Thèses sur le sujet « Transporteurs ABC »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Transporteurs ABC ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Vorac, Jaroslav. « Le fonctionnement du transporteur ABC de Streptococcus pneumoniae impliqué dans la résistance contre les peptides antimicrobiens ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV009/document.
Texte intégralStreptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is a major human pathogen causing over a million deaths each year. Many pneumococcal strains display resistance towards antibiotics causing world-wide health concern. Some of these antibiotics are antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which are produced as a primary defense by hosts as well as pathogens. The pneumococcus harbors a system comprised of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and a two-component system (TCS) composed of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), which targets these molecules. It has been shown recently that the removal of this ABC transporter increases the sensitivity of the bacteria towards bacitracin. In this project, we tried to understand the functioning mechanism of the ABC transporter and the co-operation with the TCS using both in vivo and in vitro techniques
Matar, Merheb Rachel Rima. « Caractérisation d’une nouvelle génération de détergents stabilisateurs des transporteurs abc en solution : cristallisation de BmrA, transporteur ABC bactérien ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10303.
Texte intégralDue to their preponderance in the resistance to chemotherapies, the MDR ABC transporters have drawn the attention of the scientific community. Our project aimed at finding conditions in which ABC transporters are active in solution to lead the crystallization of these proteins in an active conformation. In this purpose, we conceived and developed a new class of detergents, based on calix[4]arene ring, that stabilize these proteins. In order to solve the 3D-structure to atomic resolution of bacterial ABC transporter “BmrA” responsible for antibiotic resistance, we used a classical approach with commercial detergents in addition to the innovative ones. We have crystallized the protein in presence of Foscholine 12 with a diffraction resolution up to 5 Å. The data was incomplete; solving partially the structure of the transmembrane domains. On the other hand, we have reached the objective of extraction, purification and stabilization of this transporter by using calix[4]arene-based detergents. We have also shown that these detergents promote and enhance the kinetics of crystallization of BmrA, a step that we are improving, to get crystals of better resolution, for resolving the BmrA 3D-structure which will be used to design adapted inhibitors
Koraichi, Farah. « Étude in vivo / in vitro de l'effet de la zéaralénone sur l'expression de transporteurs ABC majeurs lors d'une exposition gestationnelle ou néonatale ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10314/document.
Texte intégralZearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium that infect cereal crops. This Estrogenmimetic and endocrine disruptor affects the reproductive system. Upstream of the risk assessment of exposure to low doses of ZEN, we are interested in the effect of ZEN on the expression level of major ABC transporters. These efflux pumps are present in the barriers of organism (including testicular and placental barriers), where they protect tissues against the toxicity of their xenobiotic substrates. In this work, we first characterized the metabolism and tissue distribution of ZEN in rat and then evaluated respectively its short and long-term effect on ABC transporters expression after gestational and neonatal exposure. Our results highlight differences in the toxicokinetic behavior of ZEN by gender and hormonal status, and fetal and neonatal real exposure via the mother. ZEN modulates the expression of major ABC transporters in vivo (in the maternal organs, fetal liver, testis of young adult exposed J1-J5). The results of in vitro models (sertoli and placental cell lines) suggest that these variations are partly due to the interaction of ZEN with the estrogen receptors. The consequences of expression modulations of ABC transporters induced by ZEN could be dramatic for the development and health of individuals in adulthood and should be evaluated
Jorajuria, Sylvie. « Rôle des transporteurs ABC dans l'efficacité pharmacologique des antirétroviraux ». Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P618.
Texte intégralTreatment of AIDS is restricted by therapeutical escape, relying notably on modulation of P-gp and MRP. In primary cultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages, we evidence a transient increase of P-gp activity related to an increase of P-gp expression at cell surface and of P-gp mRNA. This transcriptional up-regulation is associated with a TNF-a overproduction and could result from the binding between viral gp120 and CCR5, one of HIV coreceptors. Same profile is obtained for MRP4 mRNA expression while those of MRP5 and MRP1 mRNA increase concomitantly with HIV replication. In parallel, we observe that anti-HIV effects of antiretroviral drugs such AZT and indinavir are increased when we inhibit the P-gp and/or MRP efflux with specific inhibitors (PSC833 and probenecid). Transduction pathways activated by PSC833 may account for AZT-induced mrp4 and mrp5 expression and thus for increased AZT antiviral efficacy in vitro
Broccardo, Cyril. « Etude de la sous-classe ABCA de la famille des transporteurs ABC : Analyse génomique et inactivation fonctionnelle du gène ABC-1 ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22011.
Texte intégralMingam, Rozenn. « Etude de la modulation de la production et de l'action des cytokines cérébrales : le rôle du recepteur P2X7 ». Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21407.
Texte intégralFribourg, Pierre-Frédéric. « Analyse structurale de transporteurs membranaires ABC d'efflux par microscopie électronique ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066579.
Texte intégralThe goals of the PhD thesis is the biochemical and the structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy of two « ATP-binding cassette » (ABC) membrane transporters, namely BmrA from B. Subtilis and ABCC2, a human transporter. ABC transporters are responsible for the ATP-dependent translocation across the cell membranes of a wide variety of organic endobiotics and xenobiotics. Several ABC transporters, including BmrA and ABCC2 are involved in a cellular multidrugs resistance against antibiotics, antiviral and anticancer agents. The absence of structural information on these ABC transporters prevents the conception of new inhibitors. In this context, we have characterized by electron microscopy BmrA in nucleotide-free and nucleotide bound conformation in a lipidic environment after reconstitution of BmrA at high protein densities. A tridimensional reconstruction at 23 Å resolution of the nucleotide-free conformation has been calculated from cryo-embebded samples by single particle analysis. A projection map at 16 Å of the nucleotide-bound conformation was calculated from 2D crystals. Overall, results revealed an inward-open conformation of BmrA in absence of nucleotides and an outward-facing conformation in post-hydrolytic state. This demonstrated a bellows-like mechanism of drugs transports involving a large conformational change that changes the cellular orientation of the drugs binding side upon ATP binding. ABCC2 has been purified and a 3D model at low resolution has been calculated from negatively stained images. Overall, the results have demonstrated the capacity of ABCC2 to be assembled in supramolecular organisation
Lakli, Mounia. « Pharmacothérapie ciblée de variants d'ABCB4, le transporteur biliaire de phospholipides ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ026.
