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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Types of clause »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Wahyu Nugraha, I Komang Sulatra et Purwati. « SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN ADULTERY NOVEL ». SPHOTA : Jurnal Linguistik dan Sastra 12, n^o 1 (18 mars 2020) : 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/sphota.v12i1.681.

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A subordinate clause (dependent clause) is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought. It explains and gives more information to the main clause. There are three major types of subordinate clause such as: Complement Clause, Relative Clause, and Adverbial Clause (Miller, 2002:63). This research is a library research that aims to find out types and functions of subordinate clause found in Adultery. This research uses several theories from expert in other to analyze the problems in this study. The book written by Jim Miller (2002) entitled An Introduction to English Syntax and the book written by Bas Aarts (2001) entitled English Syntax and Argumentation, Second Edition are used. It is stated that there are three major types of subordinate clause that can be recognized as Complement clause, Relative clause, and Adverbial Clause. Then, the clause functions such as Clauses Functioning as Subject, Clause Functioning as Direct Object, Clauses Functioning as Adjunct and Clauses Functioning as Complements within Phrases. The result of this research shows that three major types of subordinate clause are found. Furthermore, the clause functions are also found as well, however only Clauses Functioning as Subject weren’t found in this research.

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Pak, Miok D. « Types of Clauses and Sentence end Particles in Korean ». Korean Linguistics 14 (1 janvier 2008) : 113–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.14.06mdp.

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Abstract. It is well known that Korean marks clauses through the particles that occur at the end of sentences and also that there are many clause types. One can find as many as eleven clause types proposed in the literature. In this paper I examine all proposed sentence types and sentence end particles through Sadock and Zwicky's (1985) criteria on clause types and decomposition of the particles. The study lends the conclusion that there are at most 5 clause types; declarative, interrogative, imperative, exhortative, and promissive (the last three can even be grouped into one clause type, jussives). It also reveals that not all sentence end particles mark clause type and that they can be categorized into three categories: special mood particles, speech style particles, and clause typing particles. The paper concludes with the issue of the role of clause typing particles. While they are labeled clause typing particles in the sense that they are unique to the clause types they appear in, I argue that they are not markers of sentential force.

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Kanaby, Dler Sadiq, et Shukry Ahmad Muhammad. « The role of iconization in the order of the adverbial clause in the Kurdish language ». Twejer 5, n^o 1 (juin 2022) : 417–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2251.10.

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This study is an attempt to establish the order of the adverbial clause in the Kurdish language, and to identify the main place of this kind of clause by taking advantage of (iconicity factor) from the functional-typological point of view, which precedes or followers the main clause. Adverbial clauses are the sub-sentences, which appear in complex sentences and describe a part of the main clause or the whole main clause. This type of clause in the Kurdish language is divided into several types, such as adverbial clauses (time, place, causal, conditional, purpose, result, measure, and vice versa), which can be preceded and followed by main clause. In order to determine the main location of the types of adverbial clause from a functional-typological point of view, a number of factors have been taken into account, which is one of the factors (the iconicity factor). According to viewpoints (Diessel: 2005, 2008, 2011) the iconicity factors an important role in ordering and identifying certain types of adverbial clause such as clauses (time, place, conditional, purpose and result). The iconicity factor is the order of events outside the language, which must similarly be order within the language. That is, how the event occurs outside the language, it must be reflected in the language in the same way. If an adverbial clause event occurs before main clause outside the language, it must be reflection the same way inside the language. That is to say, the adverbial clause precedes of the main clause. First, we try to discuss the concept, definition, and types of iconicity, and then discuss the role of this doing factor in the ranking of the types of adverbial clause in the Kurdish language.

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Alharbi, Bader. « The Pronominal Element in Arabic Copular Clauses ». International Journal of English Linguistics 10, n^o 4 (12 avril 2020) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n4p21.

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In Arabic, a pronominal element (PE) (Note 1) appears in almost all copular clause types, specifically the specificational, identificational, and identity clauses, as well as in clauses with a post-copular definite description. It is obligatory in an identity clause consisting of proper nouns and is otherwise optional. However, the PE cannot be used in Arabic predicational clauses. This paper examines the nature of this PE, why it is illicit in the predicational clause and licit in all other types, and why it is obligatory only in the identity clause consisting of proper nouns and is otherwise optional. It suggests that the PE is a realization of the F head (the identity predicate) in the structure of the identity clause. The illicit use of the PE in the predicational clause follows from the presence of predicative expressions in this type of clause. Lastly, it is shown that the PE is obligatory only in an identity clause involving proper nouns to avoid ambiguity, and is otherwise optional.

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Prabawati, Ni Luh Satya, I. Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra et I. Wayan Sidha Karya. « THE STUDY OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN CHINA DAILY NEWSPAPER ». Journal of Language and Literature 8, n^o 2 (2020) : 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2020.v8i2.3578.

