Tesi sul tema "Agribusiness sector"

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how capabilities are created, accumulated and evolved as dairy farmers and dairy processors interact with other actors (e.g. suppliers, government organisations, research organisations, universities, MNCs, etc.) in three Mexican dairy regions in the Mexican dairy sector (MDS). The MDS plays an important part in mitigating the social problem of malnutrition in low-income families and reducing peasant migration. In particular, this thesis analyses the processes of capabilities building to integrate the value chains of those firms in complex socio-economic and technological systems. In these processes, regional actors, their networks and institutions have played major interdependent roles during globalisation following the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA (i.e. 1994-2004), which ended a long period of imports substituting industrialisation regime. This thesis proposes the concept of sector-specific regional capabilities (i.e. regional capabilities) and an analytical framework based on this concept in order to fill gaps in the literature on evolutionary economics, firm, organisation and strategy and regional innovation systems. The thesis investigates the integration of the micro (firms) and meso (regions) levels of capabilities development in agribusiness in a developing context. The research builds upon four main theoretical approaches: 1) dynamic capabilities of firms; 2) regional system of innovation, including regional capabilities, 3) sectoral systems of innovation; and 4) a function-based approach to comparing regional performance in capabilities building aimed at improving policy making. By combining elements of these approaches, this research articulates the logic of the coevolution of routines into improved and new capabilities within farms and dairy processors (i.e. intra-organisational capabilities) and between these actors and other organisations (i.e. inter-organisational capabilities), which carried out collective activities and processes involving learning. A cross case research employed involved a set of 120 in-depth interviews with the main actors in three dairy regions, which differ in climatic conditions, socio-economic features and the technology of their milk production systems. Interviews were designed to identify and assess (qualitatively) the interactions that led the processes and development mechanisms that changed routines, which provide the basis for new and improved capabilities, as well as the factors that constrained their development. Secondary data from research of academics and practitioners provided complementary evidence related to the operation of government programmes affecting the MDS. This research shows that sector-specific regional capabilities are built as the result of the learning that occurs when firms and different organisations interact in formal and non-formal transactions. Regional capabilities comprise intra organisational capabilities (i.e. dynamic capabilities) (e.g. R&D, marketing capabilities, etc.), and inter organisational capabilities (e.g. production, alliance-making, research capabilities, etc.), which are shown to coevolve over time with regional institutions influencing this co-evolution process. Comparison shows that the creation, accumulation and evolution of regional capabilities using a specialised milk production system between the three dairy regions is markedly different. Regional capabilities in La Laguna region became strategic, allowing regional firms to reach national and international markets. Firms in the Los Altos region accumulated operational capabilities and are in transformation, not yet reaching national and international markets comparable to La Laguna firms. Firms in the Tabasco region accumulated basic capabilities and still lags behind the other two regions. These results have implications for improving policy making. National policies should be tailored by regional dimensions to develop small dairy farms and firms capabilities in all regions. Regional institutions with targeted policies may help regions obtain and develop resources to build capabilities and remove constraints for long-term sustainability in the dairy regions.

The following study assesses economic and political determinants of foreign direct investment by U.S. firms. Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis at the U.S. Department of Commerce was used for total and food sector FDI for 35 countries from the years 2001-2008. Using these data in three econometric models, the paper examines the effect on FDI of regional trade blocs as well as political factors such as labor and credit market regulations, and transfers and subsidies. Finally, the thesis provides a comparison of each model on two dependent variables: food sector and total FDI. The study finds that management decision making for FDI differs for agribusiness firms compared to industry as a whole, especially with regards to the host country’s relative wages, language barriers, and membership in the Association of Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN).

