Articles de revues : « Zarma language »

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Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier. "The Survival of the God Name Šarruma in Cilician Names in the Greek Sources." Altorientalische Forschungen 46, no. 2 (2019): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0010.

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Abstract This paper studies some Cilician names attested in Greek sources that contain the element ζαρμα-. The two main interpretative hypotheses – a connection to Luwian zalma-, or a connection to the god name Šarruma/Šarma- – are critically analysed. The conclusion reached is that while the ambiguity of ζαρμα- cannot be resolved, it is highly likely that both -sarma and -zarma really existed as different elements in the formation of personal names in Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian. There was probably a tendency towards confusion between -sarma and -zarma, caused by phonological proximity and semantic crossing of certain names.

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Hassane, Moulaye. "Qur'anic Exegesis in Niger: A Songhay-Zarma Oral Commentary on Sūrat al-Baqara." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15, no. 3 (2013): 184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2013.0117.

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The city of Saayi (Say), Niger has played an important role in the regional development of Islam from the early nineteenth century onwards. This paper traces its history and the biography of the founder, using the available written and oral sources, while also describing its role as a contemporary religious centre. The Qur'an is commented on in local languages both in the context of traditional advanced religious education and in Ramaḍān. The intellectual sources, language and ritual dimensions of enunciation of these oral commentaries are analysed, as are the ceremonies specific to Ramaḍān. Although Say was founded by Fulfulde-speaking scholars, reflecting the general cultural and social evolution of the city and its area, for the past 50 years, the Qur'an commentary in the Friday mosque has been given in Songhay-Zarma. While these commentaries are essentially based on recognised Arabic ones, their language makes some reference to the images and concepts of local Songhay-Zarma culture. The linguistic features and substantive content of Songhay-Zarma oral tafsīr are illustrated by two excerpts, each presenting several verses of Sūrat al-Baqara: one is drawn from a full tafsīr collected in Say in 1968, at the initiative of the well-known statesman and man of letters Boubou Hama; the other was collected in the Zarma country in 1905–6.

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Waheed Ayisa Jayeola. "Definiteness in the Zarma determiner phrase." Legon Journal of the Humanities 30, no. 2 (2019): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v30i2.7.

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Adjectives in definite Determiner Phrases of Zarma, a Nilo-Saharan language trigger an additional (suffixed/base-merged) lexical determiner; in the event of adjectives modifying nouns, definite determiners can occur with either the nouns or the adjectives or both. In all of these cases, no different readings obtain. Structured interviews were conducted with Zarma native speakers to collect the data for this study. I analyse the phenomenon as a case of definite determiner doubling which does not bear on any form of agreement relations. I further suggest that definite determiner and its subsets – numeral, demonstrative, and quantifier do not overlap. However, each of these can occur alongside adjectives within the DP. Consequently, I consider the adjective as an exponent of the adjunct category. Based on Abney’s DP-Hypothesis and the restrictive theory of the Minimalist Program, the paper argues that the asymmetry in the surface realizations of elements/constituents within the Zarma DP is the effect of movement.

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Muhammad, Abubakar. "On Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance: A Case Study of Zarma of Sokoto State of Nigeria." International Journal of Linguistics 6, no. 5 (2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v6i5.5984.

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Singy, Pascal. "Le français au Niger: pratiques déclarées et représentations." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 15 (April 9, 2022): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2004.1629.

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Deux raisons au moins militent en faveur de la présence dans ce volume d'un chapitre consacré au français. La première, évidente, tient dans le fait que même s'il fait encore clairement figure de « visitor language » – pour reprendre l'éclairante expression d'Efurosibina ADEGBIJA (1994 : 66), le français constitue aujourd'hui l'unique langue officielle de la République du Niger. Dans ces conditions, on comprendrait mal qu'une étude sociolinguistique conduite à large échelle sur le sol nigérien ne s'arrête pas sur certaines des conséquences attitudinales qu'entraîne un tel état de fait. La seconde raison tient au rapport particulier que le français entretient avec certaines des langues locales, rapport dont les effets de véhicularisation - caractéristique majeure du paysage linguistique africain (NICOLAÏ, 2001 : 399) - qui lui sont associés ont toutes chances de peser sur le devenir des Nigériens. Ainsi, l'observation montre qu'en divers points de l'espace nigérien (c'est le cas notamment dans les agglomérations de Niamey, de Maradi et de Tillabéri), le hausa et/ou le songhay-zarma permettent la communication entre des locuteurs qui ne l'ont pas tous pour langue première (CALVET, 1996 : 452). De ce point de vue, assurant une fonction véhiculaire dans certaines circonstances, ils s'opposent ici aux autres idiomes en présence qui, eux, se limitent! à permettre la communication intra-ethnique. Attendu la véhicularité que confère - de jure serait-on tenté de dire - au français son statut de langue de l'Etat, on peut donc poser l'existence dans certaines régions du Niger d'une diglossie véhiculaire (CALVET, 1996).

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Abdoulaye, Mahamane L., and Salimata Abdoulrazikou. "Non-verbal predications in Zarma." Linguistik Online 127, no. 3 (2024): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.127.11086.

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This article presents new findings in the use of copulas nôo ‘be’ and ti ‘be’ in non-verbal predications in Zarma (Songhay; Niger, Nigeria). Based on some exclusive contexts of use and some morphosyntactic criteria, the article distinguishes a basic type of predication with one term “NP + nôo” used in deictic identification (e. g.: Abdù nôo ‘it’s Abdu’) and a type of predication with two terms “NP1 + NP2 + nôo” used in nominal predications and equative sentences (e. g.: wodìn Abdù nôo ‘that is Abdu’). The article shows that copula ti replaces copula nôo in negation but also in non-verbal focus constructions where it is generally preceded by the subordinating conjunction kà/gà and very likely marks the presupposed part of the sentence (e. g.: [Muusà nôo] kà ti càwkŏo ‘[it’s Musa] who is a student’). Finally, the article shows that in Zarma, it is the one-term predication “NP + nôo” that is recruited to mark focus-fronted constituents of verbal and non-verbal predications, thus confirming an observation already made about other languages.