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Learning about subordinate clause it gives the understandings of the fuller descriptions of the main clause. This study aimed to find out the types of subordinate clause in complex sentences found in China Daily Newspaper. The data was collected through library research. This study used qualitative analysis method to describe and analysis the data found. The theory proposed by Miller (2002) is used to analyze the types of subordinate clause in complex sentences. The data analysis was presented through formal and informal method. Based on the result, there were three types of subordinate clause found in China daily Newspaper, namely relative clause, adverbial clause, and complement clause. This research found 61 subordinate clauses of complex sentences. Among the three types of subordinate clause, Relative clause is the most frequently found as modifier which 32 data or 52% and followed by Adverbial clause which 20 data or 33%. While the least frequently found is Complement clause which 9 data or 15%.

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McGregor, William. « Clause types in Gooniyandi ». Language Sciences 14, n^o 4 (octobre 1992) : 355–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(92)90022-7.

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Afrianto, Afrianto, Farida Ariyani et Ingatan Gulo. « LAMPUNG CLAUSE COMPLEXES : A PARATACTIC CONFIGURATION STUDY ». LITERA 20, n^o 3 (11 janvier 2022) : 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v20i3.37064.

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This research aims at capturing and characterizing clause complexes in Lampung language by considering the structure and conjunction. Here, it focuses on paratactic configuration. A Lampung paratactic configuration consists of two or more independent clauses and is also recognized by the presence of conjunction and punctuation. The conjunction bridges two or more clauses in clause complexes and signs a relation between and among those clauses. There are six conjunctions found; those are ‘ghik’, ‘kidang’, ‘tapi’, ‘sedengko’, ‘jadi’, and ‘bahko’. Regarding how those conjunctions relate clauses, this research found four types of relation; those are additional relation realized by ‘ghik’ and ‘bahko’, comparative and contrastive relation performed by ‘kidang’, ‘tapi’, ‘sedengko’ and then consequential relation shown by ‘jadi’. Other than conjunction, the punctuation is also found to connect clauses; it is comma. It is noteworthy that comma connects two independent clauses and semantically construes additional relation since comma is found in configuration of two clauses in which a clause adds more detail information or more explanation for another one. Besides, comma is also found in a paratactic configuration consisting of three clauses, here it is configured with a conjunction such as ‘ghik’. Furthermore, this research also found four variants of paratactic configuration; those are Independent clause - conjunction - Independent clause; Independent clause - conjunction - Independent clause + dependent clause; Independent clause + Dependent cause - conjunction - Independent clause; Independent clause + Dependent clause - conjunction - Independent clause + Dependent clause.

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Siemund, Peter. « Exclamative clauses in English and their relevance for theories of clause types ». Studies in Language 39, n^o 3 (26 octobre 2015) : 698–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.3.06sie.

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In the present study, I investigate the grammar and usage of English exclamative clauses of the type What a wonderful journey this is! and How wonderful this journey is! Building on existing research, I argue that the exclamative clause type can be motivated both syntactically and semantically/pragmatically. In the main part of my study, I offer a usage-based analysis of English exclamative clauses drawing on data from the British National Corpus and the International Corpus of English, British Component. I consider 703 tokens of what-exclamatives and 645 tokens of how-exclamatives. My analysis reveals that English exclamatives typically occur in reduced form lacking an overt verbal predicate, i.e. What a wonderful journey! or How wonderful! I provide an explanation for the predominance of reduced forms based on the semantico-pragmatic properties of exclamations. Moreover, I argue that the usage properties of exclamatives render it a marginal clause type, as it is highly infrequent and predominantly appears in non-clausal forms. Usage data point to a cline of clause types as the more appropriate approximation of reality instead of the familiar distinction between major and minor clause types.

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Siagian, Melani Rahmi, et Mulyadi Mulyadi. « Penanda Klausa Adverbial Dalam Bahasa Angkola ». MEDAN MAKNA : Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 19, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mm.v19i2.3447.

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An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that serves to provide information on the main clause. The presence of an adverbial clause is not a must, but it can help create coherence in a discourse. This study aims to describe the markers of adverbial clauses in Angkola language. The method used is descriptive qualitative markers. Data collections are conducted by speaking, listening, and taking notes. The data in this study are adverbial clauses in Angkola language obtained from native Angkola speakers and also written sources obtained from Angkola language books. Data analysis was carried out by matching the data with the theory contained in the study, namely adverbial clause markers in Angkola language sentences. The results showed that there were five types of adverbial clauses in Angkola language, namely temporal clauses marked by the word dung 'after' and dompak 'when', conditional clauses marked by the word molo 'if', causal clauses (causal clause) which is marked by the word harana 'because', the purpose clause (purposal clause) which is marked by the word anso 'so that/so', and the concession clause (consessive clause) which is marked by the words bope 'although' and aha pe 'what ever'. The use of adverbial clauses can be found at the initial or final position in a sentence.

