Articoli di riviste: "Aluminum chlorohydrate"

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Lindsay, Sarah. "Aluminum Chlorohydrate". Yale Review 85, n. 3 (luglio 1997): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0044-0124.00153.

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Fitzgerald, John J., e Allan H. Rosenberg. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Aluminum Chlorohydrate and Activated Aluminum Chlorohydrates". ChemInform 30, n. 33 (14 giugno 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199933292.

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Flarend, R., C. Keim, T. Bin, D. Elmore, S. Hem e M. Ladisch. "Analysis of aluminum-26 labeled aluminum chlorohydrate". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 76, n. 2 (agosto 1999): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00127-0.

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Pophristic, Vojislava, Michael L. Klein e Marian N. Holerca. "Modeling Small Aluminum Chlorohydrate Polymers". Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0360422.

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Ouadah, Nesrine, Claudine Moire, Jean-François Kuntz, Fabien Brothier e Hervé Cottet. "Analysis and characterization of aluminum chlorohydrate oligocations by capillary electrophoresis". Journal of Chromatography A 1492 (aprile 2017): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.008.

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Verma, Akshaya K., Puspendu Bhunia e Rajesh R. Dash. "Effectiveness of Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH) for Decolorization of Silk Dyebath Effluents". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, n. 25 (19 giugno 2012): 8646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie301201r.

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Pophristic, Vojislava, Venkatachalapathy S. K. Balagurusamy e Michael L. Klein. "Structure and dynamics of the aluminum chlorohydrate polymer Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12Cl7". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 6, n. 5 (2004): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b310882a.

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Ozcan, Timucin, Ahmet M. Hattat e Michael Hair. "Effects of absence positioning of unknown product ingredients on consumer evaluations". European Journal of Marketing 52, n. 9/10 (10 settembre 2018): 2128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2017-0389.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of positioning unknown ingredients either with the presence or absence of framing; both are common in marketplace (e.g. Secret® deodorant visibly claims “aluminum chlorohydrate” while Crystal® promotes “no aluminum chlorohydrate”). Design/methodology/approach The authors used three scenario-based experiments. The participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk online panel and randomly assigned to a variety of experimental conditions. Findings Initial study results show that consumers have more positive evaluations and purchase intentions for absence positioning than presence positioning, because absence positioning induces greater perceptions of protection. In the second study, these results are extended using multiple ingredients, along with competitor products; they show that absence positioning leads to better evaluations than presence positioning and replicate the mediation effect that was found earlier. In the final study, through manipulating participants’ regulatory focus, the authors show that absence-positioned ingredients have a higher choice share when consumers are in the prevention mindset. Conversely, when customers are in promotion mindset and looking for better performance, presence positioning of ingredients seems to have higher choice shares. Research limitations/implications The research has implications for product development, promotions, labeling and packaging, showing the positive influence of absence positioning of unknown ingredients. Practical implications Marketers may emphasize the absence of unknown ingredients in their products instead of following a strategy that highlights the inclusion of them. Originality/value To the authors’ extant knowledge, this research is an initial attempt to understand how consumers react to promotion of product ingredients. In addition, it contributes to the literature in unknown attributes by showing that absence positioning of certain types of ingredients is perceived better than presence framing of them.

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Ouadah, Nesrine, Claudine Moire, Fabien Brothier, Jean-François Kuntz, Michal Malý, Pavel Dubský e Hervé Cottet. "Mobility Shift Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis at High Ligand Concentrations: Application to Aluminum Chlorohydrate–Protein Interactions". ACS Omega 3, n. 12 (17 dicembre 2018): 17547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02326.

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Phillips, Brian L., John S. Vaughn, Scott Smart e Long Pan. "Characterization of Al 30 in commercial poly-aluminum chlorohydrate by solid-state 27 Al NMR spectroscopy". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 476 (agosto 2016): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.019.