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Kajeej, Omar Abdullah. "غَ رَ بَ طَ نَ ظَ و هَو زا رَ يَا نَاقدٌ نَقده لَقصيدة "َبحق رَب اَلورىَ" لَلشعر اَلحاج عَمر اَ لَ كَ بَ وَي أَنموذجا". Yandoto Academic Journal of Arabic Language and Literature 6, № 01 (2022): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/yajoall.2022.v06i01.003.

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This research in title “Garba Dantsoho Zaria, is Critic his scrutinising the poetry of Alh. Umar Al-Kabawai named "for the sake of mankind’s creator" as model ". The paper intended to highlight the contributions of Garba Dantsoho Zaria, toward the development of Arabic literature and criticism in Nigerian Arabic Literature. The research contained the biography of the author (Critic) Garba Dantsoho Zaria, his struggle for seeking the Arabic language and Islamic studies, his compositions toward the development of Arabic language literature and criticism in the fill of Nigerian Arabic Education, at the end the paper explains the preferment and structure of his book, called the presentation, analysis, and the criticism of the Alh. Umar Al-kabawai poets, finally the conclusion, summary, and recommendations were been given.

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Abu-Irmies, Amani Juma, and Rajai Rasheed Al-Khanji. "The Role of Social Media in Maintaining Minority Languages: A Case Study of Chechen Language in Jordan." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 1 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i1.14286.

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This study investigates factors motivating the Chechen people in Jordan to use their indigenous language in social media such as WhatsApp and Facebook. It also explores their attitudes towards using the Chechen language in social media. In order to achieve the aims of this study, the researchers have selected a sample that consists of 340 Chechen people who reside in the Jordanian cities and towns: Al-Suknah, Sweileh and Az zarqa. The instruments of the study were a sociolinguistic questionnaire and an open-ended interview. The findings reveal that Chechens use social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp to preserve the Chechen language and their culture. Also, Chechens of Jordan use their ethnic language to communicate with their friends who understand the Chechen language. Besides, the Chechen language has been used in whatsApp and Facebook to promote unity among family members. Moreover, many Chechen people use social media to communicate with other Chechen speakers regardless of familial ties. Results also indicate that Chechens of Jordan have a high positive attitude towards including the Chechen language in social media.

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Ordu, Stanley, and Blessing Jackson Igrubia Peculiar. "Pragmatic Analysis of Elechi Amadi’s Two Poems: Nsukka and Harmattan in Zaria." Journal of Humanities,Music and Dance, no. 34 (June 15, 2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jhmd.34.12.21.

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This research used literary work as the object of research. The literary works analyzed in this research are two poems by Elech Amadi entitled Nsukka and Harmattan in Zaria. The aim of this research is to show the interpretation of language, culture and natural world. while revealing the meaning through language features in the poems. It applied a descriptive method in its analysis. It used multi-modal critical pragmatics as the theory that guided it. The results of the study revealed that the poet used language in describing the natural world and its beauty

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Džemić, Kemal, and Ramiz Tiganj. "Identity marks in the poetic worlds of Zaim Azemović and Faiz Softić." Univerzitetska misao - casopis za nauku, kulturu i umjetnost, Novi Pazar, no. 19 (2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univmis2019127d.

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The paper deals with the poetic features of Zaim Azemović (1935 - 2015) i Faiz Softić (1958), the contemporary Sandžak poets, writers, publicists, essayists, critiques and researchers of folklore who have given the original poetic discourse to Sandzak-Bosniak and the entire Bosniak literature with their works, whereby enriching these literary traditions with new thematic-motive material and peculiar language expression. Zaim and Faiz shaped their artistic worlds with classic methodological acts, but also with modernistic literary and artistic techniques. Using the interpretative approach, in this paper we comparatively observe their most significant poetic accomplishments, basing the research on the hypothesis that identity mark significantly influenced the poetics of these two notable Sandžak poets. The richness and diversity of the opus of these two Sandžak and Bosniak poets, visible influences they left and are leaving on the contemporary literary messengers, and the esthetic qualities of their creativity, are the main incentive for choosing the authors and the corpus of works that are the subject of our research.

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Silva, Edna C. "Braund, Susanna; Torlone, Zara Martirosova (Ed.). Virgil and his Translators. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018, 544 p." Cadernos de Tradução 41, no. 1 (2021): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2021.e73521.

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Mallam, Ibrahim. "Colonial Destruction of Extractive and Manufacturing Industries, and the Spirit of Trade and Commerce in Southern Kaduna-Nigeria, 1900-1960." NIU Journal of Humanities 8, no. 4 (2023): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujhu.v8i4.1728.

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Southern Kaduna refers to all the non-Hausa-Fulani autochthonous language groups in Kaduna State of Nigeria. They do not form a geo-political entity, but a social and geo-cultural one. In spatial terms, the region covers the geo-linguistic and cultural entity of that was commonly referred to as Southern Zaria or Southern Division or “Pagan Division” of Zaria Province, with parts of former Bauchi, Niger, Nasarawa and Plateau Provinces. Southern Kaduna is not a geo-political expression; but the culture-complex sub-region, which together with Jos Plateau and the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, form the heartland of Nigeria. Southern Kaduna is situated within the central high plains of Central Nigeria and is located between Hausa land and the Niger/Benue Valley. It is located between Longitude 70 45' 20"N to 80 30' 15"N and Latitude 90 01' 34"E to 100 57' 30"E

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Orrego, Liliana Galindo. "Immersive Critique in Lucrecia Martel's Zama." Hispanic Review 91, no. 2 (2023): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hir.2023.0013.

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Al-Soufi, Waleed Ayyad. "The Effect of English Access Microscholarship Program on Developing Speaking Skill From Graduate Students’ Perspectives at the King Abdallah II for Excellence School in Zarqa-Jordan." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 4 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i4.18774.

