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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Alkanes"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Koch, Daniel J., Mike M. Chen, Jan B. van Beilen, and Frances H. Arnold. "In Vivo Evolution of Butane Oxidation by Terminal Alkane Hydroxylases AlkB and CYP153A6." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 2 (2008): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01758-08.

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ABSTRACT Enzymes of the AlkB and CYP153 families catalyze the first step in the catabolism of medium-chain-length alkanes, selective oxidation of the alkane to the 1-alkanol, and enable their host organisms to utilize alkanes as carbon sources. Small, gaseous alkanes, however, are converted to alkanols by evolutionarily unrelated methane monooxygenases. Propane and butane can be oxidized by CYP enzymes engineered in the laboratory, but these produce predominantly the 2-alkanols. Here we report the in vivo-directed evolution of two medium-chain-length terminal alkane hydroxylases, the integral

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2

Funhoff, Enrico G., Ulrich Bauer, Inés García-Rubio, Bernard Witholt, and Jan B. van Beilen. "CYP153A6, a Soluble P450 Oxygenase Catalyzing Terminal-Alkane Hydroxylation." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 14 (2006): 5220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00286-06.

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ABSTRACT The first and key step in alkane metabolism is the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes to 1-alkanols, a reaction catalyzed by a family of integral-membrane diiron enzymes related to Pseudomonas putida GPo1 AlkB, by a diverse group of methane, propane, and butane monooxygenases and by some membrane-bound cytochrome P450s. Recently, a family of cytoplasmic P450 enzymes was identified in prokaryotes that allow their host to grow on aliphatic alkanes. One member of this family, CYP153A6 from Mycobacterium sp. HXN-1500, hydroxylates medium-chain-length alkanes (C6 to C11) to 1-alkanols with

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3

Jacobs, Cheri Louise, Rodolpho do Aido-Machado, Carmien Tolmie, Martha Sophia Smit, and Diederik Johannes Opperman. "CYP153A71 from Alcanivorax dieselolei: Oxidation beyond Monoterminal Hydroxylation of n-Alkanes." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (2022): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101213.

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Selective oxyfunctionalization of non-activated C–H bonds remains a major challenge in synthetic chemistry. The biocatalytic hydroxylation of non-activated C–H bonds by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), however, offers catalysis with high regio- and stereoselectivity using molecular oxygen. CYP153s are a class of CYPs known for their selective terminal hydroxylation of n-alkanes and microorganisms, such as the bacterium Alcanivorax dieselolei, have evolved extensive enzymatic pathways for the oxyfunctionalization of various lengths of n-alkanes, including a CYP153 to yield medium-chain 1-

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4

Mayes, R. W., C. S. Lamb, and Patricia M. Colgrove. "The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 1 (1986): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600066910.

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SUMMARYThe recovery in the faeces of the n-alkanes of herbage (odd-chain, C27–C35) and of dosed artificial alkanes (even-chain, C28 and C32) was studied in twelve 4-month-old castrated male lambs. The lambs received three levels of cut, fresh perennial ryegrass or a mixed diet of perennial ryegrass (0·70) and a barley-based concentrate (0·30) (500–900 g D.M./day). C28 and C32 n-alkanes (130 mg each), absorbed onto shredded paper, were given once daily for 17 days to test whether the recoveries of herbage and dosed alkanes were similar to enable their use as markers for determining the herbage

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5

Gołębiowski, M., M. Paszkiewicz, A. Grubba, et al. "Cuticular and internal n-alkane composition of Lucilia sericata larvae, pupae, male and female imagines: application of HPLC-LLSD and GC/MS-SIM." Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 4 (2012): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000800.

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AbstractThe composition of cuticular and internal n-alkanes in Lucilia sericata larvae, pupae, and male and female imagines were studied. The cuticular and internal lipid extracts were separated by HPLC-LLSD, after which the hydrocarbon fraction was identified by GC/MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) and total ion current (TIC) modes.The cuticular lipids of the larvae contained seven n-alkanes from C23 to C31. The major n-alkane in L. sericata larvae was C29 (42.1%). The total cuticular n-alkane content in the cuticular lipids was 31.46 μg g−1 of the insect body. The internal lipids of L. ser

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6

Madhu, Azad, Myoseon Jang, and Yujin Jo. "Modeling the influence of carbon branching structure on secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 9 (2024): 5585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5585-2024.