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Khairul Zaman, Nadiah, Rosiah Rohani, Izzati Izni Yusoff, Muhammad Azraei Kamsol, Siti Aishah Basiron e Aina Izzati Abd. Rashid. "Eco-Friendly Coagulant versus Industrially Used Coagulants: Identification of Their Coagulation Performance, Mechanism and Optimization in Water Treatment Process". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 17 (31 agosto 2021): 9164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179164.

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The evaluation of complex organic and inorganic coagulant’s performances and their relationships could compromise the surface water treatment process time and its efficiency. In this work, process optimization was investigated by comparing an eco-friendly chitosan with the industrially used coagulants namely aluminum sulfate (alum), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) in compliance with national drinking water standards. To treat various water samples from different treatment plants with turbidity and pH ranges from 20–826.3 NTU and 5.21–6.80, respectively, 5–20 mg/L coagulant dosages were varied in the presence of aluminum, ferum, and manganese. Among all, 10 mg/L of the respective ACH and chitosan demonstrated 97% and 99% turbidity removal in addition to the removal of the metals that complies with the referred standard. However, chitosan owes fewer sensitive responses (turbidity and residual metal) with the change in its input factors (dosage and pH), especially in acidic conditions. This finding suggested its beneficial role to be used under the non-critical dosage monitoring. Meanwhile, ACH was found to perform better than chitosan only at pH > 7.4 with half dosage required. In summary, chitosan and ACH could perform equally at a different set of optimum conditions. This optimization study offers precise selections of coagulants for a practical water treatment operation.

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Zen, Jyh-Myng, Ting-Hao Yang, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Yu-Ju Chen, Jaw-Cherng Hsu e Ying Shih. "Detection of Aluminum Chlorohydrate Content in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using Screen-Printed Silver Electrodes by One Drop Analysis". Electroanalysis 21, n. 20 (ottobre 2009): 2272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200904670.

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MOKAYA, R., e W. JONES. "ChemInform Abstract: Aluminosilicate Mesoporous Molecular Sieves with Enhanced Stability Obtained by Reacting MCM-41 with Aluminum Chlorohydrate." ChemInform 29, n. 45 (19 giugno 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199845283.

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Crafton, Elizabeth A., Danyang Wu e Stephen E. Duirk. "Comparison of anion exchange resins and aluminum-based coagulants for natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation". Water Supply 14, n. 4 (24 febbraio 2014): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.011.

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Anion exchange resins (AERs) were compared with aluminum-based coagulants for reducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor concentrations from a source water collected in northeast Ohio, USA. Three AERs (IRA-910, IRA-958, and MIEX) were evaluated to determine which resin would remove the most natural organic matter (NOM) and moieties responsible for DBP formation. All the AERs were found to be highly proficient at NOM removal specifically the moieties that absorb UV254 (i.e., chromophores) over 75 min of contact time; however, MIEX removed NOM at a faster rate than IRA-910 and IRA-958 resins. Enhanced coagulation was effective at removing approximately 35% of the NOM and 40–60% of the chromophores and fluorophores (i.e., excitation–emission matrix pairs A and C). DBP formation was determined as a function of pH for the different NOM removal processes. MIEX treatment resulted in significant reduction in DBP concentrations when compared to chlorinating the raw source water. MIEX generally out-performed enhanced coagulation for reducing DBP formation. However, alum was found to remove more NOM and resulted in less DBPs compared to aluminum chlorohydrate. This could impact water utilities trying to balance the health effects due to DBP exposure verses chemical/sludge management costs.

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Chiu, Mei-Hsin, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Sundaram Sornambikai, Jyh-Myng Zen e Ying Shih. "Flow Injection Analysis of Aluminum Chlorohydrate in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using a Built-in Three-in-one Screen-Printed Silver Electrode". Electroanalysis 22, n. 20 (22 luglio 2010): 2421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200900635.

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Peláez Cid, Alejandra Alicia, Araceli Vázquez Barranco e Ana María Herrera González. "Elimination of Dyes Present in Textile Industry Wastewater Using Adsorbent Materials Prepared from Broccoli Stem". Advanced Materials Research 976 (giugno 2014): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.207.

