Thèses sur le sujet « Transpeptidases »
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Triboulet, Sébastien. « Mécanisme catalytique d'une nouvelle classe de transpeptidases du peptidoglycane ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066282.
Texte intégralL,D-transpeptidases, as D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) family, catalyse the last cross-links step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The peptidoglycan of an Enterococcus faecium mutant is exclusively cross-linked by L,D-transpeptidases leading to resistance to all β-lactams except the carbapenems. Since peptidoglycan cross-links are predominantly synthesized by L,D-transpeptidases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis these enzymes are potential targets for chemotherapy of tuberculosis. The aims of the thesis are to identify the kinetic features that account for the specificity of L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems and to characterise the binding sites for the peptidoglycan precursors in these enzymes. Our results show that the oxyanion resulting from nucleophilic attack of carbapebems by the catalytic cysteine is stabilized into the active site of L,D-transpeptidases. This stabilisation, combined to the absence of hydrolysis of the acylenzyme, leads to the rapid, total and irreversible inactivation of L,D-transpeptidases by carbapenems. Resolution of the acylenzyme structure shows that these kinetic features are independent from the carbapenem side chain that could be modified to optimize the antibiotics. The binding of the acyle acceptor has been identified in Pocket II of Ldtfm that is distinct from the binding site for β-lactams (Pocket I), which mimic the acyle donor. This site and additional peptidoglycan binding sites reveal additional targets for development of new antibiotics that might act in synergy with β-lactams
Triboulet, Sébastien. « Mécanisme catalytique d'une nouvelle classe de transpeptidases du peptidoglycane ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066282.
Texte intégralL,D-transpeptidases, as D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) family, catalyse the last cross-links step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The peptidoglycan of an Enterococcus faecium mutant is exclusively cross-linked by L,D-transpeptidases leading to resistance to all β-lactams except the carbapenems. Since peptidoglycan cross-links are predominantly synthesized by L,D-transpeptidases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis these enzymes are potential targets for chemotherapy of tuberculosis. The aims of the thesis are to identify the kinetic features that account for the specificity of L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems and to characterise the binding sites for the peptidoglycan precursors in these enzymes. Our results show that the oxyanion resulting from nucleophilic attack of carbapebems by the catalytic cysteine is stabilized into the active site of L,D-transpeptidases. This stabilisation, combined to the absence of hydrolysis of the acylenzyme, leads to the rapid, total and irreversible inactivation of L,D-transpeptidases by carbapenems. Resolution of the acylenzyme structure shows that these kinetic features are independent from the carbapenem side chain that could be modified to optimize the antibiotics. The binding of the acyle acceptor has been identified in Pocket II of Ldtfm that is distinct from the binding site for β-lactams (Pocket I), which mimic the acyle donor. This site and additional peptidoglycan binding sites reveal additional targets for development of new antibiotics that might act in synergy with β-lactams
Cordillot, Mathilde. « Les L,D‐transpeptidases, cibles des carbapénèmes chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis ». Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T030.
Texte intégralMycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for 8.7 million of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) and 1.4 million of deaths in 2011. The emergence of strains resistant to the two first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, (MDR), to second line-drugs (XDR) and the difficult to kill dormant forms of the bacilli require the discovery of new anti-TB antibiotics. β-lactams are usually not considered for tuberculosis treatment since M. tuberculosis produces a broad-spectrum β-lactamase, BlaC. However, the combination of β-lactam belonging to the carbapenem class, meropenem, with β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate, is notably active on XDR strains. Our aim was to characterize the carbapenem targets, atypical in M. tuberculosis, since peptidoglycan of this bacteria contains a majority (80%) of cross-links formed by a special transpeptidase family, the L,D-transpeptidases. We have compared the five L,D-transpeptidases of M. tuberculosis for their in vitro activities with respect to peptidoglycan dimers formation and for inactivation reaction by carbapenems. Thus, we have showed that the five L,D-transpeptidases were functional in vitro. LdtMt1, LdtMt2, LdtMt4 et LdtMt5 were able to form peptidoglycan cross-links binding the third amino acid of a donor tetrapeptide substrate with the third amino acid of an acceptor tetrapeptide substrate. These enzymes were also able to use D-methionine as an acceptor in exchange reaction of D-Ala4 of the donor tetrapeptide substrate. LdtMt1, LdtMt2, LdtMt3 et LdtMt4 formed a covalent adduct with carbapenems. The inactivation reaction of L,D-transpeptidases by carbapenems proceed through two steps. In first, a reversible covalent adduct is formed (catalytic constant k1), followed by a second step leading to acylenzyme formation (catalytic constant k2). The determination of kinetic constants of inactivation k1 et k2 revealed important differences between carbapenems. Except for LdtMt1, Imipenem inactivates L,D-transpeptidases more rapidly than other carbapenems indicating that modification of the carbapenem side chain could be used to optimize their anti-mycobacterial activity. In parallel, we have started the study of the L,D-transpeptidases regulation in various culture conditions will allow identifying the L,D-transpeptidases essential for growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis. This work might lead to identification of essential targets allowing eradication of M. tuberculosis dormant forms, which are difficult to treat with conventional anti-TB drugs
Han, Liyou. « Studies on γ-glutamyl transpeptidases by using mechanism-based inhibitors ». Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136508.