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Ning, Xinran, Yang Xu, Guanfeng Wu et Huimin Fu. « Set-Blocked Clause and Extended Set-Blocked Clause in First-Order Logic ». Symmetry 10, n^o 11 (28 octobre 2018) : 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110553.

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Due to scale and complexity of first-order formulas, simplifications play a very important role in first-order theorem proving, in which removal of clauses and literals identified as redundant is a significant component. In this paper, four types of clauses with the local redundancy property were proposed, separately called a set-blocked clause (SBC), extended set-blocked clause (E-SBC), equality-set-blocked clause (ESBC) and extended equality-set-blocked clause (E-ESBC). The former two are redundant clauses in first-order formulas without equality while the latter two are redundant clauses in first-order formulas with equality. In addition, to prove the correctness of the four proposals, the redundancy of the four kinds of clauses were proved. It was guaranteed eliminating clauses with the four forms has no effect on the satisfiability or the unsatisfiability of original formulas. In the end, effectiveness and confluence properties of corresponding clause elimination methods were analyzed and compared.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Rasolofo, Andoveloniaina. « Malagasy transitive clause types and their functions / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1196393781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-307). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Ramos, Bierge Stefanie. « Clause Types and Transitivity in Wixarika (Huichol)| A Uto-Aztecan Language ». Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10605084.

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Wixárika, also known as Huichol, is an endangered Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Mexico. Published works on Wixárika include articles and brief sketches on different aspects of the grammar; however, much about the language remains unknown. This dissertation presents a systematic description of simple clauses in Wixárika, based on eight hours of naturally recorded speech and elicited materials. Using a functional-typological perspective, I explore Wixárika’s morphosyntactic devices to express different types of events. In keeping with the study of clause types, I also explore the language’s morphological devices for modifying the number of arguments. Wixárika has five devices that add a core argument into the clause: causatives -tia, -ta, -ya, applicative -ri(e), vowel alternation, lability, and suppletion. Similarly, the language has five devices that reduce the number of arguments: reflexive/reciprocal pronoun prefixes, passive suffixes (-rie, -ya, -wa, -riwa, -tsie), middle voice prefix (yu-), and noun incorporation.

The overall analysis discusses the implications of the language’s system in existing typological theories. Wixárika shows to be devoid of any clear-cut boundary between clause types, as proposed in typological studies (Hopper & Thompson 1980; Givón 1984; Stassen 1997; Næss 2007; Kittilä 2002). Of particular interest are the prefixes ta-/ti- since they provide more evidence of this scalar nature; the speakers use these prefixes to encode the ‘effectiveness’ of the action (Cf. Grimes 1964; Iturrioz & Gómez 2006). These prefixes are explored in relation to other components of transitivity (e.g., the number of arguments and their encoding, tense/aspect/mood, polarity, the individuation of actor and undergoer, and the prefixes ti-/te- ‘distributive subject’) in expressing different degrees of transitivity. I show that these components lack co-variation (Cf. Hopper & Thompson), particularly with the prefixes ta-/ti-. However, the presence or absence of the prefixes ta-/ti- and/or the (de)transitivization devices express different degrees of transitivity. Particularly interesting is the fact that Wixárika has a tendency to polysynthesis, not common in Southern Uto-Aztecan languages. Therefore, this study not only contributes to a growing understanding of the grammatical system of Wixárika but also will clarify the evolution and intra-genetic relations of the Uto-Aztecan family.

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Mohamed, Aladdin Abd El Basset. « A contrastive study of discourse features in English and Arabic writing in connection with two text types : research article abstracts and newspaper letters to the editor ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364433.

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Daniele, Botteri. « Aspects of the Italian interrogative system ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1047476.