Texte intégralABCB4/MDR3 is a transmembrane protein that secretes phosphatidylcholine, a fundamental component of bile, to the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Numerous mutations in the gene encoding this transporter are responsible for rare cholestatic diseases, the most severe one being progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3). To date, at least 50 % of patients do not respond to conventional treatments, making liver transplantation the ultimate alternative therapy. Thus, this thesis was dedicated to characterizing and validating new pharmacological correctors for three traffic-defective ABCB4 variants (I541F, L556R and I490T) retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In cell models, the biochemical and morphological analyses allowed us to identify three molecules able to rescue the maturation and canalicular localization of two variants. However, due to an inhibitory effect of these molecules on ABCB4 function, only one corrector was able to significantly restore the function of these variants. Combined with ivacaftor (VX 770, Kalydeco®), an approved modulator of activity for cystic fibrosis, an improvement and potentiation of ABCB4 activity was obtained. In silico molecular docking analyses were carried out to explore the mechanism of action of these compounds, suggesting an interaction of the drugs with ABCB4 residues involved in ATP binding/hydrolysis, which could explain the function inhibition effect. Furthermore, in vitro, the newly identified molecules increase the plasma membrane stability of ABCB4-WT and appear to inhibit its lysosomal degradation. Interestingly, the corrective effect of these molecules is conserved for an intracellular variant of the bile acid transporter ABCB11. This suggests the prospect of a consensus treatment for deficiencies of both ABC transporters. In conclusion, we have identified novel corrector compounds for intracellularly-retained ABCB4 variants. These results pave the way for their optimization to provide new drug candidates as potential alternatives to liver transplantation for patients with severe forms of ABCB4-related diseases
Ouellet, Mélissa. « La barrière hémato-encéphalique, les transporteurs ABC et la maladie d'Alzheimer ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25310/25310.pdf.
Texte intégralSchmid, Aline. « ABC transporteurs de Toxoplasma gondii et résistance médicamenteuse. Caractérisation et approche de la fonctionnalité dans les souches de référence, cliniques et traitées expérimentalement par la sulfadiazine ». Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMM207.
Texte intégralThe @apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, can infect humans and a wide range of vertebrates leading to toxoplasmosis. Treatment of toxoplasmosis usually uses a combination of a sulfamide with pyrimethamine; however, several failures have been reported in spite of a good observance of treatments. Common mechanisms of resistance are variations on the genes sequence encoding to the drug target (DHFR, DHPS) and/or on ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) with Pgp and MRP genes. In order to understand the failure mechanisms in T. Gondii, the objective of this study is to analyse full membrane ABC transporters TgABC. B1 and TgABC. B2: Pgp, TgABC. C1: MRP. The population structure of T. Gondii consists of three principal clonal lineages (types I,II and III) correlated with virulence expression. The three ABC genes are constitutively expressed in the three major T. Gondii genotypes but TgABC. B1 demonstrated a higher expression in virulent type I, at both transcriptional and translational levels. The existence of functional Pgp at T. Gondii is shown with an activity of efflux identical for three genotypes. A recent study on the strain’s sensitivity to treatment identify three strains with a weak sensitivity to sulfadiazine. The study of expression levels of three ABC genes didn’t show significant variation between resistant and sensitive strains. We showed an increase of the efflux activity to Pgp for the resistant strains. We were also interested in the influence of a treatment in utero by pyriméthamine/sulfadoxine on a congenital toxoplasmosis strain. We observed an increase of expression levels of TgABC. B1 and TgABC. C1 after treatment associated with an increase of the efflux activity of the Pgp, implying a modification phénotypic of the strain after toxoplasmosis treatment. We obtained by pressure in increasing doses a resistant RH strain for the sulfadiazine. This result doesn’t come along with a modulation of expression levels on the analysis genes, but with the population individualization which increase of the Pgp efflux activity
Drean, Antonin. « Potentialisation des chimiothérapies dans le traitement du glioblastome : étude des transporteurs ABC et ouverture de la barrière hémato-encéphalique par ultrasons ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS110/document.
Texte intégralGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and severe brain cancer for adults. Its dark prognosis in partly due to the resistance of these tumors to chemotherapies. One of the main causes of these resistances is the incapacity of chemotherapies to enter the brain from the blood circulation because of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), a specificity of cerebral blood vessels. By the injection of microbubbles and the delivery of ultrasound into the brain, it is possible to open this BBB to allow chemotherapies to enter the brain. We have showed that the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin gained efficacy when it was injectedafter this procedure. GBM can also exhibit resistance to chemotherapies by genetic mechanisms intrinsic to the tumor. We studied the expression and the impact on prognosis for GBM patients of the genes of the ABC transporters family, which member ABCA13 appeared important
Wasilewska, Aleksandra. « A Reverse Half-size ABC Transporter Integrates Light and Abscisic Acid Signals in Stomatal Osmoregulation ». Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112144.
Texte intégralMutations at the OPEN STOMATA3 (OST3) locus were identified by impaired stomatal closure in response to experimental progressive drought. Notably, the mutant guard cells are insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and are only partially sensitive to light. The OST3 gene encodes a reverse half ABC transporter, which is differentially expressed in the guard cells. The OST3 protein can homodimerize as shown by the Split Ubiquitin System (SUS) in yeast and BiFC in tobacco epidermal cells. Profiling of metabolites revealed glucose and fructose that are significantly elevated in mutant leaves. Note that inhibition of the H+-ATPases is known to block light-induced stomatal opening and causes elevated glucose and fructose levels. Indeed, OST3 was found to directly interact with OST2, a H+-ATPase that is negatively regulated by ABA. As ascertained by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, OST3 is laterally mobile in the plasma membrane (~0. 0011 µm2. Sec-1). OST2, in contrast, is laterally non-mobile. This suggests that qualitative change in signal integration and output could be attributed, at least in part, from the transient visit of OST2 by OST3. The excessive transpiration phenotype of ost3 is enhanced synergistically by ost1, a mutation affecting a specific ABA-activated kinase. OST3 was shown to physically interact with OST1 by SUS and BiFC. Moreover, the N-terminal domain of OST3 contains at least three targets of phosphorylation by OST1. Thus, the activity of OST3 in signal integration may be altered by phosphorylation, as well as by visits to other membrane components such as OST2
Pamard, Davia. « AtABCA1, un transporteur de la famille ATP-Binding Cassette impliqué dans la croissance du tube pollinique chez Arabidopsis thaliana ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22015.pdf.