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The primary concern of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of English Access Microscholarship Program on developing the English Language Speaking Skill from the perspective of graduate students at the King Abdallah II for Excellence in Zarqa in the academic years from 2016 to 2020. The study also examined if Access Program encourages and motivates EFL learners to improve their speaking skills. In this study, the researcher designed a questionnaire consisting (40) items measuring students` perspectives towards the effect of Access program in improving their speaking ability. The subjects of the research were 60 homogenous students aged 14 to 19. Students consisting three classes; FY14, FY15 and FY16 respectively. Each class had 20 students studying at King Abdallah II for Excellence School in the Directorate of Education in Zarqa, Jordan. The results revealed that the overall degree of the students’ perspectives towards the effect of access program was high in improving their speaking skill and improved the participants` speaking skill. Moreover, the findings revealed that there were no statistically significant differences among students in their perspectives towards the effect of access program on developing their speaking skill. Finally, the researcher recommended that further studies should be conducted to measure the impact of access program in developing the four language skills (Listening, speaking, reading and writing).

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Alruzzi, Kamal Ahmad, Kamariah Yunus, Munthir M. Habib, Ala Eddin Sadeq, and Marwan Harb Alqaryouti. "Investigating the Impact of Obstacles on English Speaking Score." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 11 (2022): 2446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1211.27.

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In the past decades, English language is considered the most popular spoken language worldwide. English for second language learners aims to develop speaking skill abilities and it is a challenging task. This study aims to investigate the perceived obstacles on the English-speaking score of Zarqa University (ZU) students majoring in English language and literature through the impact of various factors on the speaking score. This study adopts a quantitative method using a survey. Therefore, a questionnaire is designed to understand the students’ perception of the factors that may have an impact on the speaking score. A sample of (147) students, for whom English is a foreign language, from ZU from different nationalities are selected. The results indicate that academic and conversational English skill has a significant impact on the speaking score. However, linguistic obstacles, speech processing difficulties, speaking confidence, and access to speaking opportunities do not have significant impact on speaking score. This study provides insights to the academic institutes to focus on the improvement of their curricula and academic plans to further enhance the English speaking skill as second language learners.

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García Castillero, Carlos. "Hitita šakkar / zakkar ‘excrementum’, zama(n)kur ‘barba’ y similares." Emerita 72, no. 1 (2004): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2004.v72.i1.77.

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Ibtsam Husain Muhamed Al-khresha, Ibtsam Husain Muhamed Al-khresha. "The Effect of Storytelling on Teaching Language Skills (Speaking, Listening and Fluency) among Second-Grade Students in Jordan: فاعلية الحكاية في تحسين مهارات (الاستماع والتحدث والطلاقة اللغوية) لدى طلبة الصف الثاني الأساسي في الأردن". مجلة العلوم التربوية و النفسية 6, № 11 (2022): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.c300821.

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The current study aimed to identify the impact of storytelling on teaching language skills (speaking, listening and fluency) among second-grade students in Jordan, and to reveal the significance of the differences in the role of storytelling in teaching language skills (speaking, listening and fluency) among second-grade students in Jordan for the gender variable. In order to achieve, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (21) items divided into three areas (speaking, listening, language fluency), and the study sample consisted of (88) male and female students from the second grade of primary school in Zarqa Governorate schools, they were chosen by the intentional method, from Two divisions, one experimental and the other control. The study concluded that there is an effect of storytelling on teaching language skills (speaking, listening and fluency) among second-grade students, and it was found that there were no differences in the effect of storytelling on teaching language skills (speaking, listening and fluency) due to the gender variable, and the study recommended the need to direct those in charge of language education. Arabic by including the storytelling method in teaching methods and curricula, and the necessity of training first-grade teachers to use storytelling in teaching Arabic language skills.

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JD, Williams, Ishaya I, Victor S, Stephen M, Yusuf S. Sanda, and Okpalaonwuka CT. "EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR CORRELATION OF CLEARNESS INDEX WITH CLOUD INDEX AT ZARIA, KADUNA STATE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.011.

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In this study, the monthly average daily values of global solar radiation and relative sunshine hours on a horizontal surface over a period of five years (2011-2015) using multi-linear polynomial form of the AngstromPrescott model have been developed to estimate global solar radiation for Zaria (northern part of Nigeria) which lies on latitude 11°04'N and longitude 7o 42' E. Five different mathematical correlations models (first order, second order, exponential, powered, and logarithmic) was considered and it was found that first order, second order polynomials, exponential and powered gives a good model for estimating total solar radiation in Zaria. The agreement between the measured values (that obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency) and the computed values is remarkable and the models are recommended for Zaria

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Esipova, Valeriya A. "The Seminarskaya Zarya Student Magazine: An Experience of Typological Analysis by Indirect Data." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 60 (August 1, 2019): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/60/15.

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Laka Guenaga, Iker Ioseba. "La forma pasiva de *ditza + u > ditu." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 89 (April 30, 2002): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv89.4.

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Se intenta aportar pruebas del presente primitivo de Izan y su posterior participación en la formación del presente del auxiliar transitivo *Edun en forma pasiva. Se propone que D-I - de D-I-ra y D-I-tu es la misma característica de paciente de tercera plural por haber perdido D-I-ra (o más exactamente su anterior *D-I-tza) la -A- que sigue al pronombre personal como en nAiz, gAra, zAra, y por presentarse D-I-tu con la misma “irregularidad”. Por tanto, la teórica *Ditza de Izan más la radical U de *Edun, es decir, *Ditza + U ha producido DItu.

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Shdefat, Nabeel. "The Reality of English Language Teachers Use of Educational Aids and Techniques in Teaching English in the Second Zarqa Education Directorate from Their Point of View." Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies 26, no. 2 (2023): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35875/1105-026-002-004.

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Background & Statement of the problem: The importance of educational technologies is that they allow students to increase their experiences, by diversifying these experiences. They also allow them to think, watch, and understand, and the difficulties facing the use of technologies must be overcome. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the degree of English language teachers’ use of educational means and techniques in teaching English in the Second Zarqa Education Directorate from their point of view, and to reveal the obstacles they face in using educational means and techniques. Methods: The researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the study sample consisted of (166) male and female teachers, the researcher used a questionnaire consisting of (23) items divided into two areas: (the use of educational means and techniques by English language teachers, the difficulties faced by English language teachers in the use educational means and techniques) as a study tool. Methods: The researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the study sample consisted of (166) male and female teachers, the researcher used a questionnaire consisting of (23) items divided into two areas: (the use of educational means and techniques by English language teachers, the difficulties faced by English language teachers in the use educational means and techniques) as a study tool. Conclusions (Recommendations and contributions): The researcher recommended the need to encourage English language teachers to use modern teaching techniques.

