Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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Sun, Shu-Yu, Wei Wang, and Harold D. Schultz. "Activation of cardiac afferents by arachidonic acid: relative contributions of metabolic pathways." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): H93—H104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.1.h93.

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Abstract (sommario):
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized via cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P-450 (CP450) pathways to a variety of bioactive products. The sensitivity of cardiac afferent endings to AA and its metabolites, especially those derived from LOX and CP450 pathways, is currently unclear. We examined AA-induced activation of cardiac vagal chemosensitive afferents in non- and postischemic hearts in rats and evaluated the relative contributions of the three metabolic pathways to the effects. Epicardial application of AA activated the cardiac afferents dose dependently in both nonis
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Nelson, David W., James W. Sharp, Mark S. Brownfield, Helen E. Raybould, and Denise M. Ney. "Localization and Activation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptors on Vagal Afferents in the Rat." Endocrinology 148, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1954–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1232.

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Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-dependent proglucagon-derived hormone that stimulates intestinal growth through poorly understood paracrine and/or neural pathways. The relationship between GLP-2 action and a vagal pathway is unclear. Our aims were to determine whether 1) the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) is expressed on vagal afferents by localizing it to the nodose ganglia; 2) exogenous GLP-2 stimulates the vagal afferent pathway by determining immunoreactivity for c-fos protein in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS); and 3) functional ablation of vagal afferents attenuates GLP-2-
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Xu, Linjing, and G. F. Gebhart. "Characterization of Mouse Lumbar Splanchnic and Pelvic Nerve Urinary Bladder Mechanosensory Afferents." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01049.2007.

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Sensory information from the urinary bladder is conveyed via lumbar splanchnic (LSN) and sacral pelvic (PN) nerves to the spinal cord. In the present report we compared the mechanosensitive properties of single afferent fibers in these two pathways using an in vitro mouse bladder preparation. Mechanosensitive primary afferents were recorded from the LSN or PN and distinguished based on their response to receptive field stimulation with different mechanical stimuli: probing (160 mg to 2 g), stretch (1–25 g), and stroking of the urothelium (10–1,000 mg). Four different classes of afferent were r
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Kirk, M. D. "Presynaptic inhibition in the crayfish CNS: pathways and synaptic mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 1305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.5.1305.

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I studied the pathways that produce primary afferent depolarization (PAD) and presynaptic inhibition during crayfish escape behavior. Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from interneurons and primary afferent axons in the neuropil of the sixth abdominal ganglion. In several experiments, a sucrose-gap recording of PAD accompanied the intracellular impalements. I have identified PAD-producing inhibitory interneurons (PADIs) that are fired by a single impulse in the lateral (LG) or medial (MG) giant, escape-command axons; the PADIs appear to be directly responsible for presynaptic
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Friemert, B., S. Franke, A. Gollhofer, L. Claes, and M. Faist. "Group I Afferent Pathway Contributes to Functional Knee Stability." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (February 2010): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00172.2009.

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The hamstring reflex response has been suggested to play a substantial role in knee joint stabilization during anterior tibial translation. The present study was performed to determine which afferent pathways contribute to the hamstring reflex as well as the potential effects of specific afferent pathways on functional knee stability. Short- and medium-latency hamstring reflexes (SLR and MLR) were evoked by anterior tibial translation in 35 healthy subjects during standing with 30° knee flexion. Nerve cooling, tizanidine, and ischemia were employed to differentiate afferent pathways. Two hours
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Liu, C. Y., M. H. Mueller, D. Grundy, and M. E. Kreis. "Vagal modulation of intestinal afferent sensitivity to systemic LPS in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 5 (May 2007): G1213—G1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00267.2006.

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The central nervous system modulates inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract via efferent vagal pathways. We hypothesized that these vagal efferents receive synaptic input from vagal afferents, representing an autonomic feedback mechanism. The consequence of this vagovagal reflex for afferent signal generation in response to LPS was examined in the present study. Different modifications of the vagal innervation or sham procedures were performed in anesthetized rats. Extracellular mesenteric afferent nerve discharge and systemic blood pressure were recorded in vivo before and after systemic
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Mazzone, Stuart B., and Bradley J. Undem. "Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease." Physiological Reviews 96, no. 3 (July 2016): 975–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00039.2015.

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Abstract (sommario):
Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through local responses and centrally mediated neural pathways. Mechanical and chemical activation of airway afferents depends on a myriad of ionic and receptor-mediated signaling, much of which has yet to be fully explored. Alterations in the sensitivity and n
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Webster, W. Andrew, and Michael J. Beyak. "The long chain fatty acid oleate activates mouse intestinal afferent nerves in vitro." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 91, no. 5 (May 2013): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2012-0138.