Texte intégralHere, we report the study of the only full-length transporter of the ABCA subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana called AtABCA1. We cloned the AtABCA1 gene which includes 40 exons corresponding to 5,6 kb. It's the largest ABC transporter in Arabidopsis and presents ABCA subfamily specifics motifs and topology, consisting in two structurally related tandem arranged halves with a large exocytoplasmic domain followed by a multispanning membrane domain and a nucleotide binding domain. By northern-blot and quantitative RT-PCR studies, we demonstrate that AtABCA1 is fully expressed in anthers, especially in tapetum and pollen grains. In addition, the expression profile of AtABCA1 transcript is enhanced by cold treatment. Using a knock-out mutant, we demonstrate that AtABCA1 is implicated in regulation of pollen tube elongation. In conclusion, we proposed that AtABCA1 is implicated in lipids and/or sterols repartition at protective layers and cellular membrane of pollen grain and regulate the pollen tube elongation
Pozza, Alexandre. « Surexpression hétérologue et purification du transporteur membranaire ABCG2 : mécanisme d'interaction avec des substrats et des inhibiteurs spécifiques ». Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10327.
Texte intégralABCG2 is an ABC half-transporter involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Our aim is to understand the mechanism of transport and of interaction with specific inhibitors. After some unsuccessful attempts in bacteria, ABCG2 was functionally overexpressed with the insect cells/baculovirus system. The effects of some inhibitors on ATPase activity were studied, as well as the capacity of binding to the purified transporter. This allowed to bring evidence for a different inhibition mechanism for the same inhibitor between the wild-type and R482T mutant of the transporter. The difference in transport-substrate spectrum induced by the mutation is not due to binding, but more likely related to membrane translocation. The recombinant protein appears as two bands, the difference of which is probably of conformational origin
Raherison, Sophie. « Etude physiologique de l'efflux actif dans la résistance aux fluoroquinolones chez Mycoplasma hominis, caractérisation moléculaire de son support génétique ». Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28992.
Texte intégralGeillon, Flore. « Etude structure/fonction du demi-transporteur ABCD2 dans le contexte de l'Adrénoleucodystrophie liée à l'X ». Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS067/document.
Texte intégralX-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the peroxisomal half-transporter ABCD1, implicated in very long chain fatty acids import. Two additional half-transporters are located in the peroxisomal membrane: ABCD2 and ABCD3. Over-expression of ABCD2 is known to compensate for ABCD1 deficiency, making ABCD2 a therapeutic target for X-ALD treatment. In this context, the main objective of my thesis was to investigate the function and the structure of ABCD2, and more broadly, of peroxisomal ABC transporters.Half-transporters must at least dimerize to form a functional transporter. Alternative dimerization could modulate substrate specificity. In order to test this hypothesis, we engineered plasmidic constructs encoding chimeric ABCD dimers, whose functionality has been evaluated by transient transfection in two cell models (human fibroblasts and yeasts). Our results show that, ABCD1 and ABCD2 are functional whatever their dimeric organization. Besides, like other ABC transporters, peroxisomal ABC transporters could oligomerize. By using a multi-technical approach (co-immunoprecipitation, velocity sucrose gradient and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments) on stably transfected hepatoma cells expressing ABCD2-EGFP, we demonstrate that ABCD2-EGFP interacts with ABCD1 and ABCD3, and that peroxisomal ABC transporters oligomerize. The perspectives will consist in determining which factors control the oligomerization process and understanding the functional value of these interactions
Chedik, Lisa. « Nature et conséquences des interactions entre transporteurs membranaires et pesticides ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B035/document.
Texte intégralThe general population is chronically exposed to pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides, mainly through alimentation. Several epidemiological studies have found an association between non-occupational exposure to these pesticides and chronic diseases and developmental disorders. Paradoxically, their biological fate in humans is poorly understood. Some studies suggest that these insecticides could interact with ABC and SLC membrane transporters. These membrane proteins, located at blood-tissue interfaces (liver, kidney, intestine ...), handle many endogenous substrates, drugs and pollutants. The objective of our study was to characterize, using an in vitro approach, the effects of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides on the activity of numerous ABC and SLC human drug-transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1, -2B1, -1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 and MATE2K). We have also tried to analyze the mechanisms of interactions and the structural requirements for insecticides-mediated modulation of drug transporters activities using in vitro and in silico approach. We have shown that many organophosphorus and pyrethroids are able to inhibit ABC (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) and SLC (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) transporters and can stimulate the activity of some OATPs. Moreover, the tested pesticides inhibited very strongly the activity of OCT1 and OCT2 and blocked catecholamine transport mediated by these transporters. A qSAR approach allowed to define physicochemical parameters associated with the modulating effects of pesticides and a molecular docking approach revealed the P-gp binding sites involved in these interactions. The consequences of transporter activitie modulation, in terms of toxic effects and drug interactions, remain to be defined for populations exposed to high doses of pesticides, occurring notably in response to poisoning. However the alterations of these transporter activities by insecticides are unlikely to contribute to organophosphorus or pyrethroids toxicities of chronic low-dose exposure
Olivier, Maryline. « Rôle du transporteur ABCG1 dans l’homéostasie lipidique cellulaire : implications physiopathologiques chez l'homme ». Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066733.
Texte intégralCescau, Sandra. « Sécrétion de l'hémophore HasA de Serratia marcescens via un transporteur ABC ». Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077213.