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Abstract. Branched alkanes represent a significant proportion of hydrocarbons emitted in urban environments. To accurately predict the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) budgets in urban environments, these branched alkanes should be considered as SOA precursors. However, the potential to form SOA from diverse branched alkanes under varying environmental conditions is currently not well understood. In this study, the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model is extended to predict SOA formation via the multiphase reactions of various branched alkanes. Simulations with the UNIPAR

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7

Shu, Bin, Lijun Lin, Yingjun Zhang, Hai Wang, and Hailing Luo. "N-alkane profiles of common rangeland species in northern China and the influence of drying method on their concentrations." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (2008): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07008.

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Plant wax alkanes have been used as internal markers to estimate diet composition of grazing animals. However, alkane contents in samples may vary depending on the drying method used. This study was undertaken to determine the alkane profiles and concentrations of 17 common range land species in northern China with two different drying methods. The results showed that regardless of drying methods, the odd-chain alkanes, particular C29 and C33, predominated in cuticular wax in all 17 common species and their component plant parts. The alkane patterns of plant species within the same genus were

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8

Yang, Jiyuan, Guoyang Lei, Chang Liu, et al. "Characteristics of particulate-bound n-alkanes indicating sources of PM_2.5 in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 5 (2023): 3015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3015-2023.

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Abstract. The characteristics of n-alkanes and the contributions of various sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere in Beijing were investigated. PM2.5 samples were collected at Minzu University of China between November 2020 and October 2021, and n-alkanes in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A positive matrix factorization analysis model and source indices (the main carbon peaks, carbon preference indices, and plant wax contribution ratios) were used to identify the sources of n-alkanes, to determine the contributions of different sources

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9

Boadi, D. A., S. A. Moshtaghi Nia, K. M. Wittenberg, and W. P. McCaughey. "The n-alkane profile of some native and cultivated forages in Canada." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 3 (2002): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-084.

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Frage samples were collected from swards growing in Carberry, Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and St. John’s, Newfoundland, and the alkane concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. Considerable differences were observed in almost all odd-numbered alkanes and in their total content between species. The odd-numbered alkanes were always present in high concentrations compared to the even-chain alkanes in both native and cultivated species. Of the cultivated grasses, the fescues had very high concentrations of CN31 among the odd-chain alkanes, while the legumes te

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10

Baldwin, Robert L., and George D. Rose. "How the hydrophobic factor drives protein folding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 44 (2016): 12462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610541113.

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How hydrophobicity (HY) drives protein folding is studied. The 1971 Nozaki–Tanford method of measuring HY is modified to use gases as solutes, not crystals, and this makes the method easy to use. Alkanes are found to be much more hydrophobic than rare gases, and the two different kinds of HY are termed intrinsic (rare gases) and extrinsic (alkanes). The HY values of rare gases are proportional to solvent-accessible surface area (ASA), whereas the HY values of alkanes depend on special hydration shells. Earlier work showed that hydration shells produce the hydration energetics of alkanes. Evide

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11

Chen, W., J. M. Scott, G. J. Blair, and R. D. B. Lefroy. "Using plant cuticular alkanes to study plant-animal interactions on pastures." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 4 (1999): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-046.

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Two experiments were conducted to validate an approach of using plant cuticular alkanes to estimate diet composition and fecal output. In the first experiment, n-alkane patterns of the four major pasture species were determined and compared and a further two sets of pasture mixtures were prepared to validate the use of plant n-alkane patterns to estimate species composition. In the second experiment, estimates of daily fecal output of grazing sheep were compared using controlled-released devices containing either Cr2O3 or alkanes. There were considerable differences in odd-numbered alkanes and

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12

Mohamad Shahimin, Mohd Faidz, Julia M. Foght, and Tariq Siddique. "Methanogenic Biodegradation of iso-Alkanes by Indigenous Microbes from Two Different Oil Sands Tailings Ponds." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081569.

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iso-Alkanes, a major fraction of the solvents used in bitumen extraction from oil sand ores, are slow to biodegrade in anaerobic tailings ponds. We investigated methanogenic biodegradation of iso-alkane mixtures comprising either three (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane) or five (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, 2-methyloctane) iso-alkanes representing paraffinic and naphtha solvents, respectively. Mature fine tailings (MFT) collected from two tailings ponds, having different residual solvents (paraffinic solvent in Canadian Natural Upgrading Lim

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13

Jetter, Reinhard, and Markus Riederer. "Cuticular waxes from the leaves and fruit capsules of eight Papaveraceae species." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (1996): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-052.

