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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Anhydrous hydrogen"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 2 febbraio 2022

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1

Rossman, George R. "Hydrogen in “anhydrous” minerals". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 45, n. 1-4 (gennaio 1990): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(90)90780-x.

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2

Ingrin, Jannick, e Henrik Skogby. "Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: concentration levels and implications". European Journal of Mineralogy 12, n. 3 (31 maggio 2000): 543–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/12/3/0543.

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3

Hamadène, M., H. Kherfi e A. Guehria-Laidoudi. "The polymeric anhydrous rubidium hydrogen oxalate". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 62, a1 (6 agosto 2006): s280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767306094414.

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4

Seijas, Luis E., Gerzon E. Delgado, Asiloé J. Mora, Andrew N. Fitch e Michela Brunelli. "On the crystal structures and hydrogen bond patterns in proline pseudopolymorphs". Powder Diffraction 25, n. 3 (settembre 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3478557.

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Abstract (sommario):
Amino acids often cocrystallize with water molecules, which make them pseudopolymorphs of their anhydrous forms. In this work, we discuss in detail the hydrogen bond patterns in anhydrous L-proline and DL-proline and its pseudopolymorphic forms: L-proline monohydrate and DL-proline monohydrate. For this propose, the crystal structure of L-proline anhydrous was determined from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method. Special emphasis is given to the role played by the water molecule in the hydrogen bond network observed in the crystalline structures.
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5

POLING, S. "Anhydrous proton conductivity in hydrogen alkali thiogermanates". Solid State Ionics 175, n. 1-4 (novembre 2004): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.03.044.

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6

Barraclough, C. G., J. Besida, P. G. Davies e T. A. O'Donnell. "Arsenic pentafluoride equilibria in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 38, n. 3 (marzo 1988): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81076-3.

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7

Markovich, Yu D., A. V. Panfilov, A. A. Zhirov, A. T. Kirsanov, L. A. Gorbach e K. A. Taraskin. "Beta-ionone synthesis using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 32, n. 10 (ottobre 1998): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02465747.

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8

Marsden, CJ. "The Fate of CrO2F2 in Highly Acidic Media: Fluoride Loss, O-Protonation or F-Protonation?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, n. 12 (1990): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9901991.

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Theoretical calculations at the DZ/SCF level are reported for CrO2F2 and for three of its possible products of interaction with highly acidic anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of CrO2F2 are reproduced with reasonable accuracy. It seems unlikely that CrO2F+ is formed from CrO2F2 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, since that ion is structurally unstable as an isolated entity. While the thermodynamic stabilities of CrO (OH)F2+ and CrO2F(FH)+ are almost identical, comparison of calculated vibrational frequencies with the experimental results of O'Donnell and coworkers suggests that the product of interaction of CrO2F2 with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride/SbF5 is CrO2F(FH]+, rather than CrO (OH)F2+. However, the Cr-F(H) bond in CrO2F(FH)+ is so much longer than the bond to the unprotonated fluorine that CrO2F(FH)+ is perhaps best described as a CrO2F+ ion strongly solvated by one HF molecule.
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9

Smith, Graham, Urs D. Wermuth, David J. Young e Peter C. Healy. "Anhydrous guanidinium hydrogen fumarate: a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network structure". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, n. 2 (10 gennaio 2007): o556—o557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806056042.

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10

O'Donnell, Thomas A. "Lewis acidity and synthesis in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 29, n. 1-2 (agosto 1985): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83249-2.

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11

Cofre, Pablo, e Donald T. Sawyer. "Redox chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in anhydrous acetonitrile". Inorganic Chemistry 25, n. 12 (giugno 1986): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00232a036.

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12

Somov, N. V., e F. F. Chausov. "High-symmetry polymorph of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 62, n. 2 (febbraio 2017): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023617020176.

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13

Mhla, Eleni, e Petros G. Koutsoukos. "Heterogeneous crystallization of calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (monetite)". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 513 (gennaio 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.041.

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14

Defaye, Jacques, e José Manuel García Fernández. "Protonic reactivity of sucrose in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Carbohydrate Research 251 (gennaio 1994): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)84274-4.

