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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Weather file »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 1 avril 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Weather file"

Deng, Q.-G., G.-Y. Cao, Z.-C. Liu, Z.-S. Wang, Y. Yang, X.-Y. He et J.-J. Yu. « Annual daylight glare evaluation : Impact of weather file selection ». Lighting Research & ; Technology 50, n^o 3 (31 août 2016) : 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516664206.

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This paper illustrates the results of daylight glare simulations of a simple office carried out using five different five weather data files (Chinese typical year weather, CSWD(C), CSWD(A), international weather for energy calculations and Meteonorm), for three Chinese locations (Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou). The aim is to analyse the impact of choosing one weather file or the other on the prediction of daylight glare in the interior environment. The results show that using the Chinese typical year weather and CSWD(C) files can make a better prediction of the time distribution of daylight glare than the others. Analysis of the total amount of daylight glare leads to the conclusion that the Chinese typical year weather file should be recommended when considering extreme weather conditions and the CSWD(C) or Meteonorm files should be recommended in normal weather conditions.

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Lauzet, N., T. Colinart, M. Musy et K. Lapray. « Selecting extreme weather file to assess overheating in residential building ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2069, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012231.

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Abstract Climate change is great challenge for current and newly built buildings. Nowadays, TMY weather file can be easily generated following the IPCC scenarios. Nevertheless, since these data are extrapolated with stochastic model from monthly mean values, they do not show a real pattern and do not include extreme events like heatwaves. In order to get more representative data, we propose in this work a methodology to select real measured files from a large database in light of heatwaves and climate change. This methodology is applied to the city of Lyon, for which 26 years of weather data are available. Three measured weather files projected for the time periods 2020, 2050 and 2080 are selected. These files are used in building thermal simulation of residential building with low or high thermal inertia. Summer overheating is analysed through two different comfort indicators: adaptative comfort and Givoni chart. Results indicates that summer overheating risk is obviously increased with future weather files. When compared to usual TMY files, this risk is also enhanced by using weather file including extreme events like heatwaves. Last, we note that discomfort is mainly encountered during this extreme events.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, Marco Infantone et Luigi Marletta. « Updated Typical Weather Years for the Energy Simulation of Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. A Case Study for Sicily ». Energies 13, n^o 16 (9 août 2020) : 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164115.

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Building energy simulations are normally run through Typical Weather Years (TWYs) that reflect the average trend of local long-term weather data. This paper presents a research aimed at generating updated typical weather files for the city of Catania (Italy), based on 18 years of records (2002–2019) from a local weather station. The paper reports on the statistical analysis of the main recorded variables, and discusses the difference with the data included in a weather file currently available for the same location based on measurements taken before the 1970s but still used in dynamic energy simulation tools. The discussion also includes a further weather file, made available by the Italian Thermotechnical Committee (CTI) in 2015 and built upon the data registered by the same weather station but covering a much shorter period. Three new TWYs are then developed starting from the recent data, according to well-established procedures reported by ASHRAE and ISO standards. The paper discusses the influence of the updated TWYs on the results of building energy simulations for a typical residential building, showing that the cooling and heating demand can differ by 50% or even 65% from the simulations based on the outdated weather file.

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Manapragada, Naga Venkata Sai Kumar, Anoop Kumar Shukla, Gloria Pignatta, Komali Yenneti, Deepika Shetty, Bibhu Kalyan Nayak et Venkataramana Boorla. « Development of the Indian Future Weather File Generator Based on Representative Concentration Pathways ». Sustainability 14, n^o 22 (16 novembre 2022) : 15191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215191.

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India’s fossil-fuel-based energy dependency is up to 68%, with the commercial and residential sectors contributing to the rise of building energy demand, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Several studies have shown that the increasing building energy demand is associated with increased space-cooling ownership and building footprint. The energy demand is predicted to grow further with the conditions of global warming and the phenomenon of urban heat islands. Building designers have been using state-of-the-art transient simulation tools to evaluate energy-efficient envelopes with present-day weather files that are generated with historical weather datasets for any specific location. Designing buildings with historical climatic conditions makes the buildings vulnerable to the predicted climate change impacts. In this paper, a weather file generator was developed to generate Indian future weather files using a geo-filtering-based spatial technique, as well as the temporal downscaling and machine learning (ML)-based bias correction approach proposed by Belcher et al. The future weather files of the three representative concentration pathways of 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 could be generated for the years 2030, 2050, 2070, 2090, and 2100. Currently, the outputs of the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model are being used to create future weather files that will aid architects, urban designers, and planners in developing a built environment that is resilient to climate change. The novelty lies in using observed historical data from present-day weather files on the typical meteorological year for testing and training ML models. The typical meteorological weather files are composed of the concatenation of the monthly weather datasets from different years, which are referred to for testing and training ML models for bias correction.

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Aliabadi, Amir A., et Rachel M. McLeod. « The Vatic Weather File Generator (VWFG v1.0.0) ». Journal of Building Engineering 67 (mai 2023) : 105966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.105966.

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Aram, Kimiya, Roohollah Taherkhani et Agnė Šimelytė. « Multistage Optimization toward a Nearly Net Zero Energy Building Due to Climate Change ». Energies 15, n^o 3 (28 janvier 2022) : 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030983.