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Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract serve an important nutrient-sensing function, and these signals contribute to satiety. Detection of nutrients occurs largely through the release of mediators from specialized enteroendocrine cells within the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The signaling pathways leading to vagal afferent activation are not clear; however, previous in-vivo studies have implicated a role for cholecystokinin (CCK). We used an in vitro intestinal afferent extracellular recording preparation to study the effect of luminal perfusion of the long chain fatty
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Joris, Philip X., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Envelope Coding in the Lateral Superior Olive. III. Comparison With Afferent Pathways." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.253.

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Joris, Philip X. and Tom C. T. Yin. Envelope coding in the lateral superior olive. III. Comparison with afferent pathways. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 253–269, 1998. Binaural cues for spatial localization of complex high-frequency sounds are interaural level and time differences (ILDs and ITDs). We previously showed that cells in the lateral superior olive (LSO) are sensitive to ITDs in the envelope of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (AM) signals up to a modulation frequency of only ∼800 Hz. To understand the limitations in this ITD-sensitivity, we here compare responses to monaural modulation in LS
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Ryan, Stephen, and Philip Nolan. "Superior laryngeal and hypoglossal afferents tonically influence upper airway motor excitability in anesthetized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 3 (September 2005): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00776.2004.

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Upper airway (UA) muscle activity is stimulated by changes in UA transmural pressure and by asphyxia. These responses are reduced by muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that this is due to a change in afferent feedback in the ansa hypoglossi and/or superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). We examined 1) the glossopharyngeal motor responses to UA transmural pressure and asphyxia and 2) how these responses were changed by muscle relaxation in animals where one or both of these afferent pathways had been sectioned bilaterally. Experiments were performed in 24 anesthetized, thoracotomized, artificially vent
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Tesi sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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Roy, Sujata. "Segregation within afferent pathways in primate vision." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4913.

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The current knowledge of the visual pathways in primates includes the patterns of projection from the retina through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to the striate cortex (V1) and the extra-striate projections towards the dorsal and ventral streams. Cells with short wavelength sensitive cone (S-cone) inputs in the dLGN have been studied extensively in New World marmosets but not in Old World macaques. This thesis presents results from studies in the macaque monkey which are more relevant to humans since humans are closer in evolution to Old World than New World monkeys.<br>The spa
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Gibson, Claire. "Interactions between afferent pathways in spinal cord development." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311132.

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Grillner, Pernilla. "Afferent input to midbrain dopamine neurones and its modulation : an electrophysiological study in vitro /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3712-5/.

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Needle, Alan R. "Microneurography evaluation of somatosensory afferent traffic in the unstable ankle." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 103 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889099101&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lynn, Penelope Ann. "An electrophysiological investigation of colonic afferent sensitivity in the rat and mouse - in vitro /." Title page, contents and general abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl989.pdf.

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Zhang, Yongkui. "Functional development of otolith afferents in postnatal rats." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295089.

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張永魁 and Yongkui Zhang. "Functional development of otolith afferents in postnatal rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242716.

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Bulmer, David Colin Eric. "Central pathways activated by cardiac vagal afferent fibres in the rat." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400590.

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Zheng, Fashan. "Baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary reflexes : afferent pathways and the influence of cold." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262348.

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Abstract (sommario):
A study was performed on decerebrate ferrets to define the contribution of vagal afferent non-myelinated fibres to the baroreceptor heart rate reflex produced by bolus i.v. injection of phenylephrine, using capsaicin as a selective C fibre blocker. Capsaicin blocked pulmonary chemoreflex substantially without any effects on bradycardia evoked by electrical stimulation of vagal efferent fibres to the heart. The significance of the contribution to bradycardia in response to marked increases in blood pressure by vagal C fibres are discussed in relation to findings in electrophysiological studies.
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Mariano, Timothy Yu. "Electrical Stimulation of Afferent Neural Pathways for Suppression of Urethral Reflexes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1246392300.

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Libri sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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J, Allum J. H., and Hulliger M, eds. Afferent control of posture and locomotion. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Taylor, David C. M. Nociceptive afferent neurones. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.

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F, Fanardzhi͡a︡n V., ed. Vist͡s︡erosomaticheskie afferentnye sistemy gipotalamusa. Leningrad: Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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O, Pompeiano, and Allum J. H. J, eds. Vestibulospinal control of posture and locomotion. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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A, Lenz Frederick, ed. The human pain system: Experimental and clinical perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Fred, Lenz, ed. The human pain system: Experimental and clinical perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Falk Symposium (103 1997 Freiburg, Germany). Liver and nervous system: Proceedings of the Falk Symposium 103 (Part III of the Liver Week in Freiburg 1997) held in Freiburg, Germany, October 4-5, 1997. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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N, Andrianov I͡U︡, ed. Sensory hair cells: Synaptic transmission. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Ruffa, Geraldine Skuches. Afferent connections to the prefrontal cortex of the cat: Differential fronto-limbic connectivity and manifestations of kindled epileptic foci. [New Haven: s.n.], 1988.