A participação do Brasil no mercado externo sofreu nas últimas décadas uma influência muito grande do Agronegócio, impulsionada principalmente pelo aumento da exportação de commodities agrícolas. O presente estudo se propôs a entender como esse processo impactou o desenvolvimento econômico nacional. Para isto, considerou-se a totalidade das exportações em volume e valor das diferentes categorias de produtos comercializados no Agronegócio no período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2016. Analisou-se uma base com mais de 8 milhões de registros e 1.314 categorias. Utilizou-se a ótica da classificação setorial por intensidade tecnológica de Keith Pavitt (1984) e Laplane (2001) para identificar os diversos setores. Esta dissertação é composta por dois artigos científicos. No primeiro deles, mensurou-se o grau de correlação entre o dólar e as exportações brasileiras de maneira a verificar se a hipótese inicial de que um aumento da taxa de cambio promove um aumento proporcional do total faturado nas exportações. Conclui-se que, ao contrário do esperado, os resultados sugerem que o grau de correlação de Pearson entre o valor exportado e a taxa de câmbio possuem resultados de intensidade média e fraca segundo a escala de Cohen (1988). Além disso, identifica-se que produtos classificados como “Intensivos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento” e “Intensivos em Economias de Escala” possuem forças de correlação mais fortes com a taxa de cambio que “Produtos Primários”, “Intensivos em Trabalho” e “Intensivos em Recursos Naturais”. No segundo artigo é apresentado o grau de concentração dos destinos de exportação do agronegócio no período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2016.Para analisar os dados utilizou-se o método do Market-Share e o índice de Herfindahl- Hirschman. Os resultados sugerem que existe um elevado índice de concentração por destino de exportação. Os “Produtos Intensivos em P&D” registram os mais altos índices de concentração de mercado nos 5 maiores importadores do Brasil (Estados Unidos, Índia, Holanda, China e Alemanha). Os “Produtos de Economia de Escala”, tiveram um aumento no faturamento das exportações provocadas por uma maior concentração dos dois maiores importadores (Estados Unidos e China). Os resultados da “Indústria Intensiva em Trabalho” e “ Intensiva em Recursos Naturais” foram muito similares ao analisar o nível de concentração destes mercados e não tiveram variações ao longo do tempo analisado. Os resultados dos “Produtos Primários” são fortemente impactados pelo poder do mercado Chinês. A perspectiva apontada na literatura sobre a característica dos itens de maior intensidade tecnológica está diretamente relacionada com a possibilidade de comercializar produtos mais sofisticados e, consequentemente, menos dependentes de aspectos relativos ao preço. Os resultados da correlação de Pearson obtidos neste estudo sugerem que a diferenciação proposta na categoria de alta intensidade não está sendo efetiva. Além disso, ocorreu uma maior concentração dos destinos de exportação no período analisado.
In recent decades, Brazilian participation in the foreign market has been largely influenced by agribusiness, mainly driven by the increase of agricultural commodity exports. This study aimed to understand how this process affected national economic development. For this, we considered the total export volume and the value of different product categories in agribusiness trade, from January 2008 to July 2016. We analyzed a database of over 8 million records and 1,314 categories. We used the sector classification outlook according to technological intensity, by Keith Pavitt (1984) and Laplane (2001), to identify the various sectors. This study consists of two scientific articles. In the first, we measured the degree of correlation between the dollar and Brazilian exports in order to verify if the initial hypothesis that an increase in the exchange rate promotes a proportional increase of total export revenue. We concluded that, contrary to expectations, the results suggest that the degree of Pearson correlation between the value of exports and the exchange rate have medium and low intensity results, according to the Cohen scale (1988). We also identified that products classified as "Research and Development Intensive" and "Economies of Scale Intensive" are more strongly correlated with the exchange rate than "Primary Products", "Labor Intensive," and "Natural Resources Intensive" products. The second article shows the degree of agribusiness export destination concentration from January 2008 to July 2016. To analyze the data, we used the Market Share method and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The results suggest that there is a high level of export destination concentration. The "R & D Intensive Products" recorded the highest market concentration rates among the 5 largest importers of Brazilian products (United States, India, the Netherlands, China, and Germany). The "Economy of Scale Products", had an increase in export revenues, caused by increased concentration of the two largest importers (United States and China). The results of the "Labor Intensive Industry" and "Natural Resource Intensive" were very similar when analyzing the level of concentration for these markets, and showed no changes over the analyzed time period. The results of the "Primary Products" are strongly impacted by the power of the Chinese market. The outlook about the characteristics of the more technology-intensive items is reported in the literature, and is directly related to the possibility of selling products that are more sophisticated, and thus less dependent of price related aspects. The Pearson correlation results from this study suggest that the proposed differentiation in the high-intensity category is not being effective. Also, there was a greater concentration of export destinations during the analyzed period.

Food security is a global topic of discussion and agricultural sectors play a vital role in the provision thereof. In South Africa the agribusinesses are some of the key players in providing financing, risk management and market advisory services to producers. Since the deregulation of the grain industry during 1996, many of these agribusinesses have converted their business form from cooperative to company and therefore adhere to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). These agribusinesses trade commodity derivatives on the South African Futures Exchange (SAFEX) to hedge themselves and their producers against commodity price risk. Globally there has been a tremendous increase in the use of derivatives and other financial instruments and with the emergence of these new and more complex financial instruments, accounting regulations had to follow these developments. The applicable accounting practices at the time were considered as being insufficient and being applied inconsistently. The major global standard setters namely IASB and FASB separately tried to develop adequate standards to address the accounting treatment of these products. The IASB developed International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 dealing with the recognition and measurement of financial instruments, while the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 133. These two standard setters have signed the Norwalk Agreement committing to plans to converge the IFRS and US accounting standards. This study focused on the application of IAS 39, with reference to commodity derivatives, with the main research objective being to investigate the accountancy implications of commodity derivatives in the South African agricultural sector. Furthermore it also serves to establish a standard methodology for the interpretation of IAS 39 and to serve as a benchmark and best practise for South African agribusinesses and commodity processors. For this purpose seven case studies were investigated by utilising a developed questionnaire, an illustrative flow diagram of IAS 39 and recorded structured interviews with the respondents. The accounting treatment of commodity derivatives was investigated by utilising nine transaction types which are typically found when producers sell grain to an agribusiness or a processor purchases grain from an agribusiness. The seven case studies were identified by utilising convenience sampling (unrestricted non–probability sampling). A literature review and empirical study were conducted. The findings on the accounting treatment of commodity derivatives were communicated thematically. The main findings were discussed during interviews with representatives of the technical departments of three of the Big Four audit firms in South Africa. A discussion of similar studies performed globally was performed. The recommendations following from this research study include that entities carrying “own use” inventory and applying hedge accounting can elect to apply the base adjustment consistently as part of their accounting policy on the valuation of inventory. Entities holding grain inventory for trading purposes should, based on industry practice, fair value such inventory. Various recommendations regarding the classification of a supply contract with a producer (as defined in a pre–season fixed price contract) depending on whether an entity applies hedge accounting or not, were made. Recommendations regarding the determination of fair value include that, based on industry practice and guidance by IAS 39, the SAFEX–based price should be utilised to fair value derivatives and to fair value inventory held by commodity–broker traders. The fair value movement on the option contracts taken out on behalf of the producer by an agribusiness should be transferred to the relevant producer's loan account. The recommendations concluded with a recommendation that entities should proactively consider and plan the impact of the replacement of IAS 39 on current business practices. Areas for further research could include investigating the accounting treatment of commodity derivatives of the newly issued accounting standards on financial instruments by IASB and the impact of these new standards on the business practices of entities.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Management Accountancy))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis examines the political and social dynamics of agribusiness in Thailand. Over the last twenty years agribusiness firms grew in scope and activity as Thailand became the major agricultural exporting country of Southeast Asia. The context of this process is explored in terms of national developmentalism, the political economy of agri-food restructuring and history. The thesis analyses two sectors (dairy and shrimp) which demonstrated substantial productive increases and were accompanied with a high level of agribusiness activity. The experiences of these sectors are compared and contrasted to determine the degree to which they characterise historic moments of capitalist restructuring and development.

