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1
Demasi, João Otavio Benevides. « Os investimentos internacionais e a reforma das TRIMs ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-03122012-160404/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Devido ao colapso da economia americana, em 2009, os Fluxos de Capitais foram somente da Ordem Econômica de US$ 1.8 trilhões, 82% menos do que em 2007 (US$ 10.5 trilhões). Em 2009, o volume de comércio diário de ativos foi de US$ 1.5 trilhões, com US$ 178 trilhões como ativos financeiros. Os Investimentos Internacionais produtivos são uma das bases da internacionalização de empresas e do capital. Ao estabelecer uma planta industrial e/ou adquirir ações de empresas, este fluxo transfronteiriço de capital aporta bens, tecnologia, novas práticas administrativas, inter alios actos, e se distingue do investimento bursátil de carácter meramente especulativo e apátrida do hot money. Escrito em 3 (três) capítulos, este trabalho prescruta, no plano internacional, as regras jurídicas dos fluxos produtivos e as Medidas de Comércio Relacionadas aos Investimentos (TRIMs) da Organização Mundial de Comércio (OMC). Estas contêm cláusulas de Restrições as Práticas de Negócios que impedem os Estados-Membros da OMC a realizarem políticas públicas de desenvolvimento nacional. Não se olvidando do diálogo das fontes normativas internacionais, uma vez que a OMC não está em isolamento clínico do direito internacional, assim, verifica-se um claro embate entre a Soberania Permanente aos Recursos Naturais e o Direito ao Desenvolvimento. Entre mais de 140 (cento e quarenta) casos julgados pelo ICSID, excepcionalemente, e somente em 1 (um), o Estado-hospedeiro venceu, feito o exame dos 2 (dois) grandes sistemas jurídicos de investimentos. A tríade (EUA, UE, Japão) mais Coreia do Sul querem um modelo ainda mais liberal de regras de investimentos na OMC. Discorre este trabalho sobre os mais de 2.500 (dois mil e quinhentos) Bilateral Investments Treaties (BITs) e os Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), como o do NAFTA, draft do MAI, e as Instituições de Bretton Woods ligadas ao IED, e a interação com a Doutrina, Jurisprudência e tendências. A UNCTAD critica veementemente este conjunto de regras liberais, sejam os BITs, sejam as TRIMs. O núcleo irradiador deste trabalho é a Declaração Conjunta indo-brasileira, que propõe a Reforma das TRIMs (G/TRIMS/W/25) para permitir, por meio de compras locais e requisitos de performance, o manejo de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento nacional hoje proibidas. Este trabalho conclui ser a Reforma das TRIMs uma impraticabilidade diplomática, de modo que o direito ao desenvolvimento dar-se-ia como improvável exceção.Due to the US economic downturn, the Capital Flows in 2009 were only from the economic order of U.S.$ 1.8 trillion, 82% less than 2007 (US$ 10.5 trillion). In 2009 the daily trading volume of assets were U.S.$ 1.5 trillion with US$ 178 trillion as financial assets. The productive International Investments are one of the bases from the internationalization enterprises and of the capital. By establishing an industrial plant and/or acquire assets of companies, this cross-border flow of capital brings goods, technology, new management practices, inter alios acts. Distinguishing itself, by this way, from the stock market investment of purely speculative character and stateless, from the hot money. Written in 3 (three) chapters, this work search, in the international field, the legal rules from productive flows and the Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). These clauses contains Restrictive Business Practices (RBP) that prevents States-Members from the WTO to carry out public policies of national development. Not forgetting the dialogue of sources from international rules, once the WTO is not in clinical isolation from the international law there is a clear clash between the Permanent Sovereignty on Natural Resources and the Right to Development. Between more than 140 (one hundred and forty) cases tried by ICSID, exceptionally and only one (one) the host-State won. Made the examination of the 2 (two) major legal systems of investments. The Triad (USA, EU and Japan) plus South Korea wants a model with more liberal investment rules in the WTO. Discusses this work on the more than 2500 (two thousand and five hundred) Bilateral Investments Treaties (BITs) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) such as NAFTA, the MAI draft, and the Bretton Woods institutions related to FDI and the interaction with doctrine, jurisprudence and trends. UNCTAD strongly criticizes this liberal set of rules, not only the BITs, but also the TRIMs. The core matter from this work is the Indo-Brazilian Joint Statement on the Reform of the TRIMs (G/TRIMS/W/25), that proposes through local purchases and performance requirements the right of management of public policies for national development currently forbidden. This work concludes that the Reform of the TRIMs is a diplomatic impractibility, in a mode that the Right to development can be achieved as an improbable exception
2
Toledo, Juan Jaime Blacutt. « Fiber performance and quality of Angora Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in different trims ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5439.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 132 rabbits belonging to the Cunicola La Esperanza Farm of the city of El Alto in the department of La Paz, the principle physical characteristics of the angora rabbit fiber were determined in a period of 3 shearings. As such they were organized into 2 groups, clearly differentiated by their sex (female and male). The obtained fiber of the different shearings were weighed in order to determine the performance of each animal and subsequently analyzed the wool in the Experimental Station of Patacamaya, where they determined the diameter, length of hair and marrow composition. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis with the help of the SAS program. The effects of the principle studied factors (sex, age, number of shearing) showed highly significant differences (p<0.01). The fiber yields for males and females were 70.76 and 81.72 g respectively; as such the fiber yields of 57.77, 82.91, 84.28, 80.01, 71.36, 81.11 and 76.25 g for those under the age of 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and first shearing, second shearing, third shearings respectively. The age of the animals and the number of shearings were the principle causes of the variation of the performance of the fiber. The male rabbits obtained 13.10 microns in diameter, 56.10% of marrow composition and 4.10 cm of length, and the female rabbits 13.91 microns of diameter, 65.34% of marrow composition y 4.23 cm of length, being the effect of the sex most highly significant (p<0.01). The fineness of fiber of the animals was 12.80, 13.07, 14.28 y 13.88 microns respectively for the ages younger than 1 year, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, a marrow composition of 57.68, 60.54, 60.56 y 64.10%, for the same ages, observing among themselves highly significant differences (p<0.01); except in the variability of the length of the hair. In animals subjected to different numbers of shearing they obtained 13.48, 13.37 and 13.67 microns for the first, second and third shearings respectively and a bone composition of 59.28, 62.32 y 60.56%, observing minimum numerical differences, but not statistical, as in the length of hair.
3
Sidhu, Karl. « Die Regelung von Direktinvestitionen in der WTO : das TRIMs-Abkommen und das GATS / ». Göttingen : V & ; R unipress, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/377390348.pdf.
