Thèses sur le sujet « Tube digestif – Motilité »
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Savoye-Collet, Céline. « Imagerie fonctionnelle du tube digestif ». Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUE04NR.
Texte intégralMazet, Bruno. « Modulation de la transmission synaptique au niveau du plexus coeliaque par les afférences gastro-intestinales : rôle du plexus coeliaque dans l'organisation d'un réflexe gastro-duodénal inhibiteur ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30007.
Texte intégralBagnol, Didier. « Organisation des voies nerveuses enképhalinergiques extrinsèques et intrinsèques, impliquées dans la commande motrice du tractus digestif ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30015.
Texte intégralLebesnerais, Catherine. « Etude expérimentale de la digestion chez l'huitre japonaise Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) ». Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2023.
Texte intégralBligny, Dominique. « Mémoire alimentaire du tube digestif : conséquences des transitions aiguës et des déséquilibres alimentaires sur la physiologie digestive ». Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B124.
Texte intégralDifferent types of duodenal nutrients alter gastroduodenal mobility. On the contrary, few data are available on the gastroduodenal motor effects of acute diet changes or unbalanced diets, two situations generated by occidental type diets. We built two experimental animal models to study in one hand the effects of an acute diet change from an animal-based diet to a plant-based diet, and on the other hand the consequences of isocaloric unbalanced diets with fat or carbohydrates excess. Rapid diet changes reduce the sensitivity of duodenal vagal afferents when they are simulated by duodenal intralipid or differents neurotransmitters such as CCK or 5HT. This reduced sensitivity is causative for the reduced gastric emptying rate observed after rapid diet changes. Intrlipid duodenal administration in animals chronically feed with isocaloric high fat diet is unable to induce a reduction in gastric compliance, after antro-pyloro-duodenal motility pattern and ultimately lead to the suppression of the duodenal brake on gastric emptying. Some of these effects are also found with high carbohydrate diet. Finally, in the inteerdigestive state and without an additional intralipid administration the high fat diet but not the high carbohydrate one induces an alteration of the duration of the migrating motor complex. In conclusion, an overall desensitisation is observed, either at the level of the duodenal vagal afferent or at the level of the whole body, is respectively induced by rapid diet change and by high fat, and to a lower extend by high carbohydrate diets
Meunier, Patrick. « Physiopathologie des dysfonctionnements de la motricité du tube digestif terminal ». Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1H056.
Texte intégralGidenne, Thierry. « Utilisation digestive des constituants pariétaux chez le lapin : méthodes d'études du transit et des flux, dans différents segments digestifs ». Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT017A.
Texte intégralMalbert, Charles-Henri. « Rôle du pylore dans le transit gastro-intestinal ». Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT022A.
Texte intégralLe, Blanc-Louvry Isabelle. « Étude de la motricité intestinale après montages chirurgicaux sus mésocoliques ». Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUE05NR.
Texte intégralRésumé en français
Résume en anglais
Bruley, des Varannes Stanislas. « Réponses motrices gastrointestinales d'origines alimentaires et pharmacologiques étudiées par électromyographie de contact ». Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30159.
Texte intégralBouyssou, Thierry. « Variations d'origine alimentaire de la motricité digestive chez le lapin ». Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT014A.
Texte intégralSavoye, Guillaume. « Etude descriptive et modulations pharmacologiques des activités motrices combinées gastroduodénales impliquant l'estomac proximal ». Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUE03NR.
Texte intégralWeber, Jacques. « Etudes anatomo-physiologiques du contrôle nerveux extrinsèque du tube digestif chez l'homme ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30036.
Texte intégralMaillot, Céline. « Effets et mécanismes d'action du corticotropin-releasing factor périphérique sur la motricité colique chez le rat ». Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUE02NR.
Texte intégralLiberge, Martine. « Contrôle hypothalamique de la motricité gastrointestinale chez le rat : rôle de la cholecystokinine, de la neurotensine et des enképhalines ». Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT026A.
Texte intégralVitton, Véronique. « Réflexes somato-sympathiques et motricité colo-sphincterienne : étude chez le chat et chez l'homme ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30016.
Texte intégralMéance, Séverine. « Effets d'un lait fermenté par Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 sur le transit intestinal et le risque d'adénome colorectal : études chez l'homme ». Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU03.
Texte intégralRoger, Thierry. « La motricité caeco-colique chez le cheval : données histologiques, physiologiques et pharmacologiques ». Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT029A.
Texte intégralLuccchini, Stéphane. « Contribution à l'étude de la sensibilité digestive : mécanisme de la chémosensibilité gastro-instestinale, rôle des nerfs vagues dans le contrôle de la circulation intestinale ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30104.