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Escallón, Byron Vélez. "Sertões, desertões, páramos: Rosa, Di Benedetto, Rulfo." Alea: Estudos Neolatinos 21, no. 3 (2019): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-106x/2019213167184.

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Resumen Este artículo piensa alternativas de conversación latinoamericana a partir de las escrituras de Guimarães Rosa, Antonio Di Benedetto y Juan Rulfo. Específicamente, se abordan los modos en que Zama (1956), Pedro Páramo (1955) y “Páramo” (1968) portan y escriben la catástrofe en el marco de la Guerra Fría. Adicionalmente, se problematizan los protocolos de lectura que hasta el momento han permitido, o no, la aproximación entre los autores y textos estudiados.

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Tatar Anđelić, Jasmina. "ZARKA THE DALMATIAN AND MELITZA THE MONTENEGRIN, UNUSUAL FIGURES OF LEOPOLD VON SACHER-MASOCH’S IMAGINATION - BETWEEN MASOCHIAN HEROINES AND ROMANTIC STEREOTYPES." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 45 (2023): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.45.2023.18.

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Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, a German-language writer, was a great star of French literary life. The famous Revue des deux mondes devoted considerable space to him by publishing ten short stories entitled Slavic Women (Femmes slaves) in the period from 1889 to 1891. Sacher-Masoch emphasized that French was hissecond mother tongue, and some sourcesindicate that he wrote and published his texts directly in French. We propose to analyze Zarka the Dalmatian from the short story of the same name and Melitza the Montenegrin from the short story “A Day in Gatzko” (La journée de Gatzko), two female characters from the literary world of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, presenting at the same time the atypical traits and stereotypes of the panoply of Slavic women placed at the center of the Masochian imagination. . Zarka and Melitza mix submission and intimate revolt in an oppressive environment for women; they integrate into it and keep their individualism while accepting and playing their model social and family roles. Leopold von Sacher-Masoch does not deprive them of the eroticism or romantic stereotypes specific to histime, while granting them a physical and moral finesse which protectsthem from the humiliations or violent and passionate reactions of their northern Slavic sisters. Neither of the two short stories contains masochistic elements as such, but they represent an essential contribution to the knowledge of Montenegrin and Dalmatian society of the 19th century,so close to each other and so distant to the visitorsto the Parisian salons which constitute the privileged audience of Leopold von Sacher Masoch. Despite partially substantiated criticisms of its colonial exoticism, Sacher-Masoch's study of Slavic women opens interesting avenues for feminist literary criticism.

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Bunting, Annie. "“Authentic Sharia” as Cause and Cure for Women’s Human Rights Violations in Northern Nigeria." Hawwa 9, no. 1-2 (2011): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x578485.

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AbstractBy analysing the proposals contained in the report, “Promoting Women’s Rights Through Sharia in Northern Nigeria,” which was published by the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in Zaria in 2005, this paper explores the complexities and consequences of a rights strategy grounded in “an authentic understanding of Sharia.” The paper argues that this strategy may further constrain the discourses of debate for Muslim women in northern Nigeria. It also discusses how the strategy privatizes responsibility for poverty eradication, and how it ignores competing languages of social change, including Nigerian and international women’s rights.

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Alkhazaleh, Mahmoud, and Akram Albasheer. "The Degree to Which the Questions of the Books for Grades Four to Seven are Based on the Language Integration Standards." Journal of Educational and Social Research 14, no. 4 (2024): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2024-0097.

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The goal of this study is to determine the extent to which the questions in the Arabic language books for grades four to seven take into account linguistic integration criteria from the perspective of the Arabic language teachers in Zarqa city. The researchers reviewed the educational literature concerning the textbook's language integration standards, questions, and evaluation. The research tool (the degree of taking into account linguistic integration questionnaire) was created by the researchers and included the following linguistic integration criteria: vertical integration, horizontal integration, organization, and social aspect. (344) male and female teachers of Arabic were chosen randomly, in the second semester of the academic year 2022/2023 AD, making up (98%) of the study population. The results of the study showed that the degree to which the books of Arabic language book questions for grades four through seven taking into account the linguistic integration criteria was moderate in the books of: Communication Skills, Grammar, and the results did not show that there were statistically significant differences at (?= 0.05) due to the effect of the class in all fields and the total score in the degree to which the questions of Arabic language books (Communication Skills and Grammar) for grades four to seven take into account the language integration standards. The researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions in light of the results of the study. Received: 19 March 2024 / Accepted: 29 June 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024

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Anka, Shafaatu Muhammad. "The Use of Online English Language Learning Platforms by Undergraduate Students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 3, no. 01 (2024): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i01.020.

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The status of the English language in Nigeria has made it the most widely used language. People of various backgrounds aspire to speak the language and become competent in it. With technological advancement, which led to the social media invention, various means of teaching the English language are made available on different platforms. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the online English language learning platforms by undergraduate students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau. Three objectives were formulated to guide this study. These are, to find out the students’ awareness of the vast online platforms for learning the English Language, to find out the aspect of the English language the students have an interest in studying and to determine the benefit of engagement in the chosen aspect. Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovation theory was adopted as the theoretical framework- The population of the study consists of 1,417 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-affiliated undergraduate students of various fields of study. Purposive sampling was used to select level two English language students. Focus group discussion was used for data collection and thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The finding is by Roger's (2003) Diffusion of Innovation theory which emphasises that “getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages, is difficult” Hence, the availability of more user satisfaction, compatibility, simplicity, triability, and observability make the Innovation-Diffusion process faster. Therefore, the present study concludes that the use of these vast materials by the students is very low. However, the participants who employ its use agreed on its enormous benefits and have tagged it as a priority.