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Cuticular waxes from leaves and fruit capsules of Papaver alpinum sensu Markgr., P. bracteatum Lindl., P. dubium L., P. nudicaule L., P. orientale L., P. rhoeas L., P. somniferum L., and Eschscholtzia californica Cham. were investigated. They consisted of n-alkanes (< 19%), alk-1-ylesters (< 18%), alk-2-ylesters (< 6%), alkanals (< 19%), secondary alkanols (21–71%, mainly nonacosan-10-ol), triglycerides (< 6%), primary alkanols (2–33%), alkanediols (2–23%, mainly isomeric nonacosanediols), alkanoic acids (< 8%), and alkaloids (< 12%). In addition, minor amounts of iso- and

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14

Ferreira, L. M. M., M. Oliván, M. A. M. Rodrigues, A. Dias-da-Silva, and K. Osoro. "The use of alkanes as markers for estimating diet composition in sheep and goats." BSAP Occasional Publication 34 (2006): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500042205.

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SummaryAn experiment was carried out to evaluate the use of alkanes for estimating diet composition of goats and sheep offered three different dietary treatments. Twelve animals as two groups of 4 crossbred goats (G1, 24 kg live weight; G2, 22 kg) and 4 crossbred sheep (S, 26 kg live weight), were housed in metabolism pens. Animals were offered daily a total of 1 kg DM/100 kg live weight. G1 received 70% ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and 30% gorse (Ulex gallii), G2 received 70% ryegrass and 30% heather (Erica sp.) and S group ate 100% ryegrass. Diet composition was estimated from the alkane concen

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15

Wilson, H., A. G. Sinclair, F. D. DeB Hovell, R. W. Mayes, and S. A. Edwards. "Validation of the n-alkane technique for measuring herbage intake in sows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000332x.

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N-alkanes are components of plant cuticular wax which have been successfully used as markers for the estimation of grass intake and digestibility in grazing ruminants (Dove and Mayes, 1991). Natural n-alkanes are predominately odd chain, and a known dose of an artificial even chain n-alkane (normally c32 or c36) is used to enable intake to be measured. Dietary n-alkanes may behave differently in the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants and non-ruminants (Mayes et al, 1995). Therefore, in order to utilise this methodology in studies of outdoor pigs, this experiment was carried out to validate t

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Bliedtner, Marcel, Hans von Suchodoletz, Imke Schäfer, et al. "Age and origin of leaf wax <i>n</i>-alkanes in fluvial sediment–paleosol sequences and implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 4 (2020): 2105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2105-2020.

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Abstract. Leaf wax n-alkanes are increasingly used for quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, this is complicated in sediment archives with associated hydrological catchments since the stored n-alkanes can have different ages and origins. 14C dating of the n-alkanes yields independent age information for these proxies, allowing their correct paleoenvironmental interpretation. This also holds true for fluvial sediment–paleosol sequences (FSPSs) that integrate two different n-alkane signals: (i) a catchment signal in fluvial sediments and (ii) an on-site signal from local biom

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LIN, L., G. LIU, and Y. ZHANG. "Study on the n-alkane patterns of five dominant forage species of the typical steppe grassland in Inner Mongolia of China." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 2 (2006): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606005995.

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The alkane patterns of the dominant forage species of the typical steppe grassland in Inner Mongolia were clarified, and the effects of species, sampling time and site on the concentrations of alkanes were evaluated. The results showed that alkanes with odd-numbered carbon chains in the range C25 (n-pentacosane)–C35 (n-pentatriacontane) were predominant in cuticular wax in five dominant grasses of the typical steppe. The C31 (n-hentriacontane) alkanes were always present in the highest concentration in the grass species, especially in the Stipa daicalensis and Stipa grandis. Samples of Artemis

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18

Mayes, R. V., I. A. Wright, C. S. Lamb, and Alison McBean. "The use of long-chain n-alkanes for estimating intake and digestibility of herbage in cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015920.

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Studies with sheep suggest that accurate estimates of herbage intake can be obtained by using the herbage alkane tritriacontane (C33) and dosed dotriacontane (C32) as markers, since the faecal recoveries of both alkanes have been shown to be very similar. To validate the technique for herbage intake estimation in grazing cattle there is a need to compare in cattle, the faecal recoveries of both herbage and dosed n-alkanes. It has been observed in sheep that the faecal recoveries of n-alkanes increase as their chain lengths increase, suggesting that the recovery of hexatriacontane (C36), an alk

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Marı́n, Mercedes M., Theo H. M. Smits, Jan B. van Beilen, and Fernando Rojo. "The Alkane Hydroxylase Gene of Burkholderia cepacia RR10 Is under Catabolite Repression Control." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 14 (2001): 4202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.14.4202-4209.2001.

