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Thèses sur le sujet "Tree Population dynamic"

1

Villari, Caterina. "Fungi associated with the pine engraver beetle Ips acuminatus and their interactions with the host tree." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422532.

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Conifer bark beetles are typically associated with complexes of fungi with which they can display different functional relationships. Some of the fungi, generally non phytopathogenic, are known to have a directly mutualistic interaction with the beetles, serving as nourishment to the larvae. Other associated fungi are thought to be involved in the process of exhausting plant defenses, which is a necessary step for the insects to overcome host tree resistance and colonize the plant. In the latter case, bark beetle-associated fungi are often tree pathogenic species belonging to the morphologically homogenous group of the ophiostomatoid fungi, also referred to as ‘blue-stain’ fungi. In spite of the great interest the bark beetle-fungi symbiosis has gained in time, many fundamental aspects of this relationship are still widely debated, as for instance the degree of dependence of bark beetles on the blue-stain fungi in order to succeed their establishment in the host plant. In this thesis I addressed the fungal community associated with the pine engraver beetle Ips acuminatus (Gyll.), a small bark beetle infesting thin bark of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and that has been recently reported as pest in many alpine forests. I. acuminatus associated fungal community includes the obligate nutritional fungus Hyalorhinocladiella macrospora (Franke-Grosm.) Harr. and a specific blue-stain fungus which is consistently associated with the vector, but which identity is still uncertain. Early reports describe it as Ophiostoma clavatum Math.-Käärik, while a later research reported O. brunneo-ciliatum Math. instead. Objectives of the thesis were to determine the identity of the blue-stain fungi associated with I. acuminatus, and to investigate the fungal community interactions with the host plant, in order to better define the functional relationships occurring between the bark beetle and the associated fungi, and therefore contribute to the attempts in understanding ecology and population dynamics of this damaging species. In the first work a blue-stain fungus associated with I. acuminatus specimens collected in Italy and Sweden was isolated and identified. The identification of the species was achieved with both the support of morphological methods and DNA sequence-based methods, and the species resulted to be O. clavatum, in agreement with the first researches focused on I. acuminatus associated fungi. In the second work, to clearly assess which of the previously described Ophiostoma species was the main blue-stain fungus associated with the pine engraver beetle, three loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays were developed and employed in a survey which has covered six Italian populations of I. acuminatus. The results confirmed that the identity of the blue-stain fungus more consistently associated with I. acuminatus in the Italian Alps is O. clavatum, while O. brunneo-ciliatum was not detected in any of the samples. Results of this study showed also that the occurrence of O. clavatum varies accordingly to the population dynamic phase of the vector, and is slightly lower in the outbreak populations. In the third work, the local and systemic defense responses of Scots pine against both the nutritional and the blue-stain fungi were characterized by identifying and quantifying terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and lignin. Results indicated that Scots pine has a generic, rather than specific, induced response. The fact that the nutritional and the blue-stain fungi triggered comparable induced defense responses suggests that even a non-pathogenic fungus may participate in exhausting host plant defenses, indirectly assisting in the beetle establishment process. This finding contributes to the further development of current theories on the role of associated fungal complexes in bark beetle ecology. In the last work, correlation patterns within constitutive defense secondary metabolites of Scots pine and potential trade-offs between constitutive concentration and inducible variation of individual chemical compounds were tested. Results revealed that different compounds display different behaviors, but no overall negative associations between defensive traits were found. On the whole, the four contributions of this thesis provide suggestions for a revaluation of one of the current theories on the role of associated fungi in bark beetles host establishment, and hints to understand the role of associated fungi in the population dynamics of bark beetles. Moreover, they clarify some aspects of Scots pine defense mechanisms, highlighting its competitiveness.