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Tesi sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Burton, Russell J. "Mild acid hydrolysis of wood." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27345.

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2

Peña, Duque Leidy Eugenia. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for biomass hydrolysis." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16800.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering<br>Donghai Wang<br>Cellulosic ethanol is a renewable source of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex material composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Biomass pretreatment is a required step to make sugar polymers liable to hydrolysis. Mineral acids are commonly used for biomass pretreatment. Using acid catalysts that can be recovered and reused could make the process economically more attractive. The overall goal of this dissertation is the development of a recyclable nanocatalyst for the hydrol

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3

Dolmetsch, Troy R. "Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalysis of Cellulose Hydrolysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/413.

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Renewable sources such as cellulose derived biofuels are sought after in order to replace fossil fuel sources that are currently used to meet energy demands. Cellulose is a biological polymer composed of a chain of glucose molecules. Hydrolysis of cellulosic materials then has potential to serve as a source of renewable energy in the form of biofuels. The crystalline structure of cellulose is very stable, and current methods of catalyzed hydrolysis are inefficient for industrial application. This project explores the use of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) in water to catalyze hydrolysis of microcr

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4

Kupiainen, L. (Laura). "Dilute acid catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose – extension to formic acid." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200033.

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Abstract New methods are being sought for the production of chemicals, fuels and energy from renewable biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be converted to their building blocks, i.e. sugars, via hydrolysis. This thesis is focused on glucose production from cellulose by dilute acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis has the drawback of limited glucose yields, but it has the potential to become a short-term solution for biochemical production. During acid hydrolysis, the cellulose chain is split into glucose, which und

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5

Orozco, Angela Maria. "Dilute acid hydrolysis of municipal solid waste using phosphoric acid." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501392.

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6

Hartley, James Holroyd. "Saccharide accelerated hydrolysis of boronic acid imines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369335.

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7

Peña, Duque Leidy E. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2201.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering<br>Donghai Wang<br>Acid catalysts have been successfully used for pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to improve sugar recovery and its later conversion to ethanol. However, use of acid requires a considerable equipment investment as well as disposal of residues. Acid-functionalized nanoparticles were synthesized for pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to increase conversion efficiency at mild conditions. Advantages of using acid-functionalized metal nanoparticles are not only the acidic properties to

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8

Pena, Duque Leidy E. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2201.

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9

Gimat, Alice. "Comprehension of cellulose depolymerisation mechanisms induced by iron ions." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066579/document.

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La dégradation du papier par les encres ferrogalliques (EFG) est un défi pour la conservation du patrimoine écrit. Ces encres, composées d'un mélange de sulfate de fer (II), de tannins et de gomme Arabique, sont acides et riches en fer. Par conséquent, les mécanismes de dégradation des manuscrits par les EFG proposés dans la littérature combinent souvent hydrolyse acide et oxydation radicalaire catalysée par le fer, celle-ci impliquant la formation de radicaux HO? par réaction de Fenton. Le mécanisme prédominant reste cependant une question encore ouverte, qui est au c¿ur de ce travail. Dans u

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10

Yusoff, M. I. "The acid-catalysed hydrolysis of some mesoionic heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234173.

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11

Patel, Manisha. "Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and acid hydrolysis residues." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19567/.

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This research was carried for an EC supported project that aimed to produce ethyl levulinate as a diesel miscible biofuel from biomass by acid hydrolysis. The objective of this research was to explore thermal conversion technologies to recover further diesel miscible biofuels and/or other valuable products from the remaining solid acid hydrolysis residues (AHR). AHR consists of mainly lignin and humins and contains up to 80% of the original energy in the biomass. Fast pyrolysis and pyrolytic gasification of this low volatile content AHR was unsuccessful. However, successful air gasification of

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12

O'Dell, Jacob Webb. "An analysis of dendritic cooperativity in protein hydrolysis." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/odell/ODellJ0805.pdf.