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Climate change is one of the major problems of the planet. The atmosphere is overloaded with carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuels that are burned for energy. Almost 40 percent of the total energy worldwide is used by the building sector, which comes from non-renewable sources and contributes up to 30% of annual greenhouse gas emissions globally. The building sector in Iran accounts for 33.8% of Iran’s total energy usage. Within the building sector, the energy consumption of Iranian educational buildings is 2.5 times higher than educational buildings in developed countries. One of the most effective ways of reducing global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is retrofitting existing buildings. This study aims to investigate whether a particular energy-optimized design under the present climate conditions would respond effectively to future climate change. This can help designers make a better decision on an optimal model, which can remain optimal over the years based on climate change. For methodological purposes, multistage optimization was used to retrofit an existing educational building. Specifically, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was chosen to minimize the cooling and heating load, as well as consider investment costs for present and future weather files, using the jEPlus tool. Furthermore, the TOPSIS method was used to identify the best set of retrofit measures. For this purpose, a four-story educational building in Tehran was modeled on Design Builder software v7.0.0.116 as a case study to provide a better understanding for researchers of how to effectively retrofit a building to achieve a nearly zero energy building considering climate change. The results show that the optimized solution for the present weather file does not remain the optimized solution in 2080. Moreover, it is shown that to have an optimized building in regard to future weather files, the model should be designed for the future weather conditions. This study shows that if the building becomes optimized using the present weather file the total energy consumption will be reduced by 65.14% and 86.18% if using the future weather file. These two figures are obtained by implementing active and passive measures and show the priority of using the future weather file for designers. Using PV panels also, this building is capable of becoming a nearly net zero building, which would produce about 90% of its own energy demands.

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Baharun, Azhaili, Siti Halipah Ibrahim, Mohammad Omar Abdullah et Ooi Koon Beng. « Experimental Validation of EnergyPlus® Simulation of a Single Storey Building ». Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 2, n^o 1 (1 mars 2011) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.82.2011.

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EnergyPlus® simulated indoor temperatures of a single storey building at the east campus of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, for April and June, are validated with measurements taken in 2007.The measured local outdoor temperature was used together with the global solar radiation, wind velocity, relative humidity and cloud cover measured at the Kuching airport to replace the typical meteorological year (TMY) values in the EnergyPlus® weather (EPW) file to fonn a Modified EPW weather file at the time/date of experiments. The remaining fields of the Modified EPW contain TMY data including the direct and diffuse solar radiations and the 'sky's' infrared radiation, which is also present at night.Analysis of the temperatures at the windows simulated with the EPW and Modified EPW weather files for the April and June experiments show the strong influence of the outdoor temperature and importance of the global solar radiation in the weather file and local outdoor temperature is used in the Modified EPW.Day time peak mismatches between the measured indoor air temperature and the indoor air temperature simulated with the Modified EPW is 2 to 3 deg C. These are due to the use of the TMY direct and diffuse solar radiations in the heat balance algorithms at the outside surfaces. The corresponding night time mismatches are less than 1 deg C because the TMY values of the long wave infra-red radiation emitted from molecules and particles in the atmosphere in the Modified EPW are used in simulation.

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Demanuele, C., A. Mavrogianni, M. Davies, M. Kolokotroni et I. Rajapaksha. « Using localised weather files to assess overheating in naturally ventilated offices within London's urban heat island ». Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 33, n^o 4 (9 septembre 2011) : 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624411416064.

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Urban environments typically experience increased average air temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas – a phenomenon referred to as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The impact of the UHI on comfort in naturally ventilated buildings is the main focus of this article. The overheating risk in urban buildings is likely to be exacerbated in the future as a result of the combined effect of the UHI and climate change. In the design of such buildings in London, the usual current practice is to view the use of one generic weather file as being adequate to represent external temperatures. However, the work reported here demonstrates that there is a considerable difference between the overheating performance of a standard building at different sites within London. This implies, for example, that a building may wrongly pass or fail criteria used to demonstrate compliance with building regulations as a result of an inappropriate generic weather file being used. The work thus has important policy implications. Practical application: The Greater London Authority has recently developed, with the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, guidance for developers to address the risk of overheating in buildings via the provision of weather files for London relating to three zones. While such an initiative is welcomed, it may be that a weather file tailored to the building location would be preferable. Of course, this would add further complexity to the process and a view would have to be taken as the viability of such an approach. The work presented in this article, however, suggests that serious consideration should be given to the use of tailored weather data for regulatory purposes.

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Kwak, Young-Hoon, Yong-Woo Jeong, Hey-Sim Han, Cheol-Yong Jang et Jung-Ho Huh. « Forecasted Weather based Weather Data File Generation Techniques for Real-time Building Simulation ». Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 34, n^o 1 (28 février 2014) : 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2014.34.1.008.

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P.Tootkaboni, Mamak, Ilaria Ballarini, Michele Zinzi et Vincenzo Corrado. « A Comparative Analysis of Different Future Weather Data for Building Energy Performance Simulation ». Climate 9, n^o 2 (23 février 2021) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9020037.

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The building energy performance pattern is predicted to be shifted in the future due to climate change. To analyze this phenomenon, there is an urgent need for reliable and robust future weather datasets. Several ways for estimating future climate projection and creating weather files exist. This paper attempts to comparatively analyze three tools for generating future weather datasets based on statistical downscaling (WeatherShift, Meteonorm, and CCWorldWeatherGen) with one based on dynamical downscaling (a future-typical meteorological year, created using a high-quality reginal climate model). Four weather datasets for the city of Rome are generated and applied to the energy simulation of a mono family house and an apartment block as representative building types of Italian residential building stock. The results show that morphed weather files have a relatively similar operation in predicting the future comfort and energy performance of the buildings. In addition, discrepancy between them and the dynamical downscaled weather file is revealed. The analysis shows that this comes not only from using different approaches for creating future weather datasets but also by the building type. Therefore, for finding climate resilient solutions for buildings, care should be taken in using different methods for developing future weather datasets, and regional and localized analysis becomes vital.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Weather file"

POURABDOLLAHTOOTKABONI, MAMAK. « Towards Climate Resilient and Energy Efficient Buildings : A Comparative Study on Energy Related Components, Adaptation Strategies, and Whole Building Performance ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973984.