For my thesis, I analyze effects of recent political developments on the development of Mexico’s agriculture sector. In 1994, Mexico joined NAFTA, sparking major change in many of Mexico’s major industries as a result of lifted trade restrictions. In addition to joining NAFTA in 1994, Mexico has implemented domestic programs over the last thirty years with the goal of expanding its agriculture sector. While some of the effects of Mexico’s domestic policies are concurrent with the effects of NAFTA, I separately evaluate the effects of NAFTA and these domestic agriculture policies. Specifically, I analyze the effects of these political developments on Mexico’s agricultural sector by evaluating changes to the trade balances of four major categories of commodities: vegetables, fruits & nuts, dairy and cereals. I compare the changes to Mexico’s trade position with the changes to trade positions of a selected group of six countries, which I call the “comparison countries.” The trade data covers the time period of 1975-2012, enabling the analysis to adequately evaluate the changes to trade “before and after” these political developments intervened. I find that NAFTA had mixed effects on Mexico’s agriculture sector’s development. Some commodities experience growth and increased exports to NAFTA countries, suggesting that NAFTA effected these industries positively. On the other hand, I find that NAFTA marred the development of other commodities as a result of domestic policies in the US distorting trade. Finally, I find that the effects of Mexico’s domestic programs either aided in the growth of some commodities or simply enabled producers to remain in the competitive NAFTA markets.

This paper examines the innovative behavior of agri-food firms located in Central and Eastern Europe. In the literature, empirical analyses on innovation activities of firms focus on various case studies from around the world. However, very few studies explored the innovation of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from Central and Eastern Europe’s agri-food sector. The analysis uses the logit estimation method and firm-level data, which are obtained from ERBD-World Bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). Results suggest that firms that spent some proportion of their financial budget on research and development (R&D), had workforce training programs and bought fixed assets are more likely to launch product, process, organizational and marketing innovations.

O debate associado ao desenvolvimento sustentável inseriu novos aspectos que devem ser acompanhados e mensurados pelas organizações. Estes incluem questões que podem estar fora do controle direto da organização, que são difíceis de serem caracterizados e que muitas vezes são baseados em juízos de valor ao invés de dados quantitativos. Assim, esta tese buscou responder a seguinte questão central: quais aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos devem ser considerados em um modelo de mensuração de sustentabilidade no âmbito empresarial? O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em propor e testar um modelo para a mensuração da sustentabilidade empresarial concebido a partir da integração das dimensões ambiental, social e econômica. O modelo proposto foi composto por 43 (quarenta e três) indicadores de sustentabilidade, sendo 16 (dezesseis) indicadores ambientais, 14 (quatorze) indicadores econômicos e 13 (treze) indicadores sociais. O Grid de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (GSE) foi elaborado para ser utilizado por empresas com diferentes características. A sustentabilidade empresarial foi abordada a partir de uma perspectiva integradora de aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos da sustentabilidade, denominada Grid de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (GSE). Esse modelo foi aplicado em cinco vinícolas localizadas na Serra Gaúcha para analisar seus desempenhos. Os resultados indicaram que três vinícolas obtiveram Escore 3 de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (Sustentabilidade Satisfatória), apontando que estas empresas conseguem conciliar desempenho satisfatório nas três dimensões de sustentabilidade consideradas, apresentando certo equilíbrio em ações e programas desenvolvidos em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável. As outras duas vinícolas investigadas apresentaram Escore 2 de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (Sustentabilidade Relativa), indicando que estas possuem desempenhos satisfatórios em duas das três dimensões da sustentabilidade consideradas. Uma vinícola obteve desempenho insatisfatório na dimensão econômica e a outra obteve desempenho insatisfatório na dimensão social. Com a aplicação do modelo foi possível verificar diferentes níveis de resultados de sustentabilidade apresentados pelas empresas analisadas, visto que dentre as empresas investigadas não foi identificado um padrão de resultados entre os diferentes indicadores de sustentabilidade.
The sustainable development debate raises new issues that should be monitored and measured by organizations. These include factors which may be outside the direct control of the organizations. In addition, they may be difficult to be characterized and are often based on value judgments rather than quantitative data. In this context, this thesis aimed to answer the following question: which environmental, social and economic aspects should be considered into a measurement model of sustainability among business? The general objective of this research was to propose and to verify empirically a measurement corporate sustainability model designed from the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions. The Model proposed includes 43 (forty-three) sustainability indicators, 16 (sixteen) environmental indicators, fourteen (14) economic indicators and thirteen (13) social indicators. The corporate sustainability has been addressed from a perspective that integrates environmental, social and economic sustainability, denominated the Corporate Sustainability Grid (CSG). The Corporate Sustainability Grid (CSG) was prepared to be used by various companies with different characteristics, regardless industry sector and geographic location. The performance of five wineries located in the southern mountains was analyzed based on the model proposed. The results showed that three wineries were scored as level three of corporate sustainability (satisfactory sustainability). These companies were able to reconcile satisfactory performance in all three dimensions of sustainability considered, giving some balance into actions and programs developed in relation to sustainable development. The other two wineries were scored as level two of corporate sustainability (relative sustainability), indicating that they have good performances in two of the three dimensions of sustainability. In addition, results indicate that all wineries surveyed achieved satisfactory performances in the environmental dimension. Regarding the others, it was observed that a winery showed poor performance on social aspects and a second winery showed unsatisfactory performance in the economic dimension. To sum up, the model detected different levels of sustainability outcomes provided by the companies. Among all it was not identified results pattern regarding different sustainability indicators.

