countries and groups.
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Erokhin, Denis V. « Some Problems of Qualification of Crimes in the Field of Illicit Traffic Drugs ». Vestnik of the Omsk Law Academy 16, no 1 (2019) : 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2306-1340-2019-16-1-96-102.
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Jeong, Cheol-Woo et 김문귀. « An Empirical Study on Criteria for Suspended Sentence in Crimes Related to Traffic ». Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies 14, no 2 (août 2017) : 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25023/kapsa.14.2.201708.149.
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DWORZECKI, Jacek. « ROAD SAFETY IN POLAND (OUTLINE OF ISSUES) ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 162, no 4 (1 octobre 2011) : 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3171.
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This article outlines the issues of road safety in Poland. It presents, in terms of definitions and typology, traffic crimes and offences as well as the elements of safety hazards on the road. The article is complemented by the analysis of the safety situation on Polish roads on the basis of up-to-date data from police statistics.
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Labozeviča, Sanita. « ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PRE-TRIAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ». Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no 86 (31 mars 2019) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i86.4219.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research paper is devoted to the problems of evidence’s disposal admissibility in road accident investigation during pre-trial criminal proceedings. The understanding of evidence admissibility in the Latvian and foreign criminal procedural law theory and law enforcement practice is examined; implementation of the establishment during pre-trial criminal proceedings by investigating road accident crimes during pre-trial criminal proceedings. The objective of the research paper: to investigate theoretical and practical issues of the establishment of disposal admissibility by investigating road accident crimes during pre-trial criminal proceedings; to identify problems in this context and to offer their solutions. During the practice pre-trial criminal investigation in road accident cases indicate shortcomings in the legal framework, as well as the competence of officials conducting criminal proceedings, the organization of work and the lack of methodological materials and standardized forms related to the specific nature of the road accident investigation. The solutions proposed by the author are related to the strengthening of the attachments’ admissibility specified in section 130 of the Criminal Procedure Law as evidence in criminal proceedings.
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Khromov, E. V., et A. Yu Zyablikov. « On Causal Relationship in Crimes under Art. 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ». Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no 4 (3 mai 2021) : 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.125.4.120-132.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The specifics of the causal relationship between road accidents and the resulting negative consequences (serious harm to health, death of a person) have long remained debatable. Doctrinal approaches to the disclosure of causality in transport crimes seem in some cases too theorized or appear to be fragmentary special cases that are not part of a certain system. This situation is due to objective reasons, a variety of types of transport accidents associated with violation of traffic rules. Violations of security requirements by several persons are of increased interest. The law enforcement officer needs clear and applicable rules for assessing the causality of an accident. The analysis of law enforcement practice made it possible to assess the behavior of road users from the moment the danger occurred until the onset of an emergency, to determine the objective and subjective parameters of traffic that are causally related to the consequences that entail the onset of liability under Art. 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. When classifying the act in accordance with this regulatory provision, the analysis shall include not only the actions of the subjects who created a danger to traffic, but also those who have ignored the legal obligation to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences.
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Lu, Liang Fu, Zheng-Hai Huang, Mohammed A. Ambusaidi et Kui-Xiang Gou. « A Large-Scale Network Data Analysis via Sparse and Low Rank Reconstruction ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/323764.
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With the rapid growth of data communications in size and complexity, the threat of malicious activities and computer crimes has increased accordingly as well. Thus, investigating efficient data processing techniques for network operation and management over large-scale network traffic is highly required. Some mathematical approaches on flow-level traffic data have been proposed due to the importance of analyzing the structure and situation of the network. Different from the state-of-the-art studies, we first propose a new decomposition model based on accelerated proximal gradient method for packet-level traffic data. In addition, we present the iterative scheme of the algorithm for network anomaly detection problem, which is termed as NAD-APG. Based on the approach, we carry out the intrusion detection for packet-level network traffic data no matter whether it is polluted by noise or not. Finally, we design a prototype system for network anomalies detection such as Probe and R2L attacks. The experiments have shown that our approach is effective in revealing the patterns of network traffic data and detecting attacks from large-scale network traffic. Moreover, the experiments have demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm as well even when the network traffic is polluted by the large volume anomalies and noise.
