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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Animal mechanics"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 luglio 2024

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1

Alexander, R. McNeill. "Mechanics of animal movement." Current Biology 15, no. 16 (August 2005): R616—R619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.016.

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Kalinowski, Anna Maria. "“My pockets are full”: The Emotional and Mechanical Function of Goodbyes in Animal Crossing." Animal Crossing Special Issue 13, no. 22 (February 16, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1075263ar.

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This article focuses on goodbyes within the Animal Crossing series, describing them as an important but often overlooked mechanic afforded through the inventory space. Beginning with defining the general mechanics withing the series, the article highlights the value of inventory space and argues that inventory space affords the central mechanic of collecting to emerge. As inventory space is not infinite, collecting is accompanied by the necessary mechanic of goodbyes. In order to make more room to collect players will be faced with choices of departing from both items and villagers, the game’s

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3

Gans, Carl. "Animal Mechanics. R. McNeill Alexander." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 2 (June 1985): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414369.

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4

Blake, Robert W. "Mechanics and physiology of animal swimming." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 191, no. 1 (August 1995): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)90071-3.

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5

Gomes, R. F. M., X. Shen, R. Ramchandani, R. S. Tepper, and J. H. T. Bates. "Comparative respiratory system mechanics in rodents." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 908–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.908.

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Because of the wide utilization of rodents as animal models in respiratory research and the limited data on measurements of respiratory input impedance (Zrs) in small animals, we measured Zrs between 0.25 and 9.125 Hz at different levels (0–7 hPa) of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits using a computer-controlled small-animal ventilator (Schuessler TF and Bates JHT, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42: 860–866, 1995). Zrs was fitted with a model, including a Newtonian resistance (R) and inertance in series with a constant-phase tissue compartment characterized

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Dudley, R., and P. Chai. "Animal flight mechanics in physically variable gas mixtures." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.9.1881.

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Empirical studies of animal flight performance have generally been implemented within the contemporary atmosphere. Experimental alteration of the physical composition of gas mixtures, however, permits construction of novel flight media and the non-invasive manipulation of flight biomechanics. For example, replacement of atmospheric nitrogen with various noble gases results in a tenfold variation in air density at a constant oxygen concentration. Such variation in air density correspondingly elicits extraordinary biomechanical effort from flying animals; hummingbirds and euglossine orchid bees

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Pouillard, Violette. "Animal Biographies: Beyond Archetypal Figures." Journal of Animal Ethics 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.07.

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Abstract The biographies of animal celebrities published by the historians John Simons and Eric Baratay aim to place animals in and of themselves at the center of academic narratives. Both excavate the lived experiences concealed behind official discourses and collective representations, notably by relying on cross-fertilization with ethological research. They unveil the ways in which information was reshaped in order to portray animal celebrities as benevolent members of human-animal communities, and thereby shed light on the mechanics of animal commodification. The close examination of a few

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8

Xiao, Shuhai. "Mitotic topologies and mechanics of Neoproterozoic algae and animal embryos." Paleobiology 28, no. 2 (2002): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0244:mtamon>2.0.co;2.

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Cell division is a key biological process in growth, morphogenesis, and reproduction. Despite our improved understanding of the genetics and dynamics of cell division in all major groups of living organisms, paleontological evidence for cell division is largely restricted to silicified (and some carbonaceous) algae and vascular plants where three-dimensional observation is possible. Animal cell division has been documented in the fossil record to a lesser extent; however, such knowledge is highly desirable in the recently revitalized field of evolutionary developmental biology. Two fundamental

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9

Oliveira, Maria A., Alembert E. Lino-Alvarado, Henrique T. Moriya, and Renato L. Vitorasso. "Drug class effects on respiratory mechanics in animal models: access and applications." Experimental Biology and Medicine 246, no. 9 (February 18, 2021): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370221993095.

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Assessment of respiratory mechanics extends from basic research and animal modeling to clinical applications in humans. However, to employ the applications in human models, it is desirable and sometimes mandatory to study non-human animals first. To acquire further precise and controlled signals and parameters, the animals studied must be further distant from their spontaneous ventilation. The majority of respiratory mechanics studies use positive pressure ventilation to model the respiratory system. In this scenario, a few drug categories become relevant: anesthetics, muscle blockers, broncho

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10

Chiou, Kevin, and Eva-Maria S. Collins. "Why we need mechanics to understand animal regeneration." Developmental Biology 433, no. 2 (January 2018): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.021.