<br>Gli scolitidi delle conifere sono insetti spesso associati ad un complesso di funghi con i quali possono instaurare differenti interazioni ecologiche. Alcuni di questi funghi, generalmente non fitopatogeni, sono coinvolti in un’interazione mutualistica diretta e vengono utilizzati come nutrimento per le larve del vettore. Altri funghi associati, invece, sono ritenuti coinvolti nel processo di esaurimento delle difese della pianta, che per l’insetto è uno dei passaggi necessari per superare la resistenza dell’ospite e poterlo quindi colonizzare. In quest’ultimo caso, i funghi associati sono di norma specie patogene appartenenti al gruppo morfologico dei funghi ophiostomatoidi, noti anche come ‘funghi di azzurramento’. Nonostante l’interesse che la simbiosi tra scolitidi e funghi ha riscosso nel tempo, molti degli aspetti fondamentali di questa interazione sono ancora discussi, come ad esempio il grado di dipendenza degli insetti vettori dai loro simbionti nelle fasi di colonizzazione della pianta ospite. In questa tesi è stata presa in considerazione la comunità fungina associata a Ips acuminatus (Gyll.), un piccolo scolitide che attacca di preferenza le parti del tronco del pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) con corteccia sottile, e che di recente ha causato numerose infestazioni in varie zone distribuite sull’arco alpino. Una delle specie che fanno parte della comunità fungina associata ad I. acuminatus è il simbionte alimentare Hyalorhinocladiella macrospora (Franke-Grosm.) Harr. Fa inoltre parte del complesso anche uno specifico fungo di azzurramento costantemente associato al vettore, ma la cui identità non è ancora ben definita. Le prime segnalazioni lo descrivono come Ophiostoma clavatum Math.-Käärik, mentre ricerche successive riportano O. brunneo-ciliatum Math. Gli obiettivi che questa tesi si è prefissa sono stati determinare l’effettiva identità del fungo di azzurramento associato ad I. acuminatus, ed indagare le interazioni del complesso fungino con la pianta ospite, al fine di definire meglio le relazioni che intercorrono tra scolitidi e fungi associati, e poter quindi contribuire ai tentativi di chiarire l’ecologia e la dinamica di popolazione di questo insetto dannoso. Nel primo lavoro sono stati descritti l’isolamento e l’identificazione di una specie fungina isolata da individui di I. acuminatus raccolti in Italia e in Svezia. L’identificazione della specie è avvenuta sia grazie all’osservazione delle caratteristiche morfologiche sia mediante un approccio di tipo molecolare. La specie è risultata essere O. clavatum, come era stato indicato nelle prime segnalazioni riguardanti i funghi associati ad I. acuminatus. Nel secondo lavoro sono stati descritti la messa punto e l’utilizzo di tre sonde molecolari per loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), con l’obiettivo di determinare quale delle due specie del genere Ophiostoma sopracitate fosse effettivamente il fungo maggiormente associato a I. acuminatus nell’arco alpino. I risultati, riguardanti sei popolazioni italiane dell’insetto, hanno confermato che la specie maggiormente presente è O. clavatum, mentre O. brunneo-ciliatum non è mai stata rilevata. I risultati di questo studio hanno mostrato anche che la frequenza di associazione di I. acuminatus con O. clavatum varia a seconda della fase epidemica, ed è minore nei nuclei di infestazione rispetto alle popolazioni endemiche. Nel terzo lavoro sono state caratterizzate le risposte sia locali sia sistemiche del pino silvestre alla colonizzazione da parte del simbionte alimentare e del fungo di azzurramento, identificando e quantificando alcuni metaboliti secondari, come terpeni, fenoli e lignina. I risultati hanno mostrato che il pino silvestre risponde in maniera generica anziché specifica all’induzione. Il fatto inoltre che il simbionte alimentare e il fungo di azzurramento abbiano stimolato una risposta simile di loro suggerisce che anche un fungo non patogeno possa partecipare al processo di esaurimento delle difese della pianta, assistendo quindi l’insetto nelle fasi di colonizzazione dell’ospite. Questo risultato contribuisce quindi allo sviluppo delle attuali teorie sul ruolo dei funghi associati nell’ecologia degli scolitidi. Nell’ultimo lavoro sono state studiate le correlazioni tra i metaboliti secondari delle difese costitutive del pino silvestre, e le correlazioni tra la concentrazione costitutiva e la variazione indotta dei singoli composti. I risultati hanno messo in evidenza una differenziazione di comportamento tra composti e l’assenza in generale di una correlazione inversa tra i tipi diversi di difese, al contrario di quanto previsto da alcune teorie. Nel complesso, i quattro contributi di questa tesi suggeriscono la rivalutazione di una delle attuali teorie sul ruolo dei funghi associati nella colonizzazione dell’ospite da parte degli scolitidi, e forniscono degli spunti per la comprensione del ruolo dei funghi associati nella dinamica di popolazione del vettore. Chiariscono inoltre alcuni degli aspetti dei meccanismi di difesa del pino silvestre, mettendo in evidenza la sua competitività.
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Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.