Texte intégralGué, Michelle. « Nature et origine des troubles moteurs gastrointestinaux liés aux stress acoustique et thermique : rôle de la corticolibérine ». Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30194.
Texte intégralBidah, Driss. « Elaboration de nouvelles formes galéniques libérant un principe actif très peu soluble dans le milieu gastrointestinal, avec matrices polymères et un polymère gonflant : expérimentation et modélisation ». Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET4004.
Texte intégralWrzosek, Laura. « Impact du microbiote intestinal sur l'homéostasie de l'épithélium colique : étude sur des modèles de rats gnotobiotiques ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066600.
Texte intégralThe intestinal microbiota is essential to our health by actively participating in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. The objectives are to study in gnotobiotic rats, the effect of the microbiota on the balance between proliferation and differentiation processes in colonic epithelial cells and to propose hypotheses on the mechanisms involved. We have shown that the transfer of a complex microbiota into germ-free rats reproduced a pattern of primocolonization and induced structural and functional maturation of the colonic epithelium with strong modulation of goblet cells. We have also demonstrated the ability of two commensal bacteria, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to modulate the differentiation of goblet cells, the synthesis and glycosylation of mucins. These effects would be linked at least in part by the production of acetate and butyrate. Finally, we have observed that Streptococcus thermophilus, a dietary lactic acid bacterium, induced a partial maturation of the colonic epithelium, particularly by stimulating goblet cells. Based on the specific metabolism of S. Thermophilus in the digestive tract and in accordance with our in vitro results, we propose that lactate may be a mediator of these effects. Thus, this work highlights the importance of the microbiota and the bacterial metabolites in the modulation of the intestinal barrier. This work provides new insights to understand how the microbiota modulates the homeostasis of the colonic epithelium and conversely how the host shapes the microbiota
Fasano, Caroline. « Sphingolipides et physiologie des ganglions sympathiques prévertébraux ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30035.
Texte intégralThe role of ceramide in the physiology of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia has been studied in the rabbit. On an in vitro isolated ganglion preparation, I have demonstrated that ceramide participates to the integrative properties of sympathetic ganglionic neurons by modulating their synaptic nicotinic activation. On an in vitro ganglion organ preparation, I have studied the mechanism conveying the neuronal excitation without action potentials occurring during the gastroduodenal inhibitory reflex. I have demonstrated that this mechanism is based on a ceramide production following the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase. This conveyance of excitation requires the integrity of lipid rafts and the activation in cascade of the following second messengers sequence: ceramide → calcium → NO → GMPc. Thus sphingolipids play an important role in the physiology of the prevertebral ganglia. My results open new prospects in the fundamental field of neuronal functioning
Du, Chuang. « Motricité du colon chez le rat : nature et controle medullaire ». Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT006A.
Texte intégralMorteau, Olivier. « Altérations de la motricité colique et de la sensibilité viscérale dans la colite expérimentale chez le rat. Approches pharmacologiques ». Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30028.
Texte intégralBrugère, Hubert. « Motricité du côlon et transit après ablation des ganglions prévertébraux mésentériques chez le chien ». Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT009A.
Texte intégralGhia, Jean-Eric. « Etudes fonctionnelles des peptides dérivés de la Chromogranine A : Inflammation, nociception et motricité colique ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13134.
Texte intégralTime analysis of hydrological cycle components is of prime interest, our environment being subject to climate change since the mid 1970s. In this context, trends in major hydro-climatic variables (rainfall, snow cover, air temperature, sunshine duration and water levels) were analysed at different temporal and spatial scales. This working step is prolonged with the application of future climate scenarios to rainfall-runoff modelling, in order to predict possible evolutions of the hydrological reponse of the main tributaries of the Alzette river (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), in the middle of the current century (2050s). After a data quality check of the hydro-climatic database, the secular analysis of regional climate demonstrates a succession of two oscillations since the middle of the nineteenth century, influencing the hydrological regime of the main rivers flowing in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. During the last five decades, opposite trends between winter rainfall regime and summer rainfall regime could be found. The magnitude of trends is determined by atmosphere-topography interactions. In the same period, climate warming is confirmed, with an altitudinal dependancy in some seasons and an increase of diurnal temperature range in most seasons. As a result of temperature increase, snow cover has decreased on regional scale in the 1990s, but without a previous general recessive trend. Sunshine duration series exhibit a significantly decreasing trend in spring and autumn and indicate cloudless conditions in summer. These climate trends could be related to a synoptic atmospheric forcing evolution. Analysis of water level time series in the second half of the 20th century shows a stronger response to changes in climatic regime of winter high water levels, also conditoned by the mean altitude of river basins. The climate variations seem to have a major influence on hydrological trends in comparison to the evolution of land uses. Considering the 2050 horizon, the utilization of raw and disaggregated GCM (Global Circulation Model) outputs, in conjunction with rainfall-runoff modelling and a stochastic weather generator, provides a panel of possible climate scenarios under GHG (Green House Gazes) forcing predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
Gaige, Stéphanie. « Rôle des interactions leptine / interleukine-1β / cholecystokinine dans le contrôle de l'ingestion chez le chat ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30064.