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Aladwan, Maziad. "The Effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) In Speech and Comprehension of Four Concepts of Fruits." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2023): 2375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.2850.

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The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on speech production and comprehension of four concepts of fruits. The study sample consist of 20 children with autism level 1 as indicated by DSM-5 the study conducted in different special education centers in Jordan – zarqa. Pecs program was applied to. train the children to pick up some fruits by names pre- program assessment and post program evaluation for the performance of the children was done. The result of data analysis showed differences in the Means of children performance pre- program (M= 1.43 ,with StdDev=0.283 ) post program ( M=2.75 with Std. Dev=0.273) that the programe has appositive effect on the children development in language acquisition.

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Smith, Paul Julian. "Screenings." Film Quarterly 72, no. 4 (2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2019.72.4.74.

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FQ Columnist Paul Julian Smith discusses the Mexican limited series, Malinche, which tracks the Spanish conquest of Mexico and destruction of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire from the perspective of the conquistador Hernán Cortés's interpreter, the indigenous woman Malinche. He explains how the series differs from other televisual accounts of the conquest of Mexico in both its emphasis on the domestic lives of women and its use of multiple indigenous languages. He concludes by comparing the series to a recent film about the colonial experience by another Latin American female director—Zama by Lucrecia Martel.

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Salihu, Jamilu Ja’afar, and I. D. Abubakar. "EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL FIELD TRIPS ON SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA." Education, Sustainability And Society 3, no. 2 (2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ess.02.2020.41.44.

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The study examined the Effects of Educational Field Trips on Social Studies Students’ Academic Achievement in Junior Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The design of the study was the non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group type of quasi experiment. The population of the study consisted of junior secondary school students in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State, Nigeria numbering 26,322. Also, 120 students were purposively sampled from JSSII in the following schools: Government Junior Secondary School Tudun-Jukun, Zaria, Government Junior Secondary School, Awai, Government Junior Secondary School, Aba and Government Junior Secondary School Muchiya, Sabon-Gari. The data collection instrument was Social Studies Achievement Test (SOSAT). The content and construct validity was ascertained by experts in Social Studies, language and test and measurement. The reliability coefficient index power of the instrument stood at 0.81 determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The data analysis tools were mean and standard deviation used in answering the question posed while t-test independent samples was used in testing the null hypothesis postulated at 0.05 alpha. The study found that there exist significant difference between the mean academic achievement scores of students taught Social Studies using educational field trip (experimental) and those who were taught with lecture method (control). In the light of the foregoing, the study recommended that teachers in the Kaduna State should be encouraged to adopt educational field trip in teaching Social Studies in order to enhance students’ academic achievement.

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Studies, Kurdish. "Book Reviews." Kurdish Studies 6, no. 1 (2018): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v6i1.438.

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Khanna Omarkhali, The Yezidi Religious Textual Tradition: From Oral to Written. Categories, Transmission, Scripturalisation and Canonisation of the Yezidi Oral Religious Texts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2017, 625 pp. (ISBN 9783447108560).Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey, Ludwig Paul, and Geoffrey Haig, The Gorani Language of Gawraǰū, a Village of West Iran: Texts, Grammar, and Lexicon, 2012, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 276 pp., (ISBN: 9783895008559).Mahmoudveysi, Parvin, and Denise Bailey. The Gorani Language of Zarda, a Village of West Iran: Texts, Grammar, and Lexicon, 2013, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 240 pp., (ISBN: 9783895009525).David Gaunt, Naures Atto, and Soner O. Barthoma, Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide against the Assyrian, Syriac and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire, New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017, 274 pp., (ISBN: 97817853349869).Ahmed Fawaz, Opportunity, Identity, and Resources in Ethnic Mobilization: The Iraqi Kurds and the Abkhaz of Georgia, Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017, 229 pp., (ISBN: 9781498534000).Michael M. Gunter (ed.), Kurdish Issues: Essays in Honor of Robert Olson, 2016, Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishing, (ISBN: 9781568593104).

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Mayer, María Eugenia. "Don Quijote y el Oidor de México: desencuentro de caballeros." Anales Cervantinos 41 (December 30, 2009): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/anacervantinos.2009.008.

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La primera aventura de don Quijote, el combate con el vizcaíno, y la última, en que conoce al Oidor, versan sobre «caballeros» que parten a Indias. La antítesis de don Quijote es el leguleyo que zarpa a la audiencia de Nueva España, tipo del caballero que medra durante la privacía de Lerma, a vuelta del XVI. Escucha «casos» y hace «negocios». Con él pasan a América el inesperado novio de su hija, heredero de un título, y la «historia» del «humor extraño» del manchego, transmitida por el cura que halla manuscritos anónimos. El cauto proceder del Oidor contrasta con las abiertas proclamas de don Quijote: una clave para que los habitantes del imperio leyeran el Quijote en el contexto bicostero España/Indias.

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Khoury, J. "Zarqa' al-Yamama in the Modern Arabic Poetry, A Comparative Reading." Journal of Semitic Studies 53, no. 2 (2008): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgn006.

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Hopkins, David. "Virgil and his Translators, edited by Susanna Braund and Zara Martirosova Torlone." Translation and Literature 28, no. 2-3 (2019): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2019.0390.

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Toichkina, Alexandra V. "N.N. Strakhov, the journal Zarya and F.M. Dostoevsky’s works at the end of the 1860s." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 3 (2021): 479–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.304.

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The article examines the significance of Nikolai Strakhov and the journal Zarya for Fyodor Dostoevsky’s works at the end of the 1860s, in particular, for the poetics of the story The Eternal Husband. Strakhov’s well-known review of Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace and the range of his writings on problems of psychology is analyzed in the article. The context of Strakhov’s works allow us to investigate the specifics of the mechanism for creating the image of an “eternal husband” in the writer’s story (the problem of the “predatory” and “meek” types) and consider the features of Dostoevsky’s psychological realism through the prism of Strakhov’s scientific developments, which have not yet been updated in Dostoevsky studies. Analysis of the poetics of dreams and the problem of will in the context of Strakhov’s objectively idealistic approach allows us to interpret them in accordance with the author’s modality of Dostoevsky’s creative laboratory. The study revealed the multidimensional character of the “eternal husband” type realized by Dostoevsky in the image of the Trusotsky type, which includes the typological features of the cuckold, the underground man and the dreamer. The conducted research makes it possible, at the present stage, to fill in the gaps that exist in the source study base of Dostoevsky studies.