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This work investigates the formal properties of interrogative clauses in standard Italian, in the framework of the cartographic approach (Cinque and Rizzi 2010). In chapter 2 “The syntax of Italian interrogatives” a novel account of interrogative inversion is proposed according to which Italian has T-to-C movement in matrix interrogatives, as originally proposed in Rizzi and Roberts (1989). The starting point is the observation that in Italian, and in other Romance languages as well, overt non-clitic subjects cannot occur in their canonical position (that is in between the wh-phrase and the tensed verb or immediately on the right of the auxiliary/modal verb) in matrix wh-interrogatives. This fact has been explained in different ways over the past thirty years, with the debate focussing on two major points: whether T moves to C or not, and whether Romance preverbal subjects have the same status and target the same position as their Germanic counterparts. Building on theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence, I endorse the idea that the Subject- Agreement field must be split into several layers. I also argue that th Subject criterion (the cartographic rendition of the EPP) involves the satisfaction of two requirements: (i) the licensing of subject-verb agreement, and (ii) the licensing of the referential properties of the subject. Each requirement involves a different position in the Subject-Agreement field, where the lowest node is devoted to subject-verb agreement and Nominative licensing and the highest ones expressing subjectrelated features. I argue that in Null Subject Languages, inversion, independently motivated by the need of typing the clause as interrogative, might also satisfy the second requirement of the Subject Criterion. This fact, I argue, has the effect of allowing the projection of a reduced structure which doesn’t contain the layers usually targeted by preverbal subjects. Chapter 3 “The distribution of wh-items and the path of non criterial movement” investigates how the featural specialization of different left peripheral positions plays a role in wh-movement. Discussing dta involving clefted questions I propose that whenever different wh-items target different left peripheral positions in criterial wh-movement, they also target different positions in non criterial (that is, cyclic) wh-movement. This proposal prompts a novel view of “criterial positions” according to which a position should not be seen as criterial in an absolute sense. Only when the criterial feature projects, a cartographic position gives rise to the usual “criterial” effects. Chapter 4 “Focus and Ellipsis in questions and answers: the case of split questions” deals with so called split questions, that is interrogative structures formed by two parts: a wh-part which corresponds to a standard wh-question and a tag which constitutes a possible answer for that question. Building on previous work by Arregi (2010) I will adopt an ellipsis-based account according to which Split Questions are in fact biclausal structures. In chapter 5 “Rhetorical and «non canonical» questions” I discuss several instances of non standard questions, that is interrogatives which do not, or do not only, inquire for new information but convey further meaning. A natural question is whether the form of non standard questions is exactly the same of true questions, that is whether their peculiar meaning is reflected in the syntax - the null hypothesis from a cartographic viewpoint – or not. In order to address this question I investigate whether rhetorical questions and their non-rhetorical counterparts involve the same layer in the left periphery of the clause or not. Building on Obenauer and Poletto (2000), I endorse the idea that there are structural differences between the left periphery of the two types of questions; in particular I argue that rhetorical questions involve an extra left peripheral position dedicated to the licensing of modal properties. In the second part of the chapter I take into account some properties of non standard interrogative structures in modern Fiorentino. Chapter 6 “Beyond interrogatives: exclamative clauses and the internal syntax of wh-phrases” extends the analysis to wh-exclamatives, which are related to their interrogative counterparts under several respects. After reviewing some recent influential analyses of exclamatives (Zanuttini and Portner 2003, Rett 2008), wh-exclamatives derived from copular structures are discussed. This analysis provides the basis to investigate two aspects of the internal structure of the extended adjectival projection: the distribution of silent fuctional nouns in the spirit of R. Kayne’s recent work and the distribution of modifiers within the extended AP which, perhaps unsurprisingly, seems to follow Cinque’s hierarchy.

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Montagu, Benoît. « Programmer avec des modules de première classe dans un langage noyau pourvu de sous-typage, sortes singletons et types existentiels ouverts ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550331.

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Cette thèse décrit comment l'ajout de trois ingrédients à Système Fω permet d'écrire des programmes de façon modulaire dans un système explicite à la Church, tout en gardant un style proche des modules de ML. Le premier chapitre s'intéresse aux types existentiels ouverts, qui confèrent la possibilité d'utiliser des types existentiels sans restriction de portée : cela offre une plus grande flexibilité dans l'organisation des programmes. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des kinds singletons, qui modélisent les définitions de types : dans ce cadre, on donne une caractérisation simple de l'équivalence de types, fondée sur une relation de réduction confluente et fortement normalisante. Le dernier chapitre intègre les deux notions précédentes dans un langage noyau muni d'une relation de sous-typage : cela apporte à Fω un gain de modularité important, de niveau comparable à celui des modules de ML. Une traduction des modules vers ce langage est esquissée, permettant une comparaison précise des deux langages.

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Sozeau, Matthieu. « Un environnement pour la programmation avec types dépendants ». Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640052.

