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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Women – Germany – Economic conditions »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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van Raalte, Alyson A., Sebastian Klüsener, Anna Oksuzyan, and Pavel Grigoriev. "Declining regional disparities in mortality in the context of persisting large inequalities in economic conditions: the case of Germany." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz265.

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Abstract Background Subnational regional mortality inequalities are large and appear to be mostly increasing within industrialized countries, although comparative studies across high-income countries are scarce. Germany is an important country to examine because it continues to experience considerable economic disparities between its federal states, in part resulting from its former division. Methods We analyse state-level mortality in Germany utilizing data from a newly constructed regional database based on the methodology of the Human Mortality Database. We compare time trends (1991–2015) i

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Frotveit, Maryna, and Shkodych Anna. "CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF MUSLIM FEMALE REFUGEES IN GERMANY." Skhid, no. 2(1) (April 30, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(1).230076.

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The article is devoted to the processes of Muslim women fleeing to Germany. In the article, the authors consider the Muslim women fleeing to Germany in conditions of increased conflict in their countries of origin as a separate type of refugees. An attempt has been made to characterize the psycho-social condition of refugee women who arrived in Germany and to determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The authors paid attention to what factors affect their involvement in society. Our study has proved that refugees are a separate component of German society because they direc

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Miller, Jennifer. "Her Fight is Your Fight: “Guest Worker” Labor Activism in the Early 1970s West Germany." International Labor and Working-Class History 84 (2013): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791300029x.

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AbstractWhen the postwar economic boom came to a crashing halt in early 1970s West Germany, foreign “guest workers,” often the first to be laid off, bore the brunt of high inflation, rising prices, declining growth rates, widespread unemployment, and social discontent. Following the economic downturn and the ensuing crisis of stagflation, workers' uprisings became increasingly common in West Germany. The summer of 1973 saw a sharp increase in workers' activism broadly, including a wave of “women's strikes.” However, historical attention to the role of foreign workers, especially of foreign fem

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Ruble, Alexandria N. "Creating Postfascist Families: Reforming Family Law and Gender Roles in Postwar East and West Germany." Central European History 53, no. 2 (2020): 414–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938920000175.

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ABSTRACTAfter 1945 both German states overturned longstanding laws and policies from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that designated women as second-class citizens in spousal rights, parental authority and marital property. From the early postwar years, female politicians and activists in the women's movement pursued in both Germanys reforms of the obsolete marriage and family law. The article compares how these women and mainly male legislators in both states envisioned the role of women in the family and in gender relations. It shows that these debates in the FRG and the GDR wer

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LEES, ANDREW. "Between anxiety and admiration: views of British cities in Germany, 1835–1914." Urban History 36, no. 1 (2009): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680800597x.

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ABSTRACTExamination of writings about British cities that appeared in Germany between the mid-1830s and 1914 runs counter to emphasis either on German anti-urbanism or on growing hostility among Germans to their neighbours across the North Sea. Although it takes into account strong disparagement of flaws and failings that had, in the view of critics, resulted from the chaotic nature of urban growth in Britain, it points to increasing recognition – particularly after mid-century – of efforts to ameliorate conditions about which critics had complained. Much of what was singled out for commendati

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Řezanková, Ivona. "Germany's Social Structures." Czech Journal of International Relations 29, no. 4 (1994): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1392.

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Reiner Geissler started working on his study entitled Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands already in 1989, i.e. before the unification of Germany. However, the radical changes in social reality that have taken place since then forced him to change his original concept. In his study, the author provides an analysis of the situation in Germany, which can also be a response to the changes there since 1989. He elaborates on the fundamental phenomena in the development of the social structure in the former Federal Republic of Germany and the former GDR on an empirical basis and indicates the perspectiv

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Lesch, Lara, Shannon Kerwin, Tim F. Thormann, and Pamela Wicker. "Critical Masses and Gender Diversity in Voluntary Sport Leadership: The Role of Economic and Social State-Level Factors." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106208.