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This thesis aims to investigate the elements that make up the networks of innovation in agribusiness in Brazil, specifically the relations of cooperation in the technological sugar-alcohol sector in São Paulo. To achieve this goal, we studied where and how this network, its strategies, and contractual aspects. Brazil is, together with India, the world's largest producer of sugar cane, alone the largest producer of sugar and alcohol and the world's leading exporter of sugar. His numbers are in the house of billions. The increase of environmental turbulence occurred in the last few decades become better aware of the fundamental organizational environment and its components for organizational survival. Among the many factors that make up the environment, relations with other organizations are receiving increasing attention. The body of research is composed of three interviews with managers or directors responsible for the area of research and development, and a fourth company studied through secondary data. These companies were selected based on a previous study conducted in the landscape sector, an integral part of this dissertation. Topics semi-structured achieved through a road map to interview led to qualitative analysis about the purpose of this study. Chapter 1 gives the introduction, the 2, the justification, problem and the research objectives; 3, a chart that allows sectoral update and acquaint the reader with this powerful and important sector through a brief history; 4, the theoretical references of the dissertation, the 5, research procedures, the 6 presentation and analysis of data. With this, this work will be conducted theoretically justifying the approach of interorganizational relations, seeking thereby to raise some tools for better understanding of the phenomenon interorganizational networks, and, still, theoretically contribute to the development of the sugar-alcohol sector approach in the state of São Paulo.
Esta dissertação se propõe a investigar os elementos que compõem as redes de inovação no agronegócio no Brasil, especificamente as relações de colaboração tecnológica no setor sucroalcooleiro paulista. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram estudados onde e como funciona esta rede, suas estratégias e seus aspectos contratuais. O Brasil é, juntamente com a Índia, o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar, isoladamente o maior produtor de açúcar e de álcool e o maior exportador mundial de açúcar. Seus números são na casa dos bilhões. O aumento da turbulência ambiental ocorrido nas das últimas décadas tornou fundamental a busca de melhor conhecimento do ambiente organizacional e de seus componentes para a sobrevivência organizacional. Dentre os diversos fatores que compõem o ambiente, as relações com outras organizações vêm recebendo crescente atenção. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por três entrevistas com gerentes ou diretores responsáveis pela área de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, e uma quarta empresa estudada através de dados secundários. Estas empresas foram selecionadas com base em um estudo prévio realizado no panorama setorial, parte integrante desta dissertação. Os tópicos semi-estruturados, realizados através de um roteiro de entrevista, permitiram chegar a análises qualitativas acerca do objetivo deste estudo. O capítulo 1 apresenta a introdução; o 2, a justificativa, problema e os objetivos da pesquisa; o 3, um panorama setorial que permite atualizar e familiarizar o leitor com este poderoso e importante setor através de um breve percurso histórico; o 4, os referenciais teóricos da dissertação; o 5, os procedimentos de pesquisa; o 6, a apresentação e a análise dos dados. Com isso, este trabalho será conduzido justificando teoricamente a abordagem das relações interorganizacionais, buscando assim levantar alguns instrumentos para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno redes interorganizacionais e, ainda, contribuir teoricamente para o desenvolvimento da abordagem do setor sucroalcooleiro no estado de São Paulo.

