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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Virus-induced enzymes »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 31 janvier 2023

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1

Knobil, Katharine, Augustine M. K. Choi, Gordon W. Weigand, and David B. Jacoby. "Role of oxidants in influenza virus-induced gene expression." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 274, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): L134—L142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.274.1.l134.

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Influenza virus-induced epithelial damage may be mediated, in part, by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). In this study, we investigated the role of ROIs in the influenza virus-induced gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and in the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), an oxidant-sensitive transcriptional factor. Influenza virus infection increased production of intracellular ROIs in A549 pulmonary epithelial cells. Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA correlated with increased MnSOD protein and enzyme activity. Influenza virus infection also activated NF-κB bindin
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Seo, Young-Jin, Celeste Blake, Stephen Alexander, and Bumsuk Hahm. "Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-Metabolizing Enzymes Control Influenza Virus Propagation and Viral Cytopathogenicity." Journal of Virology 84, no. 16 (June 2, 2010): 8124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00510-10.

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ABSTRACT Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes regulate the level of sphingolipids and have important biological functions. However, the effects of S1P-metabolizing enzymes on host defense against invading viruses remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of S1P-metabolizing enzymes in modulating cellular responses to influenza virus infection. Overexpression of S1P lyase (SPL), which induces the degradation of S1P, interfered with the amplification of infectious influenza virus. Accordingly, SPL-overexpressing cells were much more resistant than control cells to the
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Bornemann, Claus, and Hartmut Follmann. "Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis in Phycovirus-Infected Green Algae. A New Virus-Induced Ribonucleotide Reductase." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1993): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-1-222.

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Infection of Chlorella-like green algae with freshwater phycoviruses is associated with a large and rapid demand for DNA precursors which cannot be met by the algal deoxyribonucleotide-synthesizing enzymes. We have demonstrated in these cells an up to ten-fold increase of the key enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase, 1-2 h post infection. The enzyme activity has been partially enriched from cell extracts. In vitro, it differs from that of uninfected algae in three characteristic parameters, viz. eight-fold higher resistance to millimolar hydroxyurea concentrations, much higher optimum concentratio
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Martínez-Costas, José, Claudia González-López, Vikram N. Vakharia та Javier Benavente. "Possible Involvement of the Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Core Protein ςA in the Resistance of Avian Reovirus to Interferon". Journal of Virology 74, № 3 (1 лютого 2000): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.3.1124-1131.2000.

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ABSTRACT Treatment of primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts with a recombinant chicken alpha/beta interferon (rcIFN) induces an antiviral state that causes a strong inhibition of vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication but has no effect on avian reovirus S1133 replication. The fact that avian reovirus polypeptides are synthesized normally in rcIFN-treated cells prompted us to investigate whether this virus expresses factors that interfere with the activation and/or the activity of the IFN-induced, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent enzymes. Our results demonstrate
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Hsiang, Tien-Ying, Chen Zhao, and Robert M. Krug. "Interferon-Induced ISG15 Conjugation Inhibits Influenza A Virus Gene Expression and Replication in Human Cells." Journal of Virology 83, no. 12 (April 8, 2009): 5971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01667-08.

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ABSTRACT The ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein, as well as its conjugating enzymes, is induced by type I interferons (IFNs). Experiments using ISG15 knockout (ISG15−/−) mice established that ISG15 and/or its conjugation inhibits the replication of influenza A virus. However, in contrast to the virus inhibition results for mice, the rates of virus replication in ISG15+/+ and ISG15−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts in tissue culture were similar. Here we focus on human tissue culture cells and on the effect of ISG15 and/or its conjugation on influenza A virus gene expression and replication in such cells.
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Choi, A. M., K. Knobil, S. L. Otterbein, D. A. Eastman, and D. B. Jacoby. "Oxidant stress responses in influenza virus pneumonia: gene expression and transcription factor activation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 271, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): L383—L391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.3.l383.

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The pathogenesis of influenza virus infections of the lungs is in part mediated by oxidative stress. Such infections might therefore be expected to induce expression of stress-response genes and genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and to activate transcriptional regulatory proteins. Mice (C57B1/6 and C3H/HeJ) were infected intranasally with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Expression of the genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn- SOD), indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), heme oxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidase were increased in the lungs of virus-infecte
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Knoester, Marga. "Virus-Induced Gene Expression for Enzymes of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Hypersensitively Reacting Tobacco." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 8, no. 1 (1995): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-8-0177.