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Gender equality in leadership positions is important for sport organizations to achieve economic and social sustainability. Based on a multi-level framework, this study examines spillover effects from economic and social state-level factors in sport organizations’ environment on critical masses of women on their boards (in terms of share and numbers) and board gender diversity (reflected by different types of boards). Data of national and regional sport governing bodies in Germany were collected (n = 930), with variables capturing organizational characteristics (e.g., board composition) and ec

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Pascher, Ute, Melanie Roski, and Brigitte Halbfas. "Entrepreneurial aspirations and start-up motives of women chemists in Germany." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7, no. 3 (2015): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-03-2013-0026.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to promote better understanding of different women entrepreneurs and self-employed women with regard to their educational level and field of study. Foremost, the aim is providing detailed knowledge about the phenomenon of women self-employed chemists in R & D sectors and throwing light not only on the single women but also on the general conditions they are working in and their opportunities to get ahead. Design/methodology/approach – The interdisciplinary research team followed an integrated research approach and combined qualitative with quantitativ

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Schumann, Nina, Christiane Bozoyan, and Claudia Schmiedeberg. "Economic hardship and intimate partner violence: An analysis of perpetrators in Germany." Journal of Family Research 35 (March 9, 2023): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-884.

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Objective: Based on the family stress model, we examine whether respondents are more likely to perpetrate physical IPV when experiencing economic hardship and pressure. Background: Research has demonstrated an association of intimate partner violence (IPV) and economic factors. However, as the bulk of studies is limited to the female victim’s perspective, the picture remains incomplete; factors driving gender-specific effects and perpetration rates have thus far been overlooked. Method: Using data from a large sample of individuals from the German Family Panel pairfam, which covers the period

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Kraus, Elisabeth K., Lenore Sauer, and Laura Wenzel. "Together or apart? Spousal migration and reunification practices of recent refugees to Germany." Family migration processes in a comparative perspective 31, no. 3-2019 (2019): 303–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v31i3.04.

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This study examines migration and reunification processes among recent male and female refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany. Specifically, we analyse different types of spousal migration practices (joint arrival versus arriving alone) and the probability of reunification with the left-behind partner after one year of geographic separation, and to what extent this is shaped by socio-economic conditions, children, family networks, and the legal situation of married men and women. Using data from the first and second wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, collected in 2016

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Faust, Friederike, and Klara Nagel. "The Just Prison? Women’s Prison Reform and the Figure of the “Offender-as-Victim” in Germany." Studies in Social Justice 18, no. 2 (2024): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v18i2.4343.

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During the 1990s, the Berlin women’s prison was reformed to do justice to female inmates. This redesigning of space and programs was intended to meet women-specific conditions and needs. The present paper engages with this prison reform as transformation in the name of gender justice. Based on interviews with prison reformers, criminologists, and policymakers, as well as on the analysis of historical documents, we illuminate how a specific figure of the “criminalized woman” helps to translate the abstract notion of social justice into situated practice. From the 1970s onward, a new knowledge o

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Guimarães-Duarte, Ana, Lotta Buron, Natália Alves, Sarah Schmidt, Siddhant Singh, and Vanessa Beu. "Non-traditional students: German and Indian mature women in higher education." Andragoske studije, no. 2 (2023): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/andstud2302039g.

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Over the past decades, the number of non-traditional students attending higher education has grown worldwide. Governments and institutions encourage underrepresented students to enroll, often with two main goals: to boost national economic competitiveness and to enhance social inclusion in higher education for traditionally excluded groups, like older students. There is neither a policy nor academic consensus on what constitutes a mature student (O'Shea & Stone, 2011). In this study, we define mature women students as being 21 years or older when starting a bachelor's degree. The analysis

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Kamyshnykova, Evelina. "UKRAINIAN FORCED MIGRANTS’ INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET: GERMAN VS POLISH CASE." Three Seas Economic Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2024-5-11.

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The tsunami of forced migration caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 poses a significant challenge to the socio-economic systems of host European countries, in particular Germany and Poland, which are the two main destination countries for displaced Ukrainians. Despite relatively similar statistics on the number and demographic structure of Ukrainian forced immigrants, the two countries differ significantly in terms of the level of labour market integration of refugees, which is a key factor determining their social integration and economic outcomes. The purpose of this pa

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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, Jolanta Perek-Białas, Indre Genelyte, and Susanne Kelfve. "Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life–On the Gendered Risks for Old-Age Exclusion in Sweden and Poland." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.211.