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Stan, Amanda B., Thomas B. Maertens, Lori D. Daniels, and Stefan Zeglen. "Reconstructing Population Dynamics Of Yellow-Cedar In Declining Stands: Baseline Information From Tree Rings." Tree-Ring Society, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622635.

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Yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) forests of coastal British Columbia are apparently experiencing decline in a manner similar to that observed in southeastern Alaska. In this pilot study, we collect tree-ring data from live and standing dead yellow-cedar trees from four declining sites on the North Coast of British Columbia. We use this data to compare growth patterns at our sites to those of yellow-cedar trees at non-declining and declining sites in southwestern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska and, in addition, to assess the possibility of reconstructing yellow-cedar population dynamics in declining stands using dendrochronology. We found coherent growth patterns (i.e. marker years and periods of suppression) among yellow-cedar chronologies from non-declining and declining sites across a broad geographic range as well as unique growth patterns between our chronologies from declining sites and those from declining sites in nearby Alaska. Using outer-ring dates of increment cores, we were able to estimate time since death of decade- to century-old standing dead yellow-cedar trees, although the precision of the estimates was influenced by partial cambial mortality and erosion of outer rings. Our results provide baseline dendrochronological information that will be useful for planning future studies that assess growth-climate relations and reconstruct the long-term population dynamics of yellow-cedar in declining stands.
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Lind, Brandon M. "NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DRIVERS OF TREE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5359.

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Species of trees inhabit diverse and heterogeneous environments, and often play important ecological roles in such communities. As a result of their vast ecological breadth, trees have become adapted to various environmental pressures. In this dissertation I examine various environmental factors that drive evolutionary dynamics in threePinusspecies in California and Nevada, USA. In chapter two, I assess the role of management influence of thinning, fire, and their interaction on fine-scale gene flow within fire-suppressed populations of Pinus lambertiana, a historically dominant and ecologically important member of mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. Here, I find evidence that treatment prescription differentially affects fine-scale genetic structure and effective gene flow in this species. In my third chapter, I describe the development of a dense linkage map for Pinus balfouriana which I use in chapter four to assess the quantitative trait locus (QTL) landscape of water-use efficiency across two isolated ranges of the species. I find evidence that precipitation-related variables structure the geographical range of P. balfouriana, that traits related to water-use efficiency are heritable and differentiated across populations, and associated QTLs underlying this phenotypic variation explain large proportions of total variation. In chapter five, I assess evidence for local adaptation to the eastern Sierra Nevada rain shadow within P. albicaulisacross fine spatial scales of the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. Here, genetic variation of traits related to water availability were structured more so across populations than neutral variation, and loci identified by genome-wide association methods show elevated signals of local adaptation that track soil water availability. In chapter six, I review theory related to polygenic local adaptation and literature of genotype-phenotype associations in trees. I find that evidence suggests a polygenic basis for many traits important to conservation and industry, and I suggest paths forward to best describing such genetic bases in tree species. Overall, my results show that spatial and genetic structure of trees are often driven by their environment, and that ongoing selective pressures driven by environmental change will continue to be important in these systems.
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Kolodin, Dmitriy Pavlovich. "Dynamics of Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cell Populations." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11555.