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15

Suarta, I. Made, I. N. G. Wardana, Nurkholis Hamidi e Widya Wijayanti. "The Role of Hydrogen Bonding on Laminar Burning Velocity of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Fuel with Small Addition of n-Heptane". Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9093428.

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The molecular structure of mixed hydrous and anhydrous ethanol with up to 10% v n-heptane had been studied. The burning velocity was examined in a cylindrical explosion combustion chamber. The result showed that the burning velocity of hydrous ethanol is higher than anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane at stoichiometric, rich, and very rich mixtures. The burning velocity of hydrous ethanol with n-heptane drops drastically compared to the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane. It is caused by two reasons. Firstly, there was a composition change of azeotropic hydrous ethanol molecules within the mixture of fuel. Secondly, at the same volume the number of ethanol molecules in hydrous ethanol was less than in anhydrous ethanol at the same composition of the n-heptane in the mixture. At the mixture of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane, the burning velocity decreases proportionally to the addition of the n-heptane composition. The burning velocity is between the velocities of anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane. It shows that the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol mixed with n-heptane is only influenced by the mixture composition.
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16

Dai, Lidong, Haiying Hu, Jianjun Jiang, Wenqing Sun, Heping Li, Mengqi Wang, Filippos Vallianatos e Vassilios Saltas. "An Overview of the Experimental Studies on the Electrical Conductivity of Major Minerals in the Upper Mantle and Transition Zone". Materials 13, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020408.

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Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, we present the recent progress in the experimental studies of the electrical conductivity of dominant nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle and mantle transition zone of Earth, namely, olivine, pyroxene, garnet, wadsleyite and ringwoodite. The main influence factors, such as temperature, pressure, water content, oxygen fugacity, and anisotropy are discussed in detail. The dominant conduction mechanisms of Fe-bearing silicate minerals involve the iron-related small polaron with a relatively large activation enthalpy and the hydrogen-related defect with lower activation enthalpy. Specifically, we mainly focus on the variation of oxygen fugacity on the electrical conductivity of anhydrous and hydrous mantle minerals, which exhibit clearly different charge transport processes. In representative temperature and pressure environments, the hydrogen of nominally anhydrous minerals can tremendously enhance the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle and transition zone, and the influence of trace structural water (or hydrogen) is substantial. In combination with the geophysical data of magnetotelluric surveys, the laboratory-based electrical conductivity measurements can provide significant constraints to the water distribution in Earth’s interior.
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17

Rudel, S. S., C. Pietzonka, M. Hoelzel e F. Kraus. "[UCl4(HCN)4] – a hydrogen cyanide complex of uranium tetrachloride". Chemical Communications 54, n. 10 (2018): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09401a.

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The reaction of uranium tetrachloride with anhydrous liquid hydrogen cyanide yields a turquoise microcrystalline powder of tetrachloridotetraformonitrileuranium(iv), [UCl4(HCN)4].
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18

Huang, Xue-Song, Shi-Yi Ou e Shu-Ze Tang. "N-Methyl-N-cis-styrylcinnamamide monohydrate, a compound of Clausenaminade from Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, n. 5 (21 aprile 2006): o1987—o1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806013663.

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The anhydrous form of the title compound, C18H17NO·H2O, was isolated from the dried seed of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. The liquid anhydrous form absorbs water from humid air to form crystals of the title compound. In the crystal structure, the conformations of the styryl and cinnamamide groups are E and Z, respectively. The uncoordinated water molecules are hydrogen bonded to the organic molecules.
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19

Lu, Zhichao, Bhvandip S. Bajwa, Okoromoba E. Otome, Gerald B. Hammond e Bo Xu. "Multifaceted ion exchange resin-supported hydrogen fluoride: a path to flow hydrofluorination". Green Chemistry 21, n. 9 (2019): 2224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03166e.

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20

Takao, Koichiro, Juliane März, Moe Matsuoka, Takanori Mashita, Hiroyuki Kazama e Satoru Tsushima. "Crystallization of colourless hexanitratoneptunate(iv) with anhydrous H+ countercations trapped in a hydrogen bonded polymer with diamide linkers". RSC Advances 10, n. 10 (2020): 6082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10090c.