Texte intégral
4
Zerbini, Eugenia Cristina Godoy de Jesus. « O regimento internacional dos investimentos - sistemas regional, multilateral, setorial e bilateral (balanço da década de 1990, seguido do estudo de dois casos : o Mercosul e o projeto da ALCA) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-22112007-073410/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O objeto do presente trabalho é a análise das mudanças no regime jurídico do investimento estrangeiro ocorridas na última década. Após o estudo histórico sobre o desenvolvimento desse regime, as quatro tendências que conduziram a elaboração das regras daquele período são examinadas. A primeira delas foi a criação de regimes regionais, como as regras sobre o investimento internacional do NAFT A, ASEAN, APEC e Mercosul. A segunda, as tentativas de estabelecimento de um regime multilateral, como comprovam não só as negociações do MAI e das TRIM\'s, nos quadros da OCDE e OMC, como a consolidação pelo Banco Mundial das Diretivas sobre o investimento direto estrangeiro. Em terceiro lugar, o surgimento de normas internacionais setoriais, a exemplo do Tratado da Carta da Energia. E, por último, o crescimento extraordinário do número de acordos bilaterais sobre a matéria. O estudo leva em consideração a jurisprudência internacional, principalmente as sentenças proferidas pelo CIRDI. O exame dessas quatro tendências é seguido pelo estudo de dois regimes regionais que dizem respeito aos interesses brasileiros: o do Mercosul e o da ALCA. Se comparado com os regimes anteriores, aquele dos anos 90 se distingue por privilegiar a flexibilização das regras sobre o fluxo de capitais e o incremento de seu ganho. Preocupações com regras concernentes à proteção do investimento estrangeiro parecem estar ultrapassadas em razão de dois motivos. Inicialmente, pela implementação de seguros e garantias contra riscos políticos que, além de contornar o risco decorrente das interferências governamentais nos investimentos, também minimizou as discussões sobre as indenizações. Em segundo lugar, pelo endosso dado pela maioria dos países em desenvolvimento às políticas neoliberais -o que inibiu a ação governamental no regime doméstico do investimento internacional- e pela concorrência entre esses países em atrair esse investimento. O direito internacional dos investimentos passou a contar com poucas lacunas, a basear-se menos no costume e a formalizar-se em instrumentos. Questões vitais em décadas anteriores, como aquelas relativas à cláusula Calvo e aos critérios indenizatórios, foram resolvidas por tratados ou pela jurisprudência. Esta tomou-se abundante, consolidando um entendimento conservador. Objetivamente, pouco restou do discurso inflamado dos anos 60 e 70 sobre a NOEI. Desmontou-se o binômio investimento e desenvolvimento, desarticulando-se um sistema anterior chamado de Direito Internacional do Desenvolvimento. Essa desarticulação deu-se por caminhos diversos. O direito internacional dos investimentos, antes objeto de Resolução da ONU, teve seus debates transpostos para outras organização, como o Banco Mundial A preocupação com o desenvolvimento foi realocada de capítulo do Direito Econômico Internacional para o campo dos Direitos Humanos. Das quatro tendências acima, uma delas parece que não terá continuidade: o tratamento setorial da matéria. Todavia, nos próximos anos, as outras três continuarão a ser seguidas: não há indicação de refluxo nos acordos bilaterais; a busca por um regime multilateral irá continuar, como aponta o compromisso assumido na reunião da OMC, em Doha de assinatura das TR!M\'S em 2005; e, finalmente, as negociações da ALCA, que incluem disposições sobre investimentos, indicam continuidade na tendência regional.The purpose of this work is to analyze the changes introduced in the international legal regime applicable to foreign investment in the last decade. After an historical study on the development of this regime, the four trends that shaped the elaboration of these rules during this period are examined. Firstly, the tendency to the creation of international regional regimes -like NAFTA, Mercosur, ASEAN and APEC\'s special rules on investment- is analyzed. Secondly, the several attempts to establish a multilateral regime on foreign investment -as evidenced by the negotiation of the MAL in the OECD, and of the TRIM\'s, in the WTO, as well as the edition of the Guidelines on Foreign Direct Investment by the Word Bank- are reviewed. In the third place, the international rules applicable to investments in special sectors, as is the case of the Energy Chart Treaty, are focused. Finally, the increase in number of the bilateral treaties is examined. This study takes into account the international jurisprudence, mainly the awards rendered by the lCSID. This exam is followed by the study of two regional regimes that affect Brazilian interests: the Mercosur and the FTAA. If compared with the previous regimes, the one that prevailed in the nineties appears to be more concerned with both the flexibility of the rules on the flow of capitals and the increase of earnings. Concerns about rules on the investment protection have vanished for two main reasons. Initially, the availability of insurance and guaranties against political risks besides minimizing the risks presented by any governmental interference on the investor\'s control over its investment, also contributes to make issues on the value of indemnities irrelevant. In the second place, the majority of the developing countries not just endorsed neo-liberal policies, which made governmental restrictive postures on foreign investment difficult, but have started to compete against each other to attract foreign capitals. The International Law on Investments turned into a system with few gaps, based rather on written treaties than on customary law. Crucial issues of the past few decades, like these related to the Calvo doctrine or to indemnities criteria, were solved by treaties and arbitral decisions. Not only did the jurisprudence become abundant, but also consolidated conservative views on the matter. Objectively, very little remained of the fiery speech on the NEIO. The dual investment and development was undone and the previous system of the International Law of Development collapsed. This collapse was caused by different reasons. The most determining, however, is the fact that the International Law on Investment, based before on customary roles and precariously settled by UN\'s resolutions, were relocated to different fora, like the World Bank. The concern with development switched from an important chapter of the International Economic Law to Human Rights\' domain. Amidst the four trends pointed out in this work, apparently just one will be discontinued in the near future: the sectorial treatment of foreign investment. Nonetheless, the others will continue to be present: there is no evidence of reflux in the signing of bilateral treaties; the search for a multilateral regime will continue, as shown in the commitment made in the WTO Conference of Doha, in 2001, fixing for 2005 the signing of the agreement on TRIM\'s; and finally, the negotiation of FTAA, including dispositions on investments, indicates that the regional tendency will remain.
5
Modi, Shilpa. « TRIPS and drugs : impact of TRIPS on pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421518.
Texte intégral
6
Schank, Troy C. « Optimal aeroelastic trim for rotorcraft with constrained, non-unique trim solutions ». Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22654.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Dimitri N. Mavris; Committee Co-Chair: Daniel P Schrage; Committee Member: David A. Peters; Committee Member: Dewey H. Hodges; Committee Member: J.V.R. Prasad.
7
Sutcliffe, William Dean. « The Piano Trios of Haydn ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303133.
Texte intégral
8
Papanikolaou, Dimitrios M. S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « The market economy of trips ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69806.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62).
Mobility on Demand (MOD) systems allow users to pick-up and drop-off vehicles (bikes, automobiles) ubiquitously in a network of parking stations. Asymmetric demand patterns cause unbalanced fleet allocation decreasing level of service. Current redistribution policies are complex to plan and typically cost more that the usage revenues of the system. The Market Economy of Trips (MET) explores a new operation model based on a double auction market where cost-minimizing users are both buyers and sellers of trip rights while profit-maximizing stations are competing auctioneers that trade them. Trip rights are priced relatively to the inventory needs of origin and destination stations. A theory, a game, and a model are presented to explore equilibrium and limits of efficiency of MET under different demand patterns and income distribution.
by Dimitris Papanikolaou.
S.M.
9
Medeiros, Heloísa Gomes. « Medidas de fronteira Trips-Plus ». Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94771.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T15:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 295690.pdf: 983873 bytes, checksum: b11d45edb90debf567d13220eebed601 (MD5)
O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar as novas disposições em matéria de observância dos direitos de propriedade intelectual por meio de medidas de fronteira surgidas em novos foros que discutem e regulamentam o tema. Foram utilizados o método de abordagem dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os novos foros e regras surgem do entendimento por parte dos países desenvolvidos de que é necessário aumentar os padrões internacionais de proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, suscitando questionamentos sobre as implicações desta expansão no desenvolvimento e na manutenção do equilíbrio entre interesse público e privado. É necessário observar estas normas por meio dos limites e padrões máximos existentes no Acordo TRIPS para que sejam alcançadas orientações que possibilitem a criação de normas equilibradas de medidas de fronteira, avaliando custos e benefícios, preservando interesse público e privado, deixando espaço para autonomia e flexibilidades para os países se desenvolverem.
The main objective of this work is to analyze the new provisions in matter of enforcement of intellectual property rights through border measures arising in new forums that discuss and regulate the subject. Were used the deductive approach method, the monographic procedure method and the literature research technique. The new forums and rules emerge from the developed countries# understanding that it#s necessary to increase the international standards of intellectual property rights protection, raising questions about the implications of this expansion in developing and maintaining the balance between public and private interests. It#s necessary to observe these norms through the maximums limits and standards in TRIPS Agreement so that reach the orientations that enable the creation of balanced border measures rules, evaluating costs and benefits, preserving public and private interests, and leaving space for autonomy and flexibility for countries to develop.