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ABSTRACT In many microorganisms the first step for alkane degradation is the terminal oxidation of the molecule by an alkane hydroxylase. We report the characterization of a gene coding for an alkane hydroxylase in aBurkholderia cepacia strain isolated from an oil-contaminated site. The protein encoded showed similarity to other known or predicted bacterial alkane hydroxylases, although it clustered on a separate branch together with the predicted alkane hydroxylase of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. Introduction of the cloned B. cepacia gene into an alkane hydroxylase knockout mutant of

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Cisneros-Dozal, L. M., X. Xu, C. Bryant, E. J. Pearson, and J. A. J. Dungait. "Grass Material as a Modern Process Standard for 14C Analysis of n-Alkanes." Radiocarbon 58, no. 3 (2016): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.24.

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AbstractOne of the difficulties in reporting accurate radiocarbon results from compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) is the lack of suitable process standard materials to correct for the amount and 14C content of carbon added during extensive sample processing. We evaluated the use of n-alkanes extracted from modern grass material (1.224±0.006 fraction modern) as process standards for CSRA. The n-alkanes were isolated using preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC) from two independent chemical extraction methods applied to the grass. Since this was our first assessment of the 14

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21

Dardabou, Laid, José Carlos Martínez-Ávila, Markus Werner Schmidt, et al. "Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Plant Intake in Laying Hens: n-Alkanes as Predictive Fecal Markers for Dietary Composition Assessment." Animals 14, no. 3 (2024): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030378.

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The shift in animal welfare standards towards free-range housing for laying hens in the EU has raised questions about changes in dietary composition. Accurate assessment of outdoor plant material intake is crucial for effective feeding strategies. This study introduces an approach using n-alkanes as markers to determine plant intake in laying hens, involving n-alkane recovery rate assessment, discriminant analysis and linear equation-solving for both qualitative and quantitative assessment, respectively, considering systematic n-alkane combinations. Two diets: a standard commercial diet and a

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22

Hendricksen, R. E., M. M. Reich, R. F. Roberton, et al. "Estimating the voluntary intake and digestibility of buffel-grass and lucerne hays offered to Brahman-cross cattle using n-alkanes." Animal Science 74, no. 3 (2002): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052723.

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AbstractThe n-alkane method was developed in temperate areas as a tool to estimate voluntary intake (VI) at pasture. The present study aimed to investigate the performance of n-alkanes as markers for estimating VI of steers (mean live weight 213 kg) offered a range of tropical grass hays and lucerne. Tropical and temperate forages have different n-alkane profiles and little is known about the issues which affect the accuracy of the method under tropical conditions. In two pen experiments (no. = 20 and no. = 24) n-alkanes were dosed using intraruminal controlled-release devices. Actual mean vol

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HAMELEERS, A., and R. W. MAYES. "The use of n-alkanes to estimate supplementary grass silage intake in grazing dairy cows." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 2 (1998): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005760.

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A grazing experiment was carried out using 18 Holstein/Friesian dairy cows at the Scottish Agricultural College, Crichton Royal Farm in 1991, to investigate the use of n-alkanes for estimating supplementary grass silage intake by grazing dairy cows. Two groups of animals grazed perennial ryegrass swards and were offered a supplement, consisting of a perennial ryegrass silage, twice daily after milking. Mean group silage intakes were measured daily during the last 5 days of a 12-day experimental period and individual silage intakes were estimated using n-alkanes. Animals were dosed twice daily

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LIN, L. J., H. L. LUO, Y. J. ZHANG, and B. SHU. "The effects, in sheep, of dietary plant species and animal live weight on the faecal recovery rates of alkanes and the accuracy of intake and diet composition estimates obtained using alkanes as faecal markers." Journal of Agricultural Science 145, no. 1 (2006): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960600654x.

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Alkanes can be used as natural markers for estimating diet composition, but a factor should be used to correct for incomplete recovery in faeces. Faecal alkane recovery rates may be influenced by diet and animal factors. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate the effects of herbage species and live weight of animals on faecal alkane recoveries. In the current study, faecal recoveries of alkanes were determined in sheep in four different live weight groups (from 20 to 40 kg) fed three plant species (Elymus sibiricum, Leymus chinensis and L. dasystachys). In a second experiment,

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Vulich, S. A., E. G. O'Riordan, and J. P. Hanrahan. "Use of n-alkanes for the estimation of herbage intake in sheep: accuracy and precision of the estimates." Journal of Agricultural Science 116, no. 2 (1991): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077741.