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This paper presents the results of the adsorption of textile dyes in static systems, using adsorbent materials prepared from broccoli waste collected after harvest. The adsorption capacities of the non-activated lignocellulosic residue (BrocNat), the chemically activated waste using sodium hydroxide (BrocNaOH), the thermally activated at 823 K ash (AshBroc), and the chemically activated carbon using phosphoric acid at 673 K (CarBrocQ) were tested. Aqueous solutions containing cationic and anionic dyes as well as textile effluents generated after the dyeing process of a cotton-processing factory containing vat and reactive dyes were treated. Lignocellulosic materials were only effective in removing dyes when they were found in aqueous solution. The carbonaceous adsorbent CarBrocQ presented removal percentages close to 100% and between 13 and 75% for reactive and vat dyes contained in the effluents respectively. To accomplish the complete elimination of color from effluents containing vat dyes, these were treated before adsorption, using aluminum chlorohydrate and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) as coagulant and flocculant agents, respectively. The COD of the effluent containing vat dyes was reduced up to 93% after both treatments were combined, and the removal of color was absolute. The high adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ occurs because of its high specific surface area, which was determined by N2 adsorption to be 1177 m2g-1. In the case of the lignocellulosic material, the specific surface area was determined by means of adsorption of methylene blue, and it was 485 m2g-1 for both. The adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ was compared with that of commercial carbons, and proved to be similar. The adsorption results obtained indicate that broccoli waste can be used to prepare activated carbon with applications in the removal of dyes present in textile effluents.

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Dixon, M. B., Y. Richard, L. Ho, C. W. K. Chow, B. K. O'Neill e G. Newcombe. "Integrated membrane systems incorporating coagulation, activated carbon and ultrafiltration for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial metabolites from Anabaena circinalis". Water Science and Technology 63, n. 7 (1 aprile 2011): 1405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.318.

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The use of integrated membrane systems (a train of treatment processes incorporating one or more membranes) is increasing globally as the technology is very effective for the production of high quality drinking water. In this investigation a laboratory scale integrated membrane system (IMS) featuring coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated for the removal of an Australian strain of the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis and the cyanotoxin it produced. Three coagulants were compared, aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), aluminium sulphate (alum) and an engineered aluminium coagulant referred to as high performance aluminium chlorohydrate (HPAC). PAC (Acticarb PS1000) was tested to determine adsorption of extracellular saxitoxin. Removal of A. circinalis cells was 100% by UF alone and the removal of cells prior to the membrane by coagulation reduced fouling attributed to algogenic organic material. Alum was the least efficient coagulant for removal of cells while ACH and HPAC were similar. Saxitoxin removal reached a maximum of 80% using ACH and PAC. The UF-IMS was challenged using a natural bloom of A. circinalis that occurred in the Myponga Reservoir in South Australia.

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Canaday, Bruce R., e Richard H. Stanford. "Propantheline Bromide in the Management of Hyperhidrosis Associated with Spinal Cord Injury". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, n. 5 (maggio 1995): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502900507.