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Abstract The labour market activity of older workers and their ability and disposition to maintain it depend on institutional conditions, age norms, labour demand and shifting overall economic conditions. The paper discusses exclusion and inequality in later working life from a European comparative perspective and emphasises shifts in late work and retirement patterns as well as later-life outcomes in Sweden and Poland. An emphasis is on changing institutional conditions on the national and branch level. Gendered risks for economic exclusion and later life precarity are stressed. Analyses for

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Vojcsik, M. Johanna. "A hadiipar női túlélői." Belvedere Meridionale 36, no. 4 (2024): 82–99. https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2024.4.6.

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This paper examines the forced labor of Hungarian Jewish women in the so called subcamp-system within the concentration camps in the National Socialist Germany. While the historical research in Hungary mainly focuses on the camps like Auschwitz or Mauthausen, the large system of the subcamps has received less attention, despite the fact the more hundreds of thousands of the Hungarian deportees were forced into labor in these sites, particularly for the German armament industry. This research explores the working and living conditions of female forced laborers in six subcamps, using survivor te

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Lišková, Kateřina, Natalia Jarska, Annina Gagyiova, José Luis Aguilar López-Barajas, and Šárka Caitlín Rábová. "Work, marriage and premature birth: the socio-medicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe." Medical History 67, no. 4 (2023): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.28.

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AbstractReproductive health in state socialism is usually viewed as an area in which the broader contexts of women’s lives were disregarded. Focusing on expert efforts to reduce premature births, we show that the social aspects of women’s lives received the most attention. In contrast to typical descriptions emphasising technological medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation, we show that expertise in early socialism was concerned with socio-medical causes of prematurity, particularly work and marriage. The interest in physical work in the 1950s evolved towards a focus on psychological factors

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Guangxiang, Zhang, and Su Ning. "Soviet Women and the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945): Towards a Historiographical Debate." Quaestio Rossica 13, no. 2 (2025): 436–58. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2025.2.976.

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The role of Soviet women in achieving the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War against Nazi Germany and its allies is a topic with a long historiographical tradition. In the latest studies carried out by both Russian historians (including late Soviet ones) and historians from other countries, this topic is considered in the mainstream of several major trends. One of them is related to the issues of economic history. Along with teenagers and elderly people, women became the most important labor resource during the war, massively replacing men of working age who went to the fro

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V. V., Novitskyi. "Political and legal mechanisms for the protection of human rights through the lens of the European Union countries." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-32.

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The author of the article, first of all, draws attention to the current problems of protection and protection of human rights, which unfortunately are traced within the territorial jurisdiction of the European Union. Such problem is quite well demonstrated by Berbel Koffler, as the Commissioner of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on human rights and humanitarian aid policy. Indeed, the Ombudsman of Germany has raised a number of deep dilemmas: violence against human rights defenders on the grounds of their professional activity, the relation of human rights institutions with p

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Guven, Cahit, and Rudy Saloumidis. "Life Satisfaction and Longevity: Longitudinal Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel." German Economic Review 15, no. 4 (2014): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12024.

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Abstract We investigate the relationship between life satisfaction and mortality using the German Socio-Economic Panel, which allows us to follow around 15,000 people for more than two decades. Seventeen per cent of the respondents surveyed in 1984 died between 1984 and 2007. After controlling for initial health conditions, we find that people’s life satisfaction at the beginning of the survey is deeply linked to their life expectancy: a ten per cent increase in life satisfaction is connected to a four per cent decline in the probability of death in the period studied. The relationship between

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Luhova, Viktoriia, Yuliia Sotnikova, Vladyslav Luhovyi, and Valerii Sotnikov. "The migration state of the working population in ukraine during the conditions of war." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 4 (2023): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-4-16.

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The article aims to study the modern features of the migration of the working population in Ukraine, which are caused by the war and crisis phenomena in the economy. The following main tasks were solved to achieve the goal: the theoretical aspects of labor migration were investigated; the state of migration of the able-bodied part of the population in Ukraine in modern crisis conditions was outlined and analyzed. Approaches to understanding the essence of the definition of "migration of the population", the identification and grouping of factors that influence the processes of migration, as we

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Maines, Rachel P. "Socks at War: American Hand Knitters and Military Footwear Production for the World Wars." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 37, no. 1 (2019): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2019-0005.