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Staley, S., Marcela Smid, Sarah Dotters-Katz, and Elizabeth Stringer. "Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced Mononucleosis as an Imitator of Severe Preeclampsia." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 07, no. 01 (January 2017): e5-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597265.

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Background In pregnancy, conditions presenting with hematologic abnormalities, transaminitis, and proteinuria pose diagnostic challenges in pregnancy. Case We present the case of an 18-year-old woman, G1P0, at 33 weeks' gestation with fever of unknown cause, who developed progressively elevated liver enzymes, proteinuria, and thrombocytopenia, due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Conclusion Acute infection with EBV should be included in the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features, particularly in the setting of fever. Supportive treatment and observation may prevent i
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Drecktrah, Daniel, and William J. Brown. "Phospholipase A2Antagonists Inhibit Nocodazole-induced Golgi Ministack Formation: Evidence of an ER Intermediate and Constitutive Cycling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 12 (December 1999): 4021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.12.4021.

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Evidence has been presented both for and against obligate retrograde movement of resident Golgi proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during nocodazole-induced Golgi ministack formation. Here, we studied the nocodazole-induced formation of ministacks using phospholipase A2(PLA2) antagonists, which have been shown previously to inhibit brefeldin A–stimulated Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport. Examination of clone 9 rat hepatocytes by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that a subset of PLA2antagonists prevented nocodazole-induced ministack formation by inhibiting
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Wijekoon, Champa P., and Peter J. Facchini. "Systematic knockdown of morphine pathway enzymes in opium poppy using virus-induced gene silencing." Plant Journal 69, no. 6 (December 28, 2011): 1052–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04855.x.

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Siregar, Gontar Alamsyah, Ginanda Putra Siregar, Darmadi Darmadi, and Riska Habriel Ruslie. "Coronavirus Disease-19 and Liver Injury." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T1 (September 30, 2020): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5028.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 is a pandemic since March 11, 2020. The total case is more than a half million worldwide. Liver injury is quite common in COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection is possible due to the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Other proposed mechanisms are virus-induced cytopathic effects, inflammation process, hypoxia and shock, increased apoptotic activity, increased positive end expiratory effect, and drug-induced. The manifestation of liver injury is mild and transient with elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and gamma-gl
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Jiang, Dong, Jessica M. Weidner, Min Qing, Xiao-Ben Pan, Haitao Guo, Chunxiao Xu, Xianchao Zhang, et al. "Identification of Five Interferon-Induced Cellular Proteins That Inhibit West Nile Virus and Dengue Virus Infections." Journal of Virology 84, no. 16 (June 9, 2010): 8332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02199-09.

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ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the host innate antiviral immune response. To identify IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that instigate an antiviral state against two medically important flaviviruses, West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV), we tested 36 ISGs that are commonly induced by IFN-α for antiviral activity against the two viruses. We discovered that five ISGs efficiently suppressed WNV and/or DENV infection when they were individually expressed in HEK293 cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that two structurally related cell plasma membrane proteins, IFITM2 and IFITM
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Tian, Xiu, Ju-Xin Ruan, Jin-Quan Huang, Chang-Qing Yang, Xin Fang, Zhi-Wen Chen, Hui Hong, et al. "Characterization of gossypol biosynthetic pathway." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 23 (May 21, 2018): E5410—E5418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805085115.

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Gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes in cotton function as defense compounds but are antinutritional in cottonseed products. By transcriptome comparison and coexpression analyses, we identified 146 candidates linked to gossypol biosynthesis. Analysis of metabolites accumulated in plants subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) led to the identification of four enzymes and their supposed substrates. In vitro enzymatic assay and reconstitution in tobacco leaves elucidated a series of oxidative reactions of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway. The four functionally characterized enz
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Patel, Jenish R., Bradley T. Christoph, Sakina F. Hussain, Keyur P. Vora, Priya Ranjan, Suryaprakash Sambhara, and Shivaprakash Gangappa. "Impact of NADPH Oxidase Inhibition on Influenza A Virus-induced Inflammation (134.80)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 134.80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.134.80.