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Objective: To report 2 cases in which oral propantheline reduced the discomfort associated with sweating related to spinal cord injury (SCI), and to review the literature on the management of SCI-related sweating. Case Summaries: Case 1: A 27-year-old quadriplegic man with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Frankel class C injury to C5/C6 experienced profuse sweating and requested propantheline. He stated that he had received the medication previously and reported that propantheline 15 mg tid had controlled his sweating. Propantheline bromide was reinstituted, and within 24 hours, the patient's episodes of profuse sweating had decreased markedly in number and frequency. Case 2: A 35-year-old quadriplegic woman had an ASIA class D lesion at C3. Since her injury, she had experienced profuse sweating that worsened when she became cold and at night. She stated that her sweating was under control as long as she took propantheline. Propantheline therapy was continued and no further sweating episodes have occurred. Data Source: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature including reviews. Standard texts and texts referenced in the pertinent literature also were examined. Study Selection: All available sources of information were reviewed. Data Synthesis: The earliest case reports of systemic therapy for hyperhidrosis described the use of the anticholinergic methantheline bromide. Methantheline in combination with ergoloid mesylates also was suggested for the treatment of congenital hyperhidrosis. Local topical therapy for hyperhidrosis, such as aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum chloride, the active ingredients in some antiperspirants, have been tried with some success. Talc, starch, and other powders have been suggested to absorb excessive sweat. Formalin and glutaraldehyde also have been used. Topical propantheline bromide has been used successfully in treating palmar and plantar hidrosis. Clonazepam has been used successfully in a case of unilateral localized hyperhidrosis. Systemic phenoxybenzamine has been used with some success and there have been attempts at other systemic therapy using mecamylamine, atropine, propoxyphenel, and methenamine. Scopolamine patches also have been used successfully in a small number of patients. Other agents that have been used include dibenamine, piperoxan, and phentolamine. Systemic propantheline also has been listed as an agent with potential efficacy in treating the profuse sweating associated with SCI, but was not recommended primarily because of adverse effects and difficulty in titrating to the lowest effective dosage. However, studies or case reports specific to the use of propantheline in patients with SCI appear to be lacking, as are reports of direct comparison between propantheline and other agents. Discussion: Concerning the mechanism of action of propantheline bromide for hyperhidrosis, it seems reasonable to attribute its effects to the drug's well-documented anticholinergic/antimuscarinic actions. At dosages used to effectively treat neurogenic bladder, propantheline bromide also should block the muscarinic receptors responsible for sweat gland stimulation. Central nervous system adverse effects should be minimal at usual clinical dosages, as propantheline does not cross the blood–brain barrier. Conclusions: It would appear that in some patients with SCI who are subject to incidental episodes of profuse sweating, oral propantheline may offer some relief and may, in fact, be well tolerated, as in the cases described. Additionally, propantheline would seem a good therapeutic choice in SCI patients with excessive sweating and neurogenic bladder dysfunction who may derive dual benefit from the agent.

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Boulton, J. M., K. Jones e H. G. Emblem. "Gels, filaments and fibres from alkoxysilanes and aluminium chlorohydrate-polyol complexes". Journal of Materials Science 24, n. 3 (marzo 1989): 979–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01148787.

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Sano, Tomoki, Wataru Shirae, Yuriko Omoto, Shinichi Nagashima, Atsunori Morigaki, Yasushi Kakizawa e Takaki Ikenishi. "Effects of Coexistent Components on the Antiperspirant Action of Aluminium Chlorohydrate". Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 55, n. 1 (20 marzo 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.55.45.

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Mokaya, Robert, e William Jones. "Efficient post-synthesis alumination of MCM-41 using aluminium chlorohydrate containing Al polycations". Journal of Materials Chemistry 9, n. 2 (1999): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a807312k.

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Farasani, A., e P. D. Darbre. "Effects of aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate on DNA repair in MCF10A immortalised non-transformed human breast epithelial cells". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 152 (novembre 2015): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.003.

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Mokaya, Robert, e William Jones. "Aluminosilicate mesoporous molecular sieves with enhanced stability obtained by reacting MCM-41 with aluminium chlorohydrate". Chemical Communications, n. 17 (1998): 1839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a804805c.

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Ferretti, Giulia L., e João T. Cabral. "Phase behaviour and non-monotonic film drying kinetics of aluminium chlorohydrate–glycerol–water ternary solutions". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 481 (novembre 2016): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.064.

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Manhokwe, S., e C. Zvidzai. "Post‐treatment of yeast processing effluent from a bioreactor using aluminium chlorohydrate polydadmac as a coagulant". Scientific African 6 (novembre 2019): e00125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00125.