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Casagrande, Bruna Gomes. « Cenários climáticos futuros : diagnóstico prospectivo do desempenho termoenergético de edifícios comerciais no Brasil para o século XXI ». Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6178.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Gomes Casagrande.pdf: 1917905 bytes, checksum: e718bea85f7b6f30f9d853432b991194 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Ao mesmo tempo em que foram desenvolvidos no Brasil programas com a meta de racionalização do sistema energético nacional, motivados principalmente pelas crises enfrentadas pelo país, como o racionamento de 2001, estudos a respeito do comportamento do clima em escala mundial apresentaram avanços expressivos, acilitados pela evolução tecnológica e computacional. Entre as estratégias para contenção do desperdício da energia produzida está o consumo pelas edificações, uma vez que a adoção de sistemas construtivos adequados pode reduzir o consumo final de eletricidade. Tal constatação constitui um dos preceitos da arquitetura bioclimática, que preconiza a necessidade de adaptação do edifício ao clima local, sendo, para isso, imprescindível a compreensão dos fenômenos climáticos. Desta forma, o princípio que conduziu esta pesquisa foi o comportamento variável do clima, consenso para grande parte dos climatologistas, e suas consequências para as demandas energéticas futuras, particularmente durante o ciclo de vida planejado para cada edifício. Investigar o impacto das mudanças projetadas para o clima ao longo do século XXI no desempenho termoenergético de edificações comerciais artificialmente climatizadas localizadas em diferentes cidades do Brasil foi o principal objetivo deste estudo. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram divididos em quatro etapas, iniciando-se por uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática central mudanças climáticas bem como os temas correlacionados, com especial ênfase para a associação entre conforto térmico e a questão energética. Na segunda etapa foram estabelecidos os mecanismos para preparação de arquivos climáticos futuros, incluindo-se a seleção de cidades para representação das diferentes condições geográficas do território brasileiro. Posteriormente foi efetuado o recorte do objeto, com a indicação dos parâmetros de controle e das variáveis em análise, designandose as características do edifício que não serão afetadas por intervenções futuras: percentual de abertura nas fachadas, dispositivos de proteção solar e orientação das maiores fachadas. A etapa final foi dedicada às simulações, realizadas no programa DesignBuilder a partir da configuração dos 192 modelos paramétricos. Os resultados da aplicação da metodologia, analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente, reproduziram, de forma generalizada, um aumento no consumo de 10,7% em 2020, 16,9% em 2050 e 25,6% em 2080, em relação ao consumo atual. Apesar da significância desse aumento, inclusive para o planejamento energético nacional, aumentos mais expressivos foram registrados em estudos internacionais, reforçando a necessidade de consideração dos fenômenos regionais na preparação de dados climáticos futuros neste tipo de pesquisa. Em Recife, a variação de parâmetros construtivos não provocou diferenças tão significativas nas taxas de aumento do consumo quanto nas outras cinco localidades, sendo que Brasília apresentou as maiores taxas de aumento. Considerando-se os edifícios de todas as cidades, a presença de dispositivos de proteção solar foi a variável com maior impacto para diminuição do consumo, e o edifício orientado a Leste e Oeste, com grandes aberturas desprotegidas, apresentou consumo significativamente superior aos outros modelos, atual e futuramente. Por fim, ao contrário da maioria dos resultados mensais observados, em Porto Alegre ocorreu uma diminuição no consumo em alguns meses de 2020 e 2050, ocasionada possivelmente pela diminuição dos períodos de utilização da climatização artificial para aquecimento
At the same time that programs were developed in Brazil with the goal of the national energy system rationalization, mainly motivated by the crisis faced by the country as in the rationing of 2001 studies of the climate s behavior on a global scale showed significant advances, facilitated by technological and computational development. One of the strategies for containment the waste energy produced is the energy consumption by buildings, since the adoption of appropriate constructive systems can reduce the final electricity consumption. This was a principle of bioclimatic architecture, which recommends an adaptation of the building to the local climate conditions, and for that, it is essential to understand the climate system. Therefore, the principle that guided the development of this research was the variable behavior of the climate, which is consensus for most climatologists, and its consequences for the future energy demands of buildings, particularly along the planned life cycle for each building. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of projected changes to the climate over the twenty-first century in the thermo energetic performance of commercial buildings artificially acclimatized located in different cities of Brazil. The methodological procedures were divided into four stages, initiating with an extensive literature review on the central theme climate change as well as related topics, with special emphasis on the relationship between thermal comfort and energy issue. In the second step mechanisms for preparing future climate files were established, including the selection of cities for representation of different geo-climatic conditions of the Brazilian territory. After that the definition of the object was performed, indicating the control parameters and variables in the analysis, assigning the characteristics of the building that will not be affected by future interventions window wall ratio, solar shading and orientation of the largest facades. The final step was dedicated to the simulations, performed in the program DesignBuilder from the configuration of the 192 parametric models. The results of applying the methodology, analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, reproduced in generalized way an increase in energy consumption in buildings by 10.7% in 2020, 16.9% in 2050 and 25.6% in 2080, compared to current consumption. Although the significance of this increase, including the national energy planning, most significant increases were recorded in international studies, reinforcing the need for consideration of regional climate events in the preparation of future climate data in this type of research. In Recife, the variation of constructive parameters did not cause as significant differences in the rates of increase in consumption as the other five locations, and Brasilia had the highest rates of increase. Considering the buildings of all the cities, the presence of solar shading was the variable with the greatest impact on reducing energy consumption, and the building oriented east and west, with large unprotected openings, showed energy consumption significantly superior to other models, in all cities and periods. Finally, unlike most of monthly results observed, in Porto Alegre occurred a decrease in energy consumption in some months of 2020 and 2050, possibly caused by the reduction in time use of artificial air conditioning heating

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Lundström, Lukas. « Weather data for building simulation : New actual weather files for North Europe combining observed weather and modeled solar radiation ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16446.