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13

Houde, R. L. "Canola phytate : enzymatic hydrolysis and nitrogen-phytate relationships." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63918.

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14

Brown, Christopher John. "Efficient intramolecular general acid catalysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272266.

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15

Molipane, Ntaoleng Patricia. "Sulphate reduction utilizing hydrolysis of complex carbon sources." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004060.

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Due to environmental pollution caused by acid mine drainage (AMD), the Department of Water Affairs has developed a National Water Bill for managing and controlling the water environment to prevent AMD pollution. The application of sulphate reducing bacteria have been demonstrated for the treatment of AMD. However, the scale-up application of this technology ultimately depends on the cost and availability of a carbon source. This study evaluated the use of sewage sludge to provide a carbon source for sulphate reduction in synthetic drainage wastewaters. The demonstration of this process in a la

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16

Tiwari, Vijay, Derek Stuffle, and Aruna Kilaru. "Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases Mediate N-Acylethanolamine Hydrolysis in Tomato." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4842.

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N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a diverse family of signaling lipids that occur in eukaryotes and their presence is specific to developmental stage and tissue type. In plants, NAEs with an acyl chain ranging from C12 to C18 are common with NAE 18:2 generally being the most abundant type, particularly in desiccated seeds. In Arabidopsis, NAEs negatively regulate growth and mediate stress responses via abscisic acid-dependent and -independent signaling pathway. The function of NAEs is terminated by a highly conserved fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Because of the significant role NAEs were sho

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17

Gimat, Alice. "Comprehension of cellulose depolymerisation mechanisms induced by iron ions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066579.pdf.

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La dégradation du papier par les encres ferrogalliques (EFG) est un défi pour la conservation du patrimoine écrit. Ces encres, composées d'un mélange de sulfate de fer (II), de tannins et de gomme Arabique, sont acides et riches en fer. Par conséquent, les mécanismes de dégradation des manuscrits par les EFG proposés dans la littérature combinent souvent hydrolyse acide et oxydation radicalaire catalysée par le fer, celle-ci impliquant la formation de radicaux HO? par réaction de Fenton. Le mécanisme prédominant reste cependant une question encore ouverte, qui est au c¿ur de ce travail. Dans u

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18

Einbu, Aslak. "Characterisation of Chitin and a Study of its Acid-Catalysed Hydrolysis." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1566.

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19

Pieda, Doreen Cecilia. "Acid and base catalysed aqueous hydrolysis of the organophosphorus pesticide, diazinon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59396.pdf.

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20

Swatkoski, Stephen James. "Integration of ASP-specific microwave-accelerated acid hydrolysis into proteomic analyses." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7252.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Chemistry. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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21

Moreira, Cesar M. "Steam hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion of biodegradable (polylactic acid) packaging waste." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025168.

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22

Li, Yan. "Studies on Cellulose Hydrolysis and Hemicellulose Monosaccharide Degradation in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31151.

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Given the volatile, generally high price of crude oil, as well as environmental concerns associated with its use as a fuel, development of alternative energy sources is currently of considerable interest. Lignocellulose-derived energy has the potential to supplant traditional fossil fuels in the future because of its economic and environmental advantages. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and renewable. Lignocellulose is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which can be converted by acid hydrolysis to simple sugars used in fermentation to produce biofuels. In this stud

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23

Wang, Xue. "Feasibility of glucose recovery from municipal sewage sludges as feedstocks using acid hydrolysis." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1337.

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24

Cortes, Benitez Ana. "Thermal processing of miscanthus, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane trash and their acid hydrolysis residues." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/25492/.

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The research presented in this thesis was developed as part of DIBANET, an EC funded project aiming to develop an energetically self-sustainable process for the production of diesel miscible biofuels (i.e. ethyl levulinate) via acid hydrolysis of selected biomass feedstocks. Three thermal conversion technologies, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, were evaluated in the present work with the aim of recovering the energy stored in the acid hydrolysis solid residue (AHR). Mainly consisting of lignin and humins, the AHR can contain up to 80% of the energy in the original feedstock. Pyrolysis

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25

Greenwood, Ava A. "Mathematical modelling of the dilute acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93372/1/Ava_Greenwood_Thesis.pdf.

