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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Airglow Observations"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 gennaio 2023

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1

Wüst, Sabine, Michael Bittner, Patrick J. Espy, W. John R. French, and Frank J. Mulligan. "Hydroxyl airglow observations for investigating atmospheric dynamics: results and challenges." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 1599–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1599-2023.

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Abstract. Measurements of hydroxyl (OH*) airglow intensity are a straightforward and cost-efficient method which allows the derivation of information about the climate and dynamics of the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) on different spatiotemporal scales during darkness. Today, instrument components can be bought “off-the-shelf” and developments in detector technology allows operation without cooling, or at least without liquid nitrogen cooling, which is difficult to automate. This makes instruments compact and suitable for automated operation. Here, we briefly summarize why an OH*

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2

Duann, Yi, Loren C. Chang, Chi-Yen Lin, Yueh-Chun Hsieh, Yun-Cheng Wen, Charles C. H. Lin, and Jann-Yenq Liu. "A Methodology of Retrieving Volume Emission Rate from Limb-Viewed Airglow Emission Intensity by Combining the Techniques of Abel Inversion and Deep Learning." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010074.

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The conversion of airglow intensity to volume emission rate (VER) is a common method for studying the ionosphere, but the contribution of the intensity conversion process to the uncertainty in estimated electron or ion density is significant. The Abel inversion is a commonly used method for retrieving VERs from vertical profiles of airglow intensities accumulated along the rays horizontally at the tangent point, but it requires that the intensities converge to zero at their uppermost height, which is often not the case due to observational limitations. In this study, we present a method for op

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3

Huang, Tai-Yin. "Special Issue Editorial: Atmospheric Airglow—Recent Advances in Observations, Experimentations, and Modeling." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020202.

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4

Xu, J. Y., W. J. Liu, J. C. Bian, X. Liu, W. Yuan, and C. Wang. "Method for retrieval of atmospheric water vapor using OH airglow for correction of astronomical observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834621.

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Context. Water vapor in the atmosphere undergoes quick spatial and temporal variations. This has a serious impact on ground-based astronomical observations from the visible band to the infrared band resulting from water vapor attenuation and emission. Aims. We seek to show how the sky spectrum of an astronomical observation can be used to determine the amount of precipitable water vapor (PWV) along the line of sight toward the science target. Methods. In this work, we discuss a method to retrieve the PWV from the OH(8-3) band airglow spectrum. We analyzed the influences of the pressure and tem

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5

McDade, Ian C., and Edward J. Llewellyn. "Satellite airglow limb tomography: Methods for recovering structured emission rates in the mesospheric airglow layer." Canadian Journal of Physics 71, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1993): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p93-084.

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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using satellite airglow limb tomography to study spatial structures in the airglow emissions of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We describe inversion procedures for converting satellite airglow limb observations into two-dimensional distributions of volume emission rates. The performance of the inversion procedures is assessed using simulated limb observations and we demonstrate the potential of this tomographic technique for studying the horizontal and vertical characteristics of wave-driven disturbances in the 80–100 km region.

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6

Sarkhel, Sumanta, Gunter Stober, Jorge L. Chau, Steven M. Smith, Christoph Jacobi, Subarna Mondal, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III. "A case study of a ducted gravity wave event over northern Germany using simultaneous airglow imaging and wind-field observations." Annales Geophysicae 40, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-179-2022.

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Abstract. An intriguing and rare gravity wave event was recorded on the night of 25 April 2017 using a multiwavelength all-sky airglow imager over northern Germany. The airglow imaging observations at multiple altitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region reveal that a prominent upward-propagating wave structure appeared in O(1S) and O2 airglow images. However, the same wave structure was observed to be very faint in OH airglow images, despite OH being usually one of the brightest airglow emissions. In order to investigate this rare phenomenon, the altitude profile of the vertical

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7

Maihara, Toshinori, Fumihide Iwamuro, Takuya Yamashita, Donald N. B. Hall, Lennox L. Cowie, Alan T. Tokunaga, and Andrew Pickles. "Observations of the OH airglow emission." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 105 (September 1993): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/133259.

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8

Unterguggenberger, Stefanie, Stefan Noll, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, Wolfgang Kausch, Stefan Kimeswenger, Amy Jones, and Sabine Moehler. "Measuring FeO variation using astronomical spectroscopic observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 6 (March 28, 2017): 4177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4177-2017.