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11

Fenwick, Axel J., Vivek P. Jani, David A. Kass, and Anthony Cammarato. "HFpEF animal models display differences in myofibril mechanics." Biophysical Journal 122, no. 3 (February 2023): 122a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.830.

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Bates, Jason H. T., Mercedes Rincon, and Charles G. Irvin. "Animal models of asthma." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 297, no. 3 (September 2009): L401—L410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00027.2009.

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Studies in animal models form the basis for much of our current understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma, and are central to the preclinical development of drug therapies. No animal model completely recapitulates all features of the human disease, however. Research has focused primarily on ways to generate allergic inflammation by sensitizing and challenging animals with a variety of foreign proteins, leading to an increased understanding of the immunological factors that mediate the inflammatory response and its physiological expression in the form of airways hyperresponsiveness. Animal

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13

Schipper, Henk, Sander Kranenbarg, Johan van Leeuwen, Merel Gijsen, Monique Haazelager, and Mark van Turnhout. "Quantitative description of collagen structure in the articular cartilage of the young and adult equine distal metacarpus." Animal Biology 58, no. 4 (2008): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075608x383674.

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AbstractThe orientation and organisation of collagen fibrils play an important role in the mechanical functioning of the articular cartilage (AC) that covers the surfaces in the diarthrodial joints. In the adult animal, typically an arcade like 'Benninghoff structure' is found. Because the remodelling capacity of the collagen network in the adult animal is limited, this Benninghoff structure needs to develop before the animal reaches maturity, and it needs to develop correctly. The aim of this study is to use quantitative polarised light microscopy (qPLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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14

Usherwood, James Richard (Jim). "The muscle-mechanical compromise framework: Implications for the scaling of gait and posture." Journal of Human Kinetics 52, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0198.

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Abstract Many aspects of animal and human gait and posture cannot be predicted from purely mechanical work minimization or entirely based on optimizing muscle efficiency. Here, the Muscle-Mechanical Compromise Framework is introduced as a conceptual paradigm for considering the interactions and compromises between these two objectives. Current assumptions in implementing the Framework are presented. Implications of the compromise are discussed and related to the scaling of running mechanics and animal posture.

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15

Dzendolet, Ernest. "On the Theory of Behavioral Mechanics." Psychological Reports 85, no. 3 (December 1999): 707–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.707.

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The Theory of Behavioral Mechanics is the behavioral analogue of Newton's laws of motion, with the rate of responding in operant conditioning corresponding to physical velocity. In an earlier work, the basic relation between rate of responding and sessions under two FI schedules and over a range of commonly used session values had been shown to be a power function. Using that basic relation, functions for behavioral acceleration, mass, and momentum are derived here. Data from other laboratories also support the applicability of a power function to VI schedules. A particular numerical value is

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16

McCormack, G. S., R. H. Moreno, J. C. Hogg, and P. D. Pare. "Lung mechanics in papain-treated rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.1.242.

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To further investigate the effects of airway cartilage softening on static and dynamic lung mechanics, 11 rabbits were treated with 100 mg/kg iv papain, whereas 9 control animals received no pretreatment. Lung mechanics were studied 24 h after papain injection. There was no significant difference in lung volumes, lung pressure-volume curves, or chest wall compliance. Papain-treated rabbits showed increased lung resistance: 91 +/- 63 vs. 39 +/- 22 cmH2O X l-1 X s (mean +/- SD; P less than 0.05), decreased maximal expiratory flows at all lung volumes, and preserved density dependence of maximal

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Kiss, Attila, and Gábor Pusztai. "Animal Farm—a complex artificial life 3D framework." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausi-2021-0004.

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Abstract The development of computer-generated ecosystem simulations are becoming more common due to the greater computational capabilities of machines. Because natural ecosystems are very complex, simplifications are required for implementation. This simulation environment o er a global view of the system and generate a lot of data to process and analyse, which are difficult or impossible to do in nature. 3D simulations, besides of the scientific advantages in experiments, can be used for presentation, educational and entertainment purposes too. In our simulated framework (Animal Farm) we hav

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18

Wootton, Robin. "Charlie Ellington (1952-2019) – a career in animal flight mechanics." International Journal of Odonatology 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2019.1682372.