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Dynamic building simulation is increasingly necessary for accurately quantifying potential energy savings measures in retrofit projects, to compliant with new stricter directives from EU implanted into member states legislations and building codes. For good result the simulation model need to be accurately calibrated. This requires actual weather data, representative for the climate surrounding the given building, in order to calibrate against actual energy bills of the same period of time. The main objective of this degree project is to combine observed weather (temperature, humidity, wind etc.) data with modeled solar radiation data, utilizing the SMHI STRÅNG model system; and transform these data into AMY (Actual Meteorological Year) files to be used with building simulation software. This procedure gives actual weather datasets that will cover most of the urban and semi urban area in Northern Europe while still keeping the accuracy of observed weather data. A tool called Real-Time Weather Converter was developed to handle data retrieval & merging, filling of missing data points and to create the final AMY-file. Modeled solar radiation data from STRÅNG had only been validated against a Swedish solar radiation network; validation was now made by the author with wider geographic coverage. Validation results show that STRÅNG model system performs well for Sweden but less so outside of Sweden. There exist some areas outside of Sweden (mainly Central Europe) with reasonable good result for some periods but the result is not as consistent in the long run as for Sweden. The missing data fill scheme developed for the Real-Time Weather Converter does perform better than interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) of about 9 to 48 hours. For gaps between 2 and 5 days the fill scheme will still give slightly better result than linear interpolation. Akima Spline interpolation performs better than linear interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) in the interval 2 to about 8 hours. Temperature uncertainty was studied using data from the period 1981-2010 for selected sites. The result expressed as SD (Standard Deviation) for the uncertainty in yearly mean temperature is about 1˚C for the Nordic countries. On a monthly basis the variation in mean temperature is much stronger (for Nordic countries it ranges from 3.5 to 4.7 ˚C for winter months), while summer months have less variation (with SD in the range of 1.3 to 1.9 ˚C). The same pattern is visible in sites at more southern latitudes but with much lower variation, and still lower for sites near coast areas. E.g. the cost-near Camborne, UK, has a SD of 0.7 to 1.7 ˚C on monthly basis and yearly SD of 0.5 ˚C. Mean direct irradiance SD for studied sites ranges from 5 to 19 W/m2 on yearly basis, while on monthly basis the SD ranges from 40 to 60 W/m2 for summer months. However, the sample base was small and of inconsistent time periods and the numbers can only be seen as indicative. The commonly used IWEC (International Weather for Energy Calculations) files direct radiation parameter was found to have a very strong negative bias of about 20 to 40 % for Northern Europe. These files should be used with care, especially if solar radiation has a significant impact of on the building being modeled. Note that there exist also a newer set of files called IWEC2 that can be purchased from ASHRAE, these files seems not to be systematically biased for North Europe but haven’t been studied in this paper. The STRÅNG model system does catch the trend, also outside of Sweden, and is thus a very useful source of solar radiation data for model calibration.

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Weiler, Michael. « Weathered ». Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10267249.

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WEATHERED is a means to give back and say thanks to all who have helped me through life and offer similar aid to anyone willing to listen. Presented within the CRAIVE Lab at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Technology Park on March 4^th, 4pm to 8pm, it depicts an allegorical journey of survival, change, and rediscovery as people are reunited with their identity after separating themselves from it as a means of survival.

In the Thesis, the autobiographical forces behind WEATHERED are defogged, revealing a personal past of birth, growth, abuse, survival, and healing. It will further unravel and look deeper into the artwork's use of allegory, its development process, and conceptual decisions and symbolism, all in conjunction with the artist's creative growth and metamorphosis.

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Pope, Ellis Abel. « Integrating technology into a grade five resource-based weather unit ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0029/MQ47468.pdf.

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Power, Mitchell J. « Recent and Holocene fire, climate, and vegetation linkages in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1232403871&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1180996482&clientId=11238.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes appendices with Foy Lake pollen and charcoal data and fire atlas metadata. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-244). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Nikolaidis, Theoklis. « Water ingestion effects on gas turbine engine performance ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3516.

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Although gas turbine engines are designed to use dry air as the working fluid, the great demand over the last decades for air travel at several altitudes and speeds has increased aircraft’s exposure to inclement weather conditions. Although, they are required to perform safely under the effect of various meteorological phenomena, in which air entering the engine contains water, several incidents have been reported to the aviation authorities about power loss during flight at inclement weather. It was understood that the rain ingestion into a gas turbine engine influences the performance of the engine and particular the compressor and the combustor. The effects of water ingestion on gas turbine engines are aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical. These effects occur simultaneously and affect each other. Considering the above effects and the fact that they are timedependent, there are few gas turbine performance simulation tools, which take into account the water ingestion phenomenon. This study is a new research of investigating theoretically the water ingestion effects on a gas turbine performance. It focuses on the aerodynamic and mechanical effects of the phenomenon on the compressor and the combustor. The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the basic methodology to examine the details of the flow in an axial compressor and how it is affected by the presence of water. The calculations of water film thickness, which is formed on the rotor blade, its motion (direction and speed) and the extra torque demand, are provided by a code created by the author using FORTRAN programming language. Considering the change in blade’s profile and the wavy characteristics of the liquid film, the compressor’s performance deterioration is calculated. The compressor and combustor’s deterioration data are imported to a gas turbine simulation code, which is upgraded to calculate overall engine’s performance deterioration. The results show a considerable alteration in engine’s performance parameters and arrive at the same conclusions with the relevant experimental observations.