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SUMMARYTwo experiments at Belclare, Co. Galway, in late autumn 1988, evaluated the use of herbage and dosed n-alkanes for estimating herbage intake by sheep. The first experiment examined faecal recoveries of dosed and herbage n-alkanes. The second experiment assessed the accuracy and precision of herbage intake estimates obtained using the n-alkane technique, and tested the effect of supplying n-alkanes to animals either in gelatine. capsules (containing different ratios of n-alkane: cellulose fibre) or in pellets prepared from shredded paper onto which the n-alkanes had been adsorbed. Indivi

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Gibu, Kasai, Ikawa, Akiyama, and Fukuda. "Characterization and Transcriptional Regulation of n-Alkane Hydroxylase Gene Cluster of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110479.

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Gram-positive actinomycete Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 is able to grow on C10 to C19 n-alkanes as a sole source of carbon and energy. To clarify, the n-alkane utilization pathway—a cluster of 5 genes (alkBrubA1A2BalkU) which appeared to be involved in n-alkane degradation—was identified and the transcriptional regulation of these genes was characterized. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that these genes constituted an operon and were transcribed in the presence of n-alkane. Inactivation of alkB led to the absence of the ability to utilize n-undecane. The alkB mutation resulted in reduct

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Marais, J. P., D. L. Figenschou, P. L. Escott-Watson, and L. N. Webber. "Administration in suspension-form of n-alkane external markers for dry matter intake and diet selection studies." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 2 (1996): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073159.

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SUMMARYMilled grass particles were coated with n-alkanes and suspended in a xanthan gum solution. Experiments snowed that grass particles could be coated uniformly with alkanes by means of a rotary evaporator. Further experiments showed that the grass particles, in stable xanthan gum suspension, could be accurately dispensed. The coefficients of variation of the alkane content per dose delivered by means of a dosing gun and syringe were 2·6 and 2·3%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the concentration of faecal alkanes derived from alkanes dosed in suspension-form and a

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Zhou, Shangzhe, Lei Xi, Mengchun Cui, et al. "Decoupling Distribution of n-Alkanes in Aeolian Sand and Vegetation of the Northern Ulan Buh Desert, China: Insight into Organic Matter Preservation in Arid Regions." Plants 13, no. 20 (2024): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13202898.

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Fallen leaves and their decomposition directly deposit leaf wax n-alkanes into sediments, which can be used to identify local flora. These n-alkanes are important for studying past vegetation and climate, but their distribution in sediments must be known. Aeolian sand n-alkanes are particularly important for understanding paleoclimates in arid regions, despite the challenges of extraction due to their extremely low abundance. To investigate the preservation of plant leaf wax n-alkanes in deserts, we analyzed n-alkanes in aeolian sands from the Northern Ulan Buh Desert (UBD), China, and compare

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Nie, Yong, Jieliang Liang, Hui Fang, Yue-Qin Tang, and Xiao-Lei Wu. "Two Novel Alkane Hydroxylase-Rubredoxin Fusion Genes Isolated from a Dietzia Bacterium and the Functions of Fused Rubredoxin Domains in Long-Chainn-Alkane Degradation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 20 (2011): 7279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00203-11.

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ABSTRACTTwo alkane hydroxylase-rubredoxin fusion gene homologs (alkW1andalkW2) were cloned from aDietziastrain, designated DQ12-45-1b, which can grow on crude oil andn-alkanes ranging in length from 6 to 40 carbon atoms as sole carbon sources. Both AlkW1 and AlkW2 have an integral-membrane alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) conserved domain and a rubredoxin (Rd) conserved domain which are fused together. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these two AlkB-fused Rd domains formed a novel third cluster with all the Rds from the alkane hydroxylase-rubredoxin fusion gene clusters in Gram-positive bacteria a

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Dove, H., and RW Mayes. "The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 6 (1991): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910913.

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This review discusses the potential use of plant wax components, especially n-alkanes, as markers for estimating herbage intake, estimating the botanical composition of consumed herbage and studying digesta kinetics. Previous approaches to making these measurements are discussed briefly. Attention is drawn to the fact that current methods for estimating intake do not adequately allow for differences between individual animals. It is also suggested that the markers currently used to estimate botanical composition or study digesta kinetics are inadequate. The nature of the chemical constituents

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BROSH, A., Z. HENKIN, S. J. ROTHMAN, Y. AHARONI, A. ORLOV, and A. ARIELI. "Effects of faecal n-alkane recovery in estimates of diet composition." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 1 (2003): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859602002757.