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21

Fujisawa, Chihiro, Rika Hagiwara e Yasuhiko Ito. "Dissolution equilibria of arsenic pentafluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 107, n. 1 (gennaio 2001): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00342-0.

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22

Domínguez, Eva, José A. Mercado, Miguel A. Quesada e Antonio Heredia. "Isolation of intact pollen exine using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Grana 37, n. 2 (gennaio 1998): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173139809362649.

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23

Defaye, Jacques, Andrée Gadelle e Christian Pedersen. "The behavior of l-sorbose towards anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Carbohydrate Research 152 (settembre 1986): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90290-8.

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24

Miki, N., M. Maeno e T. Ohmi. "Conductivity and Dissociation Equilibrium of Extremely Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, n. 3 (1 marzo 1990): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2086556.

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25

Cooper, Mark S., Harry Heaney, Amanda J. Newbold e William R. Sanderson. "Oxidation Reactions Using Urea-Hydrogen Peroxide; A Safe Alternative to Anhydrous Hydrogen Peroxide". Synlett 1990, n. 09 (1990): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1990-21156.

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26

Buist, Amanda R., Alan R. Kennedy e Craig Manzie. "Four salt phases of theophylline". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2014): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614000825.

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The structures of two anhydrous salt phases of theophylline, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium tetrafluoroborate, C7H9N4O2+·BF4−, and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride, C7H9N4O2+·Cl−, are reported together with the structures of two monohydrate salt forms, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride monohydrate, C7H9N4O2+·Cl−·H2O, and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium bromide monohydrate, C7H9N4O2+·Br−·H2O. The monohydrate structures are mutually isostructural, with the cations and anions lying on crystallographic mirror planes (Z′ = 1\over 2). The main intermolecular interaction motif is a hydrogen-bonding network in the same mirror plane. The tetrafluoroborate structure is based on planar hydrogen-bonded theopylline cation dimers; the anions interact with the dimers in a pendant fashion. The anhydrous chloride structure hasZ′ = 2 and in contrast to the other species it does not form planar hydrogen-bonded constructs, instead one-dimensional chains of cations and anions propagate parallel to the crystallographiccdirection. An earlier report claiming to describe an anhydrous structure of theophylline hydrochloride is re-examined in light of these results. It is concluded that the earlier structure has been reported in the wrong space group and that it has been chemically misidentified.
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27

Pretorius, Ryno, John le Roux, Kobus Wagener, David van Vuuren e Philip Crouse. "Fluorination of neodymium carbonate monohydrate with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a Carberry spinning-basket reactor". Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 4, n. 8 (2019): 1400–1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00117k.

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Experimental data show that the fluorination of neodymium carbonate hydrate, using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to yield the metal trifluoride, is independent of temperature and linearly dependent on the reagent partial pressure.
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28

Platteau, Cyril, Jacques Lefebvre, Frederic Affouard, Jean-François Willart, Patrick Derollez e Franck Mallet. "Structure determination of the stable anhydrous phase of α-lactose from X-ray powder diffraction". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, n. 2 (16 marzo 2005): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105000455.

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The stable anhydrous form of α-lactose has been obtained by the dehydration of α-lactose monohydrate in methanol. An X-ray powder diffraction pattern was recorded at room temperature with a laboratory diffractometer equipped with an INEL curved sensitive detector CPS120. The starting structural model of this form was found by a Monte-Carlo simulated annealing method. The structure was obtained through Rietveld refinements and the minimization of crystalline energy for the localization of the H atoms of the hydroxyl groups. Soft restraints were applied to bond lengths and angles. Networks of O—H...O hydrogen bonds account for the crystalline cohesion. A comparison is made between the hydrogen-bond networks of this form and those of the monohydrate and hygroscopic anhydrous forms of α-lactose.
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29

Huang, Yu-Ren, Chung-Te Chang Chien e Cheng-Lung Chen. "A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Based Investigation of the Proton Conductivity of Anhydrous Pyrazole Doped Poly(Vinylphosphonic Acid) Composite System". Polymers 12, n. 12 (4 dicembre 2020): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122906.