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Dilute acid pretreatment is a process that is used to enhance ethanol yields in biofuel manufacturing by removing hemicelluloses from plant biomass. This thesis presents a new mathematical model of dilute acid pretreatment that can be used to predict hemicellulose yield profiles at the laboratory scale and inform further investigations at the industrial reactor scale. This work provides a framework for determining the optimal reaction conditions for acid pretreatment and thus has the potential to reduce the cost of commercial bioethanol production from 2nd generation lignocellulosic biomass fe

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26

Holm, J. (Jana). "Catalytic pretreatment and hydrolysis of fibre sludge into reducing sugars." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202839.

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Abstract Decreasing oil reserves, the need to reduce CO2 emissions and increasing energy demand are issues that are forcing scientists to search for new opportunities in the field of energy. As a result, biofuels have been considered as one possible solution to solve part of these challenges. This research is one small part of that effort. For both human and economic reasons the use of edible raw materials for biofuel production is not sustainable. This study aims to convert forest industry waste, namely fibre sludge, into reducing sugars (glucose). This platform chemical can then be converted

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27

Demnitz-King, Antje Charlotte. "Sucrose metabolism in relation to import and compartmentation of carbohydrates in developing tomato fruit (Lycopersicon Spp.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295594.

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28

Benjamin, Yuda L. "Sugarcane cultivar selection for ethanol production using dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86525.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of ―energycane‖ varieties of sugarcane for ethanol production is underway, targeting the use of both sugar juice (first generation ethanol) and bagasse (second generation ethanol). Nevertheless, identification of the preferred varieties represents the biggest challenge to the development of energycane due to large number of samples produced during breeding. In the present study, dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes were used to evaluate the processability of bagasse (fibrous r

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29

Charuwat, Peerawat. "Thermal Hydrolysis of LCFAs and Influence of pH on Acid-phase Codigestion of FOG." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52373.

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Two different sludge pretreatments were investigated in an attempt to improve the management and performance of processes for the co-digestion of biosolids with fats, oils, and grease (FOG). The mechanisms of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) degradation in thermal hydrolysis pretreatment and the influence of pH on LCFA degradation in two-phase co-digestion systems were studied. LCFA thermal hydrolysis was investigated at different temperatures (90-250 °C) and reaction times (30 minutes and 8 hours). Approximately 1% of saturated fatty acids were degraded to shorter chain fatty acids at 140 and

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30

Gadová, Martina. "Biotechnologická produkce vybraných metabolitů na syrovátkovém substrátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318128.

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The submitted master thesis deals with assessment of the possibility of using of cheese whey for biotechnological production. Study content composition of lyophilized whey, optimization of acid hydrolysis and preparation of cultivating mediums with different content and treatment of cheese whey. Between the aims of this thesis belong also screening of microbial producers, interesting for biotechnology and looks at their growth and production of selected metabolites of cultivation mediums containing cheese whey. All substrates and produced metabolites where examined with UHPLC-PDA-RI and GC-FID

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31

Liu, Jiazhong. "Phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by microbial phytase in corn-soybean mean diets for pigs /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821350.

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32

Jayakody, J. A. Luckshman Priyadharshana. "The effect of acid hydrolysis on granular morphology and physicochemical properties of native cereal starch granules." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62392.pdf.

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33

Olsson, Erik. "Effects of Citric Acid on Starch-Based Barrier Coatings." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27127.

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With growing environmental concerns, efforts are made to replace petroleum based products with renewable alternatives. This is particularly evident in the packaging industry, where replacing synthetic polymers with renewable materials is of considerable interest. Materials for food packaging need to give protection, acting as a barrier against substances that can adversely affect the food quality such as water and oxygen. In this work, barrier dispersion coatings based on starch were used to produce coated papers which act as barrier against water and oxygen. However, since starch is both a hy

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34

Domvoglou, Dimitra. "The influence of acid hydrolysis on the structure and performance of lyocell fibres and fabrics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494306.