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Abstract. Airglow emission lines of OH, O2, O and Na are commonly used to probe the MLT (mesosphere–lower thermosphere) region of the atmosphere. Furthermore, molecules like electronically excited NO, NiO and FeO emit a (pseudo-) continuum. These continua are harder to investigate than atomic emission lines. So far, limb-sounding from space and a small number of ground-based low-to-medium resolution spectra have been used to measure FeO emission in the MLT. In this study the medium-to-high resolution echelle spectrograph X-shooter at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the Chilean Atacama Desert

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9

Lee, Dae-Hee, Kwang-Il Seon, Jang-Hyun Park, Ho Jin, In-Soo Yuk, Uk-Won Nam, Won-Yong Han, et al. "FIMS WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION VIA AIRGLOW LINE OBSERVATIONS." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2004.21.4.391.

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10

López-Moreno, José J., Carmen Morales, José F. Gómez, Joaquín Trapero, Stuart Bowyer, Jerry Edelstein, Michael Lampton, and Eric J. Korpela. "EURD observations of EUV nightime airglow lines." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 2937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl52079.

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11

Shepherd, Gordon G., Jacek Stegman, Werner Singer, and Raymond G. Roble. "Equinox transition in wind and airglow observations." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, no. 6-9 (April 2004): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.005.

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12

Wraight, P. C., and R. J. Forsyth. "A multi-channel spectrometer for airglow observations." Planetary and Space Science 36, no. 11 (November 1988): 1269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(88)90078-5.

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13

Otsuka, Y., K. Shiokawa, T. Ogawa, and P. Wilkinson. "Geomagnetic conjugate observations of equatorial airglow depletions." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 15 (August 2002): 43–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015347.

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14

Martinis, Carlos, Dustin Hickey, Joei Wroten, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Rebecca Macinnis, Caity Sullivan, and Santiago Padilla. "All-Sky Imager Observations of the Latitudinal Extent and Zonal Motion of Magnetically Conjugate 630.0 nm Airglow Depletions." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060642.

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630.0 nm all-sky imaging data are used to detect airglow depletions associated with equatorial spread F. Pairs of imagers located at geomagnetically conjugate locations in the American sector at low and mid-latitudes provide information on the occurrence rate and zonal motion of airglow depletions. Airglow depletions are seen extending to magnetic latitudes as high as 25°. An asymmetric extension is observed with structures in the northern hemisphere reaching higher latitudes. By tracking the zonal motion of airglow depletions, zonal plasma drifts in the thermosphere can be inferred and their

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15

López-González, M. J., E. Rodríguez, R. H. Wiens, G. G. Shepherd, S. Sargoytchev, S. Brown, M. G. Shepherd, et al. "Seasonal variations of O<sub>2</sub> atmospheric and OH(6−2) airglowand temperature at mid-latitudes from SATI observations." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (March 19, 2004): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-819-2004.

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Abstract. More than 3 years of airglow observations with a Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) installed at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (37.06°N, 3.38°W) at 2900m height have been analyzed. Values of the column emission rate and vertically averaged temperature of the O2 atmospheric (0–1) band and of the OH Meinel (6–2) band from 1998 to 2002 have been presented. From these observations a clear seasonal variation of both emission rates and rotational temperatures is inferred at this latitude. It is found that the annual variation of the temperatures is larger than the semi-annual varia

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16

Franzen, Christoph, Robert Edward Hibbins, Patrick Joseph Espy, and Anlaug Amanda Djupvik. "Optimizing hydroxyl airglow retrievals from long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 8 (August 25, 2017): 3093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3093-2017.

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Abstract. Astronomical spectroscopic observations from ground-based telescopes contain background emission lines from the terrestrial atmosphere's airglow. In the near infrared, this background is composed mainly of emission from Meinel bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is produced in highly excited vibrational states by reduction of ozone near 90 km. This emission contains a wealth of information on the chemical and dynamical state of the Earth's atmosphere. However, observation strategies and data reduction processes are usually optimized to minimize the influence of these features on the astron

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17

Mishin, E. V., W. J. Burke, and T. Pedersen. "HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith: theoretical considerations." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2005): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-47-2005.

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Abstract. Observations of airglow at 630nm (red line) and 557.7nm (green line) during HF modification experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility are analyzed. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the generation of Langmuir and ion acoustic waves during magnetic zenith injections. We show that observations of HF-induced airglow in an underdense ionosphere as well as a decrease in the height of the emitting volume are consistent with this scenario.