Texte intégralThe Type I secretion System makes it possible the Gram negative bacteria to export proteins presenting an uncleaved C-terminal secretion signal. The transporter are constituted of 3 proteins: a membrane ATPase of the large family of ABC proteins, a second cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane protein belonging to TolC family. TolC is multifunctional. It participates also to efflux pump which expulse detergents and antibiotics. When they are co-expressed, T1SS and efflux pump share TolC without lost of functionality. The secretion complex is not permanently associated. Its formation is induced by the interaction between the secretion signal and the ABC protein. The oligomerisation of the transporter has been studied by several biochemical approaches: affinity chromatography and cross-linking. Th molecular mechanisms of the association-dissociation of the transporter are unknown. During this work, the model studied was the T1SS of the HasA hemophore of S. Marcescens. We have shown that Has deleted for its C-terminal secretion signal induced a stable oligomerisation of the transporter, trapping TolC proteins. The unavailability of TolC molecules for the efflux pump involved a increased SDS sensitivity. The hyperproduction of the TolC protein reversed this phenotype. The expression of the secretion signal as a single molecule also restored the resistance This suggests that the secretion signal is active in an intermolecular manner. Thus, the hemophore presents 2 interaction domains with the ABC protein: the secretion signal and a second site name the anchoring domain
Jeannesson, Elise Siest Gérard Visvikis-Siest Sophie. « Analyse génétique et transcriptomique du transporteur ABCB1 en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire ». S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0130_JEANNESSON.pdf.
Texte intégralLang, Manon. « Un nouveau mécanisme d’entrée des aminosides dans les bactéries Gram-négative ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS143.
Texte intégralThe number of deaths due to multidrug-resistant bacteria was over one million in 2019, demonstrating that the fight against pathogenic bacteria is a major public health issue. Aminoglycosides (AGs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics, effective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their ability to cross the double membrane barrier using the proton motive force, but the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. Our laboratory has discovered a novel mechanism of entry of AGs into V. cholerae via sugar transporters. In this study, we showed that overexpression in Escherichia coli of multiple carbohydrate transporters increased sensitivity to AGs while deletion of a single transporter had little impact on sensitivity, suggesting a redundancy of these transporters capable of compensating for each other and limiting the development of resistance. Using a "proof-of-concept" transporter called CmtA, we confirmed that differential entry of AGs was linked to the deletion or overexpression of this transporter. This mechanism is shared with other pathogens, since the same sensitivity to AGs was observed upon overexpression of sugar transporters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Increasing the production of these transporters in response to the presence of a substrate in vivo could allow for greater efficacy and lower side effects of AG therapies by allowing better uptake by bacteria. We therefore sought a substrate capable of increasing the expression of transporters involved in AG uptake, and identified the ribonucleoside uridine as an activator. The addition of uridine to the culture medium allows for greater AG uptake in E. coli and did not show a mutant appearance. By mimicking a urinary tract infection with a synthetic medium, the addition of uridine potentiates AG treatment by decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration of AGs and accelerating death kinetics. We propose uridine as a potentiator of GA treatment by co-administering an AG with uridine to stimulate its entry. This study paves the way for improving these treatments by using carbohydrates to stimulate AGs molecules uptake
Lorendeau, Doriane. « Eradication ciblée des cellules cancéreuses chimiorésistantes par des activateurs du transporteur de drogues MRP1 : mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993955.
Texte intégralJoseph, Pascale. « Relations entre systèmes de régulation à deux composants et transporteurs ABC chez Bacillus subtilis ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22024.
Texte intégralBessadok, Anis. « La multiplicité de transport de la P-glycoprotéine : études de modélisation comparative et de docking au sein de la famille des protéines ABC ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066225.
Texte intégralZarubica, Ana. « Influence du transporteur ABCA1 sur le microenvironnement lipidique de la membrane plasmique ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22025.pdf.
Texte intégralThe ABCA1 transporter is involved in the Apo A-I/mediated removal of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol at the cell membrane. Considering that ABCA1 acts as lipid translocator we investigated the effect of the transporter on membrane lipid microenvironment. By biochemical assays, we demonstrated that the ATP-ase activity of ABCA1 modifies the partitioning in lipid rafts of the transporter itself and other membrane proteins such as the transferrin receptor (TfR), TfR dynamic kinetics and down regulates TfR-mediated endocytosis. We then assessed by biophysical methods, cationic sensors and FLIM, significant modifications of membrane attributes at the inner and outer leaflet in the presence of ABCA1. Furthermore, we evidenced overall changes in membrane dynamics in the presence of ABCA1 by FRAP. Finally, we correlate the mechanistic basis of ABCA1-dependent modulation of macrophage phenotype with the influence of ABCA1 on lipid raft dependent signaling downstream of IFNγR
Norez, Caroline. « Mécanismes et correction pharmacologique de l'adressage de la protéine mutée F508del-CFTR ». Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2332.
Texte intégralMost patients suffering from Cystic Fibrosis have the F508del mutation on at least one CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) allele which results in misfolding and gating flaw of CFTR. The aim of this work was focused on identifying compounds able to rescue the trafficking of F508del-CFTR. By inhibiting the deglucosylation of F508del-CFTR, miglustat, an α,1-2 glucosidase inhibitor, rescues the F508del-CFTR protein to the cell surface preventing its interaction with calnexin. Moreover, the modulation of Ca2+ level in the endoplasmic reticulum corrects F508del-CFTR trafficking preventing its interaction with calnexin. Finally, we identified a novel mechanism for correction of F508del-CFTR by the benzo[c]quinolizinium potentiators interacting with CFTR via the amino acid G622 to protect the channel from proteasome degradation. Research on the mechanisms of biosynthesis, trafficking and degradation of F508del-CFTR protein reveals new strategies for CF drug targets
Dalmas, Olivier Grégory. « Caractérisation des changements de conformation de BmrA, un transporteur ABC de multiples drogues chez Bacillus subtilis : exploitation des modèles structuraux ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10056.
Texte intégralMarchand, Philipp. « Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique de protéines impliquées dans des pathologies humaines : activité enzymatique des domaines de liaison aux nucléotides de la protéine de résistances aux drogues MRP1 et informations structurales par RMN du solide sur la protéine du prion ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066250.