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Huwari, Ibrahim Fathi, Abdallah Hammad Jaber Alhammaideh, Marwan Harb Alqaryouti, Radzuwan Ab Rashid, Kamal Ahmad Alruzzi, and Ala Eddin Sadeq. "Demotivation Factors for Learning English (Students' Perspectives)." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 14, no. 4 (2023): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1404.20.

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Demotivation is a topic that has lately received a lot of attention in the field of language acquisition. There is a shortage of research in Jordan that investigates demotivating variables impacting learning English among Jordanian undergraduate students. As a result, the purpose of this research is to look at the elements that influence Jordanian undergraduate students' acquisition of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Sakai and Kikuchi (2009). The survey comprised 35 questions on a five Point likert scale about six demotivation factors: class characteristics, teacher attitude, course contents and teaching materials, effects of poor grades, classroom atmosphere, and lack of self-confidence and interest. This study's sample included 110 undergraduate students from the faculty of arts at Zarqa University in Jordan. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data showed that classroom environment is the most demotivating elements impacting Jordanian undergraduate students' EFL learning, while lack of self-confidence and interest were the least demotivating factors. As a result, further research into this topic is strongly suggested in order to acquire a better knowledge and deeper insights into this issue in order to aid ESL/EFL learners in learning English.

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Scramim, Susana. "Um lugar mais originário que o espaço: Josely Vianna Baptista e Lucrecia Martel." Alea: Estudos Neolatinos 23, no. 1 (2021): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-106x/20212314767.

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Resumo Nas histórias literárias do Ocidente, a ideia de natureza foi vinculada ao problema do pertencimento. As questões relativas ao espaço originário se desdobram em outras demandas para a crítica literária. Em gestos que tentam encenar questões do pertencimento-não pertencimento ao espaço, os trabalhos de Josely Vianna Baptista e Lucrecia Martel estabelecem “lugares” para “situar” as relações entre voz e linguagem/ natureza e escrita. Seus efeitos são esvaziados de finalidade e, com isso, deixam ver uma segunda natureza dependente de um novo tipo de copertencimento dado por novas relações ontológicas derivadas de outros usos do ato de nomear. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os modos pelos quais essa disposição se materializa no poema-vídeo Nada está fora do lugar de Josely V. Baptista e no longa-metragem Zama de Lucrecia Martel.

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TERNA-ABAH, Martha Nguemo. "Slang as a Means of Exclusion From In-Group Communication of Selected Undergraduates of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria." Nile Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v2i2.70.

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This paper examines the use of slang as a means of excluding those outside the social circle(s) of selected undergraduates of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria from their in-group communication. The paper begins by looking at how users of language manipulate it to meet their communication needs leading to the evolution of several varieties which apart from meeting these needs, also become a form of identity for such users. Thereafter, the paper examines English slang as one of such varieties from its initially restricted use to its prevalence among Nigerian undergraduates in general and those of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in particular while also appraising its various definitions put forward by some linguists. In addition, the paper discusses its methodology especially the three research instruments (involving questionnaires, spontaneous interviews and non-participatory observation) used for data collection from randomly selected undergraduates of the institution across four faculties namely: Faculty of Arts, Education, Engineering and Social Sciences. Drawing from the data obtained through the aforementioned instruments and its subsequent analysis, the paper discusses the findings which proved that slang is a veritable tool among the target population who do not only use it as a powerful means of communication and identity enhancement but also, as a way of shutting out those whom they do not want to be part of their in-group communication. The findings also showed that, those who were mostly excluded from the in-group communication of the subjects of this study through the use of coded slang words were lecturers, invigilators and female students. The paper concludes that, slang as used by the subjects of the study is not just a symbol of identity, but a potent tool that empowers them to either open the door to ‘outsiders’ to partake of their communication or shut it against them through the use of special slang words.

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Pardo, Pedro Javier. "La traza cervantina en los libros de caballerías ingleses: Moriomachia (1613) y Don Zara del Fogo (1656)." Anales Cervantinos 54 (December 20, 2022): 373–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/anacervantinos.2022.015.

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Este artículo se ocupa de dos obras inglesas del siglo XVII, Moriomachia y Don Zara del Fogo, que, pese a mostrar de manera ostensible la huella del Quijote y haber sido mencionadas de pasada en algún trabajo sobre la presencia de Cervantes en las letras inglesas, no han sido sometidas al escrutinio cervantino hasta ahora. Tal escrutinio exige, en primer lugar, su contextualización en el marco de la recepción inglesa de los libros de caballerías hispánicos, que incluye traducciones, imitaciones y parodias. En segundo lugar, este trabajo las analiza dentro de esta última categoría, más específicamente como romances burlescos, para así distinguirlos de los anti-romances quijotescos que la parodia cervantina también inspiró. Con esta distinción en mente, el artículo finalmente configura un corpus de obras inglesas anticaballerescas que permiten extraer algunas conclusiones de interés sobre la recepción del Quijote en Gran Bretaña.

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Rumpf, Lorenz. "Scipio und Hannibal vor Zama: Beobachtungen zur Struktur historischer Urteile und Vergleiche bei Livius und Polybios." Hermes 134, no. 2 (2006): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/hermes-2006-0014.

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Dorcas, Ikani Ugbede, Folayan Ope, and Hudu Muhammad Ibrahim. "ROLE OF STAFF CAPACITY BUILDING IN IMPROVING JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG STAFF OF NATIONAL COLLEGE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY, ZARIA." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 04, no. 02 (2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2022.4202.