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18

Sun, Kang, Mahdi Yousefi, Christopher Chan Miller, Kelly Chance, Gonzalo González Abad, Iouli E. Gordon, Xiong Liu, Ewan O'Sullivan, Christopher E. Sioris, and Steven C. Wofsy. "An optimal estimation-based retrieval of upper atmospheric oxygen airglow and temperature from SCIAMACHY limb observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 12 (June 23, 2022): 3721–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3721-2022.

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Abstract. An optimal estimation-based algorithm is developed to retrieve the number density of excited oxygen (O2) molecules that generate airglow emissions near 0.76 µm (b1Σg+ or A band) and 1.27 µm (a1Δg or 1Δ band) in the upper atmosphere. Both oxygen bands are important for the remote sensing of greenhouse gases. The algorithm is applied to the limb spectra observed by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument in both the nominal (tangent heights below ∼ 90 km) and mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) modes (tangent heights spanning 50–

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19

Suzuki, S., K. Shiokawa, A. Z. Liu, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, and T. Nakamura. "Characteristics of equatorial gravity waves derived from mesospheric airglow imaging observations." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 4 (April 6, 2009): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1625-2009.

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Abstract. We present the characteristics of small-scale (<100 km) gravity waves in the equatorial mesopause region derived from OH airglow imaging observations at Kototabang (100.3° E, 0.2° S), Indonesia, from 2002 to 2005. We adopted a method that could automatically detect gravity waves in the airglow images using two-dimensional cross power spectra of gravity waves. The propagation directions of the waves were likely controlled by zonal filtering due to stratospheric mean winds that show a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the presence of many wave sources in the troposphere.

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20

Song, Rui, Martin Kaufmann, Jörn Ungermann, Manfred Ern, Guang Liu, and Martin Riese. "Tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric gravity wave parameters from airglow observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2017): 4601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4601-2017.

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Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Therefore, global observations of GWs in the MLT region are of particular interest. The small scales of GWs, however, pose a major problem for the observation of GWs from space. We propose a new observation strategy for GWs in the mesopause region by combining limb and sub-limb satellite-borne remote sensing measurements for improving the spatial resolution of temperatures that are retrieved from atmospheric soundings. In our study, we simulate satellite observations of the rota

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21

Ogawa, T., Y. Otsuka, F. Onoma, K. Shiokawa, and M. Yamamoto. "The first coordinated observations of mid-latitude <i>E</i>-region quasi-periodic radar echoes and lower thermospheric 557.7-nm airglow." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 7 (October 14, 2005): 2391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2391-2005.

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Abstract. We present the first coordinated observations of quasi-periodic (QP) radar echoes from sporadic-E (Es) field-aligned irregularities (FAIs), OI 557.7-nm airglow, and neutral winds in a common volume over Shigaraki, Japan (34.9° N, 136.1° E) on the night of 5 August 2002 during the SEEK-2 campaign. QP echo altitudes of 90-110 km were lower than usual by 10 km, enabling us to make a detailed comparison among QP echoes, airglow intensity, and neutral wind at around 96 km altitude. Eastward movement of the QP echo regions is consistent with the motions of neutral winds, airglow structures

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22

Evans, W. F. J., R. L. Gattinger, A. L. Broadfoot, and E. J. Llewellyn. "The observation of chemiluminescent NiO<sup>*</sup> emissions in the laboratory and in the night airglow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 11839–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-11839-2011.

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Abstract. The recent finding of an orange spectral feature in OSIRIS/Odin spectra of the night airglow near 85 km has raised interest in the origin of the emission. The feature was positively identified as the chemiluminescent FeO* emission where the iron is of meteoric origin. Since the meteorite source of atomic metals in the mesosphere contains both iron and nickel, with Ni being typically 6% of Fe, it is expected that faint emissions involving Ni should also be present in the night airglow. The present study summarizes the laboratory observations of chemiluminescent NiO* emissions and incl

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23

Михалев, Александр, Aleksandr Mikhalev, Степан Подлесный, Stepan Podlesny, Пенка Стоева, and Penka Stoeva. "Night airglow in RGB mode." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, no. 3 (October 27, 2016): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22289.