Texte intégralIn the present work we dealt with two independent projects. The aim of the first part was to produce and functionally and/or structurally characterize the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) of the human ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1, which are needed to power the transport of substrates across the cell membrane, e. G. The export of chemotherapeutics from cancer cells. While a crystal structure together with functional reports are available for isolated NBD1, it has so far not been possible to produce large quantities of monomeric NBD2 to enable a more extensive structural/enzymatic characterization. Here, we tested a series of new approaches to increase the solubility of NBD2 expressed as a recombinant protein in E. Coli, including the use of different constructs, co-expression of chaperones, expression in inclusion bodies and refolding. Unfortunately this did not sufficiently improve the quality of NBD2 samples in terms of oligomeric state to envisage further investigation by NMR. In contrast, NBD1 could be produced and purified. The wildtype protein together with an a priori non ATP-binding mutant were tested for adenylate kinase activity, which had been reported for other ABC transporters, but which we showed not to be part of the activity spectrum of NBD1. In the second part we dealt with the H2H3 domain of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing protein PrP in its amyloid conformation. The main objective was to improve sample quality for solid state NMR measurements by oligomerization pathway selection. Within the scope of this project we could show that the H2H3 domain is sufficient for structural information transference during fibrillation
Dalmas, Fabien. « Identification moléculaire des canaux anioniques de la cellule de garde chez Arabidopsis thaliana ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22054.pdf.
Texte intégralLainé-Ramaen, Odile. « Caractérisation biochimique et structurale des domaines de liaison au nucléotide (NBD) de transporteurs ABC ». Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112059.
Texte intégralABC-proteins (« ATP-Binding Cassette ») form one of the largest families of membrane proteins. In these proteins, nucleotide binding domains hydrolyze ATP and produce energy necessary to the transport of the substrates across the membrane channel. We are interested in the NBDs of three ABC transporters: two human proteins, MRP1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) and CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ), and a bacterial protein Vga(A). We studied the potential interaction of NBD1CFTR with glutathione, whose transport would constitute a function of CFTR, different from the transport of chlorides ions. In addition, we undertook the biochemical characterization of Vga(A), an ABC bi-domain conferring resistance to streptogramin A in Staphylococcus aureus. We showed that resistance implied the interaction between Vga(A) and the antibiotic, whereas it is generally admitted that in ABC transporters it is the transmembrane domain forming the pore which determines the specificity of substrate. Finally, we carried out the biochemical characterization of isolated NBDs from MRP1. We showed that they have a weak ATPase activity and form a transient dimer implying the signature sequence, characteristic of ABC-proteins. The interactions detected between these NBDs and intracytoplasmic loops could be responsible for the transmission of information to the membrane pore. This work constitutes the first study concerning MRP1 combining biochemistry, cristallography and NMR
Bérézowski, Vincent. « Transporteurs et barrière hémato-encéphalique : nouveaux acteurs d'une barrière sélective ». Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0402.
Texte intégralThe maintenance of the brain interstitial fluid homeostasis, which constitutes the special microenvironment for neurons, is established by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the transition area from capillary endothelial cells (ECs) to brain tissue. Glial cells (GCs), the nearest neighbours of brain capillaries, have been shown to induce some of the specialised properties of the ECs. Using an in vitro model of the BBB, consisting of a co-culture of brain capillary ECs and GCs, we have demonstrated the involvement of several transporters (Tps) in the transport of different compounds across the BBB endothelium. Besides P-glycoprotein, involved in drug efflux activity at the EC luminal side, the transcripts of MRP1, 4, 5 and 6 have been detected in ECs and GCs but also in pericytes with the ability to influence endothelial MRP6 expression. This proteins act as efflux pumps limiting drug delivery to the brain. Furthermore, drug-drug interactions could be toxic for BBB integrity. However, nutrients need to be provided to the brain to insure its good functionning. This supply requires specialised Tps. Carnitine is known to accumulate in brain where it enhances acetylcholine synthesis, which could explain its beneficial effects observed in the treatment of senile dementia. The first steps of this transport process have been characterised, demonstrating the involvement of the OCTN2 and B0,+ Tps. Our studies underline the necessity for our in vitro BBB model to be characterised, in a view to an optimal control leading to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the BBB metabolic barrier with constitutes the obstacle to clear in order to treat cerebral deseases
Disdier, Clémence. « Evaluation of TiO2 exposure impact on adult and vulnerable brains ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS097/document.
Texte intégralThe overwhelming presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in products including foods, medications, cosmetics, or textiles raises serious concerns about their potential harmful effects on human health. In the wide diversity of NPs, titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs are among those produced on a large industrial scale and can already be found in several commercial products such as paints, cosmetics or in environmental decontamination systems. In the past, TiO2 NPs was considered inert, but, very recently, the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) has classified TiO2 as possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) to human beings. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the potential neuro-toxicity of TiO2 NPs, but very few studies focus on the central nervous system (CNS), Nowadays, notwithstanding the reported advances, the biokinetic and bioaccumulation ofTiO2 NPs and the consequences on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo are unknown. In addition, NPs effect on susceptible population such as the elderly have been mostly ignored. In this context, the target of the present studies is to evaluate the in vivo impact of exposure to NPs on the BBB physiology and brain inflammation which could promote neurotoxicity in young adults and aging. Our results have shown that TiO2 NPs bioaccumulate in organs and tissues (lungs, spleen and liver especially) and don’t translocate to the brain either after IV or subacute inhalation exposure. In IV administration case, the direct interaction between NPs and brain endothelial cells induces BBB functional alterations. Despite the lack of CNS translocation, the biopersistence of titanium in peripheral organs may be indirectly the cause of BBB permeability alteration and brain inflammation. The involvement of circulating mediators linking titanium biopersitence in peripheral organs and brain impact has been demonstrated using an in vitro BBB model. An exacerbated response in term of neuro-inflammation and BBB permeability modulation has established the vulnerability of the aging brain to inhaled NPs toxicity. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that despite lack of brain translocation, exposure to TiO2 NPs induce BBB physiology alteration and neuro-inflammation that may lead to CNS disorders. Thereafter, identification of mediators and description of the neurotoxic effects may complete the assessment of the impact of TiO2 NPs exposure on the brain
Raad, Imad. « Coumarines naturelles et de synthèse inhibitrices de transporteurs ABC impliqués dans le phénomène de chimiorésitance ». Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10180.