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Jessee, Sharon A. « A monotony of fine weather imagined worlds in contemporary American fiction / ». Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8616607.

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Viegas, de Barros Ana Lúcia. « Impact of climatic variability on the fire behaviour of different land ecosystems ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4874.

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Wildfires are a natural phenomenon that strongly impacts the environment. Many terrestrial ecosystems depend on fire to maintain their ecological equilibrium and biodiversity, but new destructive fire patterns, often associated with land management practices and rapid climate change, have been degrading soil and water resources, increasing erosion by wind, precipitation and floods, decreasing biodiversity and contributing to desertification. Furthermore, pyrogenic emissions from biomass burning are an important source of atmospheric pollution and they impact the radiative balance of the troposphere, strongly contributing to the greenhouse effect. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of climate variability on geographic, ecological, seasonal and inter-annual distributions of fires and correspondent pyrogenic emissions, across a variety of ecosystems. With this purpose, 10 years of world, monthly, 1°x1° gridded data, from the Global Fire Emissions Database, were compared with land-cover data, from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies, and with weather data, from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre and the Global Hydrology Resource Centre. Overall, the climate parameters significantly correlated with carbon emissions were air and soil temperature, air and soil humidity, rainfall, wind speed and lightning density during the fire season, and also precipitation and snow cover up to 6 months before the fire season. Good statistical quantitative models of carbon emissions (correlations above 70%, and up to 95%, between estimated and predicted values, with residuals normally distributed) using humidity, temperature or lagged rainfall as predictors, were found almost exclusively in tropical grasslands, shrublands and woodlands, especially in Africa, where fire behaviour was more regular. In boreal and temperate forests and woodlands, where fire patterns were irregular and fire returning periods were larger, there were not enough fires, in 10 years of data, to obtain useful predictive statistical models. The fire models presented here, together with the quantitative statistical relationships found between climate and fire patterns, in different land ecosystems, are apt to be used in predictive climate models, land management, fire risk assessment and mitigation of climate change.

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Tenna, Alyce. « An evaluation of the weather research and forecasting model's ability in simulating fire weather for the Southwest of Western Australia ». Thesis, Tenna, Alyce (2016) An evaluation of the weather research and forecasting model's ability in simulating fire weather for the Southwest of Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35249/.

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The southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) is prone to bushfires, and these have significant social, environmental and economic impacts. One of the major influences on fire weather is climate, and it is therefore important to understand current and future changes in fire weather in relation to climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) can be used to investigate current and future changes in fire weather, however, their coarse resolution (100 to 250 km) limits their applicability at the regional scale. Regional climate models (RCMs) are used to dynamically downscale GCMs to a regional scale (1 to 10 km). This study evaluates a RCM, the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF), in its ability to simulate fire weather over the period 1981 to 2010 in the SWWA . Fire weather was quantified using the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), which is the current operational index used for fire danger warnings in Australia. FFDI was computed from both WRF and observational data, and results show that WRF captured the observed FFDI trend, albeit with a slight overestimation. Errors in WRF derived FFDI were mainly caused by WRF’s underestimation of relative humidity, which caused the FFDI to be overestimated, particularly along coastal regions. Fire Danger Ratings (FDRs), which are fire risk categories derived from the FFDI, were also examined, and it was shown that WRF was able to simulate low-risk FDRs with greater skill in comparison to high-risk FDRs. Although WRF performed poorly in simulating high-risk FDRs, these categories are a rare and unusual occurrence of the upper-distribution, and the majority of the FFDI distribution was well-represented by WRF. This study shows that overall, WRF was a useful tool for simulating fire weather over the SWWA.

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Livres sur le sujet "Weather file"

Slater, Ted M. Using dBASE IV to manage a weather database for snakeweed research. Las Cruces, NM : New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, 1996.

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United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI file on the Students for a Democratic Society and the Weatherman Underground Organization. Wilmington, Del : Scholarly Resources, 1991.

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Cheney, Phil. Grassfires : Fuel, weather and fire behaviour. 2^e éd. Collingwood, Vic : CSIRO Publishing, 2008.

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Cheney, Phil. Grassfires : Fuel, weather, and fire behaviour. Collingwood, Australia : CSIRO Pub., 1997.

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Péch, Gyula. Automatic reporting fire weather network at Petawawa, Ontario. Chalk River, Ont : Petawawa National Forestry Institute, 1995.

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Service, United States Forest, dir. WIMS, Weather Information Management System. [Washington, D.C.?] : U.S. Forest Service, Dept. of Agriculture, 1996.

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Haines, Donald A. Fire-weather stations in northeastern United States. [St. Paul, Minn.] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Haines, Donald A. Fire-weather stations in northeastern United States. [St. Paul, Minn.] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Haines, Donald A. Fire-weather stations in northeastern United States. [St. Paul, Minn.] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Haines, Donald A. Fire-weather stations in northeastern United States. [St. Paul, Minn.?] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Weather file"

Kirstein, Fabian, Dario Bacher, Vincent Bohlen et Sonja Schimmler. « Ronda : Real-Time Data Provision, Processing and Publication for Open Data ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 165–77. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84789-0_12.