Texte intégral0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第12670号
農博第1593号
新制||農||934(附属図書館)
学位論文||H18||N4196(農学部図書室)
UT51-2006-U375
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 坂田 完三, 教授 江﨑 信芳, 教授 宮川 恒
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Lefebvre, Anne-Laure. « Etude de l’activité in vitro des β-lactamines sur Mycobacterium abscessus et recherche de leurs cibles ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB107.
Texte intégralMycobacterium abscessus is an important pathogen responsible for pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients or in patients suffering from bronchiectasis. The treatment of infections due to M. abscessus is complicated since this bacterium is naturally resistant to the antituberculous agents. The recommended treatment includes an aminoglycoside, a macrolide (clarithromycin) and a β-lactam (cefoxitin or imipenem), with a success rate of about 50 %. However, strains resistant to clarithromycin are frequently isolated, questioning the use of this antibiotic. M. abscessus naturally produces a broad spectrum β-lactamase (BlaMab) but the mechanisms of action of the β-lactams have not been studied in this species, impairing the optimization of the treatment by these antibiotics. The first objective was to identify and characterize the targets of β-lactams antibiotics in this species. Inhibiting the final stage of the peptidoglycan polymerization, the potential targets of β-lactams are three families of enzymes: the D,D-transpeptidases and D,Dcarboxypeptidases belonging to the family of penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), and the L,D-transpeptidases which are mainly responsible for this final stage in this species. To identify the targets, mutants resistant to β-lactams have been selected from the reference strain M. abscessus CIP104536 and from its β-lactamase-deficient derivative ΔblaMab. For both strains, the emergence of resistance to βlactams has required multiple steps, which is an advantage for the therapeutic use of these antibiotics. For the mutants derived from the strain CIP104536, phenotypic analyzes showed that the resistance to β-lactams is not due to an increase in the catalytic efficiency of BlaMab, to an overproduction of this enzyme, or to a decrease in permeability. Genomes sequencing of the resistant mutants did not reveal mutations in the genes encoding the L,D-transpeptidases, but mutations have been found in genes encoding two PBPs. Other mutations have been detected in genes encoding uncharacterized proteins. Acquisition of resistance could therefore depend on mutations affecting key factors essential for the activity of β-lactams targets. The second objective was to study and compare the in vitro activities of β-lactams against M. abscessus. Bactericidal experiments and intracellular activity in the infected macrophage were performed for the strains CIP104536 and ΔblaMab. Among the antibiotics tested (amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem, ceftaroline, and amoxicillin), imipenem is the most effective agent against the two strains. Combination of imipenem and amikacin was bactericidal against the ΔblaMab mutant. In the absence of BlaMab, amoxicillin was as active as imipenem. Avibactam increased the intracellular activity of ceftaroline but inhibition of BlaMab was only partial intracellularly. Evaluation of the killing and intracellular activities of β-lactams indicates that imipenem is superior to cefoxitin at clinically achievable drug concentrations. Inhibition of BlaMab could improve the efficacy of imipenem and extend the spectrum of drug potentially useful to treat pulmonary infections
Morini, Federico. « Photobacterium damselae’s L-D transpeptidases : overexpression and purification optimised method and in vitro characterisation ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134372.
Texte intégralLecoq, Lauriane. « Etudes par RMN des L,D-transpeptidases bactériennes : structure, dynamique et compréhension de leur inhibition par les beta-lactames ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819829.
Texte intégralHugonnet, Jean-Emmanuel. « Nouveaux mécanismes de résistance aux β-lactamines et nouvelles cibles de ces antibiotiques chez les bactéries à Gram positif ». Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066457.