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Nudel, Stanislav L., Oleg A. Zaytsev et Vladimir P. Kashepov. « Criminal Liability for Crimes Related to Illegal Traffic of Alcohol and Alcohol-Containing Products ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no 447 (1 octobre 2019) : 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/447/30.
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Plotnikova, Anna Leonidovna, et Oliga Gennadevna Rodionova. « FORMATION OF PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THE PRISONERS COMMITTED CRIMES AGAINST TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT SAFETY ». Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, no 2 (24 mai 2015) : 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-2-32.
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Afrino, Afrino. « PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK SEBAGAI TERSANGKA DALAM PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS ». UNES Law Review 2, no 1 (3 septembre 2019) : 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/ulr.v2i1.58.
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Lately, there have been frequent traffic accidents which have caused many losses. The Sijunjung Regional Police Laka Satlantas Unit has handled 35 cases of traffic accident committed by children, so far it has always prioritized child protection in examining children who are dealing with the field of law. This research is a descriptive analytical study. Adapaun the results of the implementation of the implementation of the fulfillment of children's rights as suspects in the investigation process, can be seen from careful actions carried out by investigators, meaning that if the cases carried out by children are still classified as minor acts, there should be no detention measures, whereas if the case is a criminal offense detention can be carried out, in the investigation process the suspect must be accompanied by his parents even though his legal advisor does not come to accompany the suspect. BAPAS in the inspection phase is obliged to assist the suspect. Examination of child suspects, it should be noted that there is a special room that is comfortable and friendly for child offenders, and the Diversion process is prioritized to achieve the best interests for children. Constraints encountered by the police in fulfilling children's rights as suspects in the process of investigating traffic accident crimes, namely in the process of investigating and detaining suspected children, where there are internal factors, namely members of Unit Laka personnel who are few in number, BAPAS sometimes unable to attend, legal counsel sometimes unable to attend. Efforts to overcome the obstacles that arise in the provision of children's rights as suspects in the investigation process of traffic accident crimes, where the Sijunjung Regional Police have dealt with these obstacles in accordance with what is needed, among others asking for funds to add detention rooms, writing BAPAS and legal counsel, and providing socialization to schools or to the community regarding enforcement of traffic laws in general and the protection of children in particular.
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Modestin, Jiri, et Roland Ammann. « Mental Disorders and Criminal Behaviour ». British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no 5 (mai 1995) : 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.5.667.
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BackgroundUsing improved methods, findings of higher criminality in a psychiatric population were tested.MethodAn unselected sample of 1265 Swiss in-patients and a matched control group drawn from the general population were studied. Detailed accounts of conviction records served as a measure of criminal behaviour.ResultsApart from traffic law violations by men, and violent crimes and sexual offences by women, patients were more frequently registered in all crime categories. However, there were significant differences between the diagnostic groups. Alcoholics and drug users of both sexes had a significantly higher criminality rate. A higher rate was also found among female, but not male, patients suffering from schizophrenia or related disorders and other, mostly organic, disorders.ConclusionsAlcoholism and drug abuse contribute significantly to criminal behaviour, independent of sociodemographic factors; however, with a few exceptions, mental disorders such as schizophrenia and affective disorders do not contribute to criminal behaviour.
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Il’in, N. N. « The Issues of Expert Opinion Evaluation on Forensic Transport Examinations ». Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 15, no 4 (27 décembre 2020) : 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2020-4-66-73.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the factors adversely affecting the quality of crime investigations is the misuse and misapprehension of forensic evidence in proving. An essential part of solving this problem is a more effective use by investigative bodies of specialized knowledge in the form of forensic examinations. In particular, when investigating crimes concerning the violation of traffic rules and transport operation, an investigator should thoroughly evaluate an expert’s opinion in the field of transport and technical forensic examinations. The author studied the expert practice on these forensic examinations, indicating the existing significant number of expert opinions in the “probable” form. In the author’s opinion, the main reasons for such opinions are the presence of probable conclusions about the causes of the traffic accident in the materials of the internal investigation submitted for examination and the insufficient information content of the initial data. The analysis of the errors made by experts on forensic transport examinations indicates the need to study the received conclusions thoroughly, look closely not only into the conclusions themselves but also into the content of the research part, which will allow to timely recognize the incompetence of the study, detect technical errors, as well as the inconsistency with the conclusions on other circumstances established in a criminal case.