10
Larsson, Alla. « Jag trivs här - tror jag ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24210.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Äldreomsorgen är en viktig del av välfärdssystemet och är i fokus för samhällsdebatten. De frågor som är aktuella handlar om vårdkvalitén, tillgång till vård och omsorg, ekonomiska medel samt vård i framtiden med allt det innebär. Arbetsvillkoren inom vården anses vara mer påfrestande än inom andra sektorer av arbetslivet.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och analysera vad som är viktigt för motivationen och arbetstillfredsställelsen i ett påfrestande arbete med äldre och huruvida de anställda motiveras av dessa faktorer. Utifrån syftet formulerades följande frågeställningar: Hur ser arbetsmotivation och arbetstillfredsställelse hos anställda inom äldrevården ut? Vilka faktorer har samband med motivation och arbetstillfreds-ställelse hos personal inom äldrevården? Finns det skillnader mellan anställda i privat respektive kommunal regi?För att få en generell bild av arbetsmotivationsfaktorer och arbetstillfredsställelse inom äldrevården valdes som forskningsstrategi med en kvantitativ metod, baserad på en enkätundersökning. Jag utgår i min studie från Maslows behovspyramid och Alderfers ERG- teori.Enligt resultatet i min studie ligger arbetsmotivation generellt inom äldrevården på medelmåttlig nivå. Personalen känner inte direkt arbetsmissnöje och vantrivsel med sin situation, men arbetsgivare bör fokusera mer på fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmiljö, schema och återhämtning samt belöningar. En god stämning på arbetsplatsen, med trivsel med arbetskamraterna, är i den här undersökningen faktorer som har samband med arbetsmotivation och arbetstillfredsställelse.Geriatric care is an important part of the welfare system and in focus for the community debate. Relevant issues are the quality of the care, access to care, economical means as well as care in the future with all its aspects. Work conditions are considered to be more stressing than other professions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze crucial factors for the motivation and work satisfaction in a stressing work with elderly and whether the employees are motivated by these. Based on this purpose, the following questions were raised: How does motivation and work satisfaction for employees in geriatric care look like? Which factors have a connection to motivation and work satisfaction for employees in geriatric care? Are there any differences between employees in municipal and private sectors?I use a quantitative method, based on questionnaire to acquire a general picture of the factors for motivation and work satisfaction. I employ Maslow´s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer´s ERG-theory in my study.The result of my study reveals that the general work motivation within geriatric care is on a medial level. The employees do not sense any general dissatisfaction with the situation but the employers should increase focus on physical and psychosocial work environment, schedules and relaxation as well as rewards. A pleasant atmosphere and comfort between colleagues are factors, which are connected with work motivation and satisfaction.
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Barreno, Flores Ricardo Jesús, Rojas Carlos Andrés Díaz et Asmad Mónica Rubí Latorre. « Plan de negocios : Inka Trips ». Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/527894.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La revolución tecnológica centrada en torno a las tecnologías de la información, al marketing digital y las comunicaciones están marcando un nuevo ritmo en la sociedad actual y, con ello, se está imponiendo un nuevo ritmo de consumo de publicidad en la sociedad, en razón del cual este trabajo aplicativo pretende concatenar estas fuerzas con la finalidad de rentabilizar tanto al proyecto como a los clientes. Se efectúa un análisis del mercado potencial que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías para el sector turismo y, sobre todo, para aquellas empresas del sector que están buscando posicionarse en el mercado o que están en la búsqueda constante del incremento de sus ventas. Luego, se presenta el planteamiento del modelo de negocio basado en la entrega de aplicaciones turísticas que funcionen en un dispositivo móvil inteligente y que brinde información al turista que desea visitar el Perú. De igual forma se muestra el valor que tendría llevar a cabo el proyecto de ejecución de la propuesta, la misma que se puede definir en la experiencia de navegación de conocimiento de las empresas que ofrecen servicios acorde con la necesidad del usuario turista. Además, se detalla brevemente la estrategia de penetración del producto y se hace una breve descripción de las acciones a tomar en el primer año de ingreso al mercado, con la finalidad de lograr posicionamiento, y atraer clientes y usuarios seguidores del aplicativo. Finalmente, se realiza una proyección de los estados financieros que permiten determinar la viabilidad del proyecto en términos económicos y técnicos, para lo cual se tiene como referente que en la actualidad hay un crecimiento por la búsqueda planificada de vacaciones y demás formas de viaje, siendo los dispositivos móviles un canal que ha potenciado el consumo .
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Öström, Jenny. « Kvinna, chef, bibliotekarie. Triss i stereotyper ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197235.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public libraries are mainly employing women and have female managers. According to theories based upon so-cial construction we create our roles together in our society. The role of a manager has for a long time been viewed as the role of a man. The objective of my thesis is to gain knowledge on how a few women that work as managers in public libraries perceive and describe their roles. A parallel aim is to let a few future librarians de-scribe their managers and their own views on leadership, with a focus on gender issues. My questions are the following, how do the women construct their roles as managers of public libraries?, how do the female students describe the role as a female manager of a public library, and their own managers?, can stereotype views and attributes be distinguished in my informants tales on leadership and gender?The starting point of this thesis is theories of social construction of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, the thought that we shape our world through social interaction, mainly through our language. The theories of Yvonne Hirdman, regarding gender power structure, offers the political backdrop for my thesis. Alice Eagly has re-searched around leader stereotypes, leadership styles and gender. From her and her peers I take with me theories that claim that the leader stereotype is gendered male.The material I have used to answer my questions are interviews with ten informants, all of them women working at public libraries, five of them managers and five students. I have conducted structured interviews with open questions that I have then looked at by means of a method where different factors are intertwined, mainly language, social situations, political factors and theory. All these then used to interpret the empirical evidence. The basis of the method is interpretation and reflection.I found that my informants construe an image of the role as a woman and a manager of a public library as a complex role that does not fall into one unambiguous gender stereotype. They describe their one manager roles and their managers with attributes and characteristics that in recent research has been assigned to both genders. I could nevertheless identify the use of strategies that according to Eagly et al is used by women in manager roles to prevent them from suffering negative criticism or other consequences solely because of the combination of their gender and position.
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Vitis, Ortega Sebastián Ignacio 1989. « Plan de negocios : Santiago Surf Trips ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138631.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención AdministraciónSantiago Surf Trips nace del sueño de tres Surfistas; vivir del mar y del deporte que aman. La tónica de los Surfistas es mantenerse conectados con la naturaleza y cuidar de ella. El sueño del Surfista es poder llevar su estilo de vida al día a día, esto significa, vivir de él y gracias a él. Los chilenos están cada vez más involucrados con las nuevas tendencias hacia la vida sana y activa, existen diversos programas creados por el gobierno y del sector privado que fomentan la actividad física y la mejora alimenticia. La población está cada vez más preocupada de verse y sentirse mejor, más sano y activo. Gracias a la investigación realizada para esta actividad, se pueden encontrar diversos estudios de comportamiento del consumidor que indican que la industria de la entretención en Chile ha tenido fuertes alzas en los últimos años, las proyecciones de ésta son aun más atractivas. Por el lado de la industria del Surf, mundialmente, se registran alrededor de 35 millones de Surfistas y se estima que para el año 2017, la industria será valorada en 13,2 billones de dólares. Esto, de la mano con la gran cantidad de panoramas que se ofrecen para que las familias disfruten del fin de semana, han creado la oportunidad de elaborar un proyecto en el cual los santiaguinos puedan disfrutar y sumergirse en la dinámica de este deporte. Según la encuesta realizada para esta investigación, al 78,29% de los jóvenes (entre 18 y 30 años) que residen en Santiago les gustaría aprender a Surfear, mientras que el 12,1% comenta que ha tenido experiencia con el deporte y ya es capaz de desenvolverse en el mar con una tabla de Surf. El 48,4% de los jóvenes dice que está dispuesto a pagar entre $35.000.- y $70.000.- pesos por un día de Surf, incluyendo traslado desde su casa, alimentación y clases. El 24,91% de los jóvenes está dispuesto a pagar hasta $35.000.- pesos y el 15,66% de ellos, está dispuesto a pagar más de $70.000.- pesos por el día. Sólo el 9,96% no está dispuesto a pagar por un día de Surf. Los datos del estudio permiten calcular el tamaño de mercado de Santiago Surf Trips, para el producto de lanzamiento “Un Día De Surf”, de $531.177.500.- pesos anuales, para los 101.131 jóvenes de la región metropolitana del sector socioeconómico ABC1. Por úlitmo, los resultados financieros indican que Santiago Surf Trips presenta un VAN de $177.590.672.- pesos y una Tasa Interna de Retorno de 89%.