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AbstractThe provision and dissemination of Open Data is a flourishing concept, which is highly recognized and established in the government and public administrations domains. Typically, the actual data is served as static file downloads, such as CSV or PDF, and the established software solutions for Open Data are mostly designed to manage this kind of data. However, the rising popularity of the Internet of things and smart devices in the public and private domain leads to an increase of available real-time data, like public transportation schedules, weather forecasts, or power grid data. Such timely and extensive data cannot be used to its full potential when published in a static, file-based fashion. Therefore, we designed and developed Ronda - an open source platform for gathering, processing and publishing real-time Open Data based on industry-proven and established big data and data processing tools. Our solution easily enables Open Data publishers to provide real-time interfaces for heterogeneous data sources, fostering more sophisticated and advanced Open Data use cases. We have evaluated our work through a practical application in a production environment.

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Stone, Andrew L. « Stormy Weather ». Dans 100 Film Musicals, 223–25. London : British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-568-8_89.

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Wills, Rosalie, James A. Milke, Sara Royle et Kristin Steranka. « Weather-Related Maintenance Considerations ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Fire, 57–58. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2883-5_10.

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Kelly, Gene, et Stanley Donen. « It’s Always Fair Weather ». Dans 100 Film Musicals, 109–10. London : British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-568-8_43.

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Downs, Jace. « Weather Gear ». Dans The Photographer's Career Guide to Shooting Production Stills for Film and Television, 96–98. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183129-22.

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Carvalho, Ana C., Anabela Carvalho, Ana I. Miranda, Carlos Borrego et Alfredo Rocha. « Climate Change and Fire Weather Risk ». Dans Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change, 555–65. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04313-4_47.

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Schweizer, Donald, Tom Nichols, Ricardo Cisneros, Kathleen Navarro et Trent Procter. « Wildland Fire, Extreme Weather and Society : Implications of a History of Fire Suppression in California, USA ». Dans Extreme Weather Events and Human Health, 41–57. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23773-8_4.

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Stocks, B. J., et T. J. Lynham. « Fire Weather Climatology in Canada and Russia ». Dans Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia, 481–94. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8737-2_44.

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Camia, Andrea, et Giuseppe Amatulli. « Weather Factors and Fire Danger in the Mediterranean ». Dans Earth Observation of Wildland Fires in Mediterranean Ecosystems, 71–82. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4_6.

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Roads, John, Shyn-Chin Chen, Jack Ritchie, F. Fujioka, H. Juang et M. Kanamitsu. « ECPC’s Global to Regional Fire Weather Forecast System ». Dans Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, 609–13. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55903-7_82.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Weather file"

Kamal, Athar, Ibrahim Hassan, Liangzhou (Leon) Wang et Mohammad Azizur Rahman. « Estimating Combined Impact of Urban Heat Island Effect and Climate Change on Cooling Requirements of Tall Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Locations ». Dans ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94272.

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Abstract Climate change estimates are critical in developing long-term solutions to the dwelling problems that we currently face. This study combines the impact of climate change and the urban heat island effect to study the outcomes of future weather conditions on the cooling of tall residential buildings in hot and humid climates. For the year 2050, we calculate the impact of urban characteristics through the urban weather generator and climate change through the world weather gen tool on the micro-climatic condition of a district in a newly constructed city near Doha, Qatar, the Lusail City. A total of four weather files are compared to the weather data gathered from the established weather station in the city (two for the year 2020 and three for the year 2050). Results reveal that once the open weather map file has been processed through the urban weather generator (UWG) first and then the climate change model, the MAE increases to 3.30, and the RMSE goes to 3.8 with a maximum deviation of 11.4°c occurring. If the process is done the other way around, the climate change model is applied first, and then the UWG file is applied, the MAE of 3.46 is with RMSE of 3.94 with a maximum deviation of 11.3°c occurring. The impact of these weather files is then assessed on a tall residential building in Lusail. A significant increase of 777197 kwh or 20% is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the climate change model and then through the urban weather generator (as compared to the rural weather file); an increase of 739983 kwh or 19% is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the UWG and then through the climate change model; finally close to 22.6 percent increase or 874088 kwh is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the climate change model and then through the climate change model.

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Sherstnev, V. S., I. A. Botygin, A. S. Zenzin, A. I. Sherstneva et N. Y. Galanova. « Development of distributed file system for storing weather data ». Dans XXII International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, sous la direction de Gennadii G. Matvienko et Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249248.

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Al-Anzi, Adnan, Donghyun Seo et Moncef Krarti. « Impact of Solar Model Selection on Building Energy Analysis for Kuwait ». Dans ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99136.

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This paper summarizes the results of a comparative analysis for four models utilized to predict solar radiation in Kuwait City, Kuwait. The four models include the Kasten model, Zhang and Huang model, Muneer model, and neural network based model. The analysis was based on hourly measured solar data for Kuwait City. The measured hourly solar radiation data are obtained for the year 1994 and include global, direct, and diffuse solar radiation. Non-solar weather data for the same year and site are obtained from the US National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Weather files suitable for building energy simulation are developed using measured data as well as predictions from the four solar models. A series of simulation analysis to determine the impact of solar model selection for the weather file on the energy use predictions from a whole-building simulation program using office buildings in Kuwait. The results of the validation analysis and the simulation evalaution indicate that Zhang and Huang model is suitable for the predicting hourly solar radiation suitable for energy analysis of buildings in Kuwait.

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Gonzalez Caceres, Alex, Dimitrios G. Zenginis et Tor Arvid Vik. « The impact of the weather data file on the energy performance certificate, the case of Norway ». Dans The 59th Conference on imulation and Modelling (SIMS 59), 26-28 September 2018, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp18153342.

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Tibana, Yehisson, Estatio Gutierrez, M. Arend et J. E. Gonzalez. « Building Peak Load Management With High Resolution Weather Data ». Dans ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49233.