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Abstract Activation of innate immunity pathways in susceptible cell types is critical for host defense against influenza-A viruses (IAV). Based on studies signifying a role for NOX1 in inflammation, we hypothesized that IAV of seasonal and pandemic potential may induce different isoforms of NOX enzymes in the respiratory tract, and that attenuation of virus strain-specific NOX enzymes can be exploited to prevent and/or treat severity of disease. Using three respiratory tract-relevant cell lines (epithelial/A549, endothelial/HULEC, and monoctytic/THP1) and three strains of IAV (H1N1/PR8, H3N2/X
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Karpenko, Inna L., Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston, Olga N. Ivanova, Olga A. Smirnova, and Alexander V. Ivanov. "Peroxiredoxins—The Underrated Actors during Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060977.

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Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections, has attributed much attention in the past years. It has been shown that different viruses that cause acute or chronic diseases induce oxidative stress in infected cells and dysregulate antioxidant its antioxidant capacity. However, most studies focused on catalase and superoxide dismutases, whereas a family of peroxiredoxins (Prdx), the most effective peroxide scavengers, were given little or no attention. In the current review, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydrogen and
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Li, Jinlin, Noemi Nagy, Jiangnan Liu, Soham Gupta, Teresa Frisan, Thomas Hennig, Donald P. Cameron, Laura Baranello, and Maria G. Masucci. "The Epstein-Barr virus deubiquitinating enzyme BPLF1 regulates the activity of topoisomerase II during productive infection." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e1009954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009954.

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Topoisomerases are essential for the replication of herpesviruses but the mechanisms by which the viruses hijack the cellular enzymes are largely unknown. We found that topoisomerase-II (TOP2) is a substrate of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ubiquitin deconjugase BPLF1. BPLF1 co-immunoprecipitated and deubiquitinated TOP2, and stabilized SUMOylated TOP2 trapped in cleavage complexes (TOP2cc), which halted the DNA damage response to TOP2-induced double strand DNA breaks and promoted cell survival. Induction of the productive virus cycle in epithelial and lymphoid cell line carrying recombinant EB
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HULTBERG, BJÖRN, та FELIX MITELMAN. "Lysosomal enzymes in rat sarcomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and Rous sarcoma virus". Hereditas 86, № 1 (12 лютого 2009): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1977.tb01216.x.

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Rayavara, Kempaiah, Alexander Kurosky, and Yashoda M. Hosakote. "Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces the release of transglutaminase 2 from human airway epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 322, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): L1—L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00013.2021.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, yet no effective treatments or vaccines are available. The precise mechanism underlying RSV-induced acute airway disease and associated sequelae are not fully understood; however, early lung inflammatory and immune events are thought to play a major role in the outcome of the disease. Moreover, oxidative stress responses in the airways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RSV. Oxidative stress has been shown to eleva
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Bougie, Isabelle, and Martin Bisaillon. "Inhibition of a metal-dependent viral RNA triphosphatase by decavanadate." Biochemical Journal 398, no. 3 (August 29, 2006): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060198.

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Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus, a large DNA virus that replicates in unicellular Chlorella-like algae, encodes an RNA triphosphatase which is involved in the synthesis of the RNA cap structure found at the 5′ end of the viral mRNAs. The Chlorella virus RNA triphosphatase is the smallest member of the metal-dependent RNA triphosphatases that include enzymes from fungi, DNA viruses, protozoans and microsporidian parasites. In the present study, we investigated the ability of various vanadate oxoanions to inhibit the phosphohydrolase activity of the enzyme. Fluorescence spectroscopy and CD s
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Turelli, Priscilla, Alexandra Liagre-Quazzola, Bastien Mangeat, Sonia Verp, Stephanie Jost, and Didier Trono. "APOBEC3-Independent Interferon-Induced Viral Clearance in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice." Journal of Virology 82, no. 13 (April 23, 2008): 6585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00216-08.

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ABSTRACT Interferon (IFN) has been part of the standard treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection for more than 2 decades, yet the mechanism of action of this antiviral remains poorly understood. It was recently observed that members of the human APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases endowed with anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity are upregulated by type I and II IFNs. However, we demonstrated that, in tissue culture, these cellular enzymes are not essential effectors of the anti-HBV action of these cytokines. Here, we show that murine APOBEC3 (muA3) can also block HBV replication. While ex
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Louboutin, J. P., L. Agrawal, B. A. S. Reyes, E. J. van Bockstaele, and D. S. Strayer. "Gene delivery of antioxidant enzymes inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120-induced expression of caspases." Neuroscience 214 (July 2012): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.061.