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Lewis, Daniel B. « Can virtual field trips be substituted for real-world field trips in an eighth grade geology curriculum ? / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7730.
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Brombacher, Horst. « Aspekte der Reaktivität von Tris(pyrazolyl)borat-Zinkalkoxid- und Tris(pyrazolyl)borat-Zinkhydrid-Komplexen ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/657.
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Bullock, Thomas Hornsby. « Group 13 tris-pyridyl complexes ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578971.
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Reinius, Leif. « Trim optimization of reefer vessels ». Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-162058.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The influence of trim on the fuel consumption of reefer ships have been investigated. The project have been carried out at NYKCool AB, a ship operator of reefer vessels. In the speed range 17-19 knots and deadweight percentage of approximately 70% the smallest calculated resistance is obtained for bow trims which are between -1 m and -2 m depending on the speed. Stored voyage data from the reefer ships shows that the majority of the voyages are made with positive trims. The data also shows that the mean fuel consumption in ton per hour is smallest for the even keel condition in comparison with aft (positive) trims. The conclusions have been made for deadweight conditions of 70-80 % DWT. Savings of bunker are in the order of magnitude of 3-4% and have been seen from the data analysis. The average fuel consumption in traffic is approximately 37 tons of heavy fuel oil per day. Due to factors such as different docking schedules the ships have different performance. The tests shows a correlation between the fuel consumption and optimal trims. Bow trims are always more favorable from a saving perspective. The largest bow trim that was possible and which ensured proper propeller immersion was approximately -1 m and was achieved by planning the stowage together with burning bunker from the fuel tanks in the right order. The stability is affected due to less buoyancy in the bow area compared to the mid ship sections, but always above the minimum criteria of GM0 <o 0.15 m with enough margins. GM0 remains in the interval of 2-3 m depending on the deadweight percentage and trim condition. Economical savings will be seen over longer periods of time by operating the reefer vessels with the optimal trims.
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Harcrow, Michael A. « Trios of Simon A. Sargon including horn ». Thesis, Recital, recorded Jan. 30, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus. connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5171.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2007.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Nov. 16, 2004, June 20, 2005, Jan. 30, 2006, and Aug. 27, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-92).
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Williams, Owain David. « TRIPS, biotechnology and the global knowledge structure ». Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364453.
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Chen, Carolyn Chen Carolyn Chen Carolyn Chen Carolyn. « Pieces ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1453651.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Accompanying disc is DVD-ROM, and contains sounds files for recordings of the works. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 25, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Performance instructions precede each score.
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Fraser, S. J. « Characterising retroviral restriction by TRIM proteins ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532045/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are numerous in the human proteome, and a number of these molecules are known to restrict retroviral replication. TRIM5α (T5α) is one such factor. It targets the viral capsid and imposes a block to infection between entry and reverse transcription. Capsid recognition is mediated by the C-terminal B30.2 domain, which contains surface-exposed loops of high amino acid variability. Restriction is then effected via proteasome recruitment and the induction of innate immune cascades. Although T5α is well-characterised in this respect, other factors – such as the highly divergent TRIM1 (T1) – remain poorly understood. To further characterise the T1 restriction phenotype, chimeras of this protein and its non-restricting paralogue, T18, were generated by overlapping PCR. The restriction activities of the resulting molecules were then measured using an established flow cytometry assay. These experiments revealed that T1 also binds capsid via the B30.2 domain, although the majority of this region can be functionally replaced. Other aspects of T1 biology addressed in this work include the contribution of N-terminal components to restriction potency, and the relationship between protein expression level and restriction activity. Following a number of attempts to generate a functional chimera of T1 and 5α, the latter half of this thesis explores how the spacing between capsid-binding and effector domains can influence restriction activity. To this end, a panel of mutations were made in the linker 2 (L2) region of T5α, and their effects on restriction measured. These experiments revealed that even small changes in interdomain spacing can have profound phenotypic consequences. Collectively, this work reinforces the notion that TRIM family members share a common overall design, allowing individual components to be shuffled between them. At the same time, each molecule has been shaped by unique evolutionary pressures, which can render them sensitive even to relatively minor modifications.
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Makal, Nergis. « 1-Amino-3,5,7-Tris(Methoxycarbonyl)Adamantane ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1321533696.
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Reusse, Ekaterina [Verfasser], Dimosthenis [Akademischer Betreuer] Trimis, Dimosthenis [Gutachter] Trimis et Heiko [Gutachter] Hessenkemper. « Innovative industrielle Erdgasbeheizungssysteme auf der Basis der Porenbrennertechnologie für Hochtemperaturanwendungen / Ekaterina Reusse ; Gutachter : Dimosthenis Trimis, Heiko Hessenkemper ; Betreuer : Dimosthenis Trimis ». Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://d-nb.info/1220911461/34.
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Frenzel, Isabel [Verfasser], Dimosthenis [Akademischer Betreuer] Trimis, Dimosthenis [Gutachter] Trimis et Sven [Gutachter] Kureti. « Flammenstruktur und Rußbildung in Verbrennungsprozessen mit ethanol- und butanolhaltigen Kraftstoffen / Isabel Frenzel ; Gutachter : Dimosthenis Trimis, Sven Kureti ; Betreuer : Dimosthenis Trimis ». Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226101038/34.
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Osei-Tutu, Julia J. « Trips and domestic control : implications for developing countries ». Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34016.
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This paper examines the impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) on domestic control. The paper explains why intellectual property became part of the global trade agenda. The author considers arguments both for and against stronger global protection for intellectual property rights. Through analysis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) cases on the TRIPS Agreement, the author argues that the TRIPS Agreement has effectively removed from WTO Member states control over their intellectual property regimes. The author focuses on the negative impact that a rigid application of the TRIPS Agreement is likely to have on developing countries.
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Eckhardt, Bernd Stefan. « Complexity analysis of tries and spanning tree problems ». kostenfrei, 2009. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=959271.
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Campbell, Santiba D. « Exploring the associations between TRIOS and racial attitudes ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 57 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251899061&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cho, Hyun Chul. « The effect of mission trips on mission-mindedness ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p049-0459.
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Sidars, Marcella. « Planning effective school fields trips for elementary students ». [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2008. http://165.236.235.140/lib/MSidars2008.pdf.
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Yau, Chi-kwong Walter, et 丘志光. « Cycling trips in Hong Kong : issues, prospectsand roles ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26784245.
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Kenna, Joshua. « Teachers' Utilization of Field Trips : A Comparative Study ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6300.
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Field trips are visits to an out-of-school setting designed for educational and academic purposes whereby as a result students gain firsthand knowledge and experiences. Historically, it was the potential for student learning that motivated teachers to utilize field trips. However, there is reasonable suspicion among scholars today that teachers are utilizing field trips less since the start of the new millennia; the common reasons being cited among others include a slumping economy, an increase in accountability due to high-stakes testing, and rising fuel costs. Unfortunately, there is no empirical evidence that can confirm or deny this suspicion.
Therefore, the purpose of this survey research study is twofold. The first goal is to investigate what proportion of Florida K-12 public school teachers, within the field of social studies, science, mathematics, and language arts utilized a field trip during the 2012-13 academic school year; along with investigating the total number and frequency in which they used those field trips. The second goal is to identify if there were any significant differences in the number of field trips that those teachers utilized based on four independent variables (a) the grade level at which the teachers teach, (b) teachers' years of teaching experience, (c) the content focus of the field trips, and (d) whether teachers graduated from a teacher preparation program or not. The study utilized a non-experimental causal-comparative research design to conclude that there were some significant differences in the number of field trips teachers utilized as a result of two of the independent variables.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Social Science Education Track
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Bacher, Philip Y. « Entwicklungsperspektiven des Kartellrechts im Rahmen des TRIPS-Abkommens ». Bern : Stämpfli, 2009. http://www.uni.recht.ch/uni/lpext.dll/uni/ebook/Dissertation/MSEIK/MSEIK23/inhmseik23?f=templates&fn=index.html&2.0&vid=10.1082/Deu.