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Abstract In both World Wars, combatant nations, including the United States, Britain, and Germany, learned that inadequate or poorly-maintained footwear produced costly and preventable casualties from trench foot and frostbite. While provision of shoes and boots to troops were major issues in earlier conflicts, no nation before World War I had fully appreciated the significance of warm, dry, well-fitting socks to the effectiveness of soldiers in the field. The large numbers of trench foot casualties in World War I, especially among the French and British, convinced policymakers that this vital

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Gerlach, Iryna, and Olha Ryndzak. "Ukrainian Migration Crisis Caused by the War." Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 26, no. 2 (2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.2.2022.2.

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The open Russian military invasion of Ukraine supported by Belarus launched in February 2022 has changed the usual state of affairs and caused the economic, humanitarian, and migration crises. Several millions of Ukrainian people had to move to safer regions of the country, and a significant share of them (mostly women, children, and elderly people) have left abroad in search of safer living conditions, which has become the worst migration crisis since the World War II. Many Ukrainian citizens have been forced to move to Russia. Poland hosts the largest number of Ukrainian citizens among the E

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David, Matthias, Katrin Scherer, Wolfgang Henrich, and Jürgen Breckenkamp. "Does an Immigrant Background Affect the Indication, Incidence or Outcome of Emergency Cesarean Section? Results of the Prospective Data Collection of 111 Births." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 78, no. 02 (2018): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-100147.

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Abstract Objectives Does the incidence and/or indication(s) for emergency cesarean section differ if the pregnant woman has an immigrant background (IB)? Does a lack of language proficiency (communication problems) and a low acculturation level result in a longer decision-to-delivery interval (D-D interval)? Are neonates born to women with IB by emergency cesarean section in a poorer condition post delivery? Patient cohorts and method Standardized interviews were carried out before or immediately after delivery in three Berlin obstetric hospitals. Questions were asked about the sociodemographi

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Moskalyk, H. F., M. Y. Baranovska, and M. O. Bulach. "HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL-LEGAL RESEARCH OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE GENDER AS THE FACTOR OF THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE UKRAINIAN WOMAN." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 12 (December 21, 2017): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i12.119150.

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<strong>Topicality</strong>. Under the conditions of Ukraine’s integration into the European community, there is an urgent need to restructure all social institutions, freeing them from all forms of discrimination, including on the basis of gender. Modern problems of the state's socioeconomic development require a new look at the functional roles of men and women, as well as the understanding that the political, economic, cultural future of society depends on overcoming gender stereotypes that are deeply rooted in the social and individual consciousness and inhibit social progress, a

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Kolyada, Natalia, and Roman Panchenko. "EU SOCIAL POLICY ON THE INTEGRATION OF DISPLACED PERSONS FROM UKRAINE INTO THE LABOR MARKET." Social work and social education, no. 1(14) (April 29, 2025): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.1(14).2025.331708.

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The integration of Ukrainian refugees into the European Union’s labor market is one of the most pressing challenges for EU social policy. Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, millions of Ukrainians sought refuge in EU member states, necessitating urgent policy measures to ensure their social protection and employment opportunities. This study explores the legal and economic dimensions of their integration, analyzing both EU-wide regulations and country-specific responses. One of the key legal instruments facilitating this process is Directive 2001 / 55 / EC, which grants tempo

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Knöchelmann, Anja, Nico Seifert, Sebastian Günther, Irene Moor, and Matthias Richter. "Income and housing satisfaction and their association with self-rated health in different life stages. A fixed effects analysis using a German panel study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (2020): e034294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034294.

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ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the effect of income and housing satisfaction on self-rated health in different life stages.DesignA population-based panel study (German Socio-Economic Panel).ParticipantsThe final sample consisted of 384 280 observations from 50 004 persons covering the period between 1994 and 2016.Outcome measuresAverage marginal effects were calculated based on fixed effects regressions to obtain the effect of changes in income and housing satisfaction on changes in self-rated health for each year of age. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point scale, with higher values in

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Prsa, Anita. "The bodily ambiguity of social reproduction: Navigating body work in migrant eldercare." Sociologija 64, no. 4 (2022): 584–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2204584p.