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Cui, Zhen-Hua, Wen-Lu Bi, Xin-Yi Hao, Peng-Min Li, Ying Duan, M. Andrew Walker, Yan Xu, and Qiao-Chun Wang. "Drought Stress Enhances Up-Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3-Infected in vitro Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Leaves." Plant Disease 101, no. 9 (September 2017): 1606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-17-0104-re.

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Reddish-purple coloration on the leaf blades and downward rolling of leaf margins are typical symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) in red-fruited grapevine cultivars. These typical symptoms are attributed to the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanins synthesis, and the accumulation of flavonoids in diseased leaves. Drought has been proven to accelerate development of GLD symptoms in virus-infected leaves of grapevine. However, it is not known how drought affects GLD expression nor how anthocyanin biosynthesis in virus-infected leaves is altered. The present study used HP
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Zhou, Guoying, and Bernard Roizman. "Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Blocks Apoptosis Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Mutants Lacking Glycoprotein D and Is Likely the Target of Antiapoptotic Activity of the Glycoprotein." Journal of Virology 76, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 6197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.12.6197-6204.2002.

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ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 1 mutants lacking the gene encoding glycoprotein D (gD) and the gD normally present in the envelope of the virus (gD−/− stocks) or mutants lacking the gD gene but containing trans-induced gD in their envelopes (gD−/+) cause apoptosis in human SK-N-SH cells. The gD−/− virions are taken up by endocytosis and are degraded, whereas gD−/+ viruses replicate but produce gD−/− virus. Apoptosis is blocked by delivery of the gD gene in trans. Studies designed to test several hypotheses concerning the role of gD in apoptosis revealed the following. (i) gD−/− and gD−/+ stocks
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Karam Anandan, Suresh, Lavanya Rayapu, Subramanyam Darasi, Rani Prameela Devalam, Naga Raju Chamarti, Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy, and Lokanatha Valluru. "The investigation of the efficacy of the prodrug DDI-10 against Newcastle disease virus infection in young chicken." Microbes, Infection and Chemotherapy 2 (April 4, 2022): e1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.54034/mic.e1333.

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Introduction. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the deadliest virus in the poultry industry. Many RNA viruses induce oxidative stress on the host during its pathogenesis, NDV being one among them. The present study aims to evaluate the protective property of novel phosphorylated DDI-10 in vivo in experimentally infected chicken. Material and methods. NDV induced oxidative damage in the liver and lung were measured by determining antioxidant enzyme levels, protein oxidation and nitration using ELISA, Western blot and immuno co-localization assay. Results. Glutathione dependent enzymes GPx, GST,
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Gui, Yue-Jing, Wen-Qi Zhang, Dan-Dan Zhang, Lei Zhou, Dylan P. G. Short, Jie Wang, Xue-Feng Ma, et al. "A Verticillium dahliae Extracellular Cutinase Modulates Plant Immune Responses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 2 (February 2018): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0136-r.

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Cutinases have been implicated as important enzymes during the process of fungal infection of aerial plant organs. The function of cutinases in the disease cycle of fungal pathogens that invade plants through the roots has been less studied. Here, functional analysis of 13 cutinase (carbohydrate esterase family 5 domain–containing) genes (VdCUTs) in the highly virulent vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae Vd991 was performed. Significant sequence divergence in cutinase family members was observed in the genome of V. dahliae Vd991. Functional analyses demonstrated that only VdCUT11, as p
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Li, Zhe-Xin, Min Chen, Yu-Xiang Miao, Qiang Li, Yun Ren, Wen-Lin Zhang, Jian-Bin Lan, and Yi-Qing Liu. "The role of AcPGIP in the kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) response to Botrytis cinerea." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 12 (2021): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21054.

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Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is rich in nutritional and medicinal value. However, the organism responsible for grey mould, Botrytis cinerea, causes great economic losses and food safety problems to the kiwifruit industry. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying postharvest kiwifruit responses to B. cinerea is important for preventing grey mould decay and enhancing resistance breeding. Kiwifruit cv. ‘Hongyang’ was used as experimental material. The AcPGIP gene was cloned and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to explore the function of the polygalacturonase inhibiting prot
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Golem, Sheetal, and James N. Culver. "Tobacco mosaic virus Induced Alterations in the Gene Expression Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 8 (August 2003): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.8.681.

