Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Appareil respiratoire – Cognition"

Leigh syndrome which affects the central nervous system, is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder. It usually occurs apparent in the first year of life. Patients with Leigh syndrome are at high risk for respiratory impairment, problems with growth and cognitive development, encephalopathy, hypotonia, spasticity, epilepsy and convulsion. The neurologic manifestations may begin in infancy or early childhood, progressively worsen, and eventually lead to death in early childhood. There is no specific treatment for the disease. Early detection of this life-threatening disease, prevention of possible complications, and evidence-based nursing care for clinical findings are the most important factors that increase the quality of life of patients. In this case, the nursing care of the baby diagnosed with Leigh syndrome is presented.

A shift in lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic affects daily conditions, including sleep condition. During pandemic, humans have plenty of time to rest by the virtue of eliminating commuting time for daily activities, therefore changing the sleeping pattern in society, including for students. Students from academic year 2020 are the first to experience online classes, but since Semester 1 of 2022/2023 academic year ITENAS are going back to normal, on-site class activities. This condition reverted the lifestyle shaped over the past two years, affecting cognitive function because one of the supporting factors of cognitive function is sleep quality. Data from ITENAS Academic Bureau showed 48% of students from 2020 suffered decline in GPA index during the first semester of 2022/2023 academic period. In this research the sleep quality of students will be studied using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while cognitive capabilities will be observed through Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) with special attention for student’s GPA index. From 97 students sampled for this research, there is an increase of students having bad sleeping quality at the start, during, and at the end of semester, with average percentage during all 3 periods at 89.69% of students with bad sleep quality. The number of students with high cognitive capabilities is increasing from the start, during, and after the end of semester, therefore there is no correlation between sleep quality and cognitive capabilities (p>0.05), as well as between sleep quality and academic achievement and between cognitive capabilities and academic achievement. Despite differences in sleep quality between students from Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, and Faculty of Architecture and Design, no apparent differences in cognitive capabilities and academic achievements to be observed.

Abstract Introduction Many electronic health records fail to support information uptake because they impose low-level information organization tasks on users. Clinical concept-oriented views have shown information processing improvements, but the specifics of this organization for critical care are unclear. Objective To determine high-level cognitive processes and patient information organization schema in critical care. Methods We conducted an open card sort of 29 patient data elements and a modified Delphi card sort of 65 patient data elements. Study participants were 39 clinicians with varied critical care training and experience. We analyzed the open sort with a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and factor analysis (FA). The Delphi sort was split into three initiating groups that resulted in three unique solutions. We compared results between open sort analyses (HCA and FA), between card sorting exercises (open and Delphi), and across the Delphi solutions. Results Between the HCA and FA, we observed common constructs including cardiovascular and hemodynamics, infectious disease, medications, neurology, patient overview, respiratory, and vital signs. The more comprehensive Delphi sort solutions also included gastrointestinal, renal, and imaging constructs. Conclusions We identified primarily system-based groupings (e.g., cardiovascular, respiratory). Source-based (e.g., medications, laboratory) groups became apparent when participants were asked to sort a longer list of concepts. These results suggest a hybrid approach to information organization, which may combine systems, source, or problem-based groupings, best supports clinicians’ mental models. These results can contribute to the design of information displays to better support clinicians’ access and interpretation of information for critical care decisions.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can directly or indirectly affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in cognitive impairment, memory problems, and a wide range of neuromuscular involvement, including neuropathies. However, the long-term neurological complications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not clear. The aim this study was to analyze a case report the presence of neurological sequelae due to post-Coronavirus disease 19 in a patient without apparent previous neurological symptoms. Clinical case: A 46-year-old patient, with no relevant history for the described condition, who, after severe COVID-19 infection, started a mixed neuropathy and mental fog syndrome as the main sequel. Multiple laboratory and imaging studies were performed during and after his hospital stay, and it was corroborated by an electromyography that it occurred from a neuropathy triggered by COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: This case provides additional evidence that mixed neuropathy and brain fog syndrome are potential complications of post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome. The neurological sequelae that manifest after a COVID-19 episode can be rapidly enhanced as a consequence of another alteration in some systems of the organism. However, future studies are necessary to elucidate the incidence of these neurological complications, their pathophysiological mechanisms and their therapeutic options.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can directly or indirectly affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in cognitive impairment, memory problems, and a wide range of neuromuscular involvement, including neuropathies. However, the long-term neurological complications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not clear. The aim this study was to analyze a case report the presence of neurological sequelae due to post-Coronavirus disease 19 in a patient without apparent previous neurological symptoms. Clinical case: A 46-year-old patient, with no relevant history for the described condition, who, after severe COVID-19 infection, started a mixed neuropathy and mental fog syndrome as the main sequel. Multiple laboratory and imaging studies were performed during and after his hospital stay, and it was corroborated by an electromyography that it occurred from a neuropathy triggered by COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: This case provides additional evidence that mixed neuropathy and brain fog syndrome are potential complications of post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome. The neurological sequelae that manifest after a COVID-19 episode can be rapidly enhanced as a consequence of another alteration in some systems of the organism. However, future studies are necessary to elucidate the incidence of these neurological complications, their pathophysiological mechanisms and their therapeutic options.