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Mohd Salleh, Mohamad Zulhilmi, e Khomaizon A. K. Pahirulzaman. "Citrus scented natural essential oils for crystal salt deodorant". Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 9, n. 1 (22 agosto 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.708.

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Alum natural mineral salt is the world's leading crystal deodorant which works in removing unpleasant body smell. Some other products attempt to block the sweat pores with harmful chemicals such as aluminum chlorohydrates or aluminum zirconium. However, crystal is hypoallergenic deodorant that is healthy, safe, and effective in inhibiting odor formation on the axillary. The light scent infused with natural essential oils might enhance the properties of the crystal deodorant and its antimicrobial activity in fighting against body odor bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of both citrus essential oils and alum salt. The essential oils were extracted from Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus sinensis peels by water-steam distillation and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial assay against Escherichia coli was carried out on the extracted essential oils using paper disc diffusion assay. Results showed that no lead and cadmium constituents were detected, while low concentration of iron (0.993 ± 0.0059 ppm) and copper (0.134 ± 0.0078 ppm) were detected in the crystal salt (15% w/v). D-limonene, decanal and citral were major components responsible for the citrus scents aroma. The C. aurantifolia essential oil and 15% w/v alum salt were active against E. coli with inhibitory zones at 7.23 ± 0.15 mm and 11.13 ± 0.51 mm respectively. The citrus scented crystal deodorant was successfully developed and tested.

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Kalogria, Eleni, Athanasia Varvaresou, Spyridon Papageorgiou, Evaggelia Protopapa, Ioannis Tsaknis, Alexios Matikas e Irene Panderi. "Pre-Column Derivatization HPLC Procedure for the Quantitation of Aluminium Chlorohydrate in Antiperspirant Creams Using Quercetin as Chromogenic Reagent". Chromatographia 77, n. 19-20 (10 luglio 2014): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2722-9.

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Nguyen, S. T., F. A. Roddick e J. L. Harris. "Membrane foulants and fouling mechanisms in microfiltration and ultrafiltration of an activated sludge effluent". Water Science and Technology 62, n. 9 (1 novembre 2010): 1975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.505.

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Membrane fouling in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of an activated sludge (AS) effluent was investigated. It was found that the major membrane foulants were polysaccharides, proteins, polysaccharide-like and protein-like materials and humic substances. MF fouling by the raw effluent was governed by pore adsorption of particles smaller than the pores during the first 30 minutes of filtration and then followed the cake filtration model. UF fouling could be described by the cake filtration model throughout the course of filtration. Coagulation with alum and (poly)aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) altered the MF fouling mechanism to follow the cake filtration model from the beginning of filtration. The MF and UF flux improvement by coagulation was due to the removal of some of the foulants in the raw AS effluent by the coagulants. The MF flux improvement was greater for alum than for ACH whereas the two coagulants performed equally well in UF. Coagulation also reduced hydraulically irreversible fouling on the membranes and this effect was more prominent in MF than in UF. The unified membrane fouling index (UMFI) was used to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of coagulation on membrane flux enhancement.

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Callingham, Tara, Daniel Ooi, Linhua Fan e Felicity Roddick. "A triple bottom line approach to optimising odour removal from a residential water supply". H2Open Journal 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2021.070.

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Abstract Feedwater to Euroa Water Treatment Plant contains increasingly high levels of natural organic matter (NOM) which were determined to cause its strong earthy odour. A multidisciplinary approach was used to evaluate the coagulation process to better remove the taste and odour (T&O) causing organics from water supplied to the local towns. Such high levels of NOM require elevated doses of coagulant for removal, accounting for approximately 60% of the chemical costs. A need arose to reduce these operational costs. However, community expectations regarding T&O, and social and environmental impacts, are not typically considered in this process. The local water corporation, Goulburn Valley Water, undertook a case study involving a comparison of three coagulants to optimise the chemical coagulation process from a multidisciplinary (triple bottom line, TBL) perspective. The financial assessment incorporated operational costs and potential infrastructure requirements. The social assessment investigated the overall impacts on staff operating the water treatment plant and their broader community involvement. The environmental assessment focused on the impact on downstream infrastructure from changes in sludge volumes and wastewater quality, and third-party greenhouse gas emissions from chemical deliveries. From a TBL viewpoint, aluminium chlorohydrate was the most beneficial option.