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19

De Groot, Jean. "Dunamis and the Science of Mechanics: Aristotle on Animal Motion." Journal of the History of Philosophy 46, no. 1 (2008): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hph.2008.1828.

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Hansen, Paul. "Becoming bovine: Mechanics and metamorphosis in Hokkaido's animal-human-machine." Journal of Rural Studies 33 (January 2014): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.02.001.

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21

Abramowitch, Steven D., Andrew Feola, Zegbeh Jallah, and Pamela A. Moalli. "Tissue mechanics, animal models, and pelvic organ prolapse: A review." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 144 (May 2009): S146—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.022.

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Wang, Liyu, Luzius Brodbeck, and Fumiya Iida. "Mechanics and energetics in tool manufacture and use: a synthetic approach." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 100 (November 6, 2014): 20140827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0827.

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Tool manufacture and use are observed not only in humans but also in other animals such as mammals, birds and insects. Manufactured tools are used for biomechanical functions such as effective control of fluids and small solid objects and extension of reaching. These tools are passive and used with gravity and the animal users' own energy. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, manufactured tools are extended phenotypes of the genes of the animal and exhibit phenotypic plasticity. This incurs energetic cost of manufacture as compared to the case with a fixed tool. This paper studies mec

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23

Costello, John H., Sean P. Colin, John O. Dabiri, Brad J. Gemmell, Kelsey N. Lucas, and Kelly R. Sutherland. "The Hydrodynamics of Jellyfish Swimming." Annual Review of Marine Science 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442.

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Jellyfish have provided insight into important components of animal propulsion, such as suction thrust, passive energy recapture, vortex wall effects, and the rotational mechanics of turning. These traits are critically important to jellyfish because they must propel themselves despite severe limitations on force production imposed by rudimentary cnidarian muscular structures. Consequently, jellyfish swimming can occur only by careful orchestration of fluid interactions. Yet these mechanics may be more broadly instructive because they also characterize processes shared with other animal swimme

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Daoud, Ehab, and Claudio Franck. "Alveolar mechanics: A new concept in respiratory monitoring." Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10065.

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A detailed understanding of respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation aids diagnostic accuracy and facilitates close monitoring of patient progress, allowing individualized ventilator adjustments aimed at minimizing ventilator induced lung injury. Respiratory mechanics can be described in terms of total respiratory, lung, and chest wall components and include compliance, resistance and are dependent on tidal volume, airway pressures, and flow for calculation. The interplay between the respiratory mechanics and ventilator delivered volume, flow, and pressure have an important role in

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25

Liu, Sheng Xiong, Zhi Yong Yin, Kui Li, Dai Qin Tao, Ya Fang Luo, Cui Lian Ye, Chen Xu, Qin Jiang, Shu Ying Li, and Yuan Sun. "Experimental Design and Mechanics Study on Brain Injury Tolerance under Sagittal Angular Acceleration Based on Shearing Strain Equivalent Coupling Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.55.

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s: Brain impact injury is the leading cause of death in traffic accidents. In this paper, a brain multi-functional rotary impacting platform will first be set up. After this, the living animal brain sagittally rotary impacts will be executed and the injury tolerance will be achieved. Then, the sagittal physical models of animal and human brains will be produced and the four-point markers will be placed widely on the models sagittal sections. In succession, the high-speed camera and the three-dimension infrared motion analysis meter will be used to record the rotary impacting process, the exter

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Hughey, Lacey F., Andrew M. Hein, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin, and Frants H. Jensen. "Challenges and solutions for studying collective animal behaviour in the wild." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1746 (March 26, 2018): 20170005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0005.

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Mobile animal groups provide some of the most compelling examples of self-organization in the natural world. While field observations of songbird flocks wheeling in the sky or anchovy schools fleeing from predators have inspired considerable interest in the mechanics of collective motion, the challenge of simultaneously monitoring multiple animals in the field has historically limited our capacity to study collective behaviour of wild animal groups with precision. However, recent technological advancements now present exciting opportunities to overcome many of these limitations. Here we review

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Zilianti, Camilla, Erfan Bashar, Anna Kyriakoudi, and Matteo Pecchiari. "Interrupter Technique Revisited: Building an Experimental Mechanical Ventilator to Assess Respiratory Mechanics in Large Animals." Fluids 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2024): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9060142.