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A gestão do capital humano na era do conhecimento demanda uma postura diferenciada das organizações diante da complexidade do cenário econômico. O conhecimento deriva do capital humano, também chamado de ativo intangível, um diferencial competitivo relevante, porém de difícil gestão. A proposta desta pesquisa é estabelecer um modelo que avalie a relação da qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) com a felicidade do trabalhador. Para tanto, explora a realidade de agências bancárias de uma instituição financeira brasileira. De enfoque diferenciado em relação a outros estudos, buscou-se moderar o efeito do ambiente de trabalho, considerando diferentes perfis de agência e de funcionários, sendo o interesse principal compreender as distinções existentes nas agências bancárias e, de forma específica, naquelas com perfil voltado ao agronegócio. Destaca-se o ambiente de trabalho nas agências bancárias, enfatizando os elementos principais. Essa especificidade torna-se importante tanto para a empresa quanto para o desenvolvimento da teoria deste tema. A relevância para a instituição financeira justifica-se com a importância do capital humano para o resultado da empresa. A metodologia desta pesquisa tem natureza exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa, nesta pesquisa utilizou-se o método de análise fatorial e equações estruturais. Foram utilizadas variáveis relacionadas à QVT e à felicidade, tais como: Higiene e Segurança no Trabalho, Liderança, Estresse, Benefícios Sociais e Bem-Estar subjetivo e a pesquisa se dará em universo de, aproximadamente, 4000 funcionários. As organizações valorizam o seu capital humano, através do modelo de gestão estratégica de pessoas que adotam, avaliando e monitorando o comportamento de seus líderes através de indicadores de gestão de pessoas, dando importância à criatividade, à diversidade, à motivação e à inovação, criando conhecimento, que, atualmente, é considerado um fator gerador de capacidades e habilidades organizacionais, as quais permitem que se mantenha competitividade na conjuntura econômica e no ambiente de transformações constantes em que se vive atualmente.
The management of human capital in knowledge era demands a differentiated posture of organizations to face economic scenario complexity. Knowledge derives from human capital, also called intangible asset, a relevant competitive differential, but difficult to manage. The proposal of this research is to establish a model that evaluates the relation of the quality of life at work (QWL) with the happiness of the worker. To do so, it explores the reality of bank branches of a Brazilian financial institution. Using a differentiated focus in relation to other studies, this study sought to moderate the work environment effect, considering different agency and employee profiles, the main interest is to understand the distinctions existing in the banking branches and, specifically, those with a profile oriented to agribusiness. This specificity becomes important for company and for the development of the theory of this theme. The relevance to the financial institution is justified by the importance of human capital to the company's results. The methodology of this research is exploratory, with a quantitative approach, adopting the method of factorial analysis and structural equations. Variables related to QWL and happiness were used, such as: Hygiene and Safety at Work, Leadership, Stress, Social Benefits and Subjective Welfare, and the research will be conducted in a universe of approximately 4000 employees. Organizations value their human capital through the strategic Human Resources Management they adopt, evaluating and monitoring the behavior of their leaders through indicators of human resources management, emphasizing creativity, diversity, motivation and innovation, creating knowledge, which is currently considered a factor that generates organizational capacities and abilities, which allow us to remain competitive in the economic environment and in the environment of constant transformations nowadays.

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The present work dealt with the influence of the collaborative planning on the performance of the companies of the food sector. For in such a way, a research was developed, involving two stages. The first stage was constituted of a research of exploratory nature, in a composed sample of seven companies, being that the data had been collected by means of interview in depth and treated by the content analysis. The results had evidenced the presence of the traditional components of the "4 Ps" marketing strategies and of the variable related to Resource Based View (RBV) as sources of competitive advantages. Of ownership of these results, increased of the variable of the model of Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), it was broken for one second stage of research, of descriptive nature. It was used, for in such a way, a sample of 31 companies, chosen for convenience. The data had been collected by means of questionnaire, half-structuralized, consisting of open and closed questions, having as base the components or variable, identified in the first stage, as being those that the customers more valued. The components, divided in attributes, had been treated by the statistical methods, as it follows: descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and (χ2). The results had evidenced that in the application of: a) the descriptive statistics, it had positive trend to infer itself that the collaborative planning influenced the performance of the searched companies; b) multivariate analysis, had possibility to identify two distinct groups, e; c) (χ2), was not possible to detect causal relation between collaborative planning and the others variables of results. Although the (χ2) has not shown robust evidences how much to the influence of the collaborative planning in the searched companies, the multivariate analysis indicated that the relation between collaborative planning and performance exists, despite the limitation of the size of the searched sample, confirming the hypothesis proposal. Finally, it is suggested, for continuation of the research, the magnifying of the sample of the companies in groups (industry/distributor/retail) of form to make possible the analysis for activity and to extend the sample of companies who are not of the food sector, in order to make possible comparisons.
O presente trabalho tratou da influência do planejamento colaborativo sobre o desempenho das empresas do setor de alimentos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa envolvendo duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi constituída de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, em uma amostra composta de sete empresas, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista em profundidade e tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença dos componentes tradicionais das estratégias de marketing "4 Ps" e das variáveis relacionados ao Resource Based View (RBV) como fontes de vantagens competitivas. De posse desses resultados, acrescidos das variáveis oriundas do modelo do Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), partiu-se para uma segunda etapa de pesquisa, de natureza descritiva. Utilizou-se, para tanto, uma amostra de 31 empresas, escolhida por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, semiestruturado, constituído de questões abertas e fechadas, tendo como base os componentes ou variáveis, identificados na primeira etapa, como sendo aqueles que os clientes mais valorizavam. Os componentes, desmembrados em atributos, foram tratados pelos métodos estatísticos, conforme segue: estatística descritiva, análise discriminante e Chi-Quadrado (χ2). Os resultados evidenciaram que na aplicação da: a) estatística descritiva, houve tendência positiva para se inferir que o planejamento colaborativo influenciou o desempenho das empresas pesquisadas; b) análise discriminante, houve possibilidade de identificar dois grupos distintos, e; c) Chi-Quadrado (χ2), não foi possível detectar nenhuma relação causal entre planejamento colaborativo e as demais variáveis de resultados. Embora o teste Chi-Quadrado (χ2) não tenha mostrado evidências robustas quanto à influência do planejamento colaborativo nas empresas pesquisadas, a análise discriminante indicou que a relação entre planejamento colaborativo e desempenho existe, apesar da limitação do tamanho da amostra pesquisada, confirmando a hipótese proposta. Por fim, sugere-se, para prosseguimento da pesquisa, a ampliação da amostra das empresas em grupos (indústria/atacado/varejo) de forma a possibilitar a análise por atividade e ampliar a amostra de empresas que não sejam do setor de alimentos, a fim de possibilitar comparações.