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In this study, mRNA profiles generated from cDNA microarrays were used to identify gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Shahdara infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Shahdara is a susceptible TMV host, permitting rapid accumulations of virus in both inoculated and systemic tissues, accompanied by defined disease symptoms that include stunting, necrosis, and leaf curling. Gene expression profiles were monitored in whole tissues of inoculated leaves at four days postinoculation (dpi) and in systemically infected leaves at 14 dpi. Microarrays contained cDNAs representing b
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Mishra, Suresh, Geetika Bassi, and BL Grégoire Nyomba. "Inter-proteomic posttranslational modifications of the SARS-CoV-2 and the host proteins ‒ A new frontier." Experimental Biology and Medicine 246, no. 7 (January 19, 2021): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220986785.

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Posttranslational modification of proteins, which include both the enzymatic alterations of protein side chains and main-chain peptide bond connectivity, is a fundamental regulatory process that is crucial for almost every aspects of cell biology, including the virus-host cell interaction and the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The posttranslational modification of proteins has primarily been studied in cells and tissues in an intra-proteomic context (where both substrates and enzymes are part of the same species). However, the inter-proteomic posttranslational modifications of most of the SARS-CoV-2 pr
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Pappi, Polyxeni, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis, Dimitrios Fanourakis, Antonios Zambounis, Costas Delis, and Georgios Tsaniklidis. "Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves." Horticulturae 7, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110448.

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Plants develop a plethora of defense strategies during their acclimation and interactions with various environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in the processes during stress acclimation, therefore deciphering their relevant responses exchange the interpretation of the underlying molecular mechanisms that may contribute to improved adaptability and efficacy. In the current study, tomato plants were exposed to short-term cold stress (5 °C for 16 h) or inoculated (20 d) with either Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) or Potato Virus Y (PVY). Responses were recorded via the asses
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Alvarado-Facundo, Esmeralda, Yamei Gao, Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio, Alicia Jiménez-Alberto, Carol D. Weiss, and Wei Wang. "Influenza Virus M2 Protein Ion Channel Activity Helps To Maintain Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Virus Hemagglutinin Fusion Competence during Transport to the Cell Surface." Journal of Virology 89, no. 4 (December 3, 2014): 1975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03253-14.

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ABSTRACTThe influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) envelope protein mediates virus entry by first binding to cell surface receptors and then fusing viral and endosomal membranes during endocytosis. Cleavage of the HA precursor (HA0) into a surface receptor-binding subunit (HA1) and a fusion-inducing transmembrane subunit (HA2) by host cell enzymes primes HA for fusion competence by repositioning the fusion peptide to the newly created N terminus of HA2. We previously reported that the influenza virus M2 protein enhances pandemic 2009 influenza A virus [(H1N1)pdm09] HA-pseudovirus infectivity, but
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Yin, Limin, Xiuhai Gan, Jing Shi, Ningning Zan, Awei Zhang, Xiaoli Ren, Miao Li, Dandan Xie, Deyu Hu, and Baoan Song. "Induced Resistance Mechanism of Novel Curcumin Analogs Bearing a Quinazoline Moiety to Plant Virus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124065.

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Plant immune activators can protect crops from plant virus pathogens by activating intrinsic immune mechanisms in plants and are widely used in agricultural production. In our previous work, we found that curcumin analogs exhibit excellent biological activity against plant viruses, especially protective activity. Inspired by these results, the active substructure of pentadienone and quinazoline were spliced to obtain curcumin analogs as potential exogenously induced resistant molecule. Bioassay results showed that compound A13 exhibited excellent protective activity for tobacco to against Toba
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Fu, Xiaotian, Xinyi Jiang, Xinye Chen, Liqian Zhu, and Gaiping Zhang. "The Differential Expression of Mitochondrial Function-Associated Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes during Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Infection: A Potential Mechanism for Virus Infection-Induced Oxidative Mitochondrial Dysfunction." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (March 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7072917.