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Surette, Ray. « A copycat crime meme : Ghost riding the whip ». Crime, Media, Culture : An International Journal 16, no 2 (1 août 2019) : 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659019865305.
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A 2006 US copycat crime wave came into being, surged with thousands of crimes committed, and dissipated without substantial news media attention. The development of this early copycat crime meme is traceable to the nature of the crime, “ghost riding the whip,” and the social media and popular music communication channels associated with it. Ghost riding the whip involved traffic violations where drivers exit their cars and dance atop or alongside the moving driverless vehicles. Social media allowed the widespread diffusion of detailed instructions that spread this crime from a single minority community to the middle class within a 3-month period. The study of this copycat crime meme examined four types of data: Google Trends, rap songs, ProQuest news media data, and YouTube videos. The examination of the crime wave suggests how Gabriel Tarde’s 19th-century ideas operate in the contemporary social media era. However, unlike pre-social media-based crime waves that were launched via interpersonal and legacy media communication pathways, for ghost riding, rap songs, YouTube postings, and Google searches spurred its growth. Legacy media were found to be most important during the crime wave’s decline, but not during its diffusion. For this copycat crime meme, social media’s influence flowed in a unique upward and outward pattern and the results raise the research questions as to how social media have changed the dynamics of crime waves and how important legacy media will be in future crime waves.
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Iashchenko, A. « MEASURES OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE TO PROHIBITIONS IN THE FIELD OF TRAFFIC SAFETY AND VEHICLE OPERATION : SOME ASPECTS OF REGULATORY CERTAINTY AND PRACTICE OF USE ». Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 2 (1 septembre 2020) : 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.2.2020.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is devoted to the research of measures of criminal justice response to prohibitions in the field of traffic safety and vehicle operation. It is noted that the primary role in state response to violation of criminal justice prohibitions in the field of traffic safety and vehicle operation is given to punishment, but no less important role is paid to other alternative to prohibition measures of criminal justice nature based on the concussion (special confiscation) or the encouragement (exemption from criminal responsibility or serving a sentence). It is concluded that the normative regulations of threats of application of certain punitive measures of criminal justice nature in sanctions of the articles of this section of the Special part in which the legislator defines the threat of application of various types of punishment for committing the crimes stipulated in crimes’ dispositions, needs specification from the point of view of the system interconnection, along with the provisions of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, whereas the practice of application of special confiscation its further distribution and development, considering the proposed recommendations of its delimitation with the so called criminal procedural confiscation as means of criminal procedural concussion. In particular, it is noted that such clarification may be implemented either by enforcing additional penalties specified in the sanctions of Part 1, 2, 3 of Article 286, part 1 of Article 287 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, to the common list of types of punishments, with their separate meaningful definition in the corresponding articles of the section X of the General part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, or by covering normative definition in sanctions of the specified articles of section XI of the Special part of threats of application of such additional types of punishments according to the existing parts of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In this regard the sanctions of Article 286 and 287 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine propose to make appropriate changes. As for the practice of applying special confiscation for committing crimes in the field of traffic safety and vehicle operation, it is recommended that the question of its implementation should be based on the fact that the subject of special confiscation may be defined in paragraph 1 of Part 1 of Art. 96-2 of the Criminal Code - items 6, 6-1 part 9 of Art. 100 of the Criminal Procedure Code, paragraph 2, part 1 of Art. 96-2 of the Criminal Code - item 2 part 9 of Art. 100 of the CPC, paragraph 3, part 1 of Art. 96-2 of the Criminal Code - item 5 part 9 of Art. 100 of the CPC, paragraph 4, part 1 of Art. 96-2 of the Criminal Code - item 1 part 9 of Art. 100 of the CPC items of the material world that possess a certain property value, and are usually considered as physical evidence in criminal proceedings initiated on the fact of committing certain crimes in the field of traffic safety and vehicle operation.