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In recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in obesity, which parallels a rise in pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, collectively termed the metabolic syndrome. Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been implicated as a major link between these diseases. Recent work showed the presence of a unique subset of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells residing in visceral adipose tissue (VAT Treg) with PPAR-g being the key transcription factor responsible for their phenotype and function in controlling adipose tissue inflammation and, thereby, insulin sensitivity. VAT Tregs inversely correlated with insulin resistance. In contrast, there was a dramatic age-associated increase in frequency of VAT Tregs in lean animals, correlating with continued insulin sensitivity, despite significant increases in body and adipose tissue weights. This increase in Treg frequencies was not observed in other lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, including the subcutaneous fat depot. We characterized this unique age-associated increase in VAT Tregs through the use of adoptive transfer models, in vivo labeling and tracking systems, parabiosis, and analysis of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire used by VAT Tregs. Our findings indicate that the progressive increase in VAT Tregs is not due to conversion of conventional CD4+ T cells nor to substantial infiltration of Tregs from the circulation and secondary lymphoid organs. However, by analyzing the TCR repertoire on a single-cell level we uncovered a striking oligo-clonal expansion of VAT Tregs, suggesting their accumulation results from in situ proliferation. We further showed that this accumulation is dependent on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, but not on CD1d. Finally, we showed that IL-33 was able to induce proliferation of VAT Tregs. In parallel, we extended our analysis of TCR repertoire to the Treg population residing in skeletal muscle. In acute and chronic models of muscle injury, muscle-resident Tregs underwent a substantial clonal expansion, with a particular clone being detected in multiple individuals. Taken together these studies highlight the importance of proliferation as a mechanism of Treg accumulation in tissues in response to acute and chronic inflammation.
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Alalouni, Urwa [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandl. "Insects in forests. Assemblages, effects of tree diversity and population dynamics / Urwa Alalouni. Betreuer: Roland Brandl." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059856425/34.

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Boom, Arthur. "Diversification, evolution and population dynamics of the genus Brachystegia, a keystone tree of African miombo woodlands." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/331717.

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Miombo woodlands are vast wooded savannas covering 2 million km2 in East and Southern Africa. The main feature of these landscapes with closed but not overly dense canopy is the dominance of Brachystegia, Isoberlina, and Julbernardia legume trees genera. The timing of the onset of such vegetation, mainly understood through pollen fossils remains unclear. Dated molecular phylogeny calibrated with fossils for the aforementioned genera has the potential to provide details regarding the origin of species that nowadays dominate the current woodlands and possibly of miombo vegetation as a whole. The Brachystegia is a taxonomically complex genus and is compared to the other aforementioned genera, rich in species with 21 savanna species and eight species in the African Guineo-Congolian rain forests. We aim through the thesis to identify the diversification history of Brachystegia using dated phylogenies.We first reconstruct the Brachystegia phylogeny using nearly full plastome sequences in addition to ribosomal DNA sequences. Both sequences were obtained using a genome- skimming approach. In plastid phylogeny, species represented by multiple specimens appear rarely monophyletic while plastid clades display strong geographical structuring, independently of the species. Ribosomal phylogeny conversely allowed to identify morphological clades, but the lack of DNA polymorphism prevents the reconstruction of a well-resolved Brachystegia phylogeny. The strong spatial structure detected in plastid phylogeny suggests hybridization among the different species leading to recurrent chloroplast captures. Plastomes proved very informative for tracking the past dynamics of the genus and suggest a historical westwards expansion of miombo Brachystegia during the Plio-Pleistocene. We subsequently reconstructed the evolutionary history of the genus using targeted enrichment sequencing. Phylogenetic inferences were conducted using supermatrix and summary-method approaches on a dataset encompassing around 200 individuals loci for more than 200,000 base pairs. Opposite to previous reconstructions, most species appear as monophyletic groups even if high levels of gene tree conflict between the species trees and individual gene trees are reported, suggesting either incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and/or reticulate evolution. Introgressed plastomes, and signature of ILS and reticulation for nuclear genes when species are nevertheless relatively well delineated by nuclear genome support to some extent that Brachystegia may behave a group of interfertile but still relatively well-delineated species (i.e. syngameon). Molecular dating analysis supports a Pliocene origin for the genus, with most of the diversification events occurring during the Plio-Pleistocene. We also conducted preliminary investigations to explore the potential of the genomics approaches used in this thesis to delineate problematic species or to reconstruct the past spatial dynamic of Brachystegia in current miombo regions.Overall, through this thesis, we clarified many aspects of the taxonomically complex Brachystegia genus. Genomic data support hybridization and plastid introgression on large spatial scales, giving credit to a Brachystegia syngameon that remains yet to be furthered characterised and validated. Moreover, results indicate a fairly recent origin of dominant species of the miombo congruently with their spatial expansion documented by plastid data, giving possibly insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of the miombo woodlands<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Houlgreave, John A. "Water tree dynamics and their scaling with field and frequency by analysis of time-series population data." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34781.