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Staff capacity development entails the training of staff of an organization relevant training intended to improve the overall productivity of that organization and job performance of the trainees. The study determined the role of staff capacity building on job performance of staff of the National College of Aviation Technology, Zaria (NCAT). Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire from 113 staff of NCAT and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using likert-type scale, frequencies and percentages. The result indicated that 77.9% of the sampled staff are male and also reasonable number (92%) attended post-secondary education. About 41% are youth within the age bracket of 15- 30 years. Staff affirmed that capacity building and staff development improves their job performance and aid in the overall upkeep of their institution mandate. Politicking of training (50%), training inconsistencies (21.2%) and late release of fund (15.9%) were the major challenges affecting the conduct of training. The study recommended mandated trainings attendance before promotion, development of standard protocols for determining the organization training needs, concentrate on staff development and shun politicking of trainings as measures to improve conduct of training in NCAT.

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El-Khateeb, Moh`d Ibrahim. "Professional Training Needs for In-Service Archaic Language Teachers in the Second Stage of Basic Education at Zarqa Governorate in Jordan." Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 07, no. 04 (2006): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/070402.

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Botha, Maricel. "Four female Khoisan language translators across three centuries of Cape history: a morphogenetic analysis." Journal for Translation Studies in Africa 4 (2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/jtsa.4.6896.

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Female translators are highly atypical in South African colonial history. Yet four important female translators appear on the scene who, interestingly, all translated or interpreted into or from Khoesan languages. Therefore, apart from their marginalised position as women, these translators are also linked to marginalised languages. These translators are Krotoa, a Khoe interpreter employed by colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck, Zara Schmelen, a Nama mission assistant and Bible translator, and Lucy Lloyd and Dorothea Bleek, so-called Bushman researchers and relatives of the famous philologist Wilhelm Bleek. This article is interested in the ways in which the work of these early female translators expressed social conditioning and in the characteristics of their agency within a restrictive social space. The hindering and enabling factors involved in these women’s practice of translation and interpreting is analysed and particular attention is paid to the ideological characteristics of their work. In the analysis of the social characteristics of translation, Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach is employed. Archer’s approach involves an investigation of structure, culture and agency and the ways in which these contribute to cycles of social change (morphogenesis) or maintenance (morphostasis). With regard to agency, the analysis is guided by Archer’s terms primary agency (which results from social rank), corporate agency (which results from social organisation) and social actorship (which results from the unification of personal identity with social roles). The research finds that chance and male sanctioning were present in these women’s involvement in translation, but that a strong exercise of agency was present which was personally motivated. Agency involved no organisation, however, and neither sought nor achieved social change. Yet, three of the four translators were able to achieve social actorship, whereby their role as translators was successfully united with their personal identity.

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Botha, Maricel. "Four female Khoesan language translators across three centuries of Cape history: A morphogenetic analysis." Journal for Translation Studies in Africa 4 (February 27, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/jtsa.v4i.6896.

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Female translators are highly atypical in South African colonial history. Yet four important female translators appear on the scene who, interestingly, all translated or interpreted into or from Khoesan languages. Therefore, apart from their marginalised position as women, these translators are also linked to marginalised languages. These translators are Krotoa, a Khoe interpreter employed by colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck, Zara Schmelen, a Nama mission assistant and Bible translator, and Lucy Lloyd and Dorothea Bleek, so-called Bushman researchers and relatives of the famous philologist Wilhelm Bleek. This article is interested in the ways in which the work of these early female translators expressed social conditioning and in the characteristics of their agency within a restrictive social space. The hindering and enabling factors involved in these women’s practice of translation and interpreting is analysed and particular attention is paid to the ideological characteristics of their work. In the analysis of the social characteristics of translation, Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach is employed. Archer’s approach involves an investigation of structure, culture and agency and the ways in which these contribute to cycles of social change (morphogenesis) or maintenance (morphostasis). With regard to agency, the analysis is guided by Archer’s terms primary agency (which results from social rank), corporate agency (which results from social organisation) and social actorship (which results from the unification of personal identity with social roles). The research finds that chance and male sanctioning were present in these women’s involvement in translation, but that a strong exercise of agency was present which was personally motivated. Agency involved no organisation, however, and neither sought nor achieved social change. Yet, three of the four translators were able to achieve social actorship, whereby their role as translators was successfully united with their personal identity.

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Ahmed, Altaf, Dr Mufti Muhammad Sahibdad, and Sajjad Ahmed. "The issue of spelling errors in the books of Atraf ul Hadith Study of the book "al'afrad Walgharayib" By Imam Al-Daraqutni as a model." Al Khadim Research journal of Islamic culture and Civilization 2, no. 3 (2021): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/arjicc.v2.03(21)a5.65-86.

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Arabic language is a very sensitive in a sense that a change in a letter or Harkat( Fath, Zamma and Kasra) can cause a huge difference in the meaning. If such errors occur in books of Atraf, it can cause multiple difficulties in reaching the exact Hadith. The book Al Garaib wal Afraad is no exception. There are many spelling mistakes in this book and there can be many reasons of it. The book consists of 6400 Afrad Ahadith; I have just conducted research from Musnad Muaaz Bin Jabl, Hadith number 4284 to 4592 around 308 Ahadith. From these Ahadith, I encountered 18 such Ahadith where such errors can be found. This research paper contains an introduction, three chapters and the conclusion. The first chapter deals with a short introduction of the book Al Garaib wal Afraad; while the second chapter presents a brief introduction of life of Imam Dar Qutni. The third chapter presents examples of spelling errors from the book. In conclusion, outcomes of the research have been provided. The research is a descriptive and empirical in its nature as it will give evidences from the book

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Ababneh, Imad Abedalkareem. "Intertextuality of selected Arabic and Western literary works." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 13, no. 2 (2024): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5019.v13i2.5034.

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This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the literary-cultural impact of Arabic literature on Western literature. This research focuses on three literary comparisons taken from works that belong to Arabic and Western literature by means of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target textual data. The study chooses to address the following items: the Spanish play by Lope de Vega (1562-1635), La Doncella Teodor which has a similar Arabic version among the Arab tales of the Arabian Nights, the literary influence of the story of Zarqa al-Yamamah on Shakespeare’s play Macbeth and the literary mirroring of the Arabic story of Solomon and the Angel of Death onto Marquez’s novel Flee to Samarra by unveiling the aspects of the literary impact of each Arabic literary item. The study illustrates elements of intertextuality and functionality that close the gap between text and culture on each spectrum as well as between the Occident and the Orient by looking at the degree of similarity between these stories. This study contributes to offering insights into the literary intertextuality between Arabic literature and Western literature (Spanish and English) while also sheds light on the cross-cultural perceptions between the two forms of literature by examining the textual, cultural and psychological aspects of each extract compared with each other.