Le Brésil a connu une augmentation importante de la production de canne à sucre à partir des années 2000. Le secteur sucro-énergétique la cultive afin de produire du sucre, de l’éthanol et de l’énergie électrique. L’accélération de sa production vient répondre à de nouvelles injonctions globales, comme la recherche d’alternatives aux combustibles fossiles, ou la demande alimentaire mondiale. Cette conjoncture encourage alors l’arrivée de nouveaux investisseurs sur le marché du sucre et des agrocarburants. La commode « convergence des crises » (écologique, énergétique et alimentaire) serait-elle une tentative de dissimuler une forme de renouvellement de l’image de l’agrobusiness, basée sur un « verdissement » de ses pratiques et sur la production des discours, recherchant l’acceptation sociale ainsi que la poursuite de son expansion ? Des conflits surgissent en effet depuis l’implantation du secteur dans ces territoires de frontière agricole de la canne à sucre, en l’occurrence dans la région de Dourados située au sud de l’État du Mato Grosso do Sul, et viennent soulever des contradictions. Ces conflits opposent les usines nouvellement installées aux acteurs locaux, autour de différents thèmes et impliquent une variété de groupes d’acteurs. Interroger les locaux permet également de saisir les revendications sociales des acteurs et les conséquences sur les luttes pour le territoire. L’étude des processus conflictuels permet ainsi de révéler les rapports de pouvoir et les enjeux de contrôle de l’espace à l’origine de la transformation des territoires soulevés par l’établissement d’une activité nouvelle
Brazil registered an important increase in production of sugar cane from the years 2000. The sugar ethanol sector performs such cultivation in order to produce sugar, alcohol and electric power. The increase in production comes in response to the new global order, as the search for alternatives to fossil fuels, or the global demand for food. This situation encourages the arrival of new investors in the sugar market and the agrofuel production. So, it would be appropriate to "crises convergence" (environmental, food and energy) an attempt to conceal a way of renewing the agribusiness image, based on "greening" their practices and speeches production, seeking social acceptance and continuance of its expansion? In fact, conflict since the implementation of the sugar cane border territories agricultural sector, as occurs in the Dourados region, located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, West-Central Brazil. These conflicts there are relation with the recently plants installed close to local actors, with different objects and involving a variety of agent’s groups. To question the local actors understand the actor’s social claims and their effect on the fight for territory. The conflicting processes study allows to reveal the relations of power and control issues of space resulting in the transformation of the territories affected by an activity establishment
O Brasil registrou um importante aumento da produção de cana-de-açúcar a partir dos anos 2000. O setor sucroenergético realiza tal cultivo a fim de produzir açúcar, álcool e energia elétrica. A elevação da produção vem em resposta à novas injunções globais, como a busca de alternativas aos combustiveis fósseis, ou a demanda mundial por alimentos. Essa conjuntura incentiva a chegada de novos investidores no mercado do açúcar e dos agrocombustiveís. Do mesmo modo que esses investimentos, impulsionados pelo fenômeno de “corridas pelas terras” na escala mundial, provocaram expressões de preocupação de parte da sociedade civil, associações e pesquisadores em ciências sociais, a expansão da cana-de-açúcar tambem levanta questionamentos sobre os objetivos seguidos pelas empresas e as repercusões locais. Assim, seria a conveniente “convergência das crises” (ecolôgica, energética e alimentar) uma tentativa de dissimular uma forma de renovação da imagem do agronegócio, baseada na “ecologização” de suas práticas e na produção dos discursos, buscando aceitação social e continuidade de sua expansão? De fato, surgem conflito desde a implementação do setor nos territórios de fronteira agrícola da cana-de-açúcar, como ocorre na região de Dourados, localizada no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Esses conflitos confrontam as usinas recentes instaladas aos atores locais, com diferentes objetos e envolvendo uma variedade de grupos de atores. Questionar os atores locais, testemunhando as transformações que vivem os territórios, e os atores ligados ao desenvolvimento do setor, permite revelar os problemas causados pela implementação das usinas. Permite ainda, entender as reivindicações sociais dos atores e suas consequëncias sobre as lutas pelo território. O estudo dos processos conflituosos permitem revelar as relações de poder e as questões de controle do espaço originando a transformação dos territórios influenciados pelo estabelecimento de uma atividade