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Water trees are a major form of degradation in solid organic electrical insulation subject to high AC voltages and water. The work is aimed at developing a more rigorous approach to analysing water tree data from ageing experiments on practical insulation geometries. Such data is in the form of tree length distributions and time-increasing tree number densities. Tree inception statistics are directly accessible from the data, but the effects of growth are convolved with those of inception. An approach is developed for analysing the data to quantify aspects of both inception and growth. In particular, mean growth rates and distributions of growth times can be estimated. The distribution of inception times seems to be close to exponential. Analysis shows that the effects of varying the field on the dynamics of inception depend upon whether the voltage or the insulation thickness is being varied. Increasing the frequency or decreasing thickness increases the number of possible water tree sites but decreases the inception rate from an average site. Frequency accelerates inception in a non-linear manner. Increasing the voltage both increases the number of sites and the inception rates. At frequencies close to 1 kHz, the mean length of a tree increases with the square root of growth time. Initial tree growth rates increase in a way that is consistent with a linear dependence on frequency. It is concluded that the approach developed can be applied to real data and is useful. It is expected that application of the approach to more extensive data sets would give rise to considerable advances in the empirical knowledge of the dependence of water treeing on various physical parameters which it is not possible to obtain using existing techniques.
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Giesecke, Thomas. "The Holocene Spread of Spruce in Scandinavia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4623.

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<p>The Holocene spread of <i>Picea abies</i> in Scandinavia provides an excellent opportunity for detailed study of the dynamics of tree spread and population expansion. Early- and mid-Holocene macrofossil evidence for the presence of <i>Picea abies</i> in Scandinavia has questioned traditional interpretations of the timing and direction of its spread. This study aims to determine the pattern of the spread of <i>Picea abies</i> in Scandinavia from pollen and other data, to evaluate the significance of possible early outpost populations and to deduce possible factors that influenced the spread and population expansion of <i>Picea abies</i> in Scandinavia. </p><p>Palaeoecological investigations were carried out on the sediments of four small lakes in central Sweden to gain detailed insight into the dynamics of the spread. Holocene pollen diagrams with independent dating control were collected from Fennoscandia and adjacent areas to compare the timing of selected features of the <i>Picea abies</i> pollen curve. Computer models were used to test possible scenarios for the spread and <i>Picea abies</i> population expansion. </p><p><i>Picea abies</i> entered the Scandinavian peninsula from the east at different times and by different pathways. Early-Holocene outposts can be discerned in pollen records from northwest Russia, eastern and northeastern Finland for the time before 9000 cal. BP. Pollen records from Sweden and Norway indicate small <i>Picea abies</i> populations after 8000 cal. BP. The mid to late-Holocene spread, which superficially resembles a front-like pattern, may in fact represent a wave of expanding populations. Disturbance through fire and human activity did not significantly influence the pattern of the spread. Changing climate parameters, slow adaptation and gene flow through seeds and pollen have to be considered as possible explanations for the late spread of the tree. Population dynamics and propagule pressure are likely to be important factors that shaped the spread of <i>Picea abies</i>.</p>
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Valeriano, Diana Damasceno Barreto. "Dinâmica da floresta ombrófila mista altomontana, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-25082010-114434/.