Texte intégralHugonneau, Beaufet Inès. « Adaptation de l'enveloppe bactérienne à la croissance en biofilm ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS056.pdf.
Texte intégralPeptidoglycan is an essential and specific macromolecule of the bacterial envelope, which maintains the shape of cells, provides mechanical protection against the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm, and serves as an anchor for envelope polymers. Peptidoglycan is cross-linked by two families of enzymes, PBPs and LDTs, whose relative contribution is variable, and which are the targets of antibiotics belonging to the β-lactam family. While PBPs are potentially inhibited by all β-lactam antibiotics, LDTs are effectively inhibited by only one class of β-lactam antibiotics, the carbapenems. This thesis explores the role of LDTs in the adaptation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to growth in biofilm. We have identified and functionally characterized three LDT paralogs in P. aeruginosa. In parallel, the role of the six LDT paralogs of E. coli was evaluated by constructing multiple deletions. In both bacterial species studied, growth in biofilm is associated with a significant increase in the contribution of LDTs to peptidoglycan polymerization. LDTs also play a critical role in stabilizing the envelope and in preventing the release of pro-inflammatory proteins into the bacterial culture medium. Thus, LDTs could be actionable targets to combat bacterial biofilms
Dubée, Vincent. « Stratégies d'optimisation des bêta-lactamines pour le traitement des infections dues aux mycobactéries multirésistantes ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066415.
Texte intégralThe emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus to most antibiotics require the identification of new drugs and new therapeutic strategies. Mycobacteria are naturally poorly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics due to production of a β-lactamase and of atypical low-affinity targets, the L,D-transpeptidases, which are effectively inactivated by a single class of β-lactams, the carbapenems. The aim of the thesis is to study the mode of action of β-lactams to propose strategies for the optimization of these antibiotics. To understand the specificity of L,D-transpeptidase for carbapenems, we have studied the kinetics and mechanism of inactivation of these enzymes using various stopped-flow spectroscopic methods. Our results indicate that the efficacy of carbapenems is due to their ability to rapidly form a tetrahedral intermediate and to the stability of the acylenzyme. The specificity of the L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems does not depend upon the side chains of the drugs, which may be modified to improve their pharmacological properties. In M. abscessus, we have shown that the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam increases the activity of various β-lactams in vitro, intracellularly, and in zebrafish model. Our results show that β-lactams can be optimized for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant mycobacteria by improving inactivation of the targets and by inhibiting the β-lactamases
Dubée, Vincent. « Stratégies d'optimisation des bêta-lactamines pour le traitement des infections dues aux mycobactéries multirésistantes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066415.
Texte intégralThe emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus to most antibiotics require the identification of new drugs and new therapeutic strategies. Mycobacteria are naturally poorly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics due to production of a β-lactamase and of atypical low-affinity targets, the L,D-transpeptidases, which are effectively inactivated by a single class of β-lactams, the carbapenems. The aim of the thesis is to study the mode of action of β-lactams to propose strategies for the optimization of these antibiotics. To understand the specificity of L,D-transpeptidase for carbapenems, we have studied the kinetics and mechanism of inactivation of these enzymes using various stopped-flow spectroscopic methods. Our results indicate that the efficacy of carbapenems is due to their ability to rapidly form a tetrahedral intermediate and to the stability of the acylenzyme. The specificity of the L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems does not depend upon the side chains of the drugs, which may be modified to improve their pharmacological properties. In M. abscessus, we have shown that the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam increases the activity of various β-lactams in vitro, intracellularly, and in zebrafish model. Our results show that β-lactams can be optimized for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant mycobacteria by improving inactivation of the targets and by inhibiting the β-lactamases
Arbeloa, del Moral Ana. « Spécificité de substrat et partenaires des D,D-transpeptidases intervenant dans la polymérisation du peptidoglycane et la résistance aux bêta-lactamines chez Enterococcus faecalis ». Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077002.
Texte intégralSmith, Terence Kenneth. « Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843067/.
Texte intégralGood, Valerie Muriel. « Genetic regulation of #gamma#-glutamyl transpeptidase ». Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244277.
Texte intégralMouz, Nicolas. « Mécanismes de résistance aux [bêta]-lactamines : études des relations structure-fonction de la Penicillin-Binding Protein 2x de Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10102.
Texte intégralGretes, Michael. « Structural analysis of beta-lactamase and resistant transpeptidase inhibition ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24118.