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With the recognition of the multiple advantages of proton transport membranes that can operate under anhydrous conditions and offer promising opportunities as fuel cells working at high temperatures, a number of such membranes have been developed, but the proton transport mechanism of these materials has not been fully understood. In this work, a theoretical investigation based on molecular dynamics simulations is carried out on a system that is very similar to a real anhydrous proton transport membrane. The location and type of hydrogen bonds have been precisely identified by intermolecular pair correlation functions. Furthermore, analysis of the proton coordination numbers shows that more protons are located in the neighborhood of the oxygen atoms of poly(vinyl phosphonate anion) than in the neighborhood of the nitrogen atoms of pyrazole. The proton conductivity, 1.06 × 10−3 Scm−1, is obtained by the self-diffusion coefficient of the protons at 423 K, which is reasonably close to the experimentally measured value, 2 × 10−4 Scm−1. In addition, the analysis of the proton trajectories provides us with the proton transfer mechanism in an anhydrous membrane: (a) proton hopping between the oxygen atoms of poly(vinyl phosphonate anion) and (b) proton hopping between two pyrazole molecules. Therefore, the network of the hydrogen bond is the pathway to transport protons via the processes of hydrogen bond forming and breaking.
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30

Besida, John, e Thomas A. O'Donnell. "Stabilization of homopolyatomic cations of iodine in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Inorganic Chemistry 28, n. 9 (maggio 1989): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00308a015.

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31

Selig, H., e R. Gut. "Preparation of new graphite intercalation compounds in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 45, n. 1 (ottobre 1989): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)84447-4.

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32

Höcker, J., U. Menyes e U. Roth. "The influence of surfactants on acylation in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 58, n. 2-3 (agosto 1992): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80746-0.

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33

Bell, David R., e Phillip D. Ihinger. "The isotopic composition of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, n. 12 (giugno 2000): 2109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00440-8.

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34

Hagiwara, Rika, Kazukiyo Tozawa e Yasuhiko Ito. "Reactions of graphite hexafluoroarsenates with fluorobases in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 88, n. 2 (marzo 1998): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(98)00128-6.

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35

Wang, Xian-hong, e Manfred Schlosser. "A Convenient and Economic Way to Produce Anhydrous Hydrogen Bromide". Synthesis 1994, n. 05 (1994): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-25506.

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36

Burrus, H. L. "The precipitation of anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate from homogeneous solution". Journal of Applied Chemistry 11, n. 10 (4 maggio 2007): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010111003.

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37

Low, John N., e Christopher Glidewell. "A quasi-diamondoid hydrogen-bonded framework in anhydrous sulfanilic acid". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 58, n. 4 (12 marzo 2002): o209—o211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270102003025.

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38

Nakajima, Tsuyoshi. "Synthesis of Highly Fluorinated Graphite in Anhydrous Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride". ECS Proceedings Volumes 1994-13, n. 1 (gennaio 1994): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199413.0379pv.

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39

Aslam, Mohammad, Kenneth G. Davenport e Wayne F. Stansbury. "Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reactions of thioaromatic compounds". Journal of Organic Chemistry 56, n. 20 (settembre 1991): 5955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a048.

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40

Besida, John, e ThomasA O'Donnell. "Stability of homopolyatomic non-metal cations in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 35, n. 1 (febbraio 1987): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1139(87)95080-9.

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41

Weis, Franz A., Peter Lazor e Henrik Skogby. "Hydrogen analysis in nominally anhydrous minerals by transmission Raman spectroscopy". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 45, n. 7 (27 gennaio 2018): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-018-0945-2.

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42

Dong, Yan Wu, Zhou Hua Jiang, Lian Ke Liang e Zheng Bang Li. "Behavior of Hydrogen during Electroslag Remelting Process". Materials Science Forum 675-677 (febbraio 2011): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.843.