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Regenerated cellulosic fibres are known to undergo catalytic decomposition during hydrolytic treatment in Bronsted and Lewis acids. This process is taking place short after the depolymerisation or scission-reordering of the cellulosic macromolecular chains. Depolymerisation is believed to be connected with the less accessible regions of the fibrous structure and leads to a rapid reduction of the fibres' mechanical performance. Enzyme hydrolytic action is cunrrently used as a way of generating wetstate fibrillation to the surface regions of lyocell regenerated cellulosic fabrics.

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35

Brunet, Nicolas. "Study of a valorisation process for biomass industrial waste involving acid cooking and enzymatic hydrolysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278738.

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Lignocellulosic biomass has potential to chip in the chemical and biofuels supplies in future societies,even though lignocellulose is a recalcitrant structure that has to be treated in several steps. After theirproper life cycle, wood-derived materials such as particleboards have few outcomes today apart fromenergy recovery for heat production. Then, they may be used as lignocellulosic biomass sources in theproduction of molecules of interest. Fermentation from wood-derived monosaccharides imposespreliminary sugar retrieval, for instance through pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This stu

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36

Bennet, A. J. "A study of the complete kie description of the transition state for the specific acid catalysed hydrolosis of methyl alpha- and beta-glucopyranosides." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354681.

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37

Angela, Stephanie. "Optimisation of a hydrolysed collagen production process from heat-treated bovine bone based on acid and enzymatic proteolysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/196923/1/Stephanie_Angela_Thesis.pdf.

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This project aimed to optimise a process for the production of hydrolysed collagen from livestock bones. Current commercial hydrolysed collagen production processes from bones are energy intensive and generate large amounts of chemical waste, which can be harmful to the environment or costly to treat. The process developed in this work achieved lower levels of chemical waste, generated a by-product with commercial potential (calcium diphosphate for animal feed) and showed high yields of hydrolysed collagen that met commercial product specifications.

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38

Ikenberry, Myles. "Acid monolayer functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle catalysts." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17060.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Chemical Engineering<br>Keith L. Hohn<br>Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle functionalization is an area of intensely active research, with applications across disciplines such as biomedical science and heterogeneous catalysis. This work demonstrates the functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with a quasi-monolayer of 11-sulfoundecanoic acid, 10-phosphono-1-decanesulfonic acid, and 11-aminoundecanoic acid. The carboxylic and phosphonic moieties form bonds to the iron oxide particle core, while the sulfonic acid groups face outward where they

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39

Derrien, Elie. "Valorisation des sucres dérivés des hémicelluloses." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10185.

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40

Dong, Shuping. "Effects of acid hydrolysis conditions on cellulose nanocrystal yield and properties: A response surface methodology study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78102.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are frequently prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of a purified cellulose starting material. CNC yields, however, are generally low, often below 20%. This study employs response surface methodology to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for maximum CNC yield. Two experimental designs were tested and compared: the central composite design (CCD) and the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The three factors for the experimental design were acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, and hydrolysis time. The responses quantified were CNC yield, sulfate group density, ζ-potent

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41

Delk, Roger Dale. "The effects of guanidinium chloride, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate on the endoproteinase Glu-C- catalyzed hydrolysis of N-t-BOC-L-glutamic acid-gas-phenyl ester." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897494.

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Endoproteinase Glu-C (EPGIu-C, EC 3.4.21.19), an enzyme isolated from the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, has been found to cleave specifically at the carboxyl-terminal side of glutamyl and aspartyl peptide bonds. EPGIu-C has been reported to be stable and active in the presence of common denaturants such as guanidinium chloride, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Drapeau, G.R. (1977) Methods in Enzymology, 47:189-191). In order assess the denaturant stability and activity of EPGIu-C, the effect of three common protein denaturants, guanidinium chloride, urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on

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42

Christofoletti, Guilherme Bueno. "Estudo dos efeitos de etapas de pré-tratamento na hidrólise ácida de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-13102010-211833/.