Texte intégralCHOBERT, FUSTEC MARIE-NOELLE. « Biosynthese et regulation de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase hepatique ». Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066574.
Texte intégralCharlois, Thierry. « Interpretation d'une elevation isolee ou predominante de la gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, en dehors de l'ethylisme chronique ». Angers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ANGE1059.
Texte intégralEdoo, Zainab. « Mechanism of L,D-transpeptidase inhibition by β-lactams and diazabicyclooctanes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS565.pdf.
Texte intégralAntibiotic resistance is a growing and global threat to human health that has led to an acute need for the development of new antibiotics. Elucidating the mechanism of inhibition of antibiotic targets is crucial for the development of more potent drugs. The essentiality of peptidoglycan and more than seventy years of successful use of β-lactams have made polymerization of this major cell wall component an attractive and validated target for drug development. Active-site serine Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) have long been considered as the only enzymes catalyzing the essential cross-linking step of peptidoglycan polymerization. The thesis explores inhibition of a distinct family of enzymes, the active-site cysteine L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs), that have a preponderant role in peptidoglycan synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We show that the efficacy of LDT inhibition by β-lactams is primarily governed by the reactivity of the four-membered ring. We propose that acylation of LDTs by β-lactams proceeds through formation of an amine anion intermediate, followed by a subsequent irreversible step that is essential for the antibacterial activity of the drugs. A fluorescence spectroscopy approach enabling kinetic analyses of the acylation steps was developed to explore inactivation mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new synthetic drugs. We also identify diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) as new pharmacophores that inactivate LDTs by formation of a thio-carbamoyl-enzyme. We discuss several mechanism-based strategies for rational optimization of LDT inhibitors belonging to the β-lactam and DBO families
Daoud, Patrick. « Interet de la gamma glutamyl transferase urinaire dans la mise en evidence d'une nephrotoxicite : etude experimentale a propos de trente sujets traites par sels d'or ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20365.
Texte intégralCHIKHI, NAIMA. « Etude de l'organisation des genes de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez l'homme ». Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066450.
Texte intégralLévy, Jean-Louis. « Intérêt de la séparation des isoformes enzymatiques de la gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase ». Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P136.
Texte intégralRousseau, Jean-Charles. « Maladie de caroli : a propos d'un cas limite au lobe gauche asymptomatique, revele par une augmentation isolee du taux serique de la gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ». Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25109.
Texte intégralLAHUNA, OLIVIER. « Expression et clonage du gene de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez le rat ». Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11T018.
Texte intégralMoallic, Claire. « Identification de nouvelles peptidases sécrétées par des Bacilli : étude d'une gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ». Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2070.
Texte intégralPeptidases constitute a developing area of research, because of their wide diversity and their physiological and biotechnological interest. We studied the peptidase production of bacteria isolated from alkaline sediments from Bogoria Lake (Kenya). We obtained 59 isolates, and 39 of them were identified. Their extracellular peptidase activities were screened on milk agar, then in liquid media, with different substrates (casein, azocasein, amino-acid-p-nitroanilides). Two strains were selected, Bacillus pseudofirmus H2 and Bacillus pumilus A8. The supernatant of the latter contains a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [EC 2. 3. 2. 2] that hydrolyzes substrates with an N-terminal gamma-glutamyl residue (glutathione, gamma-Glu-p-nitroanilide), and can also transfer glutamyl residue to small peptides. This enzyme has been purified and characterized, it is composed of two subunits of 38 000 and 21 000. The heavy subunit is still active after dissociation. Its gene was cloned and expressed in E. Coli
Ruoso, Patrizia. « Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and the maintenance of elevated cysteine levels in cervical carcinoma ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63111.pdf.
Texte intégralVoedts, Henri. « Résistance aux β-lactamines médiée par la L,D-transpeptidase YcbB chez Escherichia coli ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS334.pdf.