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Goh, Y. T., J. L. Harris e F. A. Roddick. "Impact of Microcystis aeruginosa on membrane fouling in a biologically treated effluent". Water Science and Technology 63, n. 12 (1 giugno 2011): 2853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.450.

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Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in biologically treated municipal effluent to simulate blue-green algal bloom conditions in a treatment lagoon. The effect of algae in the early, mid and late phases of growth on membrane fouling, chemical coagulation (alum or aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH)) and hydraulic cleaning on the microfiltration of this effluent was investigated. The effect of M. aeruginosa in the early phase was negligible and gave a similar flux profile and permeate volume to that of effluent alone. The increase in M. aeruginosa concentration for the mid and late phases caused a significant reduction in permeate volume compared with the early phase. Full flux recovery was achieved with an alum dose of 1 mg Al3+ L−1 (early phase) and 10 mg Al3+ L−1 (mid phase), demonstrating that membrane fouling was hydraulically reversible. For the late phase, the highest flux recovery was 89%, which was achieved with an alum dose of 5 mg Al3+ L−1. Higher alum dosages resulted in a reduction in flux recovery. The use of 1.5 µm pre-filtration after alum treatment showed little improvement in water quality but led to a drastic reduction in flux recovery, which was attributed to diminishing the protective layer on the membrane surface, thus enabling internal fouling. The performance of ACH was comparable to alum at low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and cell concentration, but was not as effective as alum at high DOC and cell concentration due to the formation of more compact ACH flocs, which resulted in a higher cake layer specific resistance, leading to the deterioration of performance.

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Pophristic, Vojislava, Venkatachalapathy S. K. Balagurusamy e Michael L. Klein. "Structure and Dynamics of the Aluminum Chlorohydrate Polymer Al13O4(OH)24 (H2O)12Cl7." ChemInform 35, n. 22 (1 giugno 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200422004.

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Pinnavaia, T. J., Jean-Rémi Butruille, Laurent J. Michot e Jingie Guan. "Advances in the Design of Pillared Clay Catalysts by Surfactant and Polymer Modification". MRS Proceedings 368 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-368-347.

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ABSTRACTThe catalytic properties of pillared clays for organic chemical conversions, especially those occurring in liquid media, can be substantially improved by surfactant modification of the pore structure during the pillaring reaction. For instance, the incorporation of a non-ionic surfactant, such as the alkylated polyethylene oxide C12–14H25–29O(CH2CH2O)5H, in the synthesis of alumina pillared montmorillonite results in a dramatic increase in the interparticle (textural) mesoporosity of the final calcined products. These surfactant-modified mesoporous pillared clays are exceptionally active as catalysts for the diffusion controlled liquid phase alkylation of biphenyl. The enhanced mesoporosity facilitates access of the reactants to the active acid sites in the interlayer nanopores of the pillared clay tactoids. Organic polymeric molecules also can be used to mediate the pore structure of pillared clay materials. The reaction of aluminum chlorohydrate oligomers with Na+ rectorite in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol as a pillaring precursor affords a supergallery alumina pillared rectorite with a basal spacings of 52 Å and a corresponding gallery height of 33 Å under air- dried conditions. A stable gallery height of 23 Å is observed even after treatment with 100% steam at 800°C for 17 hour. The new supergallery intercalate is characterized by a surface area, pore volume, and catalytic cracking activity superior to conventional alumina pillared rectorite and related smectites with 9 Å gallery heights.

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"Efficacy of a Protective Hand Cream versus a Conventional Cream to Improve Skin Barrier Function among Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Workers: A Pilot Study". Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 104, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.01.11546.