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Large animals are increasingly used as experimental models of respiratory diseases. Precise characterization of respiratory mechanics requires dedicated equipment with specific characteristics which are difficult to find together in the same commercial device. In this work, we describe building and validation of a computer-controlled ventilator able to perform rapid airways occlusions during constant flow inflations followed by a prolonged inspiratory hold. A constant airflow is provided by a high pressure source (5 atm) connected to the breathing circuit by three proportional valves. The comb

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Neil, Thomas R., and Graham N. Askew. "Swimming mechanics and propulsive efficiency in the chambered nautilus." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 170467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170467.

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The chambered nautilus ( Nautilus pompilius ) encounters severe environmental hypoxia during diurnal vertical movements in the ocean. The metabolic cost of locomotion ( C met ) and swimming performance depend on how efficiently momentum is imparted to the water and how long on-board oxygen stores last. While propulsive efficiency is generally thought to be relatively low in jet propelled animals, the low C met in Nautilus indicates that this is not the case. We measured the wake structure in Nautilus during jet propulsion swimming, to determine their propulsive efficiency. Animals swam with ei

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Muller, Eliara Solange, Mariléa Fátima Matiazzo, Angélica Soligo Cassol, and Vanessa Barbisan Fortes. "CRIMES AGAINST WILD ANIMALS IN THE WEST OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS FROM ASSESSMENTS AND SEIZURES CARRIED OUT BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL MILITARY POLICE OF CHAPECÓ." Revista Acta Ambiental Catarinense 19, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 01–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24021/raac.v19i1.6108.

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Several reports carried out by public agencies are related to conducts that altogether may constitute animal trafficking, which, along with other anthropic practices, contribute to the process of decline in animal species. Our objective was to collect data on environmental crimes related to fauna in the area of jurisdiction of the Environmental Military Police of Chapecó (EMPC), in the state of Santa Catarina_Brazil. For that, a documentary survey was carried out in the archives of that organ from January/1999 to December/2017. Environmental crimes related to fauna comprised 196 complaints, wi

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Südy, Roberta, Gergely H. Fodor, André Dos Santos Rocha, Álmos Schranc, József Tolnai, Walid Habre, and Ferenc Peták. "Different contributions from lungs and chest wall to respiratory mechanics in mice, rats, and rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00048.2019.

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Changes in lung mechanics are frequently inferred from intact-chest measures of total respiratory system mechanics without consideration of the chest wall contribution. The participation of lungs and chest wall in respiratory mechanics has not been evaluated systematically in small animals commonly used in respiratory research. Thus, we compared these contributions in intact-chest mice, rats, and rabbits and further characterized the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Forced oscillation technique was applied to anesthetized mechanically ventilated healthy animals to obtain t

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Etter, Tom, and H. Pierre Noyes. "Process, System, Causality, and Quantum Mechanics: A Psychoanalysis of Animal Faith." Physics Essays 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 733–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3028803.

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Wheatley, S. "UPDATES ON THE MECHANICS AND REGULATION OF CYTOKINESIS IN ANIMAL CELLS." Cell Biology International 23, no. 12 (December 1999): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1999.0475.

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Daniel, Thomas L. "Forward flapping flight from flexible fins." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-094.

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The mechanics and energetics of aquatic flight by the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) are examined with cinefilm and a new theoretical approach toward flight mechanics. Film analyses show that these animals move with a flapping, flexing wing that has a propulsive wave travelling rearward at twice the forward speed of the animal. A combination of blade-element theory and unsteady airfoil theory is used to examine the mechanics and energetics of this mode of locomotion. The theoretical analysis shows that (i) unsteady effects determine the overall performance of the wings, and (ii) there exist

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Fomovsky, Gregory M., and Jeffrey W. Holmes. "Evolution of scar structure, mechanics, and ventricular function after myocardial infarction in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 1 (January 2010): H221—H228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2009.