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Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are important inflammatory mediators. Electrons escaping from the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) complexes contribute to ROS production. The cellular antioxidant enzymes are important for maintaining ROS release at the physiological levels. It has been reported that BoHV-1 infection induces overproduction of ROS and oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction in cell cultures. In this study, we found that chemical interruption of RC complexes by TTFA (an inhibitor of RC
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Bajrovic, Irnela, Stephen C. Schafer, Dwight K. Romanovicz, and Maria A. Croyle. "Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature." Science Advances 6, no. 10 (March 2020): eaau4819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4819.

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A novel, thin-film platform that preserves live viruses, bacteria, antibodies, and enzymes without refrigeration for extended periods of time is described. Studies with recombinant adenovirus in an optimized formulation that supports recovery of live virus through 16 freeze-thaw cycles revealed that production of an amorphous solid with a glass transition above room temperature and nitrogen-hydrogen bonding between virus and film components are critical determinants of stability. Administration of live influenza virus in the optimized film by the sublingual and buccal routes induced antibody-m
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García-Marcos, Alberto, Remedios Pacheco, Justo Martiáñez, Pablo González-Jara, José Ramón Díaz-Ruíz, and Francisco Tenllado. "Transcriptional Changes and Oxidative Stress Associated with the Synergistic Interaction Between Potato virus X and Potato virus Y and Their Relationship with Symptom Expression." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 11 (November 2009): 1431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1431.

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Many virus diseases of economic importance to agriculture result from mixtures of different pathogens invading the host at a given time. This contrasts with the relatively scarce studies available on the molecular events associated with virus–host interactions in mixed infections. Compared with single infections, co-infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY) resulted in increased systemic symptoms (synergism) that led to necrosis of the newly emerging leaves and death of the plant. A comparative transcriptional analysis was undertaken to identify quan
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Ansar, Maria, Yue Qu, Teodora Ivanciuc, Roberto P. Garofalo, and Antonella Casola. "Lack of Type I Interferon Signaling Ameliorates Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Lung Inflammation and Restores Antioxidant Defenses." Antioxidants 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010067.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mouse and human lung is associated with pathogenic inflammation and oxidative injury. RSV impairs antioxidant responses by increasing the degradation of transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which controls the expression of several antioxidant enzymes (AOEs). In addition to its protective effects, type I IFNs have been increasingly recognized as important mediators of host pathogenic responses during acute respiratory viral infections. We used a mouse model of RSV infection to investigate the effect of lack of type I interferon (IFN)
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Cai, Ying, Yi-Fang Li, Lu-Ping Tang, Bun Tsoi, Min Chen, Huan Chen, Xiao-Mei Chen, Rui-Rong Tan, Hiroshi Kurihara, and Rong-Rong He. "A New Mechanism of Vitamin C Effects on A/FM/1/47(H1N1) Virus-Induced Pneumonia in Restraint-Stressed Mice." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/675149.

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It is well known that vitamin C could protect against influenza infection, but little is known about the mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the influence and possible mechanisms of vitamin C on pneumonia induced by influenza virus in stressed mice. Results showed that restraint stress significantly increased the mortality and the severity of pneumonia in mice caused by A/FM/1/47(H1N1) virus infection, which was attenuated by oral administration of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg). Moreover, vitamin C administration significantly decreased expression of susceptibility genes, including mit
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Nicolas, Armel, Nathalie Alazard-Dany, Coline Biollay, Loredana Arata, Nelly Jolinon, Lauriane Kuhn, Myriam Ferro, et al. "Identification of Rep-Associated Factors in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Induced Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Replication Compartments." Journal of Virology 84, no. 17 (June 23, 2010): 8871–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00725-10.

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ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a human parvovirus that replicates only in cells coinfected with a helper virus, such as adenovirus or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We previously showed that nine HSV-1 factors are able to support AAV rep gene expression and genome replication. To elucidate the strategy of AAV replication in the presence of HSV-1, we undertook a proteomic analysis of cellular and HSV-1 factors associated with Rep proteins and thus potentially recruited within AAV replication compartments (AAV RCs). This study resulted in the identification of approximately 60 ce
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Sánchez, Glòria, Lluís Aragonès, M. Isabel Costafreda, Enric Ribes, Albert Bosch, and Rosa M. Pintó. "Capsid Region Involved in Hepatitis A Virus Binding to Glycophorin A of the Erythrocyte Membrane." Journal of Virology 78, no. 18 (September 15, 2004): 9807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.18.9807-9813.2004.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has previously been reported to agglutinate human red blood cells at acidic pHs. Treatment of erythrocytes with different enzymes and chemical reagents indicated that HAV attachment is mediated through an interaction with sialylglycoproteins. HAV hemagglutination could be blocked by incubating the virus with glycophorin A, indicating that this sialylglycoprotein is the erythrocyte receptor. The number of receptors used was estimated to be around 500 per cell. At the same time, HAV-induced hemagglutination could also be blocked by either monoclonal antibody H7C2
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Komissarov, Alexey A., Maria A. Karaseva, Marina P. Roschina, Andrey V. Shubin, Nataliya A. Lunina, Sergey V. Kostrov, and Ilya V. Demidyuk. "Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 7906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157906.