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Abstract (sommario):

The outer surfaces of plant leaves and stems are covered with a waxy layer, a considerable fraction of which comprises n-alkanes which are not digested and, therefore, can be used as markers in animal nutrition studies. Most plant species have a characteristic pattern of n-alkane concentrations in their cuticular wax and this enables the diet composition to be estimated by comparison with the pattern of the n-alkanes in faeces. N-alkane recovery in faeces was determined in a digestibility trial involving three different diets given to four goats, six cows and five calves. The validity of using

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32

Bugalho, Miguel N., John A. Milne, Robert W. Mayes, and Francisco C. Rego. "Plant-wax alkanes as seasonal markers of red deer dietary components." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 3 (2005): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-031.

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Abstract (sommario):

n-Alkanes are long-chain hydrocarbons commonly occurring in plant cuticles that can be recovered in herbivore faeces. Differences among plant species in their content of cuticular wax n-alkanes can be exploited to estimate diet composition of herbivores. n-Alkanes have been used mainly in domesticated herbivores feeding on relatively simple diets over short-term periods. Extending the method to wild herbivores feeding on seasonal complex diets is possible provided that n-alkanes act as effective dietary component markers in different seasons. The n-alkane content of browse species and herbage

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33

Xue, Haitao, Penglei Yan, Zhentao Dong, et al. "Adsorption Characteristics of Alkanes with Different Carbon Numbers in Kaolinite Slits." Geofluids 2023 (March 8, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6397404.

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Shale oil is of interest for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development and has abundant geological reserves. Shale reservoirs contain numerous nanopores. Understanding the adsorption state of shale oil in the nanopores of shale is beneficial to improve the recovery of shale oil. In this study, the adsorption properties of shale oil in kaolinite slit pores were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. In order to study the adsorption characteristics of shale oil with different components, a single-component model from n-C8 to n-C15 was established, and a mixed model of n-C8 a

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34

So, Chi Ming, and L. Y. Young. "Initial Reactions in Anaerobic Alkane Degradation by a Sulfate Reducer, Strain AK-01." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 12 (1999): 5532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5532-5540.1999.

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ABSTRACT An alkane-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterial strain, AK-01, isolated from a petroleum-contaminated sediment was studied to elucidate its mechanism of alkane metabolism. Total cellular fatty acids of AK-01 were predominantly C even when it was grown on C-even alkanes and were predominantly C odd when grown on C-odd alkanes, suggesting that the bacterium anaerobically oxidizes alkanes to fatty acids. Among these fatty acids, some 2-, 4-, and 6-methylated fatty acids were specifically found only when AK-01 was grown on alkanes, and their chain lengths always correlated with those of t

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35

McLean, B. M. L., R. W. Mayes, and F. D. DeB Hovell. "The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592977.

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Abstract (sommario):

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C

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36

McLean, B. M. L., R. W. Mayes, and F. D. DeB Hovell. "The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600030683.

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Abstract (sommario):

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C

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37

Isazade, A. F., U. A. Mammadova, M. M. Asadov, S. A. Mammadova, N. A. Zeynalov, and D. B. Tagiev. "DESCRIPTION OF INITIAL REACTIONS IN KINETIC MODELING OF LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF N-ALKANES." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 3 (June 24, 2025): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2025-3-71-80.

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Abstract (sommario):

The kinetic dependences of the initial reactions occurring during oxidation of n-alkanes at low temperatures are considered. The kinetic data with the formation of, in particular, cyclic ethers are estimated. The model used allows predicting the experimental data obtained in the static reactor. Improved data on the selectivity of cyclic ethers are obtained in comparison with previous models. It has been shown that under given initial conditions, during the catalytic oxidation of n-alkanes, incomplete oxidation of n-alkanes occurs. Oxidation reactions were carried out at relatively low temperat

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38

Wang, Minzhen, Mingzhu Ding, and Yingjin Yuan. "Bioengineering for the Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants." Bioengineering 10, no. 3 (2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030347.