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Les systèmes basés sur la Théorie des Types prennent une importance considérable tant pour la vérification de programmes qu'en tant qu'outils permettant la preuve formelle de théorèmes mettant en jeu des calculs complexes. Ces systèmes nécessitent aujourd'hui une grande expertise pour être utilisés efficacement. Nous développons des constructions de haut niveau permettant d'utiliser les langages basés sur les théories des types dépendants aussi simplement que les langages de programmation fonctionnels usuels, sans sacrifier pour autant la richesse des constructions disponibles dans les premiers. Nous étudions un nouveau langage permettant l'écriture de programmes certifiés en ne donnant que leur squelette algorithmique et leur spécification. Le typage dans ce système donne lieu à la génération automatique d'obligations de preuve pouvant être résolues a posteriori. Nous démontrons les propriétés métathéoriques essentielles du système, dont les preuves sont partiellement mécanisées, et détaillons son implémentation dans l'assistant de preuve Coq. D'autre part, nous décrivons l'intégration et l'extension d'un système de "Type Classes" venu d'Haskell à Coq via une simple interprétation des constructions liées aux classes dans la théorie des types sous-jacente. Nous démontrons l'utilité des classes de types dépendantes pour la spécification et la preuve et présentons une implémentation économique et puissante d'une tactique de réécriture généralisée basée sur les classes. Nous concluons par la mise en œuvre de l'ensemble de ces contributions lors du développement d'une bibliothèque certifiée de manipulation d'une structure de données complexe, les "Finger Trees"
Systems based on dependent type theory are getting considerable attention for the verification of computer programs as well as a practical tool for developing formal mathematical proofs involving complex and expensive computations. These systems still require considerable expertise from the users to be used efficiently. We design high-level constructs permitting to use languages based on dependent type theory as easily as modern functional programming languages, without sacrificing the powerful constructs of the former. We study a new language allowing to build certified programs while writing only their algorithmical squeleton and their specification. Typing in this system gives rise to proof obligations that can be handled interactively a posteriori. We demonstrate the main metatheoretical results on this system, whose proofs are partially mechanized, and present its implementation in the Coq proof assistant. Then we describe an integration and extension of the type classes concept à la Haskell into Coq, providing a simple interpretation of the constructs linked with type classes into the underlying dependent type theory. We demonstrate the usefulness of these dependent type classes for specifications and proofs and present an economical yet powerful implementation of a generalized rewriting tactic based on them. We conclude by employing these contributions in the development of a certified library of a complex data structure called Finger Trees

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Le, botlan Didier. « Ml f : Une extension de ML avec polymorphisme de second ordre et instanciation implicite ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0016.

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Rasoamanana, Jean-Marc. « Etude résurgente d'une classe d'équations différentielles de type Schrödinger ». Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0008.

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Morin, Gabrielle. « The Present Perfect in since-clauses : the interaction with different types of predicates ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66867.

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Ce mémoire est une étude sémantique ayant comme sujet l’utilisation du Present Perfect dans les constructions temporelles introduites par la conjonction since en anglais. Le Simple Past étant la forme verbale la plus fréquente dans ce type de constructions syntaxiques telles que « She has been my friend since we were at school together », le Present Perfect est tout de même parfois utilisé par les interlocuteurs de l’anglais, comme dans « I have known you since I have lived in Quebec City ». Le but de la présente étude est donc de démontrer qu’il existe une certaine corrélation entre l’utilisation du Present Perfect et les différents types d’évènements/prédicats dans ce type de construction. Pour ce faire, la catégorisation des évènements en accomplissements, achèvements, activités, et états décrite par Vendler (1957) sert de base pour classer les 527 contextes de corpus utilisés. Dans ce sens, la signification intrinsèque de chaque type de prédicat, en combinaison avec l’influence d’éléments de durée présents dans la phrase principale tels que « It’s been twenty years since… », a une influence sur quelle forme verbale entre le Present Perfect et le Simple Past est la plus fréquente dans ce type de construction pour chaque type de prédicat. Il deviendra aussi clair que l’utilisation du Present Perfect dans les since-clauses n’est pas si rare qu’on peut le croire. Cependant, il est souvent possible de le remplacer par le Simple Past, ce qui nous amène à nous questionner sur le rôle et l’utilité du Present Perfect dans les propositions introduites par since.
This thesis is a semantic study of the behaviour of the Present Perfect in temporal sinceclauses. The Simple Past being the most commonly found verb form in temporal sinceclauses of the kind She has been my friend since we were at school together, there are times when speakers of English use the Present Perfect instead, such as in I have known you since I have lived in Quebec City. The purpose of this study is therefore to show a correlation between the use of the Present Perfect and the different types of events/predicates in this type of construction. To do so, Vendler’s (1957) categorization of events into accomplishments, achievements, activities, and states is used as a basis for the classification of the 527 corpus results examined in this study. In this sense, the intrinsic meaning of each type of predicate, combined with the influence of durational elements in the main clause such as It’s been twenty years since…, has an influence on whether the Present Perfect or the Simple Past is the most frequent verbal form used for each type of predicate. It will also become apparent that the presence of the Present Perfect in since-clauses is not as rare a phenomenon as one might think. However, in some cases, the Present Perfect can be replaced by its counterpart, the Simple Past, leading one to seek the reason for the choice of the Present Perfect in sinceclauses.

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Silva, Leonardo de Amorin e. 1980. « Grupos abelianos-por-(nilpotentes de classe 2) ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306919.