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To study dynamics of the upper atmosphere, we consider results of the night sky photometry, using a color CCD camera and taking into account the night airglow and features of its spectral composition. We use night airglow observations for 2010–2015, which have been obtained at the ISTP SB RAS Geophysical Observatory (52° N, 103° E) by the camera with KODAK KAI-11002 CCD sensor. We estimate average brightness of the night sky in R, G, B channels of the color camera for eastern Siberia with typical values ranging from ~0.008 to 0.01 erg·cm–2·s–1. Besides, we determine seasonal variations in the

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24

Kristoffersen, S. K., W. E. Ward, S. Brown, and J. R. Drummond. "Calibration and validation of the advanced E-Region Wind Interferometer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 6 (November 14, 2012): 8271–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8271-2012.

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Abstract. The advanced E-Region Wind Interferometer (ERWIN II) combines the imaging capabilities of a CCD detector with the wide field associated with field widened Michelson interferometry. This instrument is capable of simultaneous multi-directional wind observations for three different airglow emissions (oxygen green line (O(1S)), the PQ(7) and PP(7) emission lines in the O2(0–1) atmospheric band and P1(3) emission line in the (6,2) hydroxyl Meinel band) on a three minute cadence. In each direction, for 45 s measurements for typical airglow brightness the instrument is capable of line-of-si

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Evans, W. F. J., R. L. Gattinger, A. L. Broadfoot, and E. J. Llewellyn. "The observation of chemiluminescent NiO* emissions in the laboratory and in the night airglow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2011): 9595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9595-2011.

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Abstract. The recent finding of an orange spectral feature in OSIRIS/Odin spectra of the night airglow near 87 km has raised interest in the origin of the emission. The feature was positively identified as the chemiluminescent FeO* emission where the iron is of meteoric origin. Since the meteorite source of atomic metals in the mesosphere contains both iron and nickel, with Ni being typically 6 % of Fe, it is expected that faint emissions involving Ni should also be present in the night airglow. The present study summarizes the laboratory observations of chemiluminescent NiO* emissions and inc

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26

Hecht, J. H., R. L. Walterscheid, J. Woithe, L. Campbell, R. A. Vincent, and I. M. Reid. "Trends of airglow imager observations near Adelaide, Australia." Geophysical Research Letters 24, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl00128.

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27

Lowe, R. P., K. L. Gilbert, and D. N. Turnbull. "High latitude summer observations of the hydroxyl airglow." Planetary and Space Science 39, no. 9 (September 1991): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(91)90040-h.

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Gattinger, R. L., W. F. J. Evans, D. A. Degenstein, and E. J. Llewellyn. "A spectral model of the FeO orange bands with a comparison between a laboratory spectrum and a night airglow spectrum observed by OSIRIS on Odin." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 2 (February 2011): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p11-003.

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Emissions from the FeO orange bands have been observed in the laboratory for many decades. The transition has been identified as D(5Δi)–X(5Δi) where the subscript identifies the five Ω spin components. While the ground-state molecular constants are well-known, information on the upper state is less precise, and this is primarily due to significant energy level perturbations. Using the available constants, a preliminary spectral simulation model of the orange bands has been developed with a wavelength accuracy of approximately 1/3 nm. Using data from the OSIRIS spectrograph on board the Odin sp

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Sekar, R., D. Chakrabarty, R. Narayanan, S. Sripathi, A. K. Patra, and K. S. V. Subbarao. "Characterization of VHF radar observations associated with equatorial Spread F by narrow-band optical measurements." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (September 23, 2004): 3129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3129-2004.

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Abstract. The VHF radars have been extensively used to investigate the structures and dynamics of equatorial Spread F (ESF) irregularities. However, unambiguous identification of the nature of the structures in terms of plasma depletion or enhancement requires another technique, as the return echo measured by VHF radar is proportional to the square of the electron density fluctuations. In order to address this issue, co-ordinated radar backscatter and thermospheric airglow intensity measurements were carried out during March 2003 from the MST radar site at Gadanki. Temporal variations of 630.0

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Gattinger, R. L., I. C. McDade, A. L. Broadfoot, W. F. J. Evans, J. Stegman, and E. J. Llewellyn. "Vibrational populations of near-ultraviolet O2 band systems in the night airglow 1This article is part of a Special issue that honours the work of Dr. Donald M. Hunten FRSC who passed away in December 2010 after a very illustrious career." Canadian Journal of Physics 90, no. 8 (August 2012): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-010.

