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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Water softening sludge »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Water softening sludge"

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Zhou, H., D. W. Smith et S. J. Stanley. « Characterization and treatment of lime sludge dewatering effluents ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no 5 (1 octobre 1992) : 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-090.

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With ever increasing regulatory constraints on the disposal of residuals produced during water treatment, the cost of handling, treatment, transport, and disposal of these residuals has become a significant portion of overall water treatment costs. In plants practicing lime softening, a major source of residuals is lime sludge. Of the many options proposed for the management of lime sludges most include sludge dewatering. The dewatering process produces effluents that also must be disposed of. This paper presents the results of the characterization of dewatering effluents from a large water treatment plant. Also presented are treatment and management options which were evaluated through designed bench-scale experiements.The quality and quantity of supernatant effluents from the thickener and centrate from the centrifuge were determined. It was found that the supernatant is composed predominantly of calcium ions and caustic alkalinity which can be treated through pH adjustment. The centrate was found to be of much poorer quality with poor settling and filterability properties. These qualities were found to be mostly attributed to the high organic content of the centrate. Bench-scale tests found that polymer pretreatment could substantially improve both the settleability and filterability of the centrate. Key words: water treatment, sludge dewatering, softening, polymers, sludge conditioning.
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Sarabia-Guarín, Alejandra, Jorge Sánchez-Molina et Juan Carlos Bermúdez-Carrillo. « Effect of use residual sludge from watertreatment plants as a partial substitute forclay for refractory bricks production ». Revista UIS Ingenierías 20, no 1 (21 octobre 2020) : 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v20n1-2021002.

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The sludge generated from water treatment has been classified as a potential environmental pollutant. Because of its chemical composition similar to clay, was proposed to evaluate the effect of its incorporation as a partial substitute for traditional clay materials in the manufacture of aluminosilicate refractory bricks. The raw materials used were characterized by XRD and XRF; the prototypes designed were mixed, extruded, dried and firing at 1200°C, evaluating their linear shrinkage, apparent density, porosity, water absorption and mechanical and pyroscopic resistance (melting cone softening point). The results show the addition of 10% of sludges from industrial water treatment plant, contributedto elevate the softening point the clay that obtaining a refractory brick capable to supporting a temperature up to 1430 °C
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Topp, H., H. Russell, J. Davidson, D. Jones, V. Levy, M. Gilderdale, G. Davis et al. « Process water treatment at the Ranger uranium mine, Northern Australia ». Water Science and Technology 47, no 10 (1 mai 2003) : 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0563.

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The conceptual development and piloting of an innovative water treatment system for process water produced by a uranium mine mill is described. The process incorporates lime/CO2 softening (Stage 1), reverse osmosis (Stage 2) and biopolishing (Stage 3) to produce water of quality suitable for release to the receiving environment. Comprehensive performance data are presented for each stage. The unique features of the proposed process are:•recycling of the lime/CO2 softening sludge to the uranium mill as a neutralant,•the use of power station off-gas for carbonation,•the use of residual ammonia as the pH buffer in carbonation; and•the recovery and recycling of ammonia from the RO reject stream.
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Nguyen, Hoc Thang, Van Phuc Nguyen et Quang Minh Do. « Effects of Curing Time to Engineering Properties of Alkaline Activated Materials Synthesized from Thu Duc Water Plant Waste Sludge, Fly Ash, and Geopolymer Aggregate ». Materials Science Forum 1029 (mai 2021) : 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1029.111.

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Alkaline activated materials (AAM) are products of the reactions among activity oxides in high alkaline condition. AAM has many outstanding properties compared to other groups of similar materials. They are applied in many different fields such as construction materials, thermal insulation materials, refractory materials, catalytic materials, and adsorbents in environmental treatment. More importantly, AAMs are fabricated from raw materials of industrial solid waste such as fly ash, bottom ash, rice husk ash, red sludge, water plant waste sludge, blast furnace slag, and others. There are different synthesis and curing methods used to produce AAM. This study used the waste sludge of Thu Duc water plant mixed with fly ash, sand, geopolymer aggregate in alkaline solution prepared from water glass solution and NaOH to fabricate AAM. AAM products were then tested for engineering properties known as compressive strength, volumetric weight, water absorption, pH value, water content, and softening coefficient during various curing times of 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days.
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Norouzian, Kamyar, Nader Abbasi et Jahangir Abedi Koupai. « Evaluation of Softening of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Sewage Sludge Ash and Lime ». Civil Engineering Journal 4, no 4 (3 mai 2018) : 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309129.

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Production of sewage sludge have raised increasing concerns due to negative environmental effect. Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) is used as a new type of additive for clay. Laboratory tests were performed on clay samples to study the mechanism of sewage sludge ash (SSA) and Hydrated Lime (HL) soil stabilization. Different SSA contents (0, 5, 10, 15%) and hydrated lime (0, 1, 3 and 5%) were added to the soil samples. 288 samples were prepared, and unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out. The samples were tested under optimum water content and also saturated conditions with three replications. The results of the coefficient of softening indicated that by adding SSA and hydrated lime to clay soil simultaneously, the stabilized clay soils can be applied in the moist and saturated condition. According to the results, the samples of SSA contents 0% with hydrated lime 5% and SSA contents 10% with hydrated lime 5% can be placed in the vicinity of moisture.
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Касаточкин, А. С., С. Ю. Ларионов, А. А. Пантелеев, Б. Е. Рябчиков et М. М. Шилов. « Development of a dynamic water softening system – DSS ». Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no 6 (15 juin 2021) : 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2021.06.02.