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Background: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective procedures for preventing health care-associated infection. Barrier creams are used to prevent the irritant effect caused by occupational exposure. Objective: To compare an aluminum chlorohydrate-containing hand cream and a conventional cream in health-care workers (HCWs) by using clinical assessment score and quantitative measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Materials and Methods: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed in pediatric intensive care unit HCWs. The subjects were assigned to regularly use the given cream (one fingertip unit per time, equal to 0.5 gram) after washing their hands with either 4% chlorhexidine gluconate or alcohol hand rub, which is 70% alcohol, glycerin, D-panthenol. The clinical assessment score, ranging from 0 to 3 points per item, were performed by the investigator evaluating for erythema, dryness, scaling, vesicles, fissuring and lichenification, and by the subject evaluating the redness, itching, tightness, dryness and sweating, together with TEWL assessment in a controlled environmental condition at day 0, 7, and 14. Results: Sixty HCWs were equally divided for each product. Barrier cream and conventional cream, amount used were 32.20 g and 26.43 g, respectively. At day 14, the clinical assessment score by the investigator and by the subject were reduced by 40.02% and 43.38% in the barrier cream group, and 35.5% and 47.83% in the conventional cream group (p<0.001. However, the TEWL in both groups was not significantly different from the baseline. Both products were well tolerated. Conclusion: The amount of cream applied by HCWs was lower than assigned. Both barrier cream and conventional cream can clinically improve the clinical score. Frequent and regular use of hand creams should be encouraged to decrease or prevent skin irritation and hand dermatitis. Keywords: Protective hand cream, Transepidermal water loss, Healthcare workers, Hand hygiene practices, Pediatric intensive care unit

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Sakhawoth, Yasine, Jules Dupire, Fabien Leonforte, Marion Chardon, Fabrice Monti, Patrick Tabeling, Bernard Cabane, Robert Botet e Jean-Baptiste Galey. "Real time observation of the interaction between aluminium salts and sweat under microfluidic conditions". Scientific Reports 11, n. 1 (18 marzo 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85691-8.

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AbstractAluminium salts such as aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) are the active ingredients of antiperspirant products. Their mechanism of action involves a temporary and superficial plugging of eccrine sweat pores at the skin surface. We developed a microfluidic system that allows the real time observation of the interactions between sweat and ACH in conditions mimicking physiological sweat flow and pore dimensions. Using artificial sweat containing bovine serum albumin as a model protein, we performed experiments under flowing conditions to demonstrate that pore clogging results from the aggregation of proteins by aluminium polycations at specific location in the sweat pore. Combining microfluidic experiments, confocal microscopy and numerical models helps to better understand the physical chemistry and mechanisms involved in pore plugging. The results show that plugging starts from the walls of sweat pores before expanding into the centre of the channel. The simulations aid in explaining the influence of ACH concentration as well as the impact of flow conditions on the localization of the plug. Altogether, these results outline the potential of both microfluidic confocal observations and numerical simulations at the single sweat pore level to understand why aluminium polycations are so efficient for sweat channel plugging.

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McDowell, R. W., K. Daly e O. FENTON. "Mitigation of phosphorus, sediment and Escherichia coli losses in runoff from a dairy farm roadway". Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 30 novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0117.

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Dairy cow deposits on farm roadways are a potential source of contaminants entering streams. Phosphorus (P), suspended sediment (SS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) loads in 18 runoff events over 12 mo from two-halves of a section of dairy farm roadway that spilt into an adjacent P-impacted stream were measured. The runoff from one half was untreated while the other half was directed through a filter of steel melter slag [termed aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH)-altered slag] sprayed with 1% ACH solution to improve P sorption capacity. An uncertainty analysis was conducted to ascertain potential loads of P lost from roadways considering variation in deposit weight, number and P content. Over the monitoring period, the total load decreased P (92%), SS (98%) and E. coli (76%) from the ACH-altered slag roadway compared to the control. However, uncertainty analysis showed that the amount of dung-P deposited on the roadway could be 10-fold greater.

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