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Observations of the limb night airglow spectrum from 250 to 475 nm, emitted from the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, are compared with model spectra. Data from the Arizona GLO-1 imaging spectrograph and the OSIRIS spectrograph are combined to form the observed mean airglow spectrum; a tabulated version of this spectrum is included. Model spectra of the individual O2 Herzberg I, II, and III, Chamberlain, and Slanger band systems are combined to simulate the observed mean spectrum. Franck–Condon relative band intensities are used to form a series of basis functions for the upper vibrati

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Kristoffersen, S. K., W. E. Ward, S. Brown, and J. R. Drummond. "Calibration and validation of the advanced E-Region Wind Interferometer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 7 (July 23, 2013): 1761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1761-2013.

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Abstract. The advanced E-Region Wind Interferometer (ERWIN II) combines the imaging capabilities of a CCD detector with the wide field associated with field-widened Michelson interferometry. This instrument is capable of simultaneous multi-directional wind observations for three different airglow emissions (oxygen green line (O(1S)) at a height of ~97 km, the PQ(7) and P(7) emission lines in the O2(0–1) atmospheric band at ~93 km and P1(3) emission line in the (6, 2) hydroxyl Meinel band at ~87 km) on a three minute cadence. In each direction, for 45 s measurements for typical airglow volume e

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Wüst, Sabine, Carsten Schmidt, Patrick Hannawald, Michael Bittner, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III. "Observations of OH airglow from ground, aircraft, and satellite: investigation of wave-like structures before a minor stratospheric warming." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 9 (May 16, 2019): 6401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6401-2019.

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Abstract. In January and February 2016, the OH airglow camera system FAIM (Fast Airglow Imager) measured during six flights on board the research aircraft FALCON in northern Scandinavia. Flight 1 (14 January 2016) covering the same ground track in several flight legs and flight 5 (28 January 2016) along the shoreline of Norway are discussed in detail in this study. The images of the OH airglow intensity are analysed with a two-dimensional FFT regarding horizontal periodic structures between 3 and 26 km horizontal wavelength and their direction of propagation. Two ground-based spectrometers (GR

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Pilger, Christoph, Carsten Schmidt, Florian Streicher, Sabine Wüst, and Michael Bittner. "Airglow observations of orographic, volcanic and meteorological infrasound signatures." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 104 (November 2013): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.008.

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Hecht, James H., Suzanne K. Ramsay Howat, Richard L. Walterscheid, and Joseph R. Isler. "Observations of variations in airglow emissions during ALOHA-93." Geophysical Research Letters 22, no. 20 (October 15, 1995): 2817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95gl03019.

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Mikhalev, A. V., M. A. Tashchilin, and S. M. Sakerin. "Effect of Atmospheric Aerosol on Ground-Based Airglow Observations." Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 32, no. 4 (July 2019): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1024856019040109.

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Yang, Yu-Ming, Olga Verkhoglyadova, Martin G. Mlynczak, Anthony J. Mannucci, Xing Meng, Richard B. Langley, and Linda A. Hunt. "Satellite-based observations of tsunami-induced mesosphere airglow perturbations." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl070764.

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Colerico, M. J., M. Mendillo, C. G. Fesen, and J. Meriwether. "Comparative investigations of equatorial electrodynamics and low-to-mid latitude coupling of the thermosphere-ionosphere system." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 2 (March 23, 2006): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-503-2006.

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Abstract. The thermospheric midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is a highly variable, but persistent, large scale neutral temperature enhancement which occurs at low latitudes. Its occurrence can impact many fundamental upper atmospheric parameters such as pressure, density, neutral winds, neutral density, and F-region plasma. Although the MTM has been the focus of several investigations employing various instrumentation including photometers, satellites, and Fabry-Perot interferometers, limited knowledge exists regarding the latitude extent of its influence on the upper atmosphere. This is lar

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38

Egito, Fabio, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, Amauri Fragoso Medeiros, and Hisao Takahashi. "Ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT airglow and wind, and their interaction with the atmospheric tides." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-231-2018.