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De forma sustentável o setor sucroalcooleiro nacional apresenta grande potencial para o desenvolvimento tecnológico de fontes alternativas de energia. A partir das novas concepções de emprego de energias alternativas, o resíduo industrial do processamento da cana-de-açúcar passa a ser uma matéria-prima com grande potencial e valor. De forma ilustrativa da potencialidade deste material, os dados de produção de bagaço de cana e suas aplicações estão destacados na parte introdutória, compreendendo a possível integração das usinas com as biorrefinarias. A utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com

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43

Oliveira, Leticia Mota de. "Caracterização do compósito de borracha natural reforçado com nanocristais de celulose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-26092017-141427/.

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Dentre os materiais de fontes naturais e renováveis, a celulose se destaca pela sua abundância, podendo ser encontrada em diversos organismos vivos, como plantas, amebas, bactérias, fungos e alguns animais marinhos. Suas dimensões podem ser reduzidas por quebra das cadeias amorfas, com possibilidade de atingir escalas nanométricas, obtendo-se assim as chamadas nanopartículas de celulose ou nanocelulose. Devido à alta cristalinidade, a nanocelulose possui altos valores de módulo elástico, proporcionando alta capacidade de reforço em matrizes poliméricas, combinados com baixo peso, área superfic

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44

Evans, Steven John. "Structure, function and mechanism of action of bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I : role of amino acid residues involved in phosphate contacts." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321857.

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45

Liavoga, Allan Bright. "D-xylose produced from wheat straw by acid and enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis, and the purification of xylitol /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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46

Indurugalla, Deepani. "A kinetic isotope effect study on the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl xylopyranosides and methyl 5-thioxylopyranosides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ37716.pdf.

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47

Van, Pelt Adam Henderson. "Stability of acid-modified activated carbons in hot liquid water and their application to biomass hydrolysis reactions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52024.

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In this work, the stability of acid-modified activated carbons is assessed in the typical biomass conversion reaction environment of 200 °C, 17 bar water. Activated carbons were modified with a variety of common liquid and gas phase methods and characterized. Acid-modified carbon catalysts were exposed to hot liquid water for 24 h and further characterized to determine the effect of this exposure on their surface chemistry. It was found that the liquid phase acidifying agents of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are most effective at adding acidic functionalities to the carbon. Exposure to hot liquid water was f

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48

King, Elizabeth Caroline. "Studies on the modification and enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(#gamma#-D-glutamic acid) from Bacillus licheniformis 9945A." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266658.

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49

Ault, Trevor Joseph. "A techno-economic analysis of ethanol production from hydrolysis of cellulose with nanoscale magnetic solid acid catalysts." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14746.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Chemical Engineering<br>Keith Hohn<br>Acid catalysts have been shown to be very successful in the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to improve glucose yield and improve overall yield of ethanol. This report presents the results of a techno-economic study that looks into the use of nanoscale magnetic solid acid catalysts for glucose production. Magnetic solid acid catalysts are an improvement over using diluted acid due to eliminating acid-waste generation and corrosion hazards. Their magnetic nature also allows them to be easily separated from reaction p

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50

Sanmanee, Natdhera. "Investigation of Lead Hydrolytic Polymerization and Interactions with Organic Ligands in the Soil/Sediment-Water Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3314/.

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The objective of this research was to investigate lead speciation in the soil/sediment-water environment and to better understand how the species affect lead mobility under different environmental conditions. The research involved both field soil and sediment samples as well as standard lead solutions. Field samples were fully characterized and extracted by aqueous and organic solvents. The results were compared and evaluated with the metal speciation model, MINTEQA2. Hydrolytic polymerization and organic complexation studies were conducted with standard lead solutions under controlled experim

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