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
In market relations, there are several ways for agents to negotiate with each other, since open market negotiations, purely transactional, to relationships characterized by building partnerships or alliances. Therefore, an alternative is collaboration. In the context of supply chain management, collaboration among members of the same chain refers to the idea of organizations engaged in working together. On the other hand, the collaborative approach should not be adopted between the organization and all the agents with whom interacts, must choose well, for different types of collaborative relationships, according to their actual needs and to save own resources. Thus, some authors classify the types of relationships in the supply chain according to level of collaboration among the agents, and are commonly found in the literature three stages of relationship, namely: cooperation, coordination and collaboration. To identify each of these stages has a distinct set of enhancer elements and actions, these characteristics that have been raised in this study based on systematic literature review. Additionally, it was identified examples of motivating factors for companies to engage in conduct collaborative. It is worth noting that the chain studied here is of the fruits and vegetables. Described this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to characterize the different stages of the collaborative relationship between supplier of fruits and vegetables and supermarket retail chains. The method used in this study corresponds a multi case study, which examined the relationships between a supplier of fruits and vegetables and five retail supermarkets, his customers. As a result, it was identified different stages of collaborative relationship between the supplier in question and each of the retailers surveyed, for the cases studied exhibited distinct sets of characteristics in terms of elements and actions. Regarding the motivation for these companies feel encouraged to develop and maintain collaborative relationships, a set of factors was found to be the same for all relationships investigated and examples of incentives are: to ensure product availability; reduce the impact of out-of-stocks (unavailability of product) in the retail market; reduce physical losses of product; increase sales and; customer loyalty when buying fruits and vegetables in store supermarket. Therefore, through this study, it was obtained drivers capable of guiding suppliers and supermarket stores in search of collaborative management for the chain of fruits and vegetables, highlighting the opportunities associated with improving the availability of the product at shelf, thereby ensuring a better customer service.
Nas relações de mercado, existem várias maneiras para que os agentes negociem entre si, desde negociações no mercado spot, puramente transacional, até relacionamentos caracterizados pela construção de parcerias ou alianças. Por conseguinte, uma das alternativas é a colaboração. No contexto de gestão da cadeia de suprimento, a colaboração entre membros de uma mesma cadeia remete à ideia de organizações engajadas em trabalhos conjuntos. Por outro lado, a postura colaborativa não deve ser adotada entre a organização e todos os agentes com os quais ela interage, devendo optar, assim, por diferentes tipos de relacionamentos colaborativos, de acordo com as suas necessidades reais e de modo a poupar recursos próprios. Dessa forma, alguns autores classificam os tipos de relações na cadeia de suprimento de acordo com nível de colaboração entre os agentes, sendo que são comumente encontrados na literatura três estágios de relacionamento, a saber: cooperação, coordenação e colaboração. Para identificar cada um desses estágios, tem-se um conjunto distinto de elementos facilitadores e ações, características estas que foram levantadas nesse trabalho com base na revisão sistemática da literatura. Adicionalmente, foram identificados exemplos de fatores motivadores para que as empresas se engajem na conduta colaborativa. Cabe destacar que cadeia aqui estudada é a de hortifrúti. Descrito esse contexto, o objetivo principal da presente dissertação é caracterizar os diferentes estágios do relacionamento colaborativo entre fornecedor de frutas, legumes e verduras e redes do varejo supermercadista. O método empregado nessa pesquisa corresponde ao estudo de casos múltiplos, em que foram analisados os relacionamentos entre um fornecedor de hortifrúti e cinco redes do varejo supermercadista, clientes dele. Como resultados, foram identificados diferentes estágios de relacionamento colaborativo entre o fornecedor em questão e cada uma das redes pesquisadas, pois os casos estudados apresentaram conjuntos distintos de características, em termos de elementos e ações. No que se refere à motivação para que essas empresas se sintam encorajadas a desenvolver e manter relações nos moldes de colaboração, o conjunto de fatores encontrado foi o mesmo para os relacionamentos pesquisados, sendo os seguintes exemplos de incentivos: garantir a disponibilidade do produto; reduzir o impacto da ruptura de gôndola (indisponibilidade de produto) no varejo supermercadista; reduzir as perdas físicas de produto; aumentar o volume de vendas e; fidelizar os clientes quanto à compra de hortifrútis na loja supermercadista. Por conseguinte, através dessa pesquisa, obtiveram-se direcionadores capazes de orientar fornecedores e lojas supermercadistas na busca da gestão colaborativa para a cadeia de hortifrúti, destacando as oportunidades associadas à melhoria da disponibilidade do produto no ponto de venda, garantindo, portanto, um melhor atendimento ao consumidor.

Este trabalho tem como base o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de Marketing para o lançamento de nozes produzidas numa quinta, em Monte do Trigo, concelho de Évora, Alentejo, logo o seu principal objetivo é o desenvolvimento de um plano de marketing para a Alênoz para introdução de nozes no mercado nacional. No âmbito da realização do mesmo foi efetuado um enquadramento teórico, com recurso à pesquisa bibliográfica, sobre os temas Agronegócio, lançamento de produtos e planeamento de marketing. A nível metodológico recorreu-se a fontes secundárias, entrevista e observação no terreno. O modelo de Plano de Marketing a aplicar na empresa Alênoz resultou da perspetiva dos autores Hartline e Ferrel (2011) e Baynast, Lendrevie, Lévy, Dionísio, e Rodrigues (2018). Recorreu-se a estes dois modelos com o objetivo de desenvolver um plano de marketing que proporcione maiores vantagens à empresa agrícola Alênoz. O resultado final consistiu na elaboração do plano de marketing para o período 2020-22; Abstract: Marketing Plan for introduce Walnuts in National Market : The case of Alênoz This work is based on the development of a marketing strategy for the release of nuts produced in a farm in Monte do Trigo, Évora, Alentejo, so, its main objective is the development of a marketing plan for the introduction of nuts in the national market. As part of its realization, a theoretical framework was carried out, using bibliographic research, on the topics of Agribusiness, product launches and marketing planning. At the methodological level, secondary sources, interviews and field observations were used. The marketing plan to be applied at the company Alênoz, resulted from the perspective of the authors Hartline e Ferrel (2011) and Baynast, Lendrevie, Lévy, Dionísio, e Rodrigues (2018). These two models were used in order to develop a marketing plan that provides the best advantages to the agricultural company, Alênoz. The final result was the elaboration of the marketing plan for the period 2020-22.