Texte intégralPeptidoglycan is a macromolecule that completely surrounds bacteria and protects them from osmotic pressure exerted by the cytoplasm. The β-lactams, the most commonly used antibiotics in therapy, inhibit D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) family that catalyze the final cross-linking step of peptidoglycan synthesis. L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs) such as YcbB, which are unrelated to PBPs, confer β-lactam resistance by functionally replacing PBPs and cross-linking the peptidoglycan in Escherichia coli mutants. This thesis investigates the YcbB-mediated β-lactam resistance mechanism. We show that the expansion of a YcbB cross-linked peptidoglycan requires the action of specific endopeptidases as well as the glycosyltransferase activity of the elongasome. At the genome scale, we have identified the set of genes required for YcbB-mediated β-lactam resistance. These genes are involved not only in peptidoglycan metabolism but also in bacterial envelope homeostasis and in the response to oxidative stress induced by β-lactam binding to their targets. Unexpectedly, we have shown that the binding of β-lactams to their targets disrupts the permeability of the outer membrane and generates a self-promoting penetration of these antibiotics into the periplasm. In addition to the action of YcbB in peptidoglycan synthesis, activation of the resistance mechanism requires the production of the alarmone (p)ppGpp. The essential role of (p)ppGpp in this resistance mechanism has been assigned to a reduction in ribosomal RNA transcription, limiting the oxidative stress triggered by the synthesis and degradation of aberrant peptidoglycan polymers
Iglesias, Iglesias Ana Aurelia. « Análisis funcional del promotor I del gen de la gamma-glutamil-transpeptidasa ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9513.
Texte intégralTranscription is one of the most important steps of the gene expression. Rat gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) gene has an structure and expression pattern that facilitates the study of gene expression at transcription level. The aim of this doctoral thesis is the study of the mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of rat GGT promoter I.In our laboratory we have found the binding of trans-factors to a sequence located between -586 and -566 bp, at the 5' untranslated flanking region of the rat GGT promoter I. The molecular weight of these proteins is 100, 70, 41 and 38 kDa and make up a multiprotein complex. In rat derived cell lines we have found proteins that bind the sequence studied and they have with similar molecular weights. We have rule out that Sp1 protein is a part of this protein complex despite of the presence of a degenerate CG box in the binding sequence described. The protein complex binds DNA wrapping the double helix and it cannot introduce changes in chromatin structures. Only one of the four proteins, this 70 kDa one, is phosphorylated for PK-A and it is glycosilated with N-acetyl-glucosamine.On the other hand, we have make a deleted promoter I that is trancribed in vitro by rat liver nuclear extracts, whereas the same sequence but methylated is not. In transfection assays employing rat derived cell lines we have found regions in this promoter I that have positive or negative activity on gene expresion. Substances like dexamethasone and S-Adenosylmethionine are able to disrupt GGT gene expression in these rat derived cell lines.Finally, computer analysis have shown the probable relationship between the proteins analyzed and transcription factors of the Egr/krox subfamily.To sum up, in the transcription regulation of rat GGT promoter I are involved cis- and trans-factors that work coordinatedly, regulating the differential final expression of this promoter in the cell.
DARBOUY, MOJTABA. « Expression du gene de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase a partir de multiples promoteurs chez le rat ». Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066447.
Texte intégralVignes, Jean-Pascal. « Transplantation hépatique : analyse rétrospective de l'évolution biologique en période post-opératoire ». Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23092.
Texte intégralBOUVET, DOMINIQUE. « Contribution au depistage des buveurs excessifs grace a trois tests (g. G. T, v. G. M. , score de le go) chez 544 patients hospitalises dans des services de medecine du c. H. R. U. D'angers ». Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1002.
Texte intégralBulle, Frédérique. « Les genes de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez l'homme et chez le rat : clonage, caracterisation et regulations ». Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066113.
Texte intégralBulle, Frédérique. « Les Gènes de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez l'homme et chez le rat clonage, caractérisation et régulations / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376122598.
Texte intégralLherbet, Christian. « Synthèse et études cinétiques de substrats analogues et d'inhibiteurs de l'étape d'acylation de la [gamma]-glutamyl transpeptidase / ». [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ92747.
Texte intégral"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en chimie" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Blel, Mustapha. « Thermosensibilités d'enzymes (lactoperoxydase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) et structures protéiques en spectroscopie IRTF : utilisation comme indicateurs de traitements thermiques du lait ». Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10034.
Texte intégralTwo protocols of quantification of enzymatic activity in milk were finalized. The first was the measurement of lactoperoxydase (LPO) activity. The second was the measurement of g-glutamyl transpeptidase (g-GT) activity. They incorporated a clarification step of the reaction mixture that allowed a direct spectrophotometric measurement from which an appreciable time-saving. Milk heated in the range of 50 to 80 °C showed that the thermo-sensitivity of LPO and g-GT renders these enzymes useful to estimate the efficiency or the severity of pasteurization. Results obtained with these protocols on various milks presented a good correlation (R2 ≥ 0,97) with those obtained with reference protocols. These new protocols could be applied on cheese too. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was selected for the study of changes in protein spatial conformation. When heating milk at 80 °C, protein b-sheet and a helix proportions decrease slightly. Proportion of turns and random coils increase. Turn proportion could serve as thermal indicator. These study will have to be confirmed by using a sufficient number of milks for which thermal historic is known
Biarrotte-Sorin, Sabrina. « Etudes structurales de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques : la tranférase FemX de Weissella viridescens et la L,D-transpeptidase d' Enterococcus faecium ». Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077091.