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Lyons, Reneé C. « Trips and Treks : Teaching Endangered Species Through Literature ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2367.
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Vieira, Adriana Lemes Dias. « O piano nos trios de Estércio Marquez Cunha ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3326.
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This research presents a discussion of Estércio Marquez Cunha's trios with piano from the perspective of a pianist. From the theoretical foundations presented by Chiantore (2004) and Richerme (1996) on piano technique, Baron (1998) and Radice (2012) for chamber music, Schoenberg (2004) and Correa (2006) for structural and harmonic analysis, and Garcia and Barrenechea (2003) describing the work for solo piano of Estércio M. Cunha, this article contextualizes the works and points out the challenges and technical/interpretative suggestions to the pianist who wants to perform them. Twelve trios were found in the collection of Estércio M. Cunha composed between 1969 and 2012, and a brief harmonic/structural description of the pieces and challenges for the pianist. Of the twelve, five were prepared by this researcher. The performance provided opportunities for experiences that support the technical/interpretative suggestions. 60% of the works were composed after 2000 and they present striking stylistic features of the composer - slow tempos, rhythmic complexity, timbre as a structural element and quartal harmonies - and challenges for the chamber pianist that require an interpretive maturity, exploration of sonorities and reading score that lacks tonal music patterns.
A presente pesquisa apresenta uma discussão sobre os trios com piano do compositor Goiano Estércio Marquez Cunha (1941) sob o olhar do pianista. A partir dos fundamentos teóricos apresentados por Chiantore (2004), Richerme (1996) e Narum (2010) sobre técnica pianística, Baron (1998) e Radice (2012) sobre música de câmara, Schoenberg (2004) e Correa (2006) em relação a análise estrutural e harmônica musical, e Garcia e Barrenechea (2003) que descrevem a obra solo para piano de Estércio M. Cunha, contextualiza-se as obras e expõe-se desafios e sugestões técnico-interpretativas para o pianista que pretende abarcar o projeto de incluí-las em seu repertório. Doze trios foram encontrados no acervo de Estércio M. Cunha compostos entre 1969 e 2012, dos quais apresenta-se uma breve descrição harmônico/estrutural e desafios para o pianista. Dos doze, cinco foram preparados por esta pesquisadora para performance oportunizando vivências que subsidiam as sugestões técnico/interpretativas colocadas no final de cada descrição. 60% das obras foram compostas a partir de 2000 e apresentam características estilísticas marcantes do compositor – andamentos lentos, complexidade rítmica, timbre como elemento estrutural e harmonias quartais – e desafios ao pianista camerista que exigem uma maturidade interpretativa, a exploração de sonoridades e leitura melódica e harmônica que não apresenta padrões da música tonal.
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Alhelali, Shaikhah. « International transfer of technology under the TRIPS Agreement ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47722/.
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The international transfer of technology plays a critical role to developing countries. It enhances the economic development and welfare, in addition to reducing the gaps between developing and developed countries. The promotion of the international transfer of technology increases the capabilities of developing countries and assists them to gain more independency. Therefore, the central question that this thesis tries to answer is related to whether the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) fosters international transfer of technology to developing countries or not. Developing countries as per the TRIPS Agreement are requested to comply with minimum standards of intellectual property (IP) protection, since they are linked to international trade under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) regime. So, in order to have balanced rights and obligations, we have to evaluate whether the TRIPS Agreement is benefiting all parties and whether the transfer of technology is well-managed under the TRIPS Agreement. The terms and conditions of the TRIPS Agreement will be analysed using the doctrinal legal method. We find that the TRIPS provisions are still far from fostering the international transfer of technology to developing countries although the preamble and its principles and objectives under Articles 7 and 8 emphasize its importance. In addition to analysing the provisions related to transfer of technology under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through both the doctrinal legal method and empirical study on the transfer of environmental sound technologies under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that was established in Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997. We find that CDM works mainly for reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG) while the international transfer of technology is not an obligatory element of it. We reached a number of recommendation to improve the current situation and enhance more development in the field of international transfer of technology. At the beginning we need to define the international transfer of technology in the TRIPS Agreement. Lack of definition results in challenges and obstacles in the way we are evaluating its promotion. In addition, TRIPS Agreement is required to create a new mechanism, similar to the CDM, but particularly for the promotion of international transfer of technology.
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Pacón, Ana María. « Implicancias del trips en el derecho de marcas ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108024.
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Noyan, Ömer Faruk. « Stratigraphie et morphogenèse de conodontes du trias hellenique ». Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066834.
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Cette etude interesse essentiellement l'evolution morphogenetique de conodontes a plate-forme triasiques de grece. A cette fin, de prelevements carniens et noriens ont ete degages le plus de specimens possibles. Des populations dans lesquelles figurent differents stades de developpement d'une meme espece ont ainsi ete obtenues. L'analyse systematique a conduit a decrire 15 especes et 3 sous-especes. L'etude de leur repartition stratigraphique a permis de preciser celle de plusieurs taxa du trias moyen et superieur (e. G. : p. Tadpole, g. Inclinata et c. Diebeli). Certaines repartitions etaient controversees, les donnees obtenues levent certaines ambiguites. Dans ce travail, l'evolution morphogenetique de p. Polygnathiformis, de m. Abneptis abneptis et de m. Abneptis spatulatus a ete precisee par l'analyse statistique de traits morphologiques. Une des conclusions est que la morphogenese est caracteristique de l'espece ou de la sous-espece. Les taxons peuvent se distinguer l'un de l'autre quel que soit le stade de developpement. Ceci est d'un grand interet a plusieurs titres. D'une part la systematique est plus precise, elle peut tenir compte des formes juveniles et submatures. D'autre part ces formes immatures peuvent etre utilisees pour la biostratigraphie. Ceci est d'autant plus important que les populations etudiees montrent des formes matures beaucoup moins nombreuses que les specimens jeunes ; fait souvent observe et qu'une migration saisonniere peut expliquer.
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Ceder, Martin, et Gustav Forslund. « Konvergens i EU : Trivs Östeuropa i EU-gemenskapen ? » Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174842.
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The EU is a unique project both in scope and design. However at the time of writing they are losing a large member which makes it more relevant to investigate EU. This paper focuses on examining how member states develop in this community and how countries with different backgrounds respond to joining this community. The first question that is addressed is whether the richer and poorer countries converge economically against each other. This is done through the least squares method (ols) where we examine how the countries' GDP / capita at the beginning of the project effects their growth. Where a negative relationship between GDP/capita and growth would mean that members converge on one another financially. Part of the question is how a certain group has reacted to EU entry, focusing on examining the members of Eastern Europe. We examine how their membership in the EU also affects their economic growth through a similar model that was used earlier, which is then expanded with dichotomous variables and interaction terms. The study finds that convergence exists between countries but cannot determine whether it is absolute or conditional. However, there is no significant support for the fact that EU entry has affected countries from eastern Europe in any conspicuous way.
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Oujidi, Mostafa. « La formation bariolée d'Ucel (trias supérieur) de la bordure cévenole (France) : sédimentologie, dynamique sédimentaire, diagenèse ». Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10094.