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Abstract (sommario):
Behavior of hydrogen in steel during electroslag remelting process was investigated on a laboratory-scale unit. Results indicated that a considerable amount of hydrogen was picked up by the metal at the beginning of the process. Hydrogen content decreased with the increasing of ingot height. To avoid the hydrogen peak, anhydrous components must be used. Protective atmosphere combining with premelted slag was the optimal measure to control hydrogen in steel when the solid-starting technique was carried out. According to the results in the experiment it was not the crucial factor for hydrogen in steel remelted under protective atmosphere whether slag contained lime or not at actual remelting period.
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43

Lu, Zhiming, Bing Bing Chen, Zeng Liang Gao e De Ming Fang. "Stress Corrosion Crack Tests of 16MnR Low Alloy Steel in Anhydrous Ammonia Environment". Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (novembre 2005): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.974.

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Anhydrous ammonia is one of the medium where the steel is easy to suffer stress corrosion cracking. Many stress corrosion crack accidents of ammonia storage tanks have been reported all over the world for recent years. 16MnR low alloy steel with good composite mechanical properties is the most common used pressure vessel steel in China, it has better anticorrosion properties than the low alloy high strength steel, especially in anhydrous ammonia environments. Many stress corrosion crack researches have been done for 16MnR steel in wet hydrogen sulfide service for last decades, but less has been done in anhydrous ammonia environments. Stress corrosion tests with eight constant strain pre-cracked specimen were carried out in this work. The pre-cracked specimen were loaded with loading bolts and put into the special ammonia storage tank for tests, they were taken out from the tank periodically to measure crack length. The stress corrosion crack growth rate and the threshold stress intensity factors KISCC of 16MnR steel in anhydrous ammonia environments were measured. Based on test results, the effects of environmental factors and steel strength on stress corrosion cracking of 16MnR steel in anhydrous ammonia service were analyzed. It could be concluded that specimen cracks of the 16MnR steel in anhydrous ammonia environments almost do not grow, threshold stress intensity factors KISCC are higher than 90MPa m .
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44

Mattsson, Stefan, e Beate Paulus. "A theoretical study on the binding and electrolytic splitting of hydrogen fluoride on Ni(111) and Ni(211)". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, n. 8 (2020): 4407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06348j.

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Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) is electrochemically activated on Ni electrodes in the Simons process. We study the electrode/electrolyte interface using DFT methods and find the splitting of HF to be exothermic even at low cell potentials.
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45

Botez, C. E., P. W. Stephens, C. Nunes e R. Suryanarayanan. "Crystal structure of anhydrous δ-D-mannitol". Powder Diffraction 18, n. 3 (settembre 2003): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1582460.

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The crystal structure of anhydrous δ-D-mannitol (C6H14O6) was solved from high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data collected on a mixture containing 20% and 80% w/w of β- and δ-D-mannitol, respectively. The direct space simulated annealing program PSSP, and Rietveld analysis employing GSAS were used to determine and refine the structure. The polymorph has monoclinic symmetry, space group P21 with a=5.089 41(5) Å, b=18.2504(2) Å, c=4.917 02(5) Å, and β=118.303(2)°. There is one molecule in the irreducible volume of the unit cell. The pattern of hydrogen bonding is significantly different than the previously known α and β forms.
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46

Mora, Asiloé J., Edward E. Avila, Gerzon E. Delgado, Andrew N. Fitch e Michela Brunelli. "Temperature effects on the hydrogen-bond patterns in 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2005): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768104031738.

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A temperature-controlled X-ray powder diffraction experiment, complemented with TGA and DSC analysis, allowed us to follow changes in the molecular conformation and hydrogen-bond patterns of 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid. The presence of three phases is confirmed. Phase 1 represents the monohydrated form of 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, which exists from room temperature to 359 K, where dehydration occurs. Phase 2 measured at 363 K corresponds to an anhydrous form of the acid. At ca 458 K the onset of a second, more gradual transition is observed, which ends at around 543 K. Phase 3 measured at 543 K is a high-temperature anhydrous form of the acid. The structures of phases 2 and 3 were solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data by simulated annealing using the DASH program and refined by the Rietveld method. The phase changes are accompanied by modification of the hydrogen-bond patterns and of the torsional orientation of the terminal carboxylate group. This group makes a 49° rotation about the C1—C2 bond during the first transition.
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47

Liu, Wendi, Yan Yang e Qunke Xia. "Reply to Kroll and Schmid-Beurmann's comment on “Water decreases displacive phase transition temperature in alkali feldspar” by Liu et al. (2018)". European Journal of Mineralogy 32, n. 3 (15 maggio 2020): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-305-2020.