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Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here
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Shpagina, L. A., O. S. Kotova, I. S. Shpagin, D. A. Gerasimenko, G. V. Kuznetsova, S. A. Karmanovskaya, E. M. Loktin, et al. "Clinical and molecular features of virus-induced acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council 16, no. 18 (October 14, 2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-18-30-39.

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Introduction. Inflammation in viral-induced acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not studied enough.The aim was to establish molecular pattern of inflammation in viral-induced acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in comparison with bacterial AECOPD and to reveal associations with AECOPD phenotype and subsequent COPD progression.Materials and methods. Subjects hospitalized with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) of which 60 were viral, 60 were bacterial and 60 were viral-bacterial were recruited to single center prospective (5
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Gammon, Don B., and David H. Evans. "The 3′-to-5′ Exonuclease Activity of Vaccinia Virus DNA Polymerase Is Essential and Plays a Role in Promoting Virus Genetic Recombination." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (February 18, 2009): 4236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02255-08.

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ABSTRACT Poxviruses are subjected to extraordinarily high levels of genetic recombination during infection, although the enzymes catalyzing these reactions have never been identified. However, it is clear that virus-encoded DNA polymerases play some unknown yet critical role in virus recombination. Using a novel, antiviral-drug-based strategy to dissect recombination and replication reactions, we now show that the 3′-to-5′ proofreading exonuclease activity of the viral DNA polymerase plays a key role in promoting recombination reactions. Linear DNA substrates were prepared containing the dCMP
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Glanz, Anna, Sukanya Chakravarty, Merina Varghese, Anita Kottapalli, Shumin Fan, Ritu Chakravarti, and Saurabh Chattopadhyay. "Transcriptional and Non-Transcriptional Activation, Posttranslational Modifications, and Antiviral Functions of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and Viral Antagonism by the SARS-Coronavirus." Viruses 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040575.

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The immune system defends against invading pathogens through the rapid activation of innate immune signaling pathways. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcription factor activated in response to virus infection and is largely responsible for establishing an antiviral state in the infected host. Studies in Irf3−/− mice have demonstrated the absence of IRF3 imparts a high degree of susceptibility to a wide range of viral infections. Virus infection causes the activation of IRF3 to transcribe type-I interferon (e.g., IFNβ), which is responsible for inducing the interferon-stimula
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Eisenlohr, L. C., W. Gerhard, and C. J. Hackett. "Acid-induced conformational modification of the hemagglutinin molecule alters interaction of influenza virus with antigen-presenting cells." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 6 (September 15, 1988): 1870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.6.1870.

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Abstract Brief exposure of influenza virus to pH 5 was found to have extensive effects upon presentation of viral Th cell antigenic determinants. This acidity, comparable to that encountered in host cell endosomes, was known to effect conformational changes in the viral hemagglutinin (HA) which alter the molecule's fusion activity, antigenicity, and susceptibility to enzymes. Three major effects of low pH upon presentation of viral T cell determinants were observed: first, acid pretreatment permitted presentation by pre-fixed APC of two of three linear T cell sites of the HA molecule, bypassin
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Serkedjieva, Julia, Tsvetanka Stefanova, and Ekaterina Krumova. "A Fungal Cu/Zn-Containing Superoxide Dismutase Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of a Plant Polyphenol Extract in Experimental Influenza Virus Infection." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 65, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2010): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2010-5-616.