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Abstract (sommario):

Petroleum hydrocarbons are relatively recalcitrant compounds, and as contaminants, they are one of the most serious environmental problems. n-Alkanes are important constituents of petroleum hydrocarbons. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies have made n-alkane biodegradation more designable and maneuverable for solving environmental pollution problems. In the microbial degradation of n-alkanes, more and more degradation pathways, related genes, microbes, and alkane hydroxylases have been discovered, which provide a theoretical basis for the further construction of

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39

Smits, Theo H. M., Stefanie B. Balada, Bernard Witholt, and Jan B. van Beilen. "Functional Analysis of Alkane Hydroxylases from Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 6 (2002): 1733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.6.1733-1742.2002.

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ABSTRACT We have cloned homologs of the Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkane hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Alcanivorax borkumensis AP1, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and Prauserella rugosa NRRL B-2295. Sequence comparisons show that the level of protein sequence identity between the homologs is as low as 35%, and that the Pseudomonas alkane hydroxylases are as distantly related to each other as to the remaining alkane hydroxylases. Based on the observation that rubredoxin, an electron transfer component of the GPo1 alkane hydroxylase system, can be r

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40

Madhu, Azad, Myoseon Jang, and David Deacon. "Modeling the influence of chain length on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 2 (2023): 1661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1661-2023.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from diesel fuel is known to be significantly sourced from the atmospheric oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the formation of linear alkane SOA was predicted using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model that simulated multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons. In the model, the formation of oxygenated products from the photooxidation of linear alkanes was simulated using a nearly explicit gas kinetic mechanism. Autoxidation paths integrated with alkyl peroxy radicals were added to the Master Chemical Mechanism v3.3.

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41

Xiang, Wei, Shan Hong, Yanfen Xue, and Yanhe Ma. "Functional Analysis of Novel alkB Genes Encoding Long-Chain n-Alkane Hydroxylases in Rhodococcus sp. Strain CH91." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (2023): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061537.

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Abstract (sommario):

Rhodococcus sp. strain CH91 is capable of utilizing long-chain n-alkanes as the sole carbon source. Two new genes (alkB1 and alkB2) encoding AlkB-type alkane hydroxylase were predicted by its whole-genome sequence analysis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the functional role of alkB1 and alkB2 genes in the n-alkane degradation of strain CH91. RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the two genes were induced by n-alkanes ranging from C16 to C36 and the expression of the alkB2 gene was up-regulated much higher than that of alkB1. The knockout of the alkB1 or alkB2 gene in strain CH91 resulted

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42

Ferraz de Oliveira, M. I., A. P. Trigo, J. A. Neves, and M. Cancela d´Abreu. "Validation of the n–alkane technique to measure intake and digestibility in Alentejano pigs under “Montanheira”." BSAP Occasional Publication 34 (2006): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500042266.

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Abstract (sommario):

SummaryIn the traditional silvo–pastoral system, Alentejano pigs are fattened with acorns and pasture. Although this production system (“Montanheira”) has been characterised, there is a lack of knowledge on intake and digestibility of the diet, mainly due to the absence of tested methodologies in pigs. The n–alkane technique, extensively used in ruminants to estimate diet intake and digestibilitiy, has had less use in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to validate the n–alkane technique in Alentejano pigs. Faecal recoveries of natural and dosed n-alkanes, the diurnal variation of faeca

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43

Whyte, Lyle G., Jalal Hawari, Edward Zhou, Luc Bourbonnière, William E. Inniss, and Charles W. Greer. "Biodegradation of Variable-Chain-Length Alkanes at Low Temperatures by a Psychrotrophic Rhodococcussp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (1998): 2578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2578-2584.1998.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT The psychrotroph Rhodococcus sp. strain Q15 was examined for its ability to degrade individual n-alkanes and diesel fuel at low temperatures, and its alkane catabolic pathway was investigated by biochemical and genetic techniques. At 0 and 5°C, Q15 mineralized the short-chain alkanes dodecane and hexadecane to a greater extent than that observed for the long-chain alkanes octacosane and dotriacontane. Q15 utilized a broad range of aliphatics (C10 to C21 alkanes, branched alkanes, and a substituted cyclohexane) present in diesel fuel at 5°C. Mineralization of hexadecane at 5°C was sign

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44

Firmansyah, R. Arizal, and R. Y. Perry Burhan. "Analisis Aspek Molekuler Biomarka Alkana Bercabang Core Badak 1/208 Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur." Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2015.1.1.481.