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The mechanical properties of the healing scar are an important determinant of heart function following myocardial infarction. Yet the relationship between scar structure, scar mechanics, and ventricular function remains poorly understood, in part because no published study has tracked all of these factors simultaneously in any animal model. We therefore studied the temporal evolution of scar structure, scar mechanics, and left ventricular (LV) function in large anterior myocardial infarcts in rats. At 1, 2, 3, and 6 wk after left anterior descending coronary ligation, we examined LV function u

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Daemen, Mat J., Frank J. H. Gijsen, Kim Van der Heiden, and Ayla Hoogendoorn. "Animal models for plaque rupture: a biomechanical assessment." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 115, no. 03 (2016): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th15-07-0614.

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SummaryRupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Animal models of plaque rupture are rare but essential for testing new imaging modalities to enable diagnosis of the patient at risk. Moreover, they enable the design of new treatment strategies to prevent plaque rupture. Several animal models for the study of atherosclerosis are available. Plaque rupture in these models only occurs following severe surgical or pharmaceutical intervention. In the process of plaque rupture, composition, biology and mechanics each play a role, but the latter has been disr

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Arold, Stephen P., Béla Suki, Adriano M. Alencar, Kenneth R. Lutchen, and Edward P. Ingenito. "Variable ventilation induces endogenous surfactant release in normal guinea pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 285, no. 2 (August 2003): L370—L375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00036.2003.

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Variable or noisy ventilation, which includes random breath-to-breath variations in tidal volume (Vt) and frequency, has been shown to consistently improve blood oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in various models of acute lung injury. To further understand the effects of variable ventilation on lung physiology and biology, we mechanically ventilated 11 normal guinea pigs for 3 h using constant-Vt ventilation ( n = 6) or variable ventilation ( n = 5). After 3 h of ventilation, each animal underwent whole lung lavage for determination of alveolar surfactant content and composition, whil

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Neves, Mario Fritsch, Daniel Arthur B. Kasal, Ana Rosa Cunha, and Fernanda Medeiros. "Vascular Dysfunction as Target Organ Damage in Animal Models of Hypertension." International Journal of Hypertension 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/187526.

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Endothelial dysfunction is one of the main characteristics of chronic hypertension and it is characterized by impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity determined by increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Endothelial function is usually evaluated by measuring the vasodilation induced by the local NO production stimulated by external mechanical or pharmacological agent. These vascular reactivity tests may be carried out in different models of experimental hypertension such as NO-deficient rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, salt-sensitive rats, and many others. Wire myograph and pressuriz

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Blickhan, Reinhard, Andre Seyfarth, Hartmut Geyer, Sten Grimmer, Heiko Wagner, and Michael Günther. "Intelligence by mechanics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1850 (November 17, 2006): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1911.

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Research on the biomechanics of animal and human locomotion provides insight into basic principles of locomotion and respective implications for construction and control. Nearly elastic operation of the leg is necessary to reproduce the basic dynamics in walking and running. Elastic leg operation can be modelled with a spring-mass model. This model can be used as a template with respect to both gaits in the construction and control of legged machines. With respect to the segmented leg, the humanoid arrangement saves energy and ensures structural stability. With the quasi-elastic operation the

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Bose, Shirsha, Simin Li, Elisa Mele, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Exploring the Mechanical Properties and Performance of Type-I Collagen at Various Length Scales: A Progress Report." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082753.

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Collagen is the basic protein of animal tissues and has a complex hierarchical structure. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical and structural stability of biological tissues. Over the years, it has become a material of interest in the biomedical industries thanks to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and low antigenicity. Despite its significance, the mechanical properties and performance of pure collagen have been never reviewed. In this work, the emphasis is on the mechanics of collagen at different hierarchical levels and its long-term mechanical performanc

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Bishai, John M., and Wayne Mitzner. "Effect of severe calorie restriction on the lung in two strains of mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 295, no. 2 (August 2008): L356—L362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00514.2007.

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There is a body of literature in animal models that has suggested the development of emphysema following severe calorie restriction. This has led to the notion of “nutritional emphysema” that might have relevance in COPD patients. There have been few studies, however, that have looked closely at both the mechanics and lung structure in the same animals. In the present work, we examined lung mechanics and histological changes in two strains of mice that have substantial differences in alveolar size, the C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ strains. We quantified the dynamic elastance and resistance at 2.5 Hz, t

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Hsieh, S. Tonia. "Three-axis optical force plate for studies in small animal locomotor mechanics." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 5 (May 2006): 054303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2202910.