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Abstract. Airglow and wind measurements from the Brazilian equatorial region were used to investigate the presence and the effects of the 3–4-day ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT. The airglow integrated intensities of the OI557.7 nm, O2b(0-1) and OH(6-2) emissions, as well as the OH rotational temperature, were measured by a multichannel photometer, and the zonal and meridional wind components between 80 and 100 km were obtained from a meteor radar. Both instruments are installed in the Brazilian equatorial region at São João do Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W). Data from 2005 were used in this study

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López-González, M. J., E. Rodríguez, M. García-Comas, V. Costa, M. G. Shepherd, G. G. Shepherd, V. M. Aushev, and S. Sargoytchev. "Climatology of planetary wave type oscillations with periods of 2–20 days derived from O<sub>2</sub> atmospheric and OH(6-2) airglow observations at mid-latitude with SATI." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 9 (September 30, 2009): 3645–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3645-2009.

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Abstract. The presence of planetary wave type oscillations at mid-latitudes in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region has been investigated using airglow observations. The observations were taken with a Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) installed at Sierra Nevada Observatory (37.06° N, 3.38° W) at 2900 m height. Airglow data of the column emission rate of the O2 Atmospheric (0-1) band and of the OH Meinel (6-2) band and deduced rotational temperatures from 1998 to 2007 have been used in this study. From these observations a climatology of planetary wave type oscillations at this loc

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40

Innis, J. L., F. A. Phillips, G. B. Burns, P. A. Greet, W. J. R. French, and P. L. Dyson. "Mesospheric temperatures from observations of the hydroxyl (6–2) emission above Davis, Antarctica: A comparison of rotational and Doppler measurements." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2001): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-359-2001.

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Abstract. We present observations of the hydroxyl (6–2) airglow lines from ~ 87 km altitude obtained at Davis station, Antarctica, in the austral winter of 1999. Nine nights of observations were made of the P-branch near λ840 nm with a Czerny-Turner scanning spectrometer (CTS); at the same time, high-resolution Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (FPS) spectra were collected of the Q1(1) doublet at λ834 nm. Rotational temperatures were determined from the CTS observations, while Doppler temperatures were derived from the line-widths of the FPS Q1(1) spectra. Absolute temperatures determined by these meth

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41

Onoma, F., Y. Otsuka, K. Shiokawa, T. Ogawa, M. Yamamoto, S. Fukao, and S. Saito. "Relationship between propagation direction of gravity waves in OH and OI airglow images and VHF radar echo occurrence during the SEEK-2 campaign." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 7 (October 13, 2005): 2385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2385-2005.

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Abstract. We report simultaneous observations of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) in OI (557.7nm) and OH airglow images and VHF radar backscatter from field-aligned irregularities (FAI) in the E-region during the SEEK-2 (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu 2) campaign period from 29 July to 9 August 2002. An all-sky imager was operated at Nishino-Omote (30.5 N, 130.1 E), Japan. On 14 nights, 17 AGW events were detected in OI and OH airglow images. AGW propagated mostly toward the northeast or southeast. From comparison with the E-region FAI occurrence, which is detected by a nearby VHF radar (31.

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42

Medeiros, A. F., I. Paulino, M. J. Taylor, J. Fechine, H. Takahashi, R. A. Buriti, L. M. Lima, and C. M. Wrasse. "Twin mesospheric bores observed over Brazilian equatorial region." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-91-2016.

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Abstract. Two consecutive mesospheric bores were observed simultaneously by two all-sky cameras on 19 December 2006. The observations were carried out in the northeast of Brazil at two different stations: São João do Cariri (36.5° W, 7.4° S) and Monteiro (37.1° W, 7.9° S), which are by about 85 km apart. The mesospheric bores were observed within an interval of ∼ 3 h in the NIR OH and OI557.7 nm airglow emissions. Both bores propagated to the east and showed similar characteristics. However, the first one exhibited a dark leading front with several trailing waves behind and progressed into a b

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43

Franzen, Christoph, Patrick Joseph Espy, Niklas Hofmann, Robert Edward Hibbins, and Anlaug Amanda Djupvik. "Airglow Derived Measurements of Q-Branch Transition Probabilities for Several Hydroxyl Meinel Bands." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100637.

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Abstract (sommario):

Spectroscopic measurements of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow emissions are often used to infer neutral temperatures near the mesopause. Correct Einstein coefficients for the various transitions in the OH airglow are needed to calculate accurate temperatures. However, studies from some studys showed experimentally and theoretically that the most commonly used Einstein spontaneous emission transition probabilities for the Q-branch of the OH Meinel (6,2) transition are overestimated. Extending their work to several Δv = 2 and 3 transitions from v′ = 3 to 9, we have determined Einstein coefficients for

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44

Sims, Geoff, Michael C. B. Ashley, Xiangqun Cui, Jon R. Everett, LongLong Feng, Xuefei Gong, Shane Hengst, et al. "Airglow and Aurorae from Dome A, Antarctica." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (August 2012): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312017048.