Texte intégralThe effects of leptin, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and cholecystokinin (CCK) on vagal intestinal chemosensitive mechanoreceptors were studied in anaesthetized cats. Leptin acts in two ways: by increasing the discharge frequencies of some vagal afferent nerve fibres (type 1 units) and by decreasing those of other fibres (type 2 units). Endogenous IL-1ß receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) inhibits the excitatory effects of leptin and potentializes its inhibitory effects. Both types of units are activated by IL-1ß. Pre-treatment with CCK enhances the effects of both leptin and IL-1ß on type 1 units, and blocks their effects on type 2 units, thus initiating intestinal contractions through a vago-vagal reflex. Our results clearly demonstrate the major role played by peripheral integration in monitoring ingestion whether under physiological or pathological conditions
Fabre, Charles. « Etude de la motricité gastroduodénojéjunale dans l'achalasie primaire ». Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3030.
Texte intégralArvouet, Grand Anne. « Etudes pharmacologiques et pharmacotechniques de la betterave rouge ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF15008.
Texte intégralLopez, Yvan. « Motricité pylorique chez le chien : contrôle par la cholécystokinine. les opioi͏̈des et les prostaglandines ». Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT019A.
Texte intégralSoret, Rodolphe. « Impact du butyrate sur la plasticité du système nerveux entérique et les répercussions fonctionnelles ». Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT31VS.
Texte intégralGastrointestinal functions are controlled by the enteric nervous system (ENS), independently of the central nervous system. The ENS is an integrated neuronal network localized along the gut and organized in two major plexus: the myenteric plexus, involved in the control of Gl motility and the submucosal plexus, involved in the control mainly mucosal functions such as electrolyte secretion, paracellular permeability and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Short chaine fatty acides (SCF A) mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by bacterial fermentation of indigestible fiber contained in the colon. Butyrate is the primary energy source for the colonie epithelium and he modulates many œil functions such as proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. The objective of this thesis was to study the impact of butyrate on the plasticity of the ENS and the functional implications of these effects. Ln vivo, rats fed a diet enriched in resistant starch or intra-colonic infusion of butyrate solution, we demonstrated a specifie increase and dose-dependent, the proportion of cholinergie neurons. This effect is associated with increased colonie motility. Ex-vivo treatment of muscular strip-myenteric plexus by butyrate increases cholinergie contractile response. Induction of a cholinergie phenotype by butyrate involved transporters MCT2 which were specifically deteeted in enteric neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that butyrate-induced ChAT expression involved the Src-kinase signaling pathway and the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9. Ln addition, we developed a method for isolating and culturing primary enteric glial cells (EGC) from rat, mou se and human colonie tissues. Finally, we determined their functional role, in particular of human EGC, upon major intestinal epithelial and neuronal cell function
Rouillon, Jean-Michel. « Etude du tonus intestinal lors des réflexes viscéraux chez l'homme sain et chez trois sujets atteints de pseudo-obstruction intestinale chronique ». Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11098.
Texte intégralPorcher, Christophe. « Caracterisation morpho-fonctionnelle des cellules interstitielles de cajal dans le tractus gastro-intestinal chez l'homme ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30093.
Texte intégralQUINSON, NATHALIE. « No et proprietes integratives des ganglions prevertebraux ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30039.
Texte intégralVries, Philine de. « Développement post natal et ciblage nutritionnel du système nerveux entérique : étude chez le raton nouveau-né ». Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=00363864-558d-4cb2-9e04-f7012a6c2bff.