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Pennycuick, C. J. "The concept of energy height in animal locomotion: separating mechanics from physiology." Journal of Theoretical Biology 224, no. 2 (September 2003): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00157-7.

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43

Ansell, A. D. "Advances in comparative and environmental physiology, vol. 11: mechanics of animal locomotion." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 178, no. 2 (May 1994): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)90042-6.

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44

Feng, Xi Qiao, and Mao Sun. "About the special topic of mechanics and biomimetics of biomaterials and animal locomotion." Acta Mechanica Sinica 26, no. 1 (February 13, 2010): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-010-0333-8.

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45

Gautestad, Arild O. "Brownian motion or Lévy walk? Stepping towards an extended statistical mechanics for animal locomotion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 74 (March 28, 2012): 2332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0059.

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Abstract (sommario):

Animals moving under the influence of spatio-temporal scaling and long-term memory generate a kind of space-use pattern that has proved difficult to model within a coherent theoretical framework. An extended kind of statistical mechanics is needed, accounting for both the effects of spatial memory and scale-free space use, and put into a context of ecological conditions. Simulations illustrating the distinction between scale-specific and scale-free locomotion are presented. The results show how observational scale (time lag between relocations of an individual) may critically influence the int

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46

Farley, C. T., and T. C. Ko. "Mechanics of locomotion in lizards." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 16 (August 1, 1997): 2177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.16.2177.

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Abstract (sommario):

Lizards bend their trunks laterally with each step of locomotion and, as a result, their locomotion appears to be fundamentally different from mammalian locomotion. The goal of the present study was to determine whether lizards use the same two basic gaits as other legged animals or whether they use a mechanically unique gait due to lateral trunk bending. Force platform and kinematic measurements revealed that two species of lizards, Coleonyx variegatus and Eumeces skiltonianus, used two basic gaits similar to mammalian walking and trotting gaits. In both gaits, the kinetic energy fluctuations

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47

Green, P. A., M. J. McHenry, and A. Rico-Guevara. "Mechanoethology: The Physical Mechanisms of Behavior." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab133.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Research that integrates animal behavior theory with mechanics—including biomechanics, physiology, and functional morphology—can reveal how organisms accomplish tasks crucial to their fitness. Despite the insights that can be gained from this interdisciplinary approach, biomechanics commonly neglects a behavioral context and behavioral research generally does not consider mechanics. Here, we aim to encourage the study of “mechanoethology,” an area of investigation intended to encompass integrative studies of mechanics and behavior. Using examples from the literature, including papers

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Fritzsche, Marco, Christoph Erlenkämper, Emad Moeendarbary, Guillaume Charras, and Karsten Kruse. "Actin kinetics shapes cortical network structure and mechanics." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (April 2016): e1501337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501337.

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Abstract (sommario):

The actin cortex of animal cells is the main determinant of cellular mechanics. The continuous turnover of cortical actin filaments enables cells to quickly respond to stimuli. Recent work has shown that most of the cortical actin is generated by only two actin nucleators, the Arp2/3 complex and the formin Diaph1. However, our understanding of their interplay, their kinetics, and the length distribution of the filaments that they nucleate within living cells is poor. Such knowledge is necessary for a thorough comprehension of cellular processes and cell mechanics from basic polymer physics pri

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Potts, Jonathan R., Karl Mokross, and Mark A. Lewis. "A unifying framework for quantifying the nature of animal interactions." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 96 (July 6, 2014): 20140333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0333.

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Abstract (sommario):

Collective phenomena, whereby agent–agent interactions determine spatial patterns, are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. On the other hand, movement and space use are also greatly influenced by the interactions between animals and their environment. Despite both types of interaction fundamentally influencing animal behaviour, there has hitherto been no unifying framework for the models proposed in both areas. Here, we construct a general method for inferring population-level spatial patterns from underlying individual movement and interaction processes, a key ingredient in building a statistic

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Templin, R. J. "The spectrum of animal flight: insects to pterosaurs." Progress in Aerospace Sciences 36, no. 5-6 (August 2000): 393–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-0421(00)00007-5.

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