Texte intégralHembury, Alexandra. « Barrière hémato-encéphalique humaine et endothéline 1 : régulation des transporteurs ABC et des cytokines inflammatoires ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364210.
Texte intégralLa BHE est impliquée dans la neuro-inflammation et les maladies cérébrales associées, et la littérature laisse penser que l'endothéline 1 (ET-1) y joue un rôle important. En utilisant un modèle in vitro autologue de BHE humaine adulte et un modèle in vitro de BHE humaine fœtale (co-culture de cellules gliales et de cellules endothéliales microvasculaires cérébrales), nous avons étudié l'effet de l'ET-1 sur la Pgp.
Une différence, en termes de modulation de l'activité de la Pgp, a été observée entre la BHE fœtale et la BHE adulte suite à l'exposition à l'ET-1. Nous avons également évalué la modulation induite par l'ET-1 sur la sécrétion de la MCP-1 (Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) et de l'IL-8. Les résultats montrent que l'ET-1 diminue l'activité de la Pgp et induit la sécrétion de MCP-1 et d'IL-8.
Jacqueroux, Elodie. « Rôles des transporteurs ABC dans la variabilité pharmacocinétique des anticoagulants oraux directs : approche in vitro ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES057.
Texte intégralThe replacement of VKAs by DOACs is increasing, due to less constraining use for the patient and lower intra- and interindividual variability. Contrary to VKAs, DOACs are substrates of efflux pumps. These transporters are involved in the pharmacokinetics of DOACs, particularly in their absorption and both biliary and renal elimination. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the role of P-gp and BCRP transporters in the pharmacokinetic variability of rivaroxaban, a direct specific activated factor X inhibitor. The first study focused on the interaction between riociguat and two DOACs, apixaban and rivaroxaban. The IC50 estimate highlighted the ability of the transfected MDCK cell models to detect the inhibition of BCRP-mediated efflux of both DOACs by riociguat, although this inhibition was not sufficiently strong to be clinically relevant. The second study focused on factors that could affect the results of in vitro rivaroxaban transport studies, in particular the expression levels of ABC transporters. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a higher expression of P-gp and BCRP in transfected MDCK cells but also a different expression of transporters between two Caco-2 models coming from a different cell bank. Rivaroxaban efflux ratios and IC50s of specific inhibitors were correlated with the quantity of transporters detected in the different cell models. The third study was based on the development of an in vitro mode] of hepatic transport using the HepaRG cell line. HepaRG cells had characteristics similar to in vivo hepatocytes, particularly expression of functional canalicular efflux transporters which are involved in the biliary secretion of rivaroxaban. Accumulation studies showed that rivaroxaban was a substrate of hepatic efflux transporters and that canalicular secretion decreased in the presence of P-gp and BCRP inhibitors. Finally, in vitro cell models highlight the involvement of two efflux transporters, P-gp and BCRP, at the intestinal, renal and hepatic levels in the disposition of rivaroxaban, and that this transport can contribute to the pharmacokinetic variabilitv of rivaroxaban
Blot, Nicolas. « Transport des oligogalacturonides chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi ». Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10277.
Texte intégralDuong, Franck. « La protéase alcaline de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : modèle d'etude de la secrétion des protéines par la voie ABC-dépendante ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22031.
Texte intégralRayapuram, Naganand. « Insights into understanding the maturation of c-type cytochromes in plant mitochondria ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13127.
Texte intégralBruneau, Alix. « Régulation de l'expression membranaire du transporteur de phospholipides biliaires ABCB4 : effet de mutations Functional Defect of Variants in the Adenosine Triphosphate–Binding Sites of ABCB4 and Their Rescue by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator, Ivacaftor (VX-770) Structural analogues of roscovitine rescue the intracellular traffic and the function of ER-retained ABCB4 variants in cell models ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS048.
Texte intégralABCB4 is exclusively expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes where its function is to translocate phosphatidylcholine (PC) into bile. Variations in ABCB4 gene sequence are associated with several chronic and progressive liver diseases. The most severe is PFIC3 which develops early in childhood and most often requires liver transplantation. Less severe diseases are the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the low phospholipid- associated cholelithiasis syndrome which occur in young adults. Up to now, about 500 disease-causing ABCB4 variants have been reported. A challenge is to find pharmacological treatments for the severe forms of the diseases. We have studied the effect of five disease-causing variations that reside in the highly conserved motifs of ABC transporters, involved in ATP binding. Using three-dimension structural modeling and in vitro studies, we showed that the five mutants were normally processed and targeted to the plasma membrane, whereas their PC secretion activity was dramatically decreased. PC secretion activity of the mutants was rescued by the clinically approved CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770). These results pave the way for personalized therapy in ABCB4-related diseases.The second part of my project was aimed at investigating the potential role of two ABCB4 partners, the kinase MRCKalpha and its effector the myosin light chain II (MLCII) in the expression and function of ABCB4. We found that downregulation of both partners didn’t affect the canalicular localization of ABCB4 but led to a reduction of its endocytosis. Our results open new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ABCB4 expression and function
Zeinyeh, Waël. « Conception et synthèse d’hétérocycles azotés et de dérivés stéroïdiens, modulateurs potentiels de transporteurs ABC (glycoprotéine-P) ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10325/document.
Texte intégralMulti-drug resistance (MDR) is characterized by a simultaneous resistance to a wide range of structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents, partly caused by the efflux of active compounds out of the cell. ABC transporters (ATP-Binding Cassette) are transmembrane proteins implicated in this efflux, and thus, they contribute to the failure of some cancer treatments. Furthermore, this mechanism was evoked in some microorganism resistances to antimicrobial agents. In this study, we designed and synthesized potential inhibitors of ABC transporters, especially P-glycoprotein (Pgp) implicated in human tumors multi-drug resistance, and CpABC3, a transporter found in a human parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. First, we synthesized three 4-alkyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-7-one derivatives, targeting ATP-binding site of ABC transporters. Their biological activities were evaluated toward a recombinant fragment of the CpABC3 transporter (H6-NBD1 fragment). One of these compounds showed a weak-binding to this fragment. Next, we prepared seventeen progesterone-adenine hybrids as potential bivalent ligands which may bind simultaneously to the ATP-binding site and the steroid-binding region. We chose to synthesize derivatives with rather short-length linkers with different conformational flexibilities. These bivalent compounds were tested on K562/R7 human leukemic cells overexpressing Pgp. One of them has showed a better activity than progesterone. Finally, we optimized the synthesis of oligocyclohexylidene chains, which are good candidates to constitute rigid linkers
Nuñez, Samudio Virginia. « Etude de Msr (D) une protéine ABC bi-domaine impliquée dans la résistance aux macrolides ». Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077031.