Texte intégralDigestive dysfunctions are often observed in premature child, such as slowing of intestinal transit to ulceronecrotizing enterocolitis. These symptoms could be a source of morbidity. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is known to be a major regulator of digestives functions. At birth, the child is submitted to environmental factors, and the GI tract is submitted to the influence of nutrients and their derivatives, such as butyrate. The commensal intestinal flora also has close ties with the GI tract. We first studied the maturation of rat pups ENS, and its impact upon the colonic motor functions. Few spontaneous contractions of the colon appeared at P5. Starting P14 rhythmic phasic contractions appeared whose frequency increased over time until P36. In addition, EFS induced contractions were significantly reduced by atropine from P14, while the proportion of ChAT-immuno reactive neurons increased significantly over time. Daily intrarectal administration of 2. 5 mM butyrate, to the pups from P7 to P17, increased the proportion of nitrergic and cholinergic cells and increase colonic motility in vivo. Ex vivo the motor response to EFS were disrupted in the presence of atropine and L-Name. Perinatal administration of oral Metronidazole to pups until P21, altered sensitivity to inflammation. Functional maturation of the colon and structural changes of the SNE occured after birth. Food and antibiotics can influence their development. This opens perspectives for the prevention and treatment of intestinal disorders in premature infants
Theodorou, Vassilia. « Relations entre motricité, transit et absorption hydrique au niveau du colon : approche physiologique et pharmacologique ». Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT034A.
Texte intégralBouin, Mickaël. « Description de la motricité gastro-duodénale au cours de la nutrition entérale chez l'homme : étude de l'influence des fibres alimentaires ». Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUE04NR.
Texte intégralPouderoux, Philippe. « Manométrie de l'intestin grêle : relation entre motricité et absorption du D-Xylose ». Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11034.
Texte intégralCopel, Dommerc Carine. « Modulation du courant Nav1. 9 par l'activation des récepteurs NK3 aux neurokinines dans les neurones afférents primaires du système nerveux entérique de cochon d'inde ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20703.
Texte intégralIn the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the guinea pig, the intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) selectively express the Nav1. 9 channel, which produces a TTX-resistant, slow and persistent Na+ current (INav1. 9). They communicate between themselves, and with interneurons and motoneurons by slow EPSPs that are mainly induced by neurokinin NK3 receptors (NK3r) stimulation. Their sensory activation triggers motor and secretory reflexes. This work, mainly performed by in situ IPANs patch clamp recording in the guinea pig duodenum, shows that rNK3 activation by senktide, a selective agonist, increases INav1. 9. This effect, transient because of the rNK3 desensitization, involves PKC and is due to a negative shift of the voltage dependence of channel gating processes. It allows INav1. 9 to generate plateau potentials and to reduce the action potential threshold. In order to examine the functional consequences of the Nav1. 9/rNK3 coupling, we started a comparative study of colon motility in wild type and Nav1. 9-/- mice. After having confirmed that Nav1. 9 is expressed in mouse colon neurons, in a first step we show that myoelectric migrant complexe frequency is significantly reduces by a rNK3 antagonist. Nav1. 9/rNK3 coupling seems to favor synaptic transmission in the ENS. It underlines that, in this system, Nav1. 9 and rNK3 could play a physiological role, whereas rNK3 was though to act only in extreme conditions in gut motility and Nav1. 9 is involved only in inflammatory pain in nociceptive neurons Key
Giannarelli, Sylvie. « Validation de modèles cellulaires issus du tractus digestif : la lignée IEC-6 pour l'étude de l'adaptation aux AINS et à l'éthanol au cours des passages successifs : mise au point d'un modèle de cellules musculaires lisses isolées ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30015.
Texte intégralGoma, Loemba Roll. « Interactions ver de terre-bactéries au cours du transit intestinal ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0026.
Texte intégralIn addition to bioturbation and ecosystem engineer activities, the impact of earthworms on the soil could be strongly linked to other processes dependent on transit of soil through his digestive tract. In particular, the interaction between earthworm and bacteria during digestive transit remains poorly established, although a number of works. In three species of temperate earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, Dendrobaena veneta et Aporrectodea caliginosa, belonging to three different ecological categories (epigeic, anecic, endogeic), we show by culture-independent DGGE 16S RNA, the structure in vivo of digestive tract bacterial communities is very different from that of the soil and varied from one part to another of the digestive tract. Indeed, among the three species of earthworms, the anterior parts of the digestive tract (crop-gizzard and foregut) appear as sites of maximun intensity disturbances in bacterial community structure of soil ingested , while in posterior parts (midgut and hindgut), the community structure is more similar to that of the soil. The water-soluble extracts of the digestive tract, characterized by their protein, reducing sugars, glucose and amino sugars content, present a quantitative and qualitative change perfectly correlated with the bacterial community structure observed in vivo, with very high quantities of soluble protein and reducing sugars (up to 270 µg/ mg dry weight of gut contents of L. terrestris) in the anterior parts of the digestive tract (crop-gizzard and foregut) but declined sharply in the posterior parts (midgut and hindgut). The in vitro simulation of the effect of soluble extracts of the digestive tract of a soil demonstrates their ability to alter the dominant bacterial community structure of soil in three species of earthworms studied. Their effect, particularly visible with the water-soluble extracts from crop-gizzard and foregut, decreases or disappears with water-sol uble extracts of the midgut and hindgut. In perspective, from these results, the concept of microbial savings is proposed to describe how the energy available in the soil (microbial biomass) could be used, transmitted and maintained in the digestive tract.Keywords: soil, gut, earthworm, microbiota, bacteria, DGGE 16S RNA, resilience, microbial savings, mutualism
Jeanneton, Olivier. « Etude des récepteurs membranaires du PAF du muscle lisse intestinal : caractérisation pharmacologique, mécanismes intracellulaires et régulation des récepteurs au cours de l'inflammation ». Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30199.