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Abstract (sommario):

Study compound biomarka branched alkanes on core 1/208 Rhinos have done to contribute to the activities of oil exploration wells 1/208 Muara Badak Badak, East Kalimantan's Kutai Kartanegara-through core biomarka profile branched alkanes. Core samples extracted by alternately with solvent mixture of toluene-methanol (3: 1) and chloroform-methanol (3: 1). Then fractionated by Column Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography to obtain aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction. Fractions obtained were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.The content biomarka aliphatichydrocarbon fraction

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45

Boelens, Hans F. M., Wim Th Kok, Onno E. de Noord, and Age K. Smilde. "Fast On-Line Analysis of Process Alkane Gas Mixtures by NIR Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 3 (2000): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949492.

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Abstract (sommario):

Proper operation of a molecular sieve process for the separation of iso- and cyclo-alkanes from normal alkanes requires the fast online detection of normal alkanes breaking through the column. The feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for this application was investigated. Alkane mixtures were prepared according to an experimental design. These mixtures, containing small amounts of normal alkanes (C5–C7) and varying amounts of isoand cyclo-alkanes (seven compounds), were analyzed simultaneously at 160 °C with the use of NIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography as a reference met

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46

Zech, Michael, Sebastian Kreutzer, Roland Zech, et al. "Comparative14C and OSL dating of loess-paleosol sequences to evaluate post-depositional contamination ofn-alkane biomarkers." Quaternary Research 87, no. 1 (2017): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2016.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThere is an ongoing controversial discussion as to whethern-alkane lipid biomarkers—and organic matter of loess in general—reflect a synsedimentary paleoenvironmental/climate signal or whether they are significantly affected by postdepositional “contamination,” for example related to root and rhizomicrobial activity. In order to address this issue at our study site (the Middle to Late Weichselian loess-paleosol sequence Gleina in Saxony, Germany), we determined and compared radiocarbon ages of bulkn-alkanes and sedimentation ages, as assessed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)

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47

Moś, Joanna E., Karol A. Stasiewicz, Katarzyna Matras-Postołek, and Leszek R. Jaroszewicz. "Thermo-Optical Switching Effect Based on a Tapered Optical Fiber and Higher Alkanes Doped with ZnS:Mn." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 5044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215044.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper investigates the effect of thermo-optic switching resulting from the hybrid combination of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with alkanes doped with nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn NP). Presented measurements focused on controlling losses in an optical fiber by modification of a TOF cladding by the alkanes used, characterized by phase change. Temperature changes cause power transmission changes creating a switcher or a sensor working in an ON-OFF mode. Phase change temperatures and changes in the refractive index of the alkane used directly affected power switc

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48

Chen, W., R. D. B. Lefroy, G. J. Blair, and J. M. Scott. "Field variations in alkane signatures among plant species in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97022.

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Abstract (sommario):

Differences in concentrations of n-alkanes in the cuticular waxes of plants can be used to estimate the species composition of herbage mixtures or the diet consumed by grazing animals. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide information on the n-alkane (C25-C35) ‘signatures’ or patterns of pasture species occurring in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures of the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, and (ii) to examine the extent of the field variation in the signatures. There were considerable differences in odd-numbered alkanes and in their total content between species. There were also

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49

Unal, Y., and P. C. Garnsworthy. "An alternative method of administering alkane markers for estimating intake in dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002465.

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Abstract (sommario):

Alkanes have been used for a number of years to estimate food intake in ruminants. The technique requires animals to be dosed with synthetic even-chained alkanes, usually C32 and C36; faecal concentrations of these are then compared with naturally-occurring alkanes, e.g. C33, to estimate intake. Mayes et al. (1986) prepared capsules containing alkanes on shredded paper; Dove et al. (1988) used hard-shell gelatine capsules to administer dosed alkanes. Both methods required animal handling, extra material, like gelatine capsules or paper, and also some laboratory work for preparing alkane soluti

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50

van Beilen, Jan B., Enrico G. Funhoff, Alexander van Loon, et al. "Cytochrome P450 Alkane Hydroxylases of the CYP153 Family Are Common in Alkane-Degrading Eubacteria Lacking Integral Membrane Alkane Hydroxylases." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (2006): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.59-65.2006.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT Several strains that grow on medium-chain-length alkanes and catalyze interesting hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions do not possess integral membrane nonheme iron alkane hydroxylases. Using PCR, we show that most of these strains possess enzymes related to CYP153A1 and CYP153A6, cytochrome P450 enzymes that were characterized as alkane hydroxylases. A vector for the polycistronic coexpression of individual CYP153 genes with a ferredoxin gene and a ferredoxin reductase gene was constructed. Seven of the 11 CYP153 genes tested allowed Pseudomonas putida GPo12 recombinants to grow w

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