Texte intégralMacrolide efflux among streptococci, identified as M phenotype, is one of the two most prevalent mechanisms of résistance to these widely used antibiotics. It is described as involving two protein determinants coded by an operon always present in the genetic structures disseminating the resistance. One of the two determinants is a protein belonging to the MF (Membrane Facilitator) superfamily and having twelve predicted transmembrane segments. The other is a dual ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) protein devoid of any transmembrane segment, whose properties are here studied in Escherichia coli to decipher its role in the resistance. In this work, we have showed that the ABC protein, designated hereafter Msr(D), is able to confer the résistance traits o the M phenotype in E. Coli while the MFS protein gives a low-level resistance that is directed only against erythromycin The combined increase in resistance levels toward erythromycin and azithromycin when both proteins are présent has demonstrated a synergistic effect suggesting that Msr(D) would facilitate the action of the MFS protein in the macrolide efflux. We have validated the hypothesis of a molecular interaction between the two polypeptides by using genetic and biochemical approaches, and also fluorescence microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of a functional cooperation between an ABC component and a MFS transporter; the direct or indirect embroilment of Msr(D) in the efflux process is still to be clarified
Zeinyeh, Waël. « Conception et synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés et de dérivés stéroïdiens, modulateurs potentiels de transporteurs ABC (glycoprotéine-P) ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874305.
Texte intégralBoisnard, Stéphanie. « Identification er rôle des transporteurs ABC peroxysomaux dans le développement sexué du champignon filamenteux P. Anserina ». Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112073.
Texte intégralPeroxisomes play essential roles in cellular metabolism. Their importance is exemplified by the existence of severe (and often lethal) human disorders in which one or more peroxisomal functions are impaired. In our laboratory, the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is used as a model system to study different biological processes. In this fungus, we have previously observed that the peroxisome assembly pex2 mutants (Zellweger Syndrome in humans) are impaired in sexual differentiation (Berteaux-Lecellier et al. , 1995). To confirm this unexpected link between peroxisome and sexual development in P. Anserina, we took advantage of the following experiments. In mammalian pex2 mutant cells lines, overexpression of one of the peroxisomal ABC transporters PMP70 or ALDP restores peroxisome assembly (Braiterman et al. , 1998). Until now, the mechanism of this suppression remains unclear. We have shown that expression of the human PMP70 cDNA in a P. Anserina pex2 mutant strain partially restores both peroxisome biogenesis, as it does in a mammalian pex2 mutant cell line, and also sexual differentiation (Boisnard et al. , submitted). This heterologous suppression ascertains a role for peroxisomes in sexual development in this fungus. Interestingly, our study has also disclosed an unexpected detrimental defect of hPMP70 cDNA expression in a wild-type background (pex2+): it leads to an abnormal distribution of both nuclei and peroxisomes during sexual differentiation. This last discovery prompted us to clone the two "expected" genes encoding peroxisomal ABC transporters in P. Anserina. These genes have been sequenced and the experiments performed with the first peroxisomal ABC transporter ABC1, which display 35% identity with PMP70, confirm the results obtained with the human cDNA. Further studies are in progress with the second gene ABC2 and should help to understand the involvement of peroxisomal ABC transporters in differentiation as well as their physiological role(s)
Delhorme, Jean-Baptiste. « Etude des mécanismes de chimiorésistance dans les cancers digestifs : impact de CDX2 et des transporteurs ABC ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ119.
Texte intégralChemoresistance represents a major drawback in digestive cancers’ management and may be achieved particularly through active efflux of the drug through overexpression of ABC transporters The transcription factor CDX2 is a master regulator of intestinal identity that acts as a tumor suppressor in the colon and may be important for drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) as MDR1/ABCB1 was recently identified as one of its target genes. Here, we confirmed the role of CDX2 in the chemoresistance of CRC. We showed through a translational approach that CDX2 overexpression is implicated in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance in CRC and described the molecular mechanisms implicated in this finding. We identified the 5-FU transporter ABCC11 as a new transcriptional target of CDX2 whose activity contributes to the 5-FU-chemoresistance of colon cancer cells. Remarkably, CDX2 expression correlates with the expression of ABCC11 in human colon tumors, but also with the one of the DPYD, enzyme involved in the 5-FU break down. Thus, our study links for the first time CDX2 to the 5-FU metabolism and provides a molecular mechanism for its impact on 5-FU-based chemotherapy
Arnaud, Ophélie. « Étude fonctionnelle de la région intracellulaire d’ABCG2 et modulation d’ABCG2 et ABCB1 humains par des petidomimétiques non compétitifs ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10091/document.
Texte intégralResistance to chemotherapy is partly due to efflux pumps expressed in the plasma membrane which prevent the accumulation of anticancer drugs in the tumour cells. Three human ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are particularly involved in this phenotype: P-gp/ABCB1, MRP1/ABCC1, and the last discovered BCRP/ABCG2. Because of their involvement in chemoresistance, it is critical to understand the mechanism by which those ABC transporters recognize and transport drugs. The mutagenesis study of the intracellular loops, ICL0 and 1 shows that these loops are involved in this mechanism. Two amino acids were particularly remarkable: W379 which act as a substrate filter and H457 which can be involved in substrate recognition and binding. In order to restore the cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, we have developed a new class of peptide inhibitors, specific to one transporter. A structure-activity relationship study has been performed and made it possible to develop a second generation of molecules. The most efficient compound inhibiting ABCB1 (CT1347) or ABCG2 (CT1364) have none or limitated cytotoxic effects. These compounds restore the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs and act as non competitive inhibitors. Moreover, CT1364 inhibits the ATP hydrolysis activity and lead to a rapid reduction of ABCG2 expression. Initial in vivo tests that have been carried out with CT1364 associated with irinotecan allow to observe a growth reduction of small mice xenografts
Garrido, Edith. « Le transcriptome ABC dans la différenciation, la détoxication et la chimiorésistance ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003651.