Texte intégralDelmas, Patrick. « Nouveau courant muscarinique dans les neurones sympathiques des mammifères ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30074.
Texte intégralDiallo, Alpha Amadou. « Escherichia coli pathogènes et résistantes aux antibiotiques dans les effluents d'origine humaine et animale : prévalence et caractérisation avant et après traitement épuratoire ». Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2112/.
Texte intégralStrains of Escherichia coli are found in the gastrointestinal tract of many warm-blooded animals, including humans, where they commonly play the role of commensal bacteria. This normally harmless commensal needs only to acquire a combination of virulence factors to become a highly adapted pathogen capable of causing a range of diseases, from gastroenteritis (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC. . . ) to extraintestinal infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream or central nervous system (ExPEC). Genes associated with EHEC and ExPEC and ESBL producing strains were sought in E. Coli strains isolated from human or animal effluent. Prevalence of genes associated with ExPEC was higher in urban effluents (26. 9%) and in the treated effluent (13. 2%) than in the effluents from livestock (2. 6%). In contrast, the genes associated with EHEC were higher in animal waste. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. Coli were mainly detected in human waste. The treatment at the WWTP had not completely eliminated the pathogenic E. Coli and / or ESBL-producing E. Coli. These strains will eventually end up in the watercourse to become a source of human and animal contamination. The comparison of results obtained in France and Senegal shows that the prevalence of potentially pathogenic E. Coli was higher in the effluents in France
Million, Mulugeta. « Rôle des peptides endogènes à activité antiopioide dans le contrôle de la motricité gastrointestinale : approche pharmacologique en situation physiologique et physiopathologique ». Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT024A.
Texte intégralRobbe-Masselot, Catherine. « Étude de la glycosylation des mucines intestinales humaines : développement de nouvelles stratégies de criblage des O-glycannes de mucines ». Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-231-1.pdf.
Texte intégralVernière, Eric. « Etude des interactions digestives du gluten de blé et des produits d'hydrolyse de la fraction gliadine ». Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20267.
Texte intégralBonaz, Bruno. « Modulation du complexe myoélectrique migrant (CMM) par les systèmes noradrénergiques centraux chez le rat ». Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10152.
Texte intégralD'Alexis, Séverine. « Stratégies innovantes de gestion du pâturage pour améliorer l'alimentation et lutter contre le parasitisme gastro-intestinal : pâturage mixte caprins/bovins et addition de vermicompost ». Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0537/document.
Texte intégralSystems of small ruminant grazing are most prevalent in the humid tropics but this environment exposes animals to gastro-intestinal with production losses. The objective ofthis thesis is to evaluate a system ofmixed management ofthe pasture combining various animal species, which allows a priori to increase animal performance by reducing the parasitism and/or better nutrition. The study of literature bas led to a meta-analysis confirming the better individual performances or calculated per ha for sheep reared mixed. The first experiment validated the non-transmission of Iarvae ofHaemonchus contortus from goats to heifers. In a second experiment, goats mixed with heifers, infested or not with Haemonchus contortus (Ml vs MnI) were compared with controls goats, reared alone, infested or not (CI and CNI). This deviee with a continuous driving was studied for two years with measurements on the sward, individual measures of intake, digestibility, parasitism and growth ofthe goats. The highest growth rates were measured with the mixed pasture as goats are infested or not (43.25 and 31.68 g / d for MN! and MI vs. 32.44 and 17,91 g / d) with lower biomass. The herbage intake and the digested herbage intake were well correlated to the growth rate, unIike parasitic variables, and highlight the role of diet in the benefit of mixed driving for goats. Therefore, the infested goats with Haemonchus, expressed greater resilience with improved growth performance compared with controls. Parallel to the study ofmixed pasture, another integrated management of grazing was studied, based on the use of vermicompost and relying on the same levers. namelv throuzh feedinz and parasitism