Texte intégralCromie, Karen Dorothy. « A molecular genetic analysis of the active centre of the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257016.
Texte intégralJaved, Sundus [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerhard, Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Janßen et Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Engelhardt. « Effect of Helicobacter gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase on epithelial cells / Sundus Javed. Gutachter : Klaus-Peter Janßen ; Stefan Engelhardt. Betreuer : Markus Gerhard ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045945447/34.
Texte intégralGonçalves, Renata. « Gama-glutamil transpeptidase como alvo de ação da 1,25(OH)2 vitamina D3 na membrana plasmática das células de Sertoli ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129154.
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A 1a,25-diidroxivitamina D3 (1,25-D3) é o metabólito ativo da vitaminaD3. A 1,25-D3 é crítica para a manutenção da reprodução, já que aredução da fertilidade foi observada em ratos machos deficientes devitamina D. Este hormônio exerce ações via receptor nuclear (VDRn) eatravés de vias de respostas rápidas associadas a um receptor presente namembrana plasmática (VDRmem). As células de Sertoli são o principalcomponente estrutural do túbulo seminífero, e são responsáveis pelaregulação do fluxo de nutrientes para as células germinativas emdesenvolvimento. Dois fatores importantes no metabolismo das célulasde Sertoli são a atividade da enzima gama-glutamil transpeptidase(GGT) e a secreção de lactato para a nutrição das células germinativas.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito e o mecanismo de ação da1,25-D3 na atividade da enzima GGT e no metabolismo energéticoatravés da secreção de lactato e captação de glicose em células de Sertolide ratos de 30 dias de idade. Neste trabalho foi demonstrado que a 1,25-D3 aumentou a atividade da GGT em 6 h através da interação com oreceptor VDRmem e possível ativação da proteína cinase A (PKA), eem tempos mais prolongados o bloqueio da síntese proteica inibiu oefeito do hormônio, sugerindo que a regulação da atividade da GGT pela1,25-D3 também esteja relacionada à expressão da enzima. Como a GGTparticipa na regeneração da glutationa (GSH), os níveis de GSH foramestudados nas células de Sertoli, porém não houve alteração destesníveis no tratamento com a 1,25-D3. O lactato é o substrato energéticopreferencial das células germinativas, e foi verificado que o tratamentodas células de Sertoli com a 1,25-D3 estimulou a liberação de lactato,além de aumentar a captação de [14-C]-2-Deoxi-d-glicose (14C-DG) e aatividade intracelular da enzima lactato desidrogenase (LDH). Afosforilação oxidativa foi verificada nas células de Sertoli através derespirometria de alta resolução, e foi observado que a respiraçãomitocondrial não foi alterada nas células tratadas com a 1,25-D3corroborando com o aumento da produção de lactato pelas células deSertoli. Neste ensaio também foi observada uma diminuiçãosignificativa na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Foi medida aatividade da enzima LDH extracelular, onde foi demonstrado que a1,25-D3 não possui capacidade citotóxica. Como conclusão destetrabalho, a 1,25-D3 aumenta a atividade da GGT e secreção de lactato,parâmetros importantes da função das células de Sertoli, o que sugereque este hormônio representa um dos fatores importantes na regulaçãodo metabolismo das células de Sertoli, destinado a aumentar ofornecimento de nutrientes e melhorar os mecanismos de defesaantioxidantes para o desenvolvimento normal e completo da ondaespermatogênica.