Texte intégralGiraud, Carole. « Facteurs de viariabilité de l'expression et de l'activité des transporteurs lymphocytaires chez l'homme ». Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P612.
Texte intégralThe efficacy of drugs acting within human lymphocytes (anticancerous, immunosuppressive, antiretroviral drugs) depends from their intracellular concentrations which could be modulated by efflux transporters including P-glycoprotein, MRPs proteins and BCRP. Thus, the identification of the factors modulating the expression and activity of these transporters is of major interest. We studied in particular the influence of two factors : the human development and induction by co-administered drugs. Regarding the influence of age, 94 children (age range, 0-18 years) and 25 adults were included within a biomedical study. We demonstrated that P-gp activity was high during the first six months of life in T lymphocytes and NK cells. Besides, we established gene expression profiles of the main transporters in lymphocytes as a function of age and showed that BCRP and MRP4 had a higher relative gene expression level at birth than after one month of life. Finally, we also demonstrated the lack of induction of P-gp in lymphocytes in vitro (CCRF-CEM cells), ex vivo (PBMCs) and in vivo by three molecules known for their inductive properties : rifampicin, phenobarbital and efavirenz, and explained in part this result by the weak expression measured for the nuclear receptors PXR and CAR genes within these cells. In parallel to these results, we did not show any influence of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapies neither on P-gp activity in children nor on the gene expression profiles of transporters in lymphocytes
Manceau, Sandra. « Modulation de l'expression des transporteurs membranaires au niveau des lymphocytes et du placenta chez l'homme ». Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P614.
Texte intégralThe efficacy of drugs acting within human lymphocytes, as well as the rate of transplacental transfer of numerous drugs, may be modulated by the expression level of ABC transporters. Among the variability factors influencing their expression levels, we were interested in testing whether several co-treatments, involving different nuclear receptors, could be inducers of these transporters. We showed that rifampicin and phenobarbital did not induce P-gp in lymphocytes, neither in an vitro model (CCRF-CEM cells), nor ex vivo (PBMC). Moreover, there was no data regarding nor dexamethasone neither other ABC transporters. We showed that dexamethasone could induce P-gp expression by around 8-fold, and to a lesser extent MRP2 and MRP5 expression in CCRF-CEM cells. We also studied the influence of glucocorticoides on human cytotrophoblasts ex vivo et showed that dexamethasone and betamethasone induced significantly P-gp expression (by around 4-fold). Conversely, prednisone had no effect. The quantification of nuclear receptors’ expression by qRT-PCR may participate to explain globally these results. Indeed, we showed that PXR and CAR had a very weak expression in lymphocytes, compared to the high expression level of GR in lymphocytes and cytotrophoblasts. As a conclusion, the present work brought to light that the risks of drug interactions caused by inducers at the lymphocyte level and mediated by PXR are CAR are likely to be limited (rifampicin, phenobarbital) and that they may be higher for drugs whose induction pathway is mediated by GR (glucocorticoides). Similar results were obtained in cytotrophoblasts, which are the main cells constituting the human placental barrier
Boukherissa, Amira. « Study ot the coevolution between antimicrobial peptides and peptide transporters in legume-rhizobium symbiosis ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB043.
Texte intégralLegume plants under nitrogen deficiency can enter a symbiotic interaction with N₂-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. In five legume clades, an exploitive strategy called Terminal Bacteroid Differentiation (TBD) has evolved in which rhizobia undergo extreme differentiation. Terminally differentiated bacteria are larger, polyploid, have a permeabilized membrane, and are better at N₂ fixation, providing a higher return on investment for the plant. We know that in several members of the distantly related Inverted Repeat Lacking Clade (IRLC, e.g., Medicago spp.) and the Dalbergioid clade (e.g., Aeschynomene spp.), this differentiation process is triggered by a set of apparently unrelated plant antimicrobial peptides with membrane damaging activity known as Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptides. In turn, rhizobia exposed to NCR stress requires an ABC peptide transporter of the BacA family to cope with this stress. However, whether NCR peptides or similar peptides are also found in other clades where this occurs and the evolutionary relation among these peptides remains unknown. In this project, we tested whether NCR peptides and BacA peptide transporters evolved independently in the different legume clades that induce TBD and their rhizobia, implying convergent coevolution, both at phenotypic and molecular levels. We combined molecular evolution analyses with functional assays, thus providing experimentally informed knowledge on the fundamental question of the part of contingency and repeatability in evolution while simultaneously generating new tools to engineer a more efficient symbiosis
Vignault, Céline. « Etude de trois transporteurs de monosaccharides impliqués dans le developpement de la baie de raisin (vitis vinefera L. ) : identification, caractérisation, localisation et régulation ». Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2331.
Texte intégralGrapevine is mainly cultivated for its berries, which are of major economical interest. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved in sugar accumulation, we identified three monosaccharide transporters : VvHT1 (Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1), VvHT2 et VvHT6. VvHT1 have been characterized in heterologous yeast system as a plasma membrane glucose transporter. The combine use of in situ hybridization and immnunogold labelling, allowed us to localize VvHT1 at the sieve element – companion cell interface. As attempts to express VvHT2 and VvHT6 in yeast failed, we decided to use transgenic approach. Thus, transient expression experiments in plant protoplasts allowed us to localize both VvHT2-GFP and VvHT6-GFP at the tonoplast. In order to characterize VvHT2 and VvHT6, sugar uptake experiments were performed on the transgenic cells overexpressing either VvHT2 or VvHT6. The results obtained revealed that the overexpression of VvHT2 resulted in a glucose influx of less importance in comparison to the control and that the overexpression of VvHT6 was responsible of a more important glucose influx compared to the control. In order to better understand the regulation of the expression of these transporters during grape berry development, we cloned and analyzed the corresponding promoters. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments conducted on grape cell suspensions after different treatments suggested that some of elements identify on these promoters by in silico analysis could be functional. Finally, promoterVvHT::GUS constructs were produced and allowed the localisation of VvHT2 and VvHT6 expression in planta