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Avaliou-se a dinâmica do componente arbóreo de uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na região sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de verificar seu estádio sucessional e sua aderência aos modelos dinâmicos propostos para esta formação. O primeiro, modelo lozenge, ou de substituição temporal de área, propõe que a dinâmica é influenciada por padrão de recrutamento intermitente dependente de distúrbios severos, para as pioneiras longevas, geralmente gimnospermas, que dominam estruturalmente a floresta. O segundo propõe que a presença da Araucaria angustifolia é indicativa de sucessão em curso, pois esta espécie não se regenera no interior da floresta, sendo substituída por espécies latifoliadas. Um terceiro propõe recrutamento dependente de abertura de clareiras para as pioneiras longevas. Esta avaliação foi feita em três etapas: através da dinâmica da estrutura fitossociológica observou-se se ocorreram alterações na ordem de importância das espécies; com a análise demográfica buscou-se caracterizar a estrutura de tamanho das populações arbóreas e através da análise da dinâmica espacial da floresta verificou-se se a formação de clareiras permitiu recrutamento das pioneiras longevas. Os resultados mostraram uma estrutura fitossociológica sem alteração na ordem de importância das espécies, embora tenha sido observado aumento da representação de espécies umbrófilas na submata e redução das espécies de áreas mais abertas. A análise demográfica mostrou que as gimnospermas mostram estrutura de coortes, de acordo com o que é esperado para pioneiras longevas, e que no período observado não recrutaram indicando declínio para suas populações. As espécies do dossel mostraram populações em desenvolvimento e na submata foi observada dinâmica mais intensa, com aumento populacional para espécies umbrófilas. A dinâmica espacial mostrou que várias espécies independem das clareiras para recrutamento e crescimento, mas o recrutamento, a mortalidade e o enriquecimento da floresta estão correlacionados com este processo. Não foi observado recrutamento das pioneiras longevas nas clareiras presentes na área de estudo. Estes resultados indicam que a floresta está em desenvolvimento, e que sua dinâmica é influenciada pela dinâmica das pioneiras longevas. Houve indicação de aderência aos dois primeiros modelos, e na ausência de distúrbios maiores, pode-se esperar que as pioneiras longevas sejam substituídas.<br>The dynamics of the tree component of a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest in the Southeast Brazil was evaluated to verify its successional stage and its agreement with dynamic models proposed for this formation. The first one, Lozenge model, or temporal plot replacement, proposes that the dynamics of long-lived pioneers, often gymnosperms, which structurally dominates the forest, is influenced by intermittent recruitment pattern, dependent of severe disturbances. The second proposes that the presence of Araucaria angustifolia is indicative of ongoing succession and that the A. angustifolia fate is to be substituted by broadleaf species. A third one proposes gap dependent recruitment for the long-lived pioneers. The evaluation was conducted in three phases: through the analysis of the dynamics of the phytosociological structure it was observed if changes occurred in the order of importance of the species, with a demographic analysis to characterize the size structure of the tree populations and through the analysis of the spatial dynamics of the forest it was investigated if gap formation fostered the recruitment of long-lived pioneers. The results showed a phytosociological structure with no change in the order of importance of the species, although it was observed an increase in the representation of umbrophyllous species in the understory and the reduction of sun tolerant species. The demographic analysis showed that the gymnosperms present a cohort structure in accordance with what is expected for long-lived pioneers and that during the observed time span they did not recruit, indicating a decline in their population. The canopy species presented populations in development and, in the uderstorey, a more intense dynamic was observed with population increases for the umbrophyllous species. The spatial analysis showed that many species are independent of gaps for recruitment and development but the forest recruitment, mortality and species enrichment are correlated with this process. It was not observed the recruitment of long-lived pioneers in the gaps presented in the study area. These results indicate that the forest is under development and that its dynamics is influenced by the dynamics of the long-lived pioneers. There was indication of adherence to the first two models and that, in the absence of major disturbances, it can be expected that the long-lived pioneers will be replaced.
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