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La formation d’Ucel s’est déposée au cours de la différenciation initiale du bassin du Sud-Est lors du Trias supérieur. Elle correspond à un milieu deltaïque soumis à un climat semi aride à saisons contrastées, ce delta à la particularité de présenter des caractéristiques intermédiaires entre celles du Fan delta et celles des "braid delta" : association de nombreux séquences de cônes alluviaux avec des séquences de systèmes fluviatiles en tresse ou à méandres. Une modélisation mathématique des environnements sédimentaires a été élaborée afin d’établir un enregistrement graphique des changements hydrodynamiques et de différencier systèmes fluviales et cônes de déjection. L’analyse séquentielle, complétée par l’étude quantitative de la dynamique sédimentaire ont été ensuite replacées dans le cadre structural. Ces comparaisons permettent d’établir que la sédimentation est contrôlée par le jeu conjugué d’accidents varisques (N70°E) et Cévenols (N10 à N30°E). Les premiers semblent être décrochés de façon senestre par les seconds. Ce régime décrochant est à l’origine de la différenciation de petites bassins de déchirement qui se placent dans les secteurs d’intersection. Tel est le cas des ombilics du Charray et d’Andige, soumis à un enfoncement différentiel qui annonce la dynamique du Jurassique inférieur. Plusieurs axes de transit ont été reconnus, ils forment des zones morpho-structurales orientées du Nord-Ouest vers le Sud-Est. Dans la région de Privas (Nord-Est), on a reconnu : les couloirs de Creysseilles-Privas, de Creysseilles-St Prièst, jalonné par les ombilics du Charray et d’Andige, et des Gouzis-Vesseaux. Plus au Sud-Ouest s’individualise le sous-bassin de Largentière. Des nappes aquifères peu profondes se sont mise en place dans les sédiments immédiatement après leur dépôt. Il en est résulte une diagenèse précoce, responsable des premières phases de dolomitisation et de cimentation siliceuse. Après enfouissement, une porosité secondaire résulte de la dissolution facilitée par la compaction, le réservoir gréseux a subi les effets distensifs de la structuration de la marge. Ces facteurs ont permis et guidé la migration de fluides riches en Ca, Mg, Fe, S, et Si. Les ions Al, responsables de la néoformation du kaolin pourraient provenir de phénomènes hydrothermaux, mais aussi de l’altération météorique.
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Hamel, Aïcha. « Etude géologique des grès triasiques du gisement pétrolier de Hassi R'mel (Algérie) : Caractérisation, extension et milieu de dépôt ». Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2003.
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Anger, Stephan [Verfasser], Dimosthenis [Akademischer Betreuer] Trimis, Dimosthenis [Gutachter] Trimis et Angelika [Gutachter] Heinzel. « Untersuchungen zur Prozessgasaufbereitung von Flüssiggas für die Dampfreformierung in Brennstoffzellen-BHKW / Stephan Anger ; Gutachter : Dimosthenis Trimis, Angelika Heinzel ; Betreuer : Dimosthenis Trimis ». Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://d-nb.info/122091231X/34.
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Rau, Florian [Verfasser], Dimosthenis [Akademischer Betreuer] Trimis, Dimosthenis [Gutachter] Trimis et Andreas Siegfried [Gutachter] Bräuer. « Einsatz biogener Kraftstoffe zur Senkung der Emissionen von stationären Verbrennungsmotoren / Florian Rau ; Gutachter : Dimosthenis Trimis, Andreas Siegfried Bräuer ; Betreuer : Dimosthenis Trimis ». Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240475837/34.
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MIYASAKI, Michel Yoshio Almeida. « Comparação entre o TRIS, Lactose/TRIS, Ringer-Lactato e Leite Desnatado como diluidores na criopreservação do sêmen bubalino ». Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/5219.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O objetivo do experimento foi testar a eficácia de diferentes diluidores, a base de Ringer-Lactato, Leite Desnatado, TRIS (hidroxi-methil-amino-methan) e Lactose/TRIS, na criopreservação de sêmen bubalino. Foram utilizados três machos bubalinos da raça Murrah em plena atividade sexual. O sêmen foi colhido por vagina artificial totalizando 71 ejaculados. Após a colheita, cada amostra foi submetida às análises qualitativas e quantitativas do sêmen. Os ejaculados foram fracionados e diluídos nos quatro diluidores. O sêmen diluído foi envasado em palhetas de 0,25ml e submetidos a um tempo de equilíbrio de até quatro horas a 5ºC, com posterior congelação em nitrogênio líquido. As amostras identificadas foram descongeladas em banho maria à temperatura de 40°C por 30 segundos e seqüencialmente avaliadas quanto a motilidade, vigor, lesão de acrossoma, e percentual de patologias espermáticas. As amostras também foram submetidas ao teste de termo-resistência, permanecendo incubadas à temperatura de 40°C durante 30 segundos, 3-5 minutos, 30 minutos, 1 hora, 2 horas e 3 horas, onde foram avaliadas quanto a motilidade e o vigor espermático. As características físicoquímicas, após análise do sêmen in natura, encontraram-se dentro dos valores preconizados para a espécie bubalina e satisfatórios para o processo de congelação. Após descongelação do sêmen, observou redução numérica estatística (p<0,05) na motilidade espermática, sendo que no sêmen in natura se observou 86,67±6,17% reduzindo para 70±6,92% em TRIS, 67,4±8,01% em Ringer/lactato, 67,09±9,03% em Lactose/TRIS e 59,7±9,05% em leite desnatado e ao comparar entre os quatro tratamentos apenas o Leite desnatado mostrou diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05). Após descongelação, o vigor espermático também diminuiu estatisticamente (p<0,05) nos quatro tratamentos (3,50±0,53 TRIS; 3,38±0,49 Ringer-lactato; 3,3±0,46 Lactose/TRIS e 3,25±0,44 Leite desnatado) versus (4±0,39 sêmen in natura) e ao comparar entre os tratamento, apenas entre Leite desnatado e TRIS se observou diferença estatística (p<0,05). Quanto aos defeitos maiores (4,15±1,9% sêmen in natura; 10,51±4,4% TRIS; 11,94±4,2% Ringer-Lactato; 11,88±4,8% Lactose/TRIS; 12,01±5% Leite desnatado), menores (3,81±1,2% sêmen in natura; 4,67±1,1% TRIS; 4,98±1,7% Ringer-Lactato; 4,93±2,0% Lactose/TRIS; 4,93±2,0% Leite desnatado) e totais (7,91±2,1% sêmen in natura; 15,18±4,7% TRIS; 16,92±4,8% Ringer-Lactato; 16,82±5,6% Lactose/TRIS; 17,11±5,6% Leite desnatado), após descongelação houve aumento significativo dos defeitos nos quatro tratamentos (p<0,05), e entre eles não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre si (p>0,05). Na fase pós-TTR, após 3 horas de incubação, a motilidade progressiva (TRIS 21,13±7,5%; Ringer-Lactato 20,78±7,4%; Lactose/TRIS 20,25±5,3%; Leite desnatado 20,12±6,6%) e vigor espermático (TRIS 2,04±0,5; Ringer-Lactato 2,07±0,5; Lactose/TRIS 2,02±0,4; Leite desnatado 2,00±0,5) não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos (p<0,05). Quanto a intergridade do acrossoma, após a descongelação (Sêmen in natura 97,85±0,6%; TRIS 91,65±4,3%; Ringer-Lactato 90,46±4,8%; Lactose/TRIS 89,76±5,4%; Leite desnatado 90,56±5,6%), houve diminuição estatística (p<0,05) e quando se comparou tal parâmetro entre os tratamentos não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamento (p>0,05). Diante dos resultados observados é possível concluir que a congelação de sêmen de búfalo com os diluidores TRIS (Trishydroxy- methyl-amino-methan), Ringer-Lactato, Lactose/TRIS, e Leite desnatado mostraram satisfatória função de crioproteção na viabilidade espermática do sêmen nas diferentes etapas da criopreservação.