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The combined protective effect of a polyphenol-rich extract, isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. (PC), and a novel naturally glycosylated Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase, produced from the fungal strain Humicula lutea 103 (HL-SOD), in the experimental influenza A virus infection (EIVI) in mice, induced with the virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), was investigated. The combined application of HL-SOD and PC in doses, which by themselves do not defend significantly mice in EIVI, resulted in a synergistically increased protection, determined on the basis of protective indices and amelioration of lun
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Zhang, Jisong, Liping Huang, Zhuo Zhang, Zhanhong Zhang, Deyong Zhang, Youjun Zhang, Xiaobin Shi, and Yong Liu. "Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) Infection Induced the Resistance of Bemisia tabaci to Two Insecticides: Pyrethroids and Flupyradifurone." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010068.

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Insect vectors and insect-borne plant viruses seriously endanger the safety of agricultural production. An insecticide is one of the main methods to prevent insect-borne virus transmission. However, the curious relationship between the resistance of insect vectors and arboviruses has been less studied. In this study, the effect of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) on the insecticide resistance of Bemisia tabaci MED was studied. It was found that the detoxification cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and carboxylesterase-related genes in ToCV-infected B. tabaci were upregulated. The activit
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Chu, Ki-Back, Hae-Ahm Lee, Hae-Ji Kang, Eun-Kyung Moon, and Fu-Shi Quan. "Preliminary Trichinella spiralis Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response." Cells 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051314.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection affects the lives of neonates throughout the globe, causing a high rate of mortality upon hospital admission. Yet, therapeutic options to deal with this pulmonary pathogen are currently limited. Helminth therapy has been well received for its immunomodulatory role in hosts, which are crucial for mitigating a multitude of diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used the helminth Trichinella spiralis and assessed its capabilities for modulating RSV infection as well as the inflammatory response induced by it in mice. Our results revealed that RSV-specif
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Terekhov, SS, VI Shmygarev, KV Purtov, IV Smirnov, IV Yampolsky, and AS Tsarkova. "Drug design strategies for the treatment of coronavirus infection." Bulletin of Russian State Medical University, no. 2022(6) (December 2022): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2022.067.

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The increasing size and density of the human population is leading to an increasing risk of infectious diseases that threaten to spread yet another pandemics. The widespread use of vaccination has reduced morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections and in some cases eradicated the virus from the population entirely. Regrettably, some virus species retain the ability to mutate rapidly and thus evade the vaccine-induced immune response. New antiviral drugs are therefore needed for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases. Modern research into the structures and properties of v
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Monne Rodriguez, Josep Maria, Gail Leeming, Kernt Köhler, and Anja Kipar. "Feline Herpesvirus Pneumonia: Investigations Into the Pathogenesis." Veterinary Pathology 54, no. 6 (August 16, 2017): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985817720982.

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Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FeHV-1) is one of the etiological agents of feline respiratory disease. FeHV-1 is an epitheliotropic and cytopathic virus that mainly causes rhinitis and conjunctivitis, although pneumonia is also occasionally seen. In this study, the authors investigated the pathogenesis of FeHV-1-associated pneumonia, comparing natural cases with viral infection of tracheal ring and cell cultures in vitro, using histology, immunohistology, double immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy as investigative tools. The results confirm that FeHV-1 targets both respiratory
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Chiang, Cindy, Guanqun Liu, and Michaela U. Gack. "Viral Evasion of RIG-I-Like Receptor-Mediated Immunity through Dysregulation of Ubiquitination and ISGylation." Viruses 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020182.

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Viral dysregulation or suppression of innate immune responses is a key determinant of virus-induced pathogenesis. Important sensors for the detection of virus infection are the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which, in turn, are antagonized by many RNA viruses and DNA viruses. Among the different escape strategies are viral mechanisms to dysregulate the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that play pivotal roles in RLR regulation. In this review, we present the current knowledge of immune evasion by viral pathogens that manipulate ubiquitin- or ISG15-dependent mechanisms of RLR activation. Ke
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Wang, Meiling, Shuoxin Zhang, and Fei Ding. "Melatonin Mitigates Chilling-Induced Oxidative Stress and Photosynthesis Inhibition in Tomato Plants." Antioxidants 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030218.

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Melatonin has been demonstrated to play a variety of roles in plants. Of particular importance is its role as a potent antioxidative agent. In the present study, we generated melatonin-deficient tomato plants using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach and melatonin-rich tomato plants by foliar application of melatonin. These tomato plants were used to assess the effect of melatonin on chilling-induced oxidative stress and chilling-induced photosynthesis inhibition. We found that melatonin deficiency increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidati
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