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Dubey, Rabindra Nath. « Impact of fear of crimes on public transport usage : A case study of Delhi ». National Geographical Journal of India 66, no 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1745.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC and Delhi Metro-Rail System (DMRS) are two important public transport systems in Delhi. The DMRS has been attractive in respect to ridership but in 2015 it has shown a decrease in its ridership. It has also been found that ridership of the bus service, the most important public transport system for the poor in Delhi, has decreased over time whereas the numbers of private vehicles have recorded phenomenal increase resulting in traffic congestions and pollution problems in the city. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of the fear of crimes along with other reasons for decreasing trends in the usage of public transport in Delhi. The study is based on people opinion and perception for which 350 persons were interviewed with the structured questionnaire from ten transit places having varied socio-economic conditions. Fear of crimes within buses/coaches is considered an important reason for not using public transport in western countries but as per this study, the same is not true in the case of Delhi. Role of fear of crimes along with other factors was verified with the spearman’s correlation coefficient. The weak negative correlation has been found between the preference to public bus services and the fear of crimes; the crowing; the unavailability. It indicates that along with these other factors are equally responsible for the choice of public transports in Delhi.
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Victoria, Ong Argo, et Ade Riusma Ariyana. « POLICY ANALYSIS STUDY OF THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT OF CRIMINAL SYSTEM WHICH MAKE LOSS OF LIFE ». International Journal of Law Reconstruction 4, no 2 (26 septembre 2020) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v4i2.11382.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There were many cases of traffic accidents area during 2019. These cases were dominated by elements of neglect which resulted in the loss of a person's life. This study aims to determine formal legal considerations in passing decisions on traffic crimes resulting in the loss of a person's life resulting in the death of another person and to analyze the policy on the traffic accident criminal system that results in the loss of a person's life. The research method used is the Normative Juridical Method based on facts, document studies, field surveys and interviews, then analyzed to get a conclusion. The result of this research are the Public Prosecutor uses a single indictment, the indictment prepared by the Public Prosecutor has met the formal and material requirements. And Legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in imposing criminal sanctions against the defendant, the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment for 1 year because he is proven guilty of a criminal act because his negligence caused the death of a person.
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Gracheva, Yulia V., Aleksandr I. Korobeev, Sergey V. Malikov et Aleksandr I. Chuchaev. « Highly Automated Transport Vehicles : Threats to the Information Security System and the Legal Liability ». State power and local self-government 12 (3 décembre 2020) : 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2020-12-3-9.
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The paper considers the current state and prospects of development of unmanned (highly automated) vehicles in Russia. Relying on the strategic direction that the vehicles functioning in unmanned mode should be gradually included into the already established transport system without exposing other road participants to danger and ensuring the observance of traffic rules, the article gives a detailed analysis of vulnerabilities and risks that have to be faced in the development and operation of highly automated vehicles. The global practice shows that not only technical and organizational means, but also legal measures play a major role in ensuring the safety of unmanned vehicles. The authors propose to develop legal measures aimed at preventing the harm caused by unmanned vehicles to be implemented within the framework of Chapter 27 of the RF Criminal Code “Crimes against traffic safety and vehicle operation”.
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Aksenova-Sorokhtei, Julia, Elena Baranovskaya, Olga Kuzmina et Аnna Makhanek. « Topical Issues of Determining a Vehicle Driver's Intoxication in the Investigation of Road Traffic Offences ». Russian Journal of Criminology 12, no 3 (18 juin 2018) : 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(3).375-386.