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Orientador: Dessislava Hristova Kochloukova
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Nesta tese consideramos uma extensão cindida G de um grupo abeliano A por um grupo nilpotente (de classe 2) Q e provamos dois resultados. Primeiro, se Q age nilpotentemente sobre A e G tem tipo FP2, calculamos o sigma invariante de G em dimensão 2. Segundo, se G tem tipo FP4, mostramos que cada quociente de G tem tipo FP4
Abstract: In this thesis we consider a split extension G of an abelian group A by a nilpotent group (class 2) Q and prove two results. First, if Q acts nilpotently on A and G has type FP2, compute the sigma invariant of G in dimension 2. Second, if G has type FP4, we show that every quotient G has type FP4
Doutorado
Matematica
Doutora em Matemática

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Livres sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Desjardins, André. Les changements technologiques : Recueil de clauses-types. [Quebec] : Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère du travail, Centre de recherche et de statistiques sur le marché du travail, 1985.

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William, Ibbs C., et University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engineering., dir. Determining the impact of various construction contract types and clauses on project performance. [Urbana-Champaign, Ill : University of Illinois, 1986.

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The non-verbal type of small clauses in English and Lithuanian. Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010.

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Machonin, Pavel. Historical comparison of social stratification types in Czechoslovakia 1967-1984-1991. Prague : Institute of Sociology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Québec. Ministère du Travail. Centre de Recherche et de Statistiques sur le Marche du Travail. Changements Technologiques : Recueil de Clauses-Types : Centre de Recherche et de Statistiques sur le Marche du Travail. S.l : s.n, 1985.

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Allen, Grant. The type-writer girl. Peterborough, Ont : Broadview Press, 2004.

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Adobe. Garamond premier pro : A contemporary adaptation modeled on the roman types of Claude Garamond and the italic types of Robert Granjon : a new Adobe Originals typeface family in OpenType format. San Jose, CA : Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2005.

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Sālāhauddina, Khāledā. Women in urban informal sector : Employment pattern activity types and problems. Dhaka : Women for Women, 1992.

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Travail, Québec Ministère du Travail Centre de Recherche et de Statistiques sur le Marche du. Travail à temps partiel, le partage du travail comme mesure de sécurité d'emploi et la sous-traitance : Recueil de clauses-types. S.l : s.n, 1985.

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Jacques, Ghestin, et Université de Paris I : Panthéon-Sorbonne. Centre de droit des obligations., dir. Les Clauses abusives dans les contrats types en France et en Europe : Actes de la table ronde du 12 décembre 1990. [Paris] : L.G.D.J., 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Blake, N. F. « Clause Types ». Dans Traditional English Grammar and Beyond, 127–42. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19006-5_9.

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Berry, Roger. « Clause Types ». Dans English Grammar, 119–26. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] | Series : : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351164962-21.

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Blake, N. F. « Clause Elements and Sentence Types ». Dans Traditional English Grammar and Beyond, 114–26. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19006-5_8.

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Ramchand, Gillian Catriona. « Two Types of Negation in Bengali ». Dans Clause Structure in South Asian Languages, 39–66. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2719-2_2.

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Hanus, Michael. « Horn clause programs with polymorphic types : Semantics and resolution ». Dans TAPSOFT '89, 225–40. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-50940-2_38.

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te Velde, John R. « Arguments for two verb-second clause types in Germanic ». Dans Germanic Linguistics, 35. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.137.04vel.

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Martin, James R. « Types of Structure : Deconstructing Notions of Constituency in Clause and Text ». Dans Computational and Conversational Discourse, 39–66. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03293-0_2.

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Shamakhi, Ali, Hossein Hojjat et Philipp Rümmer. « Towards String Support in JayHorn (Competition Contribution) ». Dans Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 443–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72013-1_29.

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Abstractis a Horn clause-based model checker for Java programs that has been competing at SV-COMP since 2019. An ongoing research and implementation effort is to add support for data-type to . Since current Horn solvers do not support strings natively, we consider a representation of (unbounded) strings using algebraic data-types, more precisely as lists. This paper discusses Horn clause encodings of different string operations, and presents preliminary results.

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Ihalainen, Hannes, Jeremias Berg et Matti Järvisalo. « Clause Redundancy and Preprocessing in Maximum Satisfiability ». Dans Automated Reasoning, 75–94. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10769-6_6.

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AbstractThe study of clause redundancy in Boolean satisfiability (SAT) has proven significant in various terms, from fundamental insights into preprocessing and inprocessing to the development of practical proof checkers and new types of strong proof systems. We study liftings of the recently-proposed notion of propagation redundancy—based on a semantic implication relationship between formulas—in the context of maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT), where of interest are reasoning techniques that preserve optimal cost (in contrast to preserving satisfiability in the realm of SAT). We establish that the strongest MaxSAT-lifting of propagation redundancy allows for changing in a controlled way the set of minimal correction sets in MaxSAT. This ability is key in succinctly expressing MaxSAT reasoning techniques and allows for obtaining correctness proofs in a uniform way for MaxSAT reasoning techniques very generally. Bridging theory to practice, we also provide a new MaxSAT preprocessor incorporating such extended techniques, and show through experiments its wide applicability in improving the performance of modern MaxSAT solvers.