Abstract: 1a,25-diidroxivitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is the biologically active metaboliteof vitamin D3. 1,25-D3 is critical for the maintenance of normalreproduction since reduced fertility is observed in vitamin D-deficientmale rats. This hormone acts through a nuclear receptor (VDRn) and viarapid response pathways associated to a putative membrane receptor(VDRmem). Sertoli cells are the most important structural component ofseminiferous tubules, and they are responsible for regulating the nutrientinflux for germ cells development. Two important factors in Sertoli cellmetabolism regulation are the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)enzime activity and lactate secretion for germ cell nutrition. The aim ofthe present work was to study the effect and mechanism of action of1,25-D3 on GGT activity and on metabolic activity through lactatesecretion and glucose uptake in 30-day-old rat Sertoli cells. The resultsshow that 1,25-D3 increased GGT activity in 6 h through interactionwith VDRmem and possibly with protein kinase A (PKA) activation,and in longer incubations the protein synthesis inibition prevented thehormone effect, suggesting that the GGT activity regulation by the 1,25-D3 is also related to enzyme synthesis. As GGT is also related togluthatione (GSH) regeneration, the GSH levels in Sertoli cells wereverified, but no alteration was observed in cells incubated with 1,25-D3.Lactate is the preferred energetic substract of germ cells, and it wasobserved that Sertoli cells treatment with 1,25-D3 increased the lactaterelease, and also [14-C]-2-Deoxy-d-glucose (14C-DG) uptake and lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) intracellular activity. The oxidativephosphorylation in Sertoli cells was verified through high resolutionrespirometry, and it was observed that mitochondrial respiration was notaltered in cells treated with 1,25-D3, although the increased lactaterelease in these cells. In this essay it was also observed a decrease inoxygen reactive species production. The extracellular LDH activity wasmeasured and it was demonstrated that 1,25-D3 doesn?t have citotoxiccapacity. From this work, it is concluded that 1,25-D3 regulates GGTactivity and lactate release, significant parameters of Sertoli cellfunction, suggesting that this hormone represents an important factor inthe regulation of Sertoli cell metabolism. Also, 1,25-D3 improvescellular antioxidant defenses to the ongoing spermatogenesis.
Alcântara, Luciana Inácia de. « Avaliação dos níveis de gama-glutamil transpeptidase sérica em pacientes hepatopatas e sua utilização como marcador bioquímico para consumo de álcool ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-25072007-101545/.
Texte intégralThe gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) has been widely employed as excessive alcohol use biochemical marker. Its utilization in screening of alcohol consumption in patients with diagnosed liver diseases must be better investigated. In this study, serum levels of GGT were compared to the pattern of alcohol consumption using the AUDIT test as alcohol screening instrument in 126 patients with liver disease (94 men and 32 women), with age ranged from 20 to 69 years old. Twenty two patients (17,4%) scored higher or equal 8 in the AUDIT (positive cases for alcohol related problems suspicion in the last 12 months). This proportion increases to 32,7% in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. The severity of the liver damage was evaluated by the Child-Pugh classification: 86 patients were classified as A (68,2%) and 40 as B or C (31,8%). All patients who scored 8 or higher in the AUDIT were men and had mean values of GGT significantly higher when compared to those who scored less than 8 (526,9 U/L ± 1006,8 versus 138,7 U/L ± 123, p<0,00001). Among them 77,3% had alcohol-associated liver disease diagnosis (p<0,0001). The Pearsons correlation test showed a strong association between increase of the GGT values in patients that use alcohol and total score in the AUDIT. No association between increase of GGT values and severity of liver damage was found. No statistically significance was observed also between AUDIT scores 8 or higher to age, civil status, employment situation, education, familiar earnings, race or religion. Our data suggest that the combined use of GGT and AUDIT can be useful in discriminating liver disease patients that use alcohol, particularly in developing countries like Brazil, due to their widely availability and low costs.
BAIK, JA-HYUN. « Role de la methylation de l'adn dans la regulation de l'expression du gene de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez le rat ». Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066019.
Texte intégralRegan, Nicholas Bauman. « The Design and Synthesis of Small Molecule Protein Inhibitors as Potential Cancer Therapeutics ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303823563.
Texte intégralBrouillet, Arthur. « Expression du gene de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase dans le foie de rat, au cours du developpement et dans les cellules hepatiques transformees ». Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066501.
Texte intégralZanatta, Leila. « Mechanism of action of 1(alfa),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytochrome P-450 aromatase, calcium influx and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in rat testis ». Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95390.
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Holic, Nathalie. « Expression des différents promoteurs du gène de la Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) dans le foie de rat au cours du développement et de la régénération ». Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T042.