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The aim of this paper is to show the systematic relevance of corporeal features of care by drawing upon the experiences of Croatian eldercare workers employed in Austrian and German households through a live-in programme which has recently become a common way of employment for the women coming from the impoverished regions of Europe. Even when eldercare is discussed in the context of growing migration flows, its daily performance and somatic components have rarely been taken seriously enough and productively linked to the global movements. Therefore, the caregivers? experiences are analysed he

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Rashidpouraie, Roya, Mohammad Nader Sharifi, and Mina Rashidpouraei. "Abortion Laws and Regulations in Iran and European Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 23, no. 5 (2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.23.cov.6394.1.

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Background and Aim: Abortion has always posed challenges in the areas of ethics, law, religion, philosophy, and reproductive health. Some countries have had different approaches to abortion at different times. Today, abortion is a major challenge in Iran. Social developments and increasing level of health literacy, awareness and participation of women in social and economic fields have led to incompatibility of theoretical and practical aspects in these areas. Women sometimes have abortions without attention to the national law. In Iran, the reasons for legal abortion are the life-threatening

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Sarker, Fatema, Thomas Daum, and Regina Birner. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutritious Food in Livestock Farming Communities in Bangladesh: Does Women's Empowerment Make a Difference?" Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.036.

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Abstract Objectives The study's specific objective is to assess differences in food allocation among the household members by age and gender in livestock farming communities and identify the determinants of existing differences. In addition, investigating the association between women's empowerment in livestock rearing and the intrahousehold food allocation pattern is the second objective of the present study. Methods The study uses a mixed-method approach. A quantitative survey with 275 households collects information about the socioeconomic status of the households and the amount of nutritio

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Imideeva, I. "EMIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF MONGOLIA: QUESTIONS AND ANALYSIS." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 27, no. 8 (2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-8-111-123.

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The work examines the processes of emigration of Mongolian citizens and their problems, including the author studied and analyzed the reasons for emigration. It should be noted that not so many decades have passed since the Mongols began to freely travel abroad, and therefore the relevance of the study carried out is to study the emigration process of Mongolian citizens and find out the nature of the reasons for the departure of citizens to other countries. The analysis of the emigration of the population was facilitated by various reasons, such as environmental, political, economic, social, c

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Kolevinskienė, Žydronė. "Women’s Literature in Emigration in 1950–1990: the Issue of the Canon." Knygotyra 74 (July 9, 2020): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2020.74.50.

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The article was inspired by the World Congress of Lithuanian Writers held in Vilnius, in May 2019, during which the literary canon was discussed – not only in Lithuania, but abroad as well: what determines the entry of some books into the school canon, their assessment with literary prizes, various nominations, and why other books remain less noticed by readers and / or literary critics. The theme of this article was further highlighted by the heated debate on the elections of the Book of the Year that took place throughout the autumn (and is still ongoing). Various top five, top ten, top twel

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Perk, Godelinde Gertrude. "In Loving Memory? Indecent Forgetting of the Dead in Continental Sister-Books and Julian of Norwich’s Revelation of Love." Religions 14, no. 7 (2023): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070922.

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Medieval nuns and anchorites (recluses) were spiritually and economically bound to pray for the dead, no matter their feelings towards the departed, who frequently appear to them in visions. This article charts medieval enclosed women’s attempts to intervene in this economy by forgetting souls. Staging a generative conversation between medieval women’s writings and Marcella Althaus-Reid’s (1952–2009) ‘indecent theology’ (queer liberation theology), this essay scrutinizes medieval female-authored texts for indecent forgetting (socially and economically disruptive forgetting). It juxtaposes a Mi

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Matulionienė, Elena. "Prototypes and Change of the Ornamental Motifs Decorating the Textile Pockets from the Lithuania Minor." Tautosakos darbai 57 (June 1, 2019): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.2019.28430.

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The historical attire of women from the Lithuania Minor (Klaipėda Region) has a characteristic practical detail: a textile pocket tied at the waist, which functionally corresponds to the modern handbag or pocket. Such textile pockets are called delmonai (pl.) and are usually decorated with colorful ornaments. The purpose of this article is introducing the prototypes of the ornamental motifs in terms of intercultural comparison, employing the visual materials collected by the author and historically formed intercultural contacts. While introducing her hypothesis of possible long-term influences

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Imideeva, Irina V. "EMPLOYMENT OF MONGOLIAN CITIZENS IN OUTSIDE COUNTRIES: STATUS AND REASONS." Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, no. 105-106 (2021): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2021-105-106-04.