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AbstractDespite the absence of artificial light pollution at Antarctic plateau sites such as Dome A, other factors such as airglow, aurorae and extended periods of twilight have the potential to adversely affect optical observations. We present a statistical analysis of the airglow and aurorae at Dome A using spectroscopic data from Nigel, an optical/near-IR spectrometer operating in the 300–850 nm range. The median auroral contribution to the B, V and R photometric bands is found to be 22.9, 23.4 and 23.0 mag arcsec−2 respectively. We are also able to quantify the amount of annual dark time a

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45

Liu, J. Y., P. K. Rajesh, I. T. Lee, and T. C. Chow. "Airglow observations over the equatorial ionization anomaly zone in Taiwan." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 5 (May 5, 2011): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-749-2011.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Airglow imaging at mid-latitude stations often show intensity modulations associated with medium scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID), while those carried out near the equatorial regions reveal depletions caused by equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB). Two all sky cameras are used to observe plasma depletions in the 630.0 nm emission over the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region, Taiwan (23° N, 121° E; 13.5° N Magnetic) during 1998–2002 and 2006–2007. The results show EPB and MSTID depletions in different solar activity conditions. Several new features of the EPB deplet

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46

Yue, Jia, Septi Perwitasari, Shuang Xu, Yuta Hozumi, Takuji Nakamura, Takeshi Sakanoi, Akinori Saito, Steven D. Miller, William Straka, and Pingping Rong. "Preliminary Dual-Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Airglow." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110650.

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Abstract (sommario):

Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are among the important energy and momentum transfer mechanisms from the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. Despite their understood importance in governing the structure and dynamics of these regions, mesospheric AGWs remain poorly measured globally, and largely unconstrained in numerical models. Since late 2011, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day–night band (DNB) has observed global AGWs near the mesopause by virtue of its sensitivity to weak emissions of the OH* Meinel bands.

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47

Ogawa, Y., A. Kadokura, and M. K. Ejiri. "Optical calibration system of NIPR for aurora and airglow observations." Polar Science 26 (December 2020): 100570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100570.

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48

Sekar, R., D. Chakrabarty, R. Narayanan, and A. K. Patra. "Equatorial Spread F structures and associated airglow intensity variations observed over Gadanki." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 12 (December 2, 2008): 3863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3863-2008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Co-ordinated campaigns have been conducted from Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E, dip lat 6.4° N) by operating simultaneously the Indian MST radar in ionospheric coherent backscatter mode and by monitoring thermosphere airglow line emissions (630.0 nm and 777.4 nm) using a narrow band multi-wavelength scanning photometer during January-March for the past five years (2003–2007) and also during April 2006, as a special campaign. Simultaneous radar and optical observations reveal optical signatures corresponding to a variety of equatorial spread F (ESF) structures. The optical signatures corre

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49

Михалев, Александр, Aleksandr Mikhalev, Степан Подлесный, Stepan Podlesny, Пенка Стоева, and Penka Stoeva. "Night airglow in RGB mode." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2016): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19040.

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Abstract (sommario):

TTo study dynamics of the upper atmosphere, we consider results of the night sky photometry, using a color CCD camera and taking into account the night airglow and features of its spectral composition. We use night airglow observations for 2010–2015, which have been obtained at the ISTP SB RAS Geophysical Observatory (52° N, 103° E) by the camera with KODAK KAI-11002 CCD sensor. We estimate average brightness of the night sky in R, G, B channels of the color camera for eastern Siberia with typical values ranging from ~0.008 to 0.01 erg·cm–2·s–1. Besides, we determine seasonal variations in the

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50

Martinis, C., J. Baumgardner, S. M. Smith, M. Colerico, and M. Mendillo. "Imaging science at El Leoncito, Argentina." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1375-2006.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Thermospheric and mesospheric structures are studied using an all-sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8° S, 69.3° W, –18° mag lat). This site has relatively high geographic latitude for a location under the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and thus observations can be used to study the intrusion of several equatorial processes into the midlatitude domain. In addition, it has a conjugate point close to the field of view of our companion imager at Arecibo, PR, allowing for the study of inter-hemispheric effects. Four types of phenomena were studied using 6

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