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Dense urban environments are exposed to the combined effects of rising global temperatures and urban heat islands. This combination is resulting in increasing trends of energy consumption in cities, associated mostly with air conditioning to maintain indoor human comfort conditions. During periods of extreme summer weather, electrical usage usually reaches peak loads, stressing the electrical grid. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of available, high resolution weather data by effectively preparing a building for peak load management. The subject of study is a 14 floor, 620,782 sq ft building located in uptown Manhattan, New York City (40.819257 N, −73.949288 W). To precisely quantify thermal loads of the buildings for the summer conditions; a single building energy model (SBEM), the US Department of Energy EnergyPlus™ was used. The SBEM was driven by a weather file built from weather data of the urbanized weather forecasting model (uWRF), a high resolution weather model coupled to a building energy model. The SBEM configuration and simulations were calibrated with winter actual gas and electricity data using 2010 as the benchmark year. In order to show the building peak load management, demand response techniques and technologies were implemented. The methods used to prepare the building included generator usage during high peak loads and use of a thermal storage system. An ensemble of cases was analyzed using current practice, use of high resolution weather data, and use of building preparation technologies. Results indicated an average summer peak savings of more than 30% with high resolution weather data.

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Gallo, Andrea, Riccardo Accorsi, Riccardo Manzini, Daniele Santi et Alessandro Tufano. « Improving integration in supply chain traceability systems for perishable products ». Dans the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.004.

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"Traceability represents a major concern in supply chains of perishable products. Progress enables complex and integrated monitoring systems based on Internet of Things (IoT), continuous monitoring and real-time alerting. However, the adoption rate of these innovations is not fast enough due to the need of expensive equipment and a robust digital infrastructure. The use of inappropriate technology and the lack of standardization between different monitoring systems often causes data leakage during storage and transportation. The lack of a standard in the traceability tools also causes difficulties in merging the output preventing the formation of a seamless cold chain. This paper presents a decision support tool that helps practitioners to track and trace the perishable products at each stage of the supply chain. The tool gathers data from multiple sources with different data structures, merge the files and fill missing data with the aid of a routing tool and weather forecasting databases. The output of this tool is a unique file containing all the traceability data about the product during its life-cycle. The tool also visualizes the traceability data through the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on OpenStreetMap."

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Naranjo-Mendoza, Carlos, Jesús López-Villada, Gabriel Gaona et Jerko Labus. « Performance Analysis With Future Predictions of Different Solar Cooling Systems in Guayaquil, Ecuador ». Dans ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6594.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of three different solar cooling system configurations developed for a case study building in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Guayaquil is a city located at the Ecuadorian coast with an average annual temperature of 25°C. The city’s need for air conditioning throughout the year and the relatively intense solar radiation provide a great opportunity for implementation of solar cooling systems. The first cooling system includes a 175 kWc single-effect absorption chiller powered by evacuated tubes solar thermal collectors. This system was compared with two 140 kWc compression chiller systems (air-cooled (AC) and water-cooled (WC)) powered by grid-connected photovoltaics. Both constant flow rate (CFR) and variable flow rate (VFR) of chilled water were analyzed. The three systems have to satisfy a cooling demand of the top floor in one governmental building (app. 1296 m2) which was selected as case study. Additionally, two 140 kWc conventional compression chiller systems (AC and WC) were included in the comparison as reference systems. Cooling demand of the building was simulated in EnergyPlus and coupled with the appropriate system configurations developed in TRNSYS. The weather file (TMY) was developed based on real meteorological data collected in the last decade. The present analysis was extended with the prediction scenarios for the years 2020, 2050 and 2080 using climate change adapted weather files.

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Tibana, Yehisson, Estatio Gutierrez, Sashary Marte et J. E. Gonzalez. « Modeling Building HVAC Energy Consumption During an Extreme Heat Event in a Dense Urban Environment ». Dans ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6315.

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Dense urban environments are exposed to the combined effects of rising global temperatures and urban heat islands, a thermal gradient between the urban centers and the less urbanized surroundings suburbs. This combination is resulting in increasing trends of energy consumption in cities, associated mostly to air conditioning to maintain indoor human comfort conditions. The energy demand is further magnified during extreme heat events to a point where the electrical grid may be at risk. Given the anticipated increased frequency of extreme heat events for the future, it is imperative to develop methodologies to quantify energy demands from buildings during extreme heat events. The purpose of this study is to precisely quantify thermal loads of buildings located in the very dense urban environment of New York City under an extreme heat event that took place in the summer of 2010 (July 4–8). Two approaches were used to quantify thermal loads of buildings for these conditions; a single building energy model (SBEM), such as the US Department of Energy eQUEST and EnergyPlus™, and an urbanized weather forecasting model (uWRF) coupled to a building energy model. The SBEM was driven by Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) weather file and by a customized weather file built from uWRF’s weather data for the specific days of the heat wave. A series of simulations were conducted with both SBEM software to model building energy consumption data due to air conditioning for two locations in Uptown and Midtown Manhattan, NY, which represented a low density and a high density building area within the city. Assumptions were made regarding the building’s floor plans and operation schedule to simplify the model and provide a close comparison to uWRF. Results of the ensemble of SBEM indicate there was an increase in energy consumption during the July 2010 heat-wave when compared with the central park TMY case. The uptown location consumed 137% more energy during the heat wave event, while the midtown location showed an increased in energy consumption of 125% when compared to a typical July three day period, reaching total loads of close to 9812 kWh for a 20 m height building. Comparison of the results directly from uWRF for the energy consumption for same locations, indicate that for the midtown location both SBEMs underestimated the total energy consumption within a factor of three. This may be due to the fact that uWRF energy model takes into account urban microclimate parameters such as anthropogenic sources and waste heat interactions between surrounding buildings.