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Ford, Cecilia E. « Variation in the intonation and punctuation of different adverbial clause types in spoken and written English ». Dans Typological Studies in Language, 3. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.21.04for.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Becker, Maria, Alexis Palmer et Anette Frank. « Argumentative texts and clause types ». Dans Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2803.

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Swanson, Reid, Elahe Rahimtoroghi, Thomas Corcoran et Marilyn Walker. « Identifying Narrative Clause Types in Personal Stories ». Dans Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-4323.

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Friedrich, Annemarie, Alexis Palmer et Manfred Pinkal. « Situation entity types : automatic classification of clause-level aspect ». Dans Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1 : Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1166.

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Watanabe, Michiko, Yasuharu Den, Keikichi Hirose et Nobuaki Minematsu. « Clause types and filed pauses in Japanese spontaneous monologues ». Dans Interspeech 2004. ISCA : ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-748.

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Kiesl, Benjamin, Martina Seidl, Hans Tompits et Armin Biere. « Blockedness in Propositional Logic : Are You Satisfied With Your Neighborhood ? » Dans Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/687.

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Clause-elimination techniques that simplify formulas by removing redundant clauses play an important role in modern SAT solving. Among the types of redundant clauses, blocked clauses are particularly popular. For checking whether a clause C is blocked in a formula F, one only needs to consider the so-called resolution neighborhood of C, i.e., the set of clauses that can be resolved with C. Because of this, blocked clauses are referred to as being locally redundant. In this paper, we discuss powerful generalizations of blocked clauses that are still locally redundant, viz. set-blocked clauses and super-blocked clauses. We furthermore present complexity results for deciding whether a clause is set-blocked or super-blocked.

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Becker, Maria, Michael Staniek, Vivi Nastase, Alexis Palmer et Anette Frank. « Classifying Semantic Clause Types : Modeling Context and Genre Characteristics with Recurrent Neural Networks and Attention ». Dans Proceedings of the 6th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2017). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/s17-1027.

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Saldias, Belen, et Deb Roy. « Exploring aspects of similarity between spoken personal narratives by disentangling them into narrative clause types ». Dans Proceedings of the First Joint Workshop on Narrative Understanding, Storylines, and Events. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.nuse-1.10.

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Besse, Jean-Guillaume. « Derivation to Calculate Pipe Collapse Performance using a Combined Loading Equivalent Grade Accounting for Axial Stress, Internal Pressure, Bending and Torsion ». Dans SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204126-ms.

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Abstract This paper proposes a new analytical derivation to incorporate bending and torsion into collapse calculation, further pushing the already existing approach of combined loading equivalent grade proposed in API TR 5C3 (2019) Clause 8.4.6 Eq. (42) for axial stress and internal pressure (identical to ISO TR 10400 Clause 8.4.7) used to calculate a differential collapse pressure. This new derivation is also based on Hencky-von Mises maximum distortion criterion. The interest of developing such combined loading equivalent grade is to enable the use of the four collapse types described in Clause 8 i.e., Yield Strength, Plastic, Transition and Elastic. The formulae are adapted to a closed-form equation similar to current Eq. (42), enabling pipe collapse performance calculation. Newly derived formulae are checked against a size governed by yield strength collapse to verify consistency. The restrictions regarding collapse performance under compression are discussed.

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Rajna, Franciska. « A kommunikációs gráfok és a fekete-fehér SAT probléma közti összefüggések vizsgálata ». Dans Agria Média 2020 : „Az oktatás digitális átállása korunk pedagógiai forradalma”. Eszterházy Károly Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2020.321.