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Ivanovich, Konstantinov Alekseĭ, ed. Fiziologii͡a︡ i biofizika sensornykh sistem: Mezhvuzovskiĭ sbornik. Leningrad: Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1990.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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Choudhury, Eileen, Sumayya J. Almarzouqi, Michael L. Morgan, and Andrew G. Lee. "Afferent Visual Pathways." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_1148-1.

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Choudhury, Eileen, Sumayya J. Almarzouqi, Michael L. Morgan, and Andrew G. Lee. "Afferent Visual Pathways." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 48–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_1148.

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de Groat, W. C. "Neuropeptides in pelvic afferent pathways." In Experientia Supplementum, 334–61. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9136-3_18.

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Dubner, Ronald, M. Catherine Bushnell, and Gary H. Duncan. "Sensory-Discriminative Capacities of Nociceptive Pathways and Their Modulation by Behavior." In Spinal Afferent Processing, 331–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4994-5_13.

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Ádám, György. "Visceral Afferent Pathways and Central Projections." In Visceral Perception, 57–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2903-0_6.

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Vierck, Charles J., Joel D. Greenspan, Louis A. Ritz, and David C. Yeomans. "The Spinal Pathways Contributing to the Ascending Conduction and the Descending Modulation of Pain Sensations and Reactions." In Spinal Afferent Processing, 275–329. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4994-5_12.

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Read, Heather L., and Alex D. Reyes. "Sensing Sound Through Thalamocortical Afferent Architecture and Cortical Microcircuits." In The Mammalian Auditory Pathways, 169–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71798-2_7.

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Lin, Haodong, and Chunlin Hou. "Reconstruction of Afferent and Efferent Nerve Pathways of the Atonic Bladder." In Functional Bladder Reconstruction Following Spinal Cord Injury via Neural Approaches, 83–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7766-8_9.

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Hale, Matthew W., Graham A. W. Rook, and Christopher A. Lowry. "Pathways Underlying Afferent Signaling of Bronchopulmonary Immune Activation to the Central Nervous System." In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 118–41. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000336505.

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Dideriksen, Jakob Lund, Silvia Muceli, Strahinja Dosen, and Dario Farina. "Physiological Recruitment of Large Populations of Motor Units Using Electrical Stimulation of Afferent Pathways." In Biosystems & Biorobotics, 351–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08072-7_55.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Afferent pathways"

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Barbur, John L., Vicky A. Cole, J. A. Harlow, and Ivor S. Levy. "Isolation of Pupil Light Reflex Response Components: Selective Loss of Function in a Subject with Optic Nerve Drusen." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.thc.4.

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The ambient light level determines largely the steady-state size of the pupil (Lowenstein et al, 1964) and rapid increments in light flux on the retina cause a brisk constriction of the pupil that is often described as the dynamic light reflex response (Alexandridis, 1985; Lowenfeld, 1993). The afferent pathways that control the steady-state size of the pupil and the dynamic light reflex response in man have been associated with subcortical projections and this is consistent with clinical observations which suggest that the pupils continue to respond normally to sudden changes in room illumina
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Cornsweet, Tom N. "Understanding the Swinging Flashlight Test of Pupil Function." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.md17.

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A large proportion of pathologies that affect the retina and visual pathways reduce a patient's sensitivity to light in one eye relative to the other. The swinging flashlight test, first described by Levatin (Arch. Ophthal. 62:768,1959) is a clinically useful way to detect such imbalances. The examiner shines a flashlight into one eye for a few seconds, then shifts abruptly to the other for a few seconds, and continues swinging back and forth while watching whichever eye is being illuminated. As reported by Levatin, when this test is performed on a normal visual system the pupils show little o
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Ambikairajah, Eliathamby, Owen Friel, and William Millar. "A speech recognition system using both auditory and afferent pathway signal processing." In 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994). ISCA: ISCA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-386.

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Stewart, Barbara E., and Rockefeller S. L. Young. "Can The Pupillary Responses in Man Provide an Estimate of the Absolute Sensitivity of the Visual Pathway?" In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1988.tha2.

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Abstract (sommario):
Previous studies (Birch and Birch, 1987; Trejo and Cicerone, 1982; Schweizer, 1955) have used the pupillary light response to derive relative sensitivity estimates of the afferent visual pathway. The present study examines whether the pupillary response can provide an absolute sensitivity estimate. More specifically, this study addresses two questions: (i) Is a pupillary response elicited by flashes that are detected by the subject only 50% of the time? (ii) Does the pupil response occur on trials that the subject detects the flash, on trials that the subject does not detect the flash, or on b
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