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Elizondo, Hazel A., Bereket Lebassi et Jorge E. Gonzalez-Cruz. « Modeling and Validation of Building Thermal Performance of the 2007 Santa Clara University Solar Decathlon House ». Dans ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54044.

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Sustainability is an issue of great importance in the building and energy sectors. In the United States, about 40% of total energy use is in buildings, 30% of raw materials are used in buildings, 30% of waste outputs come from buildings, 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to buildings, and 12% of potable water consumption occurs in buildings. Thus, there is a great necessity for the rapid deployment of highly sustainable buildings that are aesthetic and reliable. Solar houses are highly sustainable and can be designed to be reliable by using streamlined technologies, providing as much power as needed, and by minimizing the energy usage within the building. The US DOE Solar Decathlon offered a great opportunity to test these criteria which were at the same time the fundamental elements taken into consideration when designing the Santa Clara University (SCU) solar house in 2007 [1]. In this research the SCU solar decathlon solar house energy and thermal performances were analyzed. The energy and thermal loads were modeled using EnergyPlus™ software which helps to perform detailed modeling of the energy and thermal performances of buildings. The conditioned space of the building consists of two rectangular shaped zones, the living room and the bedroom, which together are approximately 45ft along the east-west direction and 11ft wide. Wood framing with R-19 insulation, made from recycled jeans, was used for the walls. The roof and the floor are constructed of a bamboo wood frame with foam insulation. Daylighting was maximized through active windows (i.e. electro-chromic), energy efficient appliances were incorporated along with solar thermal air conditioning, heating and hot water. Performance parameters for the mechanical systems were developed from conventionally available technologies and the control set-points were based on DOE Solar Decathlon 2007 (SD07) guidelines [1]. The thermal energy design decisions for the house were based largely on a combination of the solar decathlon contest requirements and that technologies were sustainable and commercially available. The house was tested in Washington DC in October 2007 during the competition and performed excellently well ranking at the top in the following categories: energy balance, thermal comfort, and hot water. Data collected during the event provide the unique opportunity of validating the simulated energy and thermal performances of the house with weather file created from the real-time weather data. The created weather file is used to run new simulations of the SCU SD07 house, from these results we can assess the accuracy of the simulation program used. If accuracy is high enough, annual simulations are executed to demonstrate how the house would perform under extreme climatic conditions in different regions.

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Abd El-Aziz, Khalid M., Karim Hamza, Mohamed El Morsi, Ashraf O. Nassef, Sayed M. Metwalli et Kazuhiro Saitou. « Optimum Solar-Powered HDH Desalination System for Semi-Isolated Communities ». Dans ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12876.

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For semi-isolated communities, fresh water may be scarce; however, brackish water or seawater can be easily accessed. This provides a drive to develop optimum-cost desalination system for such communities. This paper presents the optimization of a water-heated solar-powered humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with variable saline water flow rate. The design variables include the sizing of solar collector, storage tank and its internal heat exchanger, humidifier and dehumidifier. A program was developed to predict performance based on selected weather data file and optimize the system for minimum unit cost of produced fresh water. System cost is predicted via different first-order estimators. A tailored optimization technique is used and compared to a genetic algorithm procedure in the design optimization for local climate and market. A case study develops an optimum desalination plant for the Red Sea near the city of Hurgada and compared to previously developed system.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Weather file"

Mason, Lisa. SPSS Data File - Data from Mental Health, Weather Extremes, and Race study. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, août 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/uxbqktg.

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Haines, Donald A., et John S. Frost. Fire-Weather Stations in the Northeastern United States. St. Paul, MN : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rn-346.

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Chen, Shyh-Chin, John Benoit, Jack Ritchie, Yunfei Zhang, Hann Ming Henry Juang, Ying-Ju Chen et Tom Rolinski. FireBuster—a web application for high-resolution fire weather modeling. Albany, CA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-264.

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Agee, James K. Fire and weather disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern Cascades. Portland, OR : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-320.

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Edwards, Lulu, William Carruth, Jeb Tingle et Isaac Howard. Rapid-setting flowable fill performance in cold weather for airfield damage repair. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), octobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/29531.

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Siirila-Woodburn, Erica, Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi, Juliane Mueller, P. Dennedy-Frank et Robinson Negron-Juarez. AI predicted shifts in watershed hydrodynamics driven by extreme weather and fire. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769660.

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Flint, A. L., et W. J. Davies. Meteorological data for water years 1988-94 from five weather stations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/548893.

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Aalto, Juha, et Ari Venäläinen, dir. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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LeGrand, Sandra, Christopher Polashenski, Theodore Letcher, Glenn Creighton, Steven Peckham et Jeffrey Cetola. The AFWA dust emission scheme for the GOCART aerosol model in WRF-Chem v3.8.1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41560.

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Airborne particles of mineral dust play a key role in Earth’s climate system and affect human activities around the globe. The numerical weather modeling community has undertaken considerable efforts to accurately forecast these dust emissions. Here, for the first time in the literature, we thoroughly describe and document the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) dust emission scheme for the Georgia Institute of Technology–Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol model within the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) and compare it to the other dust emission schemes available in WRF-Chem. The AFWA dust emission scheme addresses some shortcomings experienced by the earlier GOCART-WRF scheme. Improved model physics are designed to better handle emission of fine dust particles by representing saltation bombardment. WRF-Chem model performance with the AFWA scheme is evaluated against observations of dust emission in southwest Asia and compared to emissions predicted by the other schemes built into the WRF-Chem GOCART model. Results highlight the relative strengths of the available schemes, indicate the reasons for disagreement, and demonstrate the need for improved soil source data.

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