Texte intégralGamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which contributes to maintain intracellular glutathion level in epithelial cells. In adult liver, the GGT activity is associated to biliary cells. However, the induction of GGT activity in preneoplasic foci and in hepatocytes following xenobiotic treatments has questionned the use of GGT activity as a biliary marker. In the rat, the single copy GGT gene is transcribed from five promoters (Pl to P5) into seven mRNAs differing only in their 5'-untranslated regions and coding for a single protein. The aim of the present work was to study the expression pattern of GGT promoters during differentiation of rat hepatic precursor cells into hepatocytes or biliary cells, in vivo and in vitro. I evidenced, using quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, that GGT gene transcription occurs from multiple promoters in liver cells depending upon their differentiation stage. Expression from the promoter P5 appears to be a characteristic of hepatic precursor cells before their commitment into hepatocytic or biliary lineage. Promoter P4 and P3 expression can be associated to biliary cells and to immature hepatocytes, respectively. In conclusion, GGT gene expression pattern is differentially altered along with differentiation of hepatic precursor cells into both hepatic lineages
Braunshausen, Andrea [Verfasser], Roger S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Goody et Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter. « Peptidinhibitoren der Transpeptidase Sortase A aus Staphylococcus aureus und Untersuchungen zur Ovothiol A-Biosynthese in Erwinia tasmaniensis / Andrea Braunshausen. Betreuer : Roger S. Goody. Gutachter : Roland Winter ». Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1099294843/34.
Texte intégralThérien, Ariane. « Développement d'une plateforme vaccinale polyvalente basée sur l'utilisation des nanoparticules du virus mosaïque de la papaye (PapMV) et de la transpeptidase Sortase A de Staphylococcus aureus ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27635.
Texte intégralVaccination remains to date the most effective intervention in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. PapMV nanoparticles have shown to be an efficient vaccine platform to increase antigens immunogenicity. While they have shown great potential, the insertion of antigens in the open reading frame (ORF) of the coat protein (CP) can affect its capacity to assemble into nanoparticles. We developed a new method to modify PapMV nanoparticles based on the use of bacterial transpeptidase sortase A (SrtA) to attach antigens directly onto assembled nanoparticles. SrtA attached long antigenic peptides (M2e and T20) onto PapMV nanoparticles without affecting their structural of immunological integrity. These nanoparticles induced strong antigen specific antibodies and fully protected PapMV-SrtA-M2e vaccinated mice against an influenza challenge. The use of the PapMV-SrtA platform will enable the faster and easier development of new vaccines.
David, Françoise. « Etude des GGT et transaminases chez une cohorte de peintres en aéronautique exposés aux solvants ». Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M001.
Texte intégralGURNANI, SERRANO CARLOS KARAN. « ROLE OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN REMODELING IN OVERCOMING LPS BIOGENESIS DEFECTS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/783882.
Texte intégralZanatta, Leila. « Mécanisme d'action de la 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 dans le cytochrome P-450 aromatase, l'influx de calcium et gamme glutamyl transpeptidase dans les testicules de rat : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux ». Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2089.
Texte intégral1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3. This hormone acts through a nuclear receptor (nVDR) and via rapid (nongenomic) response pathways associated to a putative membrane receptor (mVDR). The aim of the present work was to study the genomic and nongenomic actions of 1,25D in rat testis through the investigation of aromatase gene expression and the mechanisms involved on 45Ca2+ influx and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) in whole testis and Sertoli cells (SC). The results demonstrated that the basal levels of VDR transcripts were significantly higher in 30-day-old rat SC than in younger animals, but it was also present in adult GC (pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids). In SC from rats aged 10 days, the aromatase expression was significantly modified by 1,25D (10-7 M) after 24 h. In Sertoli cells from 30-day-old rat the aromatase expression increased (4 fold) after 6 h of incubation with 10-7 M of 1,25D and returned to control level after 24 h. The stimulation of aromatase gene expression in 30-day-old SC by the agonist 1β,25(OH)2 lumisterol3 (JN), and the suppression of 1,25D effect by the antagonists 1β,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (HL) and (23S)-25-1α-(OH) vitamin D3-26,23 lactone (MK) suggested, besides a genotropic effect of 1,25D the existence of a nongenotropic activation of VDR involving at least the PKA pathway. The results of 45Ca2+ influx in SC showed that 1,25D increased 45Ca2+ uptake at 5 and 15 min after hormone exposure, and that JN produced a similar effect suggesting that 1,25D action occurs via putative membrane receptor. Moreover, PKA, PKC and MEK beyond the Na+/K+ pump inhibition seem to be implicated. Also in the testis, the 1,25D increased the activity of GGTP after 30 and 60 min of hormone exposure and this effect was dependent of PKA activity