Businesses in Swaziland have been somewhat cushioned against the impact of world trade liberation and least as far as home and regional markets are concerned (Ministry of Enterprise and Employment, 2005: 18). The country's position with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) affords temporary protection against the competition felt by economies elsewhere in Africa. Furthermore, with limited domestic markets, export-oriented industries are the backbone of Swaziland's economy (Thompson, 2010:19). Trade vibrancy caused by globalisation, health standards requirements and other factors has started affecting export industries. It is therefore, important that the businesses in Swaziland prepare for more intense competition in the future. This could be achieved through improved management and improved productivity which would then enhance competitiveness. The decrease of foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector, the removal of trade preferences among top export industries (sugar, textile), decrease in demand for export products (as a result of economic downturn), indicates that there is a problem of competitiveness in the Swaziland agribusiness sector. Therefore, the objectives of the study are; to determine the constraining and enhancing factors of competitiveness of the agribusiness sector of Swaziland and to develop the strategies to improve competitiveness of the sector. A structured questionnaire adapted from the Agricultural Business Chambers (ABC) of South Africa was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews. Porter's (1998) theory for the determinant of competitive advantage was used as a base in designing the questionnaire in order to capture the constraining and enhancing factors influencing competitive advantage. The target group comprised decisionmakers (chief executive, managing directors) for agribusiness firms, including in the following industries: dairy, sugar, animal feed, maize, livestock and poultry, textile. The data was analysed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) and was presented in tableau and figure format. The scale of classification used when analysing the determinants of competitiveness was; a mean score of 1 meant constraining competitiveness success; a mean score of 3 meant moderate effect and a mean score of 5 meant enhancing competitiveness success. Most of the determinants [factor (2.72), demand (2.64), related and supporting industries (2.29), chance (2.46) and government conditions (2.48)] were constraining competitiveness. The top three factors contributing to this are: unavailability of professional labour (1.63), costs of inputs and supplies (1.69), incompetent (1.69) and ineffective public sector personnel (1.88) and small local market size (1.88). The only determinant that has the ability to enhance competitiveness is the firm's strategy, structure and rivalry conditions, as indicated by a moderate mean score of 3.38. The top three factors enhancing competitiveness success of the agribusiness sector are; production of high quality affordable products (4.19), availability of water for production and processing purposes (4.00), and the cost of unskilled or semiskilled labour (3.94). The Porter analysis indicated that the competitive environment in which the sector operates in is unfavourable and does not enhance competitiveness. An analysis of the interviewed industries revealed that the overall performance of each industry, particularly the sugar, dairy and maize industries are moderately competitive compared to the other ones. This is supported by the finding that these industries have three determinants of comparative advantage enhancing competitiveness. Special attention, through implementation of strategies to enhance the competitiveness of the agribusiness sector is necessary. This could be achieved though collaboration and intervention by all participants in the sector. The strategies are explained in terms of roles that could be played by the agribusinesses and the government. Strategies involve; industry coordination to minimise costs, market orientation strategy, HIV/AIDS services at company level, encouraging sustainable investments, products diversification and promoting internship and graduate training programmes. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted

碩士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
99
The entrepreneurial operation of Don-Nam farmers'' association is a revolution for Taiwan agribusiness. The government has used Don-Nam farmers'' association as a role model for promoting agricultural policies –“Small Land-owners & Big Land-renters” and “Traceability System”. Don-Nam farmers'' association has implemented cost-efficient strategies to produce large numbers of standardized agricultural products such as carrots and potatoes. Facing the challenge of global competition and consumers’ diet preference change, Don-Nam farmers'' association has realized the importance of ''market-oriented'' strategy to increase competitive advantage.. This study is intended to conduct a complete evaluation of performance indicators to identify and implement the key strategies for the continuous improvement of the agribusiness of Don-Nam farmers'' association. Emphasizing both financial and non-financial measures, Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) is used to identify the key performance indicators of Don-Nam farmers'' association through the aspects of four strategies, including ''cost-oriented'' strategy, ''market-oriented'' strategy, ''innovation'' strategy, and ''learning'' strategy. In addition, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to establish priorities among the four strategies and also examine the relative importance of the elements within those strategies. After consulting the director of supply and marketing department, this study designs the questionnaires filled out by the staff of Don-Nam farmers'' association for conducting the analysis of AHP and BSC. The analysis is then used to develop a strategy map for the association with a glance of view of key performance indicators in the four strategy perspectives