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Ebben a cikkben a kommunikációs gráfok és a fekete-fehér SAT probléma közötti összefüggéseket vizsgálom. A kommunikációs gráfok olyan speciális hurokélmentes irányított gráfok, amelyeknek csúcsai logikai változók, az élei pedig a kommunikációt reprezentálják. Ilyen típusú gráfokkal lehet többek között vezeték nélküli szenzorhálózatokat is modellezni. A cikkben bemutatom a fekete-fehér SAT problémát. A fekete-fehér SAT problémák olyan logikai formulák, amelyek majdnem kielégíthetetlenek, csak két megoldásuk van, az úgynevezett fehér hozzárendelés, ahol minden változó igaz, és a fekete hozzárendelés, amelyben minden változó hamis. A fekete-fehér SAT problémák ekvivalensek az olyan konjunktív normálformában lévő logikai formulákkal, amelyekben minden klózban pozitív és negatív literálok vegyesen szerepelnek (például ilyen 3SAT klózok a -++, --+), de sem a fehér klóz, amelyben minden literál pozitív, sem a fekete klóz, amelyben minden literál negatív, nem vezethető le. Továbbá ismertetem, és hatékonyság szempontjából elemzem a kommunikációs gráfok különböző logikai modelljeit (Erős modell, Balatonboglár modell, Egyszerűsített BB modell, Gyenge modell). ----- Investigation of the relationship between communication graphs and the black and white sat ----- In this article, I examine the relationships between communication graphs and the black-andwhite SAT problem. Communication graphs are special loop-free directed graphs whose vertices are logical variables and whose edges represent communication. These types of graphs can be used to model wireless sensor networks (WSNs), among other things. I present the black-and-white SAT problem. Black-and-white SAT problems are logical formulas that are almost unsatisfiable, they have only two solutions, the so-called white assignment, where all variables are true, and the black assignment, in which all variables are false. Black-and-white SAT problems are equivalent to logical formulas in a conjunctive normal form in which positive and negative literals are mixed in each clause (e.g., such 3-SAT clauses are - ++, - +), but not the white clause in which all literals are positive, nor the black clause in which all literals are negative cannot be deduced. I also describe and analyze the different logical models of communication graphs (Strong model, Balatonboglár model, Simplified BB model, Weak model) in terms of efficiency.

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Jelinić, Srećko. « Uslužno pravo – potvrda stvaranja i vrijednosti daljnjeg oblikovanja i razvoja ». Dans XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.039j.

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The author starts from the thesis about the service contract as a special type of contract, which, in his opinion, points to the inevitable application of general contract law and to these contracts, too. Knowledge of this type of contract law and of general contract law are of extremely important today. The author refers in his work to two types of contracts of services. One is a credit agreement with the use of a currency clause and the conversion of one currency to another, with a tendency to maintain a contract in force as a whole. The another example is an agreement on the use of electronic communications services in case of unilateral change of charge for the use of the service (to higher amount, by the operator). Legislative activity, as it seems, does not always follow the expectations of service users, and so it has been with credit users on a particular issue, but also with users of electronic communications services. The importance and control of general business conditions in the field of service provision are emphasized.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Types of clause"

Lhotka, L., et P. Špaček. YANG Types for DNS Classes and Resource Record Types. RFC Editor, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9108.

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Nystrom, M., et B. Kaliski. PKCS #9 : Selected Object Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0. RFC Editor, novembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2985.

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League, Christopher, Zhong Shao et Valery Trifonov. Representing Java Classes in a Typed Intermediate Language. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436495.

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Morris, John Garrett. Type Classes and Instance Chains : A Relational Approach. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1010.

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Malabarba, Scott, Raju Pandey, Jeff Gragg, Earl Barr et J. F. Barnes. Runtime Support for Type-Safe Dynamic Java Classes. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474895.

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Page-Dumroese, D. S., A. M. Abbott, M. P. Curran et M. F. Jurgensen. Validating visual disturbance types and classes used for forest soil monitoring protocols. Ft. Collins, CO : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-267.

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O'Toole, James W., et David K. Gifford. Type Reconstruction with First-Class Polymorphic Values. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210833.

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Hattori, M., Y. Esaki et Y. Sakaki. Development of 5kW class MOLB type SOFC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460287.

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O'Neill, Francis, Kristofer Lasko et Elena Sava. Snow-covered region improvements to a support vector machine-based semi-automated land cover mapping decision support tool. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45842.

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This work builds on the original semi-automated land cover mapping algorithm and quantifies improvements to class accuracy, analyzes the results, and conducts a more in-depth accuracy assessment in conjunction with test sites and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). This algorithm uses support vector machines trained on data collected across the continental United States to generate a pre-trained model for inclusion into a decision support tool within ArcGIS Pro. Version 2 includes an additional snow cover class and accounts for snow cover effects within the other land cover classes. Overall accuracy across the continental United States for Version 2 is 75% on snow-covered pixels and 69% on snow-free pixels, versus 16% and 66% for Version 1. However, combining the “crop” and “low vegetation” classes improves these values to 86% for snow and 83% for snow-free, compared to 19% and 83% for Version 1. This merging is justified by their spectral similarity, the difference between crop and low vegetation falling closer to land use than land cover. The Version 2 tool is built into a Python-based ArcGIS toolbox, allowing users to leverage the pre-trained model—along with image splitting and parallel processing techniques—for their land cover type map generation needs.

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Asati, R., I. Minei et B. Thomas. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) 'Typed Wildcard' Forward Equivalence Class (FEC). RFC Editor, août 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5918.

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