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Для питьевого водоснабжения часто используются подземные источники воды с повышенным содержанием солей жесткости. Известные методы умягчения приводят к образованию значительного количества жидких и твердых отходов – минерализованных сточных вод или шламов, не подлежащих утилизации. Реагентное умягчение питьевой воды в осветлителях используется достаточно редко из-за трудности приготовления реагентов, поддержания необходимой и постоянной температуры воды, сложности установок и их обслуживания. С 1990-х годов получила довольно широкое применение в питьевом водоснабжении технология реагентного умягчения в интенсифицированных реакторах (вихревых и во взвешенном слое). Такие аппараты достаточно широко используются в Европе и США. В настоящее время АО «НПК «Медиана-Фильтр» проводит работы по созданию и исследованию такого типа реакторов. Они имеют высокую удельную производительность – 50–100 м3/(м2·ч) и существенно проще в обслуживании, чем осветлители. Производительность таких установок достигает тысяч кубометров в час. Главное их преимущество заключается в отсутствии жидких сбросов, получении отхода в твердом виде, который может быть утилизирован, а также практически 100%-ном выходе чистой воды. Underground water sources with a high concentration of hardness salts are often used for drinking water supply. The known methods of softening result in the formation of a significant amount of liquid and solid waste – saline wastewater or sludge that cannot be subject to utilization. Chemical softening of drinking water in clarifiers is rarely used due to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the required and constant water temperature, to the complexity of installations and their maintenance. Since the 1990s, the technology of chemical softening in intensified reactors (vortex and in a blanket) has been widely used in drinking water supply. Such apparatuses have been widely used in Europe and the USA. Currently, Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC has been working on the development and study of this reactor type. They have a high specific capacity – 50–100 m3/(m2·h) and are much easier to maintain compared to clarifiers. The capacity of such equipment reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. Their main advantage is the absence of liquid discharges, generation of solid waste, which can be subject to utilization, as well as an almost 100% yield of clean water.
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Suthaker, Supramaniam, Daniel W. Smith et Stephen J. Stanley. « Characteristics, quantity and thickening of sludge from a partial lime softening plant ». Environmental Technology 14, no 11 (novembre 1993) : 1001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339309385377.

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Stefanoff, Jim, Darby Stacey, James Almaas, Greg Pulliam et Karen Meade. « Use of Softening-Enhanced High Density Sludge Treatment to Recover Mine Water for Beneficial Irrigation Reuse ». Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, no 11 (1 janvier 2011) : 5151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864711802765688.

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den Engelse, Rob. « Phosphate and Nitrogen Removal Programme in The Netherlands ». Water Science and Technology 27, no 5-6 (1 mars 1993) : 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0510.

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A programme of research is being conducted in the Netherlands in the period 1990-1992 to find answers to the questions and solutions to the difficulties involved in the introduction of extensive nitrogen and phosphate removal. The purpose, organisation and implementation of the programme are considered. The most important initial results are set out relating to the clogging of aeration elements on simultaneous phosphate removal in activated sludge systems, to a guide to biological phosphate removal, phosphate stripping, the relationship between softening drinking water and phosphate removal and the market situation for chemicals for phosphate removal.
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Stevanovic-Janezic, Tatjana, et Paul A. Cooper. « Characteristics of Sludges Produced by Destabilization of CCA Preservative Solutions ». Holzforschung 55, no 5 (19 septembre 2001) : 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.078.

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Summary Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) working solution is partially destabilized over time as a result of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) reduction by wood extractives and reactive additives such as water repellents and polyethylene glycol (PEG) wood softening agents. Hot water extracts of several softwood and hardwood species were used to prepare 2% CCA type C solutions. The softwoods included sapwood and heartwood of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and sapwood of southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.). Hard wood samples were mixed sapwood and heartwood of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), basswood (Tilia americana L.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.). In a similar way, 2% CCA solutions were prepared containing 4% PEG and 1% paraffin wax formulated water repellent. The pH and hexavalent chromium content of the CCA solutions were monitored over time until sludge formation was observed. The obtained sludges were separated and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) in the mid-infrared range and by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for chromium, copper and arsenic contents. The results of FT-IR and AAS analyses of the sludges indicate that the products of sludging are of comparable chemical nature regardless of the agent responsible for the destabilization of CCA solutions. Arsenic and chromium are the major and copper the minor constituent of the sludges produced by destabilization of CCA solutions examined here.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Water softening sludge"

1

Bob, Mustafa M. « Enhanced removal of natural organic matter during lime-soda softening ». Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1047486107.

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Thesis (Ph. D)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 119 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Harold W. Walker, Civil Engineering Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-119).
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Livres sur le sujet "Water softening sludge"

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Baker, Rob. Applications for reuse of lime sludge from water softening. Ames, Iowa : Dept. of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, 2005.

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2

Leeuwen, J. Van. Reuse of lime sludge from water softening and coal combustion byproducts. Ames, Iowa : Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, 2004.

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