Apprehension on contamination carry on to collect a moral arrangement of world interest due to its opposing effect on mortal fitness beside to postponement the surroundings. Current trainings reportable the essential associations between contamination and inevitable syndromes as glowing as an occurrence, falsification, infection, chest throbbing, nausea, respiratory ailment in addition to carcinoma, acute strength properties symbolize eye frustration, headache. The global Health Organization (WHO) statuses that millions persons decease n every time with contamination. The board of this paper is focused on the production investigation totally diverse ratios of two types of coals: LPG (propane) with gasoline (petrol) below changed laedings. The rudiments laboring in the investigation covers 4stroke, spark detonation the TD200 Small Engine Investigation, Gas deconstruct part (Techno investigation (T156/D3)), Gas Movement Meter that processes the LPG. The coals, gasoline in a liter (liters) with LPG in a liter (liters) besides were castoff to assess their impressions on the consume gas production unrestricted. The consequences are apparent that particle numeral attentiveness, (CO) augmented due to the engine loading will rise in gasoline (coal). Consuming LPG, the (CO) attentiveness equal was a fewer, momentous decrease in deplete emanations, conversely extraordinary hotness in the location than coal (gasoline) on engine stocking. The engine, mechanical via LPG coal, presented amended engine presentation in numerous phases containing global efficiency, coal frugality besides emanation physical appearance that are importantly lower from gasoline coal.

AbstractBehavioural and electrophysiological studies point to an apparent influence of the state of respiration, i.e., whether we inhale or exhale, on brain activity and cognitive performance. Still, the prevalence and relevance of such respiratory-behavioural relations in typical sensory-cognitive tasks remain unclear. We here used a battery of six tasks probing sensory detection, discrimination and short-term memory to address the questions of whether and by how much behaviour covaries with the respiratory cycle. Our results show that participants tend to align their respiratory cycle to the experimental paradigm, in that they tend to inhale around stimulus presentation and exhale when submitting their responses. Furthermore, their reaction times, but not so much their response accuracy, consistently and significantly covary with the respiratory cycle, differing between inhalation and exhalation. This effect is strongest when analysed contingent on the respiratory state around participants’ responses. The respective effect sizes of these respiration-behaviour relations are comparable to those seen in other typical experimental manipulations in sensory-cognitive tasks, highlighting the relevance of these effects. Overall, our results support a prominent relation between respiration and sensory-cognitive function and show that sensation is intricately linked to rhythmic bodily or interoceptive functions.

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has, up to the time of this article, resulted in >770 million cases of COVID-19 illness worldwide, and approximately 7 million deaths, including >1.1 million in the United States. Although defined as a respiratory virus, early in the pandemic, it became apparent that considerable numbers of people recovering from COVID-19 illness experienced persistence or new onset of multi-system health problems, including neurologic and cognitive and behavioral health concerns. Persistent multi-system health problems are defined as Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC), Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19, or Long COVID. A significant number of those with PCC report cognitive problems. This paper reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on persisting cognitive symptoms in adults following COVID-19 illness. A brief history is provided of the emergence of concerns about persisting cognitive problems following COVID-19 illness and the definition of PCC. Methodologic factors that complicate clear understanding of PCC are reviewed. The review then examines research on patterns of cognitive impairment that have been found, factors that may contribute to increased risk, behavioral health variables, and interventions being used to ameliorate persisting symptoms. Finally, recommendations are made about ways neuropsychologists can improve the quality of existing research.