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This article examines the processes of emigration of Mongolian citizens and their problems, including during a pandemic. Research and analysis were carried out in relation to the choice of the country of permanent or temporary residence, gender and age ratio, reasons for emigration, and living conditions. Today the trend is as follows, including during a pandemic, thousands of people move from one country to another and from one region to another, changing cities and places of residence for the sake of well-being, decent wages, in search of better living conditions. However, personal safety, t

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Bosak, Vasyl. "The Criminal World of Lviv During the First World War (June 1915 – December 1916)." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 76 (2025): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2025.76.06.

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This article examines the criminogenic situation in Lviv during the German-Austro-Hungarian occupation (June 1915 – December 1916). The war, as a catalyst for social processes, exacerbated the problem of crime due to economic instability, the influx of refugees, and the weakening of control by the authorities. The research is based on the analysis of materials from Lviv periodicals («Kurjer Lwowski», «Dilo») and archival documents of the State Archive of Lviv Region. Various types of crimes that occurred during the period under study were analyzed, including: property, economic, violent crimes

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Matteucci, Stefano Civitarese, and Giorgio Repetto. "The expressive function of human dignity: A pragmatic approach to social rights claims." European Journal of Social Security 23, no. 2 (2021): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262721994122.

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In this article, we appraise an idea of human dignity (HD) as pragmatically oriented to support social rights claims. By analysing the role of dignitarian arguments in the constitutional-like case law of four European jurisdictions (France, the UK, Italy and Germany), we demonstrate that caution prevails about the possibility of using HD in each of these countries as an ultimate yardstick for upholding social policies. Such findings challenge the assumption that one can grasp HD as a legal notion through a foundational approach. In our view, neither HD reflects any natural or social essence of

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Riaz, Muhammad Nouman, Zunaira Farooq, Muhammad Umar Butt, Urba Rafi, and Wang Jing. "Why is Commercial Surrogacy Banned Worldwide? A Complete Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56045.

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Commercial surrogacy mainly occurs in underdeveloped nations, and when local women carry children for affluent foreigners, commercial surrogacy is a controversial issue in feminist literature. Surrogacy is a contentious topic, primarily when prominent celebrities have utilized it. Particular surrogate moms experience complications by assisted reproduction techniques; Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and psychological stress are the primary ones. It benefits couples unable to conceive normally but may also be exploited for profit. In December 2018, the Indian Government app

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Rattinger, Hans. "Images of economic conditions in West Germany." European Journal of Political Economy 1, no. 3 (1985): 359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(85)80022-7.

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Sinnewe, Elisabeth, Michael Kortt, and Todd Steen. "Religion and earnings: evidence from Germany." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 8 (2016): 841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2014-0172.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the association between religious affiliation and the rate of return to human capital for German men and women. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs data from the 1997, 2003, 2007 and 2011 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel for German men and women in full-time employment between the age of 25 and 54. The association between religious affiliation and wages was estimated using a conventional human capital model. Findings – This paper finds that Catholic men (women) received a wage premium of 4 per cent (3 per cent) relative to

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Lindgren, Erika Lauren. "Searching for Women in the Records of Women: Two Examples from the South German Dominicans." Church History and Religious Culture 88, no. 4 (2008): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124108x426745.

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AbstractThe thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries saw surprising growth in the female branch of the Dominican Order in the south of Germany and broad support of these women across both gender and socio-economic lines. The records of Unterlinden in Colmar, France, and Adelhausen near Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany, show women involved in the foundation, support and daily life of these communities. It was especially in the foundation of these houses that we see such women, often widows, many of whom eventually joined the religious communities they had patronized.

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Haupt, Andreas. "The Long Road to Economic Independence of German Women, 1973 to 2011." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311881874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118818740.

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Over the past few decades, women’s educational attainment and subsequent labor market participation have increased substantially in Germany. In comparison with these well-studied trends, little is known about changes in women’s contributions to couples’ joint income that may be associated with them. To address this question, the author provides a visualization of changes in the distribution of women’s income contributions in Germany from 1973 to 2011.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela, and Valerie Martin. "Economic conditions of stepfamilies from a cross-national perspective." Journal of Family Research 23, no. 2 (2011): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-204.