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Abstract. It has long been known that hydrogen impurities can be incorporated in the structure of nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) and substantially influence their physical properties. One of the geologically most prominent NAMs is feldspar. The hydrogen concentration in NAMs is usually expressed in parts per million of water by weight (ppm H2O wt.) In this paper, we use the term “hydrogen” for uniformity, except when we use “water” for describing its amount expressed as parts per million of H2O by weight. In our article (Liu et al., 2018), we carried out in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies on three natural anorthoclase samples with similar Or (K-feldspar) contents (Ab67Or31An2, Ab66Or31An2, and Ab65Or33An3) and Al–Si disordering but contrasting water contents. The spectroscopic results suggested that the displacive phase transition temperature is higher for the nearly anhydrous anorthoclase sample than the anorthoclase samples with about 200 ppm water, and we thus concluded that hydrogen is another factor impacting the displacive phase transition temperature. We thank Kroll and Schmid-Beurmann for pointing out the weakness in our interpretation that hydrogen is a possible important factor (Kroll and Schmid-Beurmann, 2020). To clarify this issue, we conducted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments on the three samples to check texture effects. The TEM studies indicated that the nearly anhydrous anorthoclase sample consists of two feldspar phases, a K-poor and a K-rich one, and that the K-poor area may be responsible for the higher displacive phase transition temperature. According to the observation that the temperature of redistribution of hydrogen is accordant with the displacive phase transition temperature, the effect of hydrogen could not be ruled out. Based on these results, it can be concluded that hydrogen may not be the sole possible factor, and it was a proposition more than a definitive proof for the moment. Natural feldspars are complex, and factors affecting displacive phase transitions are multiple (e.g., Salje et al., 1991; Harrison and Salje, 1994; Hayward and Salje, 1996; Dobrovolsky et al., 2017). Therefore, to further investigate hydrogen effects on displacive phase transition in feldspar, synthetic samples with pure chemical compositions and hydrogen species are necessary. In the following, we address each issue in the same order as in the comment by Kroll and Schmidt-Beurmann (2020).
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48

Besida, John, Thomas A. O'Donnell e P. Gary Eller. "Chromyl fluoride in acidic and basic hydrogen fluoride solutions". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, n. 11 (1 novembre 1989): 2047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-317.

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Chromyl fluoride provides a nonconducting solution in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with Raman spectroscopic features indistinguishable from those of the solute in the gas phase, indicating no fluoride or proton transfer in solution. With increasing acidity in the SbF5–HF solvent system, CrO2F2 forms cationic species, the nature of which is discussed. The acidity-dependence of cationic speciation in HF–TaF5 and in HF–AsF5 is consistent with that in HF–SbF5. Keywords: chromyl fluoride, antimony fluoride, Lewis acid, Raman spectroscopy, hydrogen fluoride.
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49

COOPER, M. S., H. HEANEY, A. J. NEWBOLD e W. R. SANDERSON. "ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reactions Using Urea-Hydrogen Peroxide. A Safe Alternative to Anhydrous Hydrogen Peroxide." ChemInform 22, n. 5 (23 agosto 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199105124.

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50

Frohn, H. J., e V. V. Bardin. "The First Hydrogen Containing (Polyfluorocycloalken-l-yl)xenon(II) Salts". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, n. 5-6 (1 giugno 1998): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-5-612.

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Abstract (2-H-Hexafluoro-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl)xenon(II) and (2-H-octafluorocyclohexen-1-yl)xenon(II) hexafluoroarsenates and tetrafluoroborates were obtained together with their perfluorinated analogues on reacting the corresponding (2,3,4,5-tetrafluorophenyl)xenon(II) salts with XeF2 in anhydrous HF (aHF). The fluorinated (cyclohexen-1-yl)xenon(II) cations react with bromide and iodide anions in MeCN and aHF under alkenylation of the halide anions.
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