The objective of this experiment was to test the effectiveness of different extenders, the basis of Ringer Lactate, Skim Milk, TRIS (hydroxymethyl-amino-methil Methan) and Lactose/TRIS, the cryopreservation of buffalo semen. We used three male Murrah buffaloes in full sexual activity. The semen was collected by artificial vagina total of 71 ejaculates. After harvest, each sample was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyzes of semen. The ejaculates were split and diluted in four extenders. The diluted semen was stored in straws of 0,25 mL and subjected to an equilibration time of up to four hours at 5°C, with subsequent freezing in liquid nitrogen. The identified samples were thawed in a water bath at a temperature of 40°C for 30 seconds and subsequently evaluated for motility, vigor, acrosome damage, and percentage of sperm pathologies. The samples were also tested with heat-resistance, while remaining incubated at 40°C for 30 seconds, 3-5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, which were evaluated for motility and spermatic . The physico-chemical, after fresh semen analysis, were within the prescribed values for buffaloes and satisfactory for the freezing process. After thawing the semen, observed numerical reduction (p<0,05) in sperm motility, with fresh semen was found 86,67±6,17% decreasing to 70±6,92% in TRIS, 67,4±8,01% in Ringer/lactate, 67,09±9,03% in Lactose/TRIS and 59,7±9,05% in skim milk and to compare between the four treatments only the skimmed milk showed a statistically significant difference (p<0,05). After thawing, spermatic vigor also decreased significantly (p<0,05) in four treatments (3,50±0,53 TRIS, 3,38±0,49 Ringer's lactate, 3,3±0,46 Lactose/TRIS and 3,25±0,44 Skim milk) versus (4±0,39 fresh semen) and when comparing between treatment, only between skimmed milk and TRIS was no statistical difference (p<0,05). As for the larger defects (4,15±1,9% fresh semen; 10,51±4,4% TRIS, 11,94±4,2% Ringer's lactate, 11,88±4,8% Lactose/TRIS; 12,01±5% skim milk), smaller (3,81±1,2% fresh semen and 4,67±1,1% TRIS, 4,98±1,7% Ringer's lactate, 4,93±2,0% Lactose/TRIS, 4,93±2,0% skimmed milk) and total (7,91±2,1% fresh semen; 15,18±4,7% TRIS, 16,92±4,8% Ringer's lactate, 16,82±5,6% Lactose/TRIS, 17,11±5,6% skimmed milk), after thawing showed a significant increase of defects in the four treatments (p<0,05), and among them were not statistically different between groups (p>0,05). In the post-TTR after 3 hours of incubation, progressive motility (21,13±7,5% TRIS; Ringer lactate 20,78±7,4%; Lactose/TRIS 20,25±5,3%; Skimmed milk 20,12±6,6%) and spermatic vigor (TRIS 2,04±0,5, Ringer Lactate 2,07±0,5, Lactose/TRIS 2,02±0,4, 2 skim milk, 2,00±0,5) showed no statistical difference between treatments (p<0,05). As for intergridade acrosome after thawing (semen in natura 97,85,±0,6%; TRIS 91,65±4,3%, Ringer-Lactate 90,46±4,8%; Lactose/TRIS 89,76±5,4%; Skimmed milk 90,56±5,6%), decreased (p<0,05) and when comparing this parameter between treatments was not observed statistically significant differences between the treatment (p>0,05). Given the observed results we conclude that the freezing of buffalo semen extenders with TRIS (Tris-hydroxy-methyl-amino- Methan), Ringer Lactate, Lactose / TRIS and skimmed milk showed satisfactory function in cryoprotection of sperm viability semen in different stages of cryopreservation.
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Cudré, Yanouk. « Tris-heteroleptic iridium complexes for white emission ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7659/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Within the past decades, extensive research has been focusing on developing electroluminescent technologies (OLED and LEC). Especially, a lot of effort has been dedicated to the search a efficient phosphorescent materials with highly tuneable emission maxima bearing l a te transition metal atoms. Emitters such as cyclometalated idirium complexes have been proven to be very successful in this regards exhibiting colours from blue to red and being successfully applied in electroluminescent technologies. However, in order to decrease the manufacturing cost of these technologies, a single-centre white emitting material is highly desirable. In this context, this work investigates a new family of complexes bearing three different bidentate ligands known as tris-heteroleptic complexes to develop an emitter with a broad emission profile that would result in a white colour. Eighteen new tris-heteroleptic complexes with unprecedented ligand configurations have been synthesised by mixing different kind of ligand such as phenylpyridines (ppy), phenylpyrazo les (ppz) and phenylimidazoles (pim). This resulted in significant emission broadening with FWHM values up to nearly 6000 em- 1.
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Danaher, James. « GPS Translator Record and Interface System (TRIS) ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613761.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaGlobal Positioning System (GPS) translator signals have been used to track U.S Navy Trident missile test launches for the past 15 years. Absolute position accuracies of better than 20 meters in real-time and 8 meters in post mission have been consistently demonstrated. Flight qualified GPS translators 40 cubic inches in size have been developed for the U.S. Army Exoatmospheric Re-entry Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS) program and are currently available for use by U.S. and allied government test ranges. More widespread use of GPS translators is constrained, however, by the great expense and size of the custom ground equipment currently used to acquire GPS translator signals and compute the position and velocity of the vehicle. To address this problem, the U.S. Air Force Western Space and Missile Center (WSMC) placed 3S under contract to design a lower-cost GPS translator processor based mainly on using commercial telemetry equipment. This paper describes how a working prototype was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the Translator Record and Interface System (TRIS). This prototype shows that TRIS can be built from a combination of commercially-available telemetry equipment, GPS equipment developed for the U.S. Air Force Range Applications Joint Program Office (RAJPO), and a few elements of custom equipment.
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Pais, Mara Patrícia. « Valor Nutritivo e Investimento em Defesas em Folhas de Didymopanax vinosum E. March. e sua Relação com a Herbivoria em Três Fisionomias de Cerrado ». Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-13032005-181922/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O estudo teve por objetivo verificar se existe um gradiente de estresse nutricional entre fisionomias distintas na ARIE Pé-de-Gigante e verificar se às plantas de cerrado podem ser aplicadas (1) a hipótese da disponibilidade de recursos (Coley et al., 1985), segundo a qual plantas em ambientes com menos recursos investem mais em defesas e (2) a hipótese de que plantas sob estresse abiótico tornam-se mais susceptíveis a insetos herbívoros (Rhoades, 1979; White, 1969, 1984). Além disso, pretendeu-se verificar a composição da fauna de insetos herbívoros e de predadores e parasitóides associadas à planta. Foram comparados os padrões de herbivoria foliar, bem como a fauna de insetos herbívoros e de predadores e parasitóides associada a Didymopanax vinosum E. March. em fisionomias de campo cerrado, cerrado e cerradão, relacionando-os com possíveis variações nutritivas, da dureza foliar e dos teores de celulose, ligninas e taninos. Foi constatado que as folhas jovens de D. vinosum possuem maior conteúdo de água e nitrogênio, menor dureza e menores teores de celulose, ligninas e taninos. As análises de solo não apontaram diferenças entre as áreas em termos de composição química, indicando a ausência de um gradiente de estresse nutricional. No entanto, as plantas do cerrado e do cerradão apresentaram folhas mais ricas em água e nitrogênio e menor dureza que as plantas do campo cerrado. As plantas das duas primeiras áreas investem mais em taninos e menos em ligninas, os principais tipos de defesas quantitativas. Outros fatores abióticos podem exercer grande influência nas concentrações destes compostos, como a luminosidade, cuja deficiência parece colocar as plantas do sub-bosque do cerrado e do cerradão em situação de estresse. Desse modo, a hipótese 1 aplica-se a D. vinosum apenas quando se considera o investimento em taninos, mas não em ligninas. A herbivoria por insetos mastigadores foi muito baixa tanto em folhas jovens quanto em adultas (inferior a 2 e 5%, respectivamente). Em folhas adultas, foi maior apenas no cerradão, corroborando parcialmente a hipótese 2. Por outro lado, a herbivoria por insetos sugadores em folhas jovens foi intensa, principalmente no campo cerrado e no cerradão, sendo Lyothrips didymopanacis (Thysanoptera) a principal espécie responsável pelos danos foliares. As populações desta espécie demonstraram ser influenciadas primariamente pela disponibilidade de folhas jovens da planta. Populações de aranhas e coccinelídeos acompanharam parcialmente as flutuações das populações de L. didymopanacis.This study aimed at verifying the existence of a nutritional stress gradient among distinct physiognomies at Pé-de-Gigante Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE), and in such case, verifying whether the following hypotheses can be applied to cerrado plants: (1) the resource availability hypothesis (Coley et al., 1985), according to which plants in environments with fewer resources invest more in defence strategies, and (2) the hypothesis stating that plants under abiotic stress become more susceptible to herbivorous insects (Rhoades, 1979; White, 1969, 1984). In addition, the study also aimed at verifying the composition of the herbivorous insects fauna as well as those of predators and parasitoids associated with the plant. The leaf herbivory standards were compared and so were the faunas of herbivorous insects, predators and parasitoids associated with Didymopanax vinosum E. March in physiognomies of campo cerrado, cerrado and cerradão. Such standards were then related to possible variations in leaf nutrition, toughness and levels of cellulose, lignins and tannins. It was observed that young leaves of D. vinosum had more water and nitrogen content, less hardness and smaller levels of cellulose, lignins and tannins. Soil analyses did not show differences among the areas as to chemical composition, which indicates the absence of a nutritional stress gradient. However, cerrado and cerradão plants presented leaves with greater water and nitrogen contents as well as less toughness than campo cerrado plants. The plants in the two first areas invested more in tannins and less in lignins, which are the two major types of quantitative defences. Other abiotic factors can exert great influence on the concentration of these compounds, such as luminosity, whose deficiency seems to place cerrado and cerradão understory plants in a stressing situation. Therefore, hypothesis 1 applies to D. vinosum only when the investment in tannins is taken into account, but not that in lignins. Herbivory in chewer insects was low both in young and adult leaves (lower than 2 and 5%, respectively). As to adult leaves, it was higher only in cerradão, which partly supports hypothesis 2. On the other hand, herbivory by sucking insects on young leaves was intense, especially in campo cerrado and cerradão where Lyothrips didymopanacis (Thysanoptera) was the mainly responsible species for leaf damage. This species population showed to be primarily influenced by the availability of the plants young leaves. Populations of spiders and Coccinelideae partly followed L. didymonopacis population flows.