Abstract Objective Many survivors of COVID-19 experience ongoing signs and symptoms affecting multiple body systems that impair function and negatively affect participation and quality of life. The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesize outpatient rehabilitation assessment and treatment recommendations for adults in postacute COVID-19 stages. Methods MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Central, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2020, to December 7, 2020. Teams of 2 reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and extracted data. All study designs that included rehabilitation recommendations were included. Study design, country, study population, purpose, and rehabilitation recommendations were recorded. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument was used to evaluate the quality of consensus guidelines. Results Forty-eight articles fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria (11 systematic reviews, 1 scoping review, 6 original research studies, 4 consensus guidelines, 26 narrative reviews, and editorials/commentaries). Recommended outcomes included exercise tolerance, respiratory function, muscle strength, and activities of daily living (ADL) or functional independence. Recommended treatments included respiratory rehabilitation, exercise therapy, education, psychological support, ADL and gait training, traditional Chinese medicine, and cognitive and vocational rehabilitation. Conclusion There were incongruities between what is known about postacute COVID-19 and what was recommended in the literature. Given the relatively large proportion of survivors who experience ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 or post–COVID-19 syndrome, it is important to quickly develop tools for self-management and access to rehabilitation specialists in multidisciplinary teams. Impact Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and respiratory therapists have an important role to play. Clinicians should focus on epidemiological evidence and emerging information on late sequelae of COVID-19 to inform rehabilitation programming and future research.

Les systèmes olfactif et respiratoire fonctionnent dans une harmonie rythmique. En effet, l’olfaction est liée inextricablement à la respiration car l’acheminement des odeurs dépend du régime respiratoire. Ce lien va même au-delà de l’échantillonnage car la respiration module l’activité des aires olfactives mais elle permet aussi la synchronisation des rythmes cérébraux dans des aires au-delà du système olfactif. Des liens directs ont d’ailleurs été démontrés entre régime respiratoire et fonctions cognitives. L’attention est une fonction cognitive majeure et bien que recouvrant plusieurs formes , c’est par le prisme de la vision que l’attention est le plus souvent étudiée. Pourtant l’olfaction constitue une porte d’entrée de choix pour explorer l’esprit de par sa relative simplicité anatomique, son lien avec la respiration et sa pertinence écologique chez le rongeur. À ce jour, alors que la respiration semble jouer un rôle dans plusieurs processus cognitifs, on ne connait pas le lien entre respiration et attention olfactive. De plus, le lien rythmique qui unit l’olfaction et la respiration est particulièrement intéressant dans le cadre de l’étude de l’attention. Effectivement, des études récentes démontrent que les processus attentionnels sont rythmiques, fluctuent dans le temps. Bien que répétées à travers différentes études, ces découvertes utilisent des tâches faisant appel principalement à l’attention visuo-spatiale. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons donc souhaité répondre à deux principaux objectifs : 1) Caractériser le comportement respiratoire dans une tâche d’attention aux odeurs avec les questions sous-jacentes : Est-ce que le fait de devoir soutenir et maintenir son attention fait appel à un régime respiratoire particulier? Est-ce qu’un pattern respiratoire favorise des réussites ? et 2) Est-ce que ces fluctuations des performances attentionnelles notamment décrites dans l’attention visuo-spatiale, se retrouvent également dans l’attention olfactive, un sens intrinsèquement rythmique ? Pour répondre à ce double objectif, nous avons développé une tâche de détection de signal permettant d’étudier l’attention soutenue aux odeurs chez le rat au sein d’une cage de pléthysmographie. Nous avons donc acquis simultanément des données respiratoires avec des performances dans une tâche d’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Pour notre 2ème objectif, grâce à des simulations informatiques de notre expérience, nous avons établi une méthode capable de tester la nature