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Abba, Mohammed,, Modu-Kagu, H.A, Balami, S.I,, Hickson S, and Raji, A.O. "Foetal Wastage and Disease Prevalence among Slaughtered Livestock at Zaria Abattoir." Arid-zone Journal of Basic & Applied Research 1, no. 5 (2022): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607.4151.

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This study was conducted to determine foetal wastage and disease prevalence among slaughtered livestock (cattle, camels, sheep and goats) in Zaria Abattoir as affected by species and season. These losses pose a great threat to the future population of Nigerian livestock. Records from the year 2009 to 2012 were collected from the management of Zaria Abattoir. The record includes; the number of animals slaughtered monthly, monthly foetal losses, disease incidence and organs infected and the most predominant disease found among slaughtered animals. A total of 4,675 female animals were slaughtered in the Abattoir, with a total of 339 foetuses recovered in 2012. Statistically, there is no significant difference (P>0.05) between species, however, there is statistical significance (P<0.05) of the season on the diseases prevalent. The highest number of foetal wastage was observed in the month of July with 42% and February had the lowest value of 17%. Fascioliasis had the highest mean value of disease prevalence (63.13%) and mastitis had the lowest mean value (0.06%).The wet season (31.36%) recorded the highest occurrence of foetal wastage than the dry season (12.84%). To achieve high production and have a sustainable livestock industry capable of meeting the nutritional demands of Nigerians, remedial measures have to be taken to stop the liquidation of pregnant female animals through the slaughtering of pregnant animals. It is, therefore, recommended that ante-mortem inspection should be conducted to identify pregnant and diseased animals before slaughter.

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Al-Tarawneh, Alalddin. "Young Immigrants Acting as Interpreters and Communication Facilitators." Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 1 (2023): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6607.

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This investigation delves into the position of youthful migrants who step up as interpreters in their linguistically eclectic surroundings to help their parents navigate life. The focus is on the Gypsy minority located in Jordan, known for being disregarded by authorities in their response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The research seeks to gather information through a qualitative examination that institutes an ethnographic approach. The interviewees were 63 youngsters aged between 11-17 years old who provided profound insights during the semi-structured interviews. Gypsies, who live in tents on the outskirts of Zarqa, were the participants of the study. The study aims to show that Gypsies possess an oral tradition and face challenges in communicating with authorities. Additionally, the study aims to highlight the critical role that young immigrants play in improving the lives of their elders. Amidst the results, it surfaced that the Jordanian Gypsies were often disregarded. This is primarily due to the fact that their language, Domari, is not one that the country's translation services accommodate. Furthermore, the community's lack of education and high rates of adult illiteracy meant that the younger generation, who have received mandatory schooling, had to step in as intermediaries between the Gypsies and authority figures.

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Harneit-Sievers, Axel, and Ursula Truper. "Die Hottentottin: Das Kurze Leben der Zara Schmelen (ca. 1793-1831), Missionsgehilfin Und Sprachpionierin In Sudafrika [The Hottentot Woman: The Short Life of Zara Schmelen (c.1793-1831), Mission Assistant and Language Pioneer in South Africa]." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097508.

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Erdkamp, Paul. "Late-annalistic Battle Scenes in Livy." Mnemosyne 59, no. 4 (2006): 525–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852506778881049.

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AbstractLivy's books 21-44 contain roughly ninety battles, about half of which are mentioned only briefly, though usually including figures on casualties, captives and booty. Livy's full-scale narratives show differences in style, nature and content, including technical matters like the terminology used for units of the Roman army. Comparison between Livy's and Polybius' narratives on the battles of Cynoscephalae, the Great Plain and Zama show that Livy closely adhered to the terminology of his sources. Differences in terminology therefore reflect Livy's use of different sources. One set of Livian battle scenes is characterised by the numbering of legions and by details concerning allied units. Various elements indicate a late-annalistic origin for these battle narratives, identified here as Valerius Antias. Battle narratives of this type are limited to particular periods and regions: Italy during the Second Punic War; Spain and Gaul from the end of the Second Punic War onwards. This shows that Livy decided on this particular source for these particular theatres of war. Outside these parts of his account, Livy briefly summarised the battle narratives he found in his predecessor's work.

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Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Ali Goni Adam, Jamila Abdulkadir Abubakar, Aliyu Umar Faruk, Halimat Suraj Garuba, and Nyayekonung Bege Francis. "The Role of National Farmers Helps Line in Agricultural Information Dissemination Among Crop Farmers in Nigeria: A Case Study of Farmers Help Line Centre, NAERLS ABU Zaria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.8s.

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The study examined the role of national farmers helpline in agricultural information dissemination among crop farmers in Nigeria, with the specific objectives to identify the various sources of information on agricultural practices available to the farmers and identify the various information disseminated to the farmers from the National Farmers Helpline. One Thousand farmers were randomly selected from the farmers who frequently call the Helpline Centre from the database of NAERLS across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria; to source the required information. Some of the crop farmers were contacted through phone calls, SMS, and social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp while some were through administration of questionnaires and face to face discussion. Data sourced were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage for analysis and were presented in tables and charts. The findings reveal that the Farmers Help Line Centre, NEARLS supply farmers around the country with all the necessary information on cultural practices, access to improved seed varieties, fertilizer and application, pest and disease management practices, weed management practices, marketing strategies, post-harvest activities, management of farm tools and machineries and also information on Government policies on agriculture. It is recommended that stakeholders of National Farmers Help Line ensure the sustainability of its services by including other Nigerian languages to have a larger coverage and not limiting spoken languages to only the major Nigerian languages (English, Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo and Nigerian pidgin); and also extend their services to West African countries and other parts of the globe at large. Key words: Agriculture, information, dissemination and crop farmers

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