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Alcohol and drug abuse hold a special place among the phenomena accompanying the modern civilization because they have a negative impact on all aspects of society. One of the most dangerous types of crimes committed under the influence is road traffic accidents. The negative trend of this category of crimes necessitates their efficient investigation, the success of which greatly depends on the right measures of legal coercion aimed at determining the condition of the person driving a vehicle. Measures of administrative, administrative procedure and criminal procedure coercion are especially important in this process. The paper presents a systemic analysis of the norms of criminal and administrative law as well as criminal and administrative process that determine the procedure of testing and medical screening for intoxication. The authors also examine the issues of ordering and carrying out forensic examination to determine the condition of intoxication, and the procedure of acquiring biological samples for testing. They analyze court practice in the spheres of both administrative jurisdiction and criminal court procedure. The authors come to the conclusion that the procedure of screening a person driving a vehicle should be improved. Most problems associated with it are caused by the legal ambiguity regarding the choice of the medical institution that should carry out the chemical and toxicological analysis of bodily fluids. Besides, the law does not have any provisions for the double-screening of biological material to identify narcotics and psychoactive substances in the cases when preliminary screenings results are negative, as they often do not distinguish some types of narcotics, such as spices. In order to identify the condition of intoxication it is necessary for the medical screening to follow the procedure set out in the criminal procedure legislation, which should include obtaining of biological samples for testing and further forensic chemical and toxicological expertise.
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Li, Qing, Fengxiang Qiao, Andrew Mao et Catherine McCreight. « Characterizing the Importance of Criminal Factors Affecting Bus Ridership using Random Forest Ensemble Algorithm ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no 4 (22 mars 2019) : 864–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837504.
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Public transit systems provide mass movement with substantial traffic operational and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, they still represent a small market share in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of the determinants of transit ridership is essential for investment allocation to improve safety, mobility, and air quality in an urban area. Except socio-economic factors, crime has been identified as a determinant for the ridership. Most studies found that ridership and crime are linearly correlated to each other, whereas other studies believed the level of crime can result in a nonlinear effect on the ridership. The relationship between ridership and crime remains inconclusive. Besides, the simultaneous relationship between ridership and crime is scarcely addressed and most ridership studies only include one or a few external factors that affect crime opportunity. This paper proposes a random-forest-based feature selection method to characterize the importance of multiple variables, to bus ridership and total crime, respectively, at different levels. A case study in Houston, Texas, USA, for the year 2017 is provided to illustrate the feature selection and modeling process. A total of 110,885 crimes, ridership on 9004 bus stops, and related socio-economic information were collected. Results indicated that a medium or lower level of ridership is positively correlated to crime; the linear relationship can be broken down at a high level; and reducing the total crime per capita can promote bus ridership. Random-forest-based models were developed with the selected determinants, performing with high accuracy in ridership per capita estimates.
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A. Isbir Turan, Aybuke, Mehmet Ali Tekiner et Niyazi Umut Akincioğlu. « MODERN USAGE AREAS OF UAV TECHNOLOGY ». Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 58, no 3 (12 décembre 2020) : 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.8.
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In the past century, aviation has been one of the biggest technological advances that changed people’s lives. Especially in recent years in addition to being used in passenger transportation and war technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles have been carrying out important activities in many parts of life. These devices, which can be used as an integrated camera and weapon systems that can be controlled wirelessly and have superior mobility, have become one of the most important actors in defence. In addition to security services, unmanned aerial vehicles are used in many activities such as agriculture, search and rescue, cartography and fire. Unmanned aerial vehicles are also frequently used by law enforcement agencies due to their size and mobility, especially in areas such as monitoring and tracking. Unmanned aerial vehicles are used in many security needs such as traffic inspections, monitoring, social events and tracking around the world. Besides all these, unmanned aerial vehicles are frequently used for natural disasters, crime scene investigation studies and cargo transportation. However, in addition to all the advantages, these tools are also used by some malicious individuals and groups due to their low cost and easy accessibility. Many crimes such as smuggling, terrorist attacks, or illegal image recording have been committed using this technology. For this reason, while developing unmanned aircraft technologies, studies are carried out on anti-drone technologies in order to combat these crimes. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles worldwide is controlled by laws and penal sanctions are imposed in case of improper use.