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Béthoux, Olivier. « Évolution des Archaeorthoptera (Insecta : Neoptera) du paléozoïque supérieur au mésozoïque inférieur : diversité taxonomique, disparité morphologique, paléoécologie ». Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les premières 'crises' concernant les insectes ailés, du Carbonifère supérieur au Trias moyen, sont étudiées d'après le clade super-ordinal Archaeorthoptera. Nous proposons des homologies de nervation alaire, une taxonomie révisée et une hypothèse de phylogénie. La diversité taxonomique est étudiée à partir d'un décompte des espèces connues. La disparité morphologique est étudiée d'après les types de vol et les appareils de stridulation. Au passage Carbonifère - Permien, la diversité taxonomique spécifique relative des Orthoptera passe de 5 à 70%, ce qui semble lié aux modifications des biotopes contemporains. Le passage Permien - Trias est marqué par l'extinction de l'ordre Caloneurodea, ayant une forte disparité morphologique. Au Trias, les groupes possédant un appareil de stridulation (Ensifera et Titanoptera) ont une forte diversité taxonomique. L'évolution des Archaeorthoptera a été marquée par des modifications des biotopes et par des innovations apparues au sein de ce groupeThe first known crises that concerned the winged insects, between the Late Carboniferous and the Middle Triassic, are studied after the supra-ordinal clade Archaeorthoptera. We propose homologies of the wing venation, a revised taxonomy, and a phylogenetic hypothesis. The taxonomic diversity is studied after the count of the known species. The morphological disparity is related to the flight modes and the stridulatory apparatuses. At the Carboniferous - Permian boundary, the specific relative taxonomic diversity changes from 5 to 70%, which seems to be related to contemporaneous changes in biota. The Permian - Triassic boundary is marked by the extinction of the order Caloneurodea, which has a high morphological disparity. The Triassic insects possessing a stridulatory apparatus (Ensifera and Titanoptera) have a high taxonomic diversity. The evolution of the Archaeorthoptera is marked by modifications of biotopes and by several innovations acquired within the group
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Mendonça, Rafael de Assunção Brito. « Características de sémen canino refrigerado : comparação entre três diluidores diferentes ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2209.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA conservação de sémen e inseminação artificial em cães tem vindo a ser uma prática crescente nos últimos anos. Com a selecção de linhagens de cães para trabalho, desporto e beleza, as trocas de material genético internacionalmente são inevitáveis. A refrigeração de sémen, para inseminação posterior, é o método mais prático e económico de realizar este intercâmbio. No processo de conservação de sémen é imprescindível a adição de diluidores, e um dos componentes mais utilizados, devido às suas características, é a gema de ovo. No entanto, devido aos riscos biológicos associados a este produto, têm surgido restrições do seu uso em alguns países. O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade de conservação de sémen de cão proporcionada por três diluidores diferentes, em termos de motilidade, morfologia e integridade da membrana plasmática. Estes parâmetros foram avaliados diariamente, ao longo de 4 dias, em 9 ejaculados. Cada ejaculado foi dividido em três partes, que foram diluídas em diluidores diferentes (tris-gema de ovo, tris-leite 25% ou trisleite 50%) e conservadas a 4 – 5ºC. A motilidade progressiva dos espermatozóides, ao fim dos 4 dias, foi significativamente melhor no diluidor tris-gema de ovo (54,7%) do que no tris-leite 25% (43,8%) ou no tris-leite 50% (40,4%). Em relação à percentagem de espermatozóides vivos e normais, foi também o diluidor tris-gema de ovo que apresentou melhores resultados (75,8%), comparativamente ao diluidor tris-leite 25% (66,2%) e tris-leite 50% (67,1%), sendo esta diferença significativa. A avaliação da integridade da membrana plasmática dos espermatozóides foi realizada por intermédio do teste hipo-osmótico, não se tendo verificado diferenças significativas entre diluidores. O diluidor tris-gema de ovo aparenta ser superior aos outros diluidores testados, na conservação de sémen de cão durante a refrigeração. No entanto, o diluidor tris-leite (numa concentração entre 25% a 50% v/v) também apresentou bons resultados, demonstrando ser um potencial substituto nos casos de envio de sémen para países em que a entrada de componentes de ovo está interdita.
ABSTRACT - Properties of chilled canine semen – comparison of three different extenders - Semen preservation and artificial insemination in dogs has become a common practice in the last years. With breeding selection for work, sports and beauty, the international exchange of genetic material are inevitable. In these cases, the use of chilled semen for artificial insemination is the most economical and practical method for doing it. Chilled semen preservation needs the addition of extenders, being egg yolk one of the components most used. However, since it can be a biologic hazards, several countries have imposed restrictions of its use. The aim of this study was to compare three different extenders in terms of their effects on canine spermatozoa, as judged by characteristics such as motility, morphology and plasma membrane integrity. These parameters were assessed daily over 4 days in 9 ejaculates. Each ejaculate was divided into three parts, which were extended in different extenders (egg-yolk-tris, milk-tris 25% and milk-tris 50%) and stored at 4 – 5 ºC. The progressive motility of spermatozoa on the fourth day was significantly higher in eggyolk- tris (54,7%) than in milk-tris 25% (42,8%) or in milk-tris 50% (40,4%). At the end of four days, the percentage of live and normal sperm was also significantly higher in the egg-yolktris extender (75.8%) than in milk-tris 25% (66.2%) and in milk-tris 50% (67.1%). The evaluation of plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa was determined by hypo-osmotic test, and there were no significant differences between extenders. The egg-yok-tris extender seems to be superior to the other extenders tested, in preservation of dog semen at 4ºC. However, the milk-tris extender (in a concentration (v/v) between 25% and 50%) also showed good results, providing to be a potential substitute in cases of shipment of semen to countries where the entry of egg components is forbidden.
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Hargreaves, Lora Joan. « Attributes of meaningful field trip experiences / ». Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2349.
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Garton, Ian Spencer. « Concurrency in B-trees and tries : search and insert ». Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33400.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Multiuser database systems require concurrency control in order to perform correctly. B-trees have become the standard data structure for storing indices that aid in data retrieval and there have been many algorithms published to enable concurrent operations for B-trees. Tries are another data structure useful for storing index data, particularly for text and spatial databases. Significant data compression can be achieved by using a trie to store index values. However, there have been no algorithms published to support concurrent trie operations.We present algorithms that enable concurrent searches and inserts for tries with pointerless representation. We also measure the performance of our algorithms and compare with that of the best B-tree algorithms. In order to measure trie concurrency, we survey a number of studies that have been made for B-tree concurrency. Using these published studies, we build a simulation model to measure the concurrency of our algorithms.