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This paper investigates the economic conditions of stepfamilies in Germany, the Russian Federation and France using data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). The analysis shows that stepfamilies more often report economic hardship than nuclear families in France and Western Germany. Socio-demographic differences between family types – particularly the fact that stepfamilies tend to be larger families – explain the differences in economic well-being between families in France. For Western Germany, differences between nuclear and stepfamilies remain after controlling f

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Quack, S., and F. Maier. "From State Socialism to Market Economy—Women's Employment in East Germany." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 8 (1994): 1257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261257.

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The transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market economy involves a wide-ranging redistribution of paid employment, income, and individual opportunities. Men and women in the former East Germany (GDR)—who before reunification had equal roles of participation in paid labour—have been affected in different ways by the restructuring of the East German economy. Women are now more often unemployed, and for longer periods, and face greater difficulties in finding a job. In order to explain these differences between men and women, the authors investigate the economic, social, and polit

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Uebelmesser, Silke. "To Go or Not to Go: Emigration from Germany." German Economic Review 7, no. 2 (2006): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2006.00153.x.

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Abstract This study analyses the qualitative aspects of emigration from Germany, taking account of economic and non-economic reasons. The reported willingness to emigrate from Germany in the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) is explained for men and women by three groups of variables: individual characteristics, household characteristics and regional characteristics. It transpires that the educational background and West German residency positively affect the willingness to emigrate, whereas German nationality, age and the family situation are mostly negatively correlated with it.

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Zhou, Shengxiang. "Investment and Economic Situation Analysis of Germany." Learning & Education 10, no. 3 (2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2408.

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This article starts with the Preliminary Information of German investment and economic conditions, and then studies the financial markets at all levels in Germany, as well as government-ed fiscal issues, analyzes the German economic status through foreign debt, IMF programs and various indicators, and then introduces the status of German economic reforms. And the im pact of the international situation on the German economy, and then through risk analysis, the development of the German economy and investment can be obtained.

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Imhof, Arthur E. "Possible consequences of increasing life expectancy in Brazil: the perspective of a European historical demographer." Revista de Saúde Pública 21, no. 5 (1987): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101987000500010.

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Those over sixty years of age accounted for 6.6% of the total population of Brazil in 1985, in the Federal Republic of Germany this proportion was 20.3% in 1984. As early as 1950 it had been 14.5%. This proportion will not even be reached in Brazil in the year 2000 when persons aged sixty years and older are only projected to make up 8.8% of the total population. Similarly, in 1982/84 life expectancy at birth in the Federal Republic was 70.8 years for men and 77.5 for women; in Brazil the figures for 1980/85 were, by contrast, "only" 61.0 and 66.0. Against this background it is easy to underst

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Simon, György. "Germany and the European economy." Medjunarodni problemi 63, no. 1 (2011): 52–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1101052s.

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Germany has traditionally been the powerhouse of the European economy and integration. In this article, an attempt is made to put its economic development in a European context by comparing it with the achievements of the total group of more developed members of the European Union, the EU-15, prior to the current global crisis. The author applies both the methods of statistical analysis and models of mathematical economics to show the combined influence of growth mechanism regularities, economic policy and international economic relations on the long-term development of the German and European

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Singh, Ujagar. "Changing socio-economic conditions and rural women." Social Change 20, no. 2 (1990): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719900207.

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Yeung, Shirley, and David Chui. "Commitment for sustainable development and UN initiatives - returns and performance shown." Corporate Ownership and Control 15 (2017): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1c2p5.

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The purpose of this paper is to reflect the commitment of organizations in ESR reporting and explore ways to integrate ISO 26000 CSR Guidelines, ESG Reporting, and UN Sustainable Development Goals for innovations in CSR performance, focusing participation of women in the workforce and CSR training provided to employees. Based on quantitative ESG data* from Bloomberg database on the selected organizations’ qualitative information of China and Germany that are signatory member of UN Global Compact, it is observed that when comparing China and Germany, Germany in general has a higher ESG disclosu

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Rodyaeva, S. N., and Y. I. Kozlovskaya. "Economic vocabulary of contemporary German." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 1, no. 2 (2007): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69801.

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The paper reveals the need for a deeper understanding of contemporary economic German vocabulary. This requirement is caused by the need of Russian specialists in the German language acquisition in a special field of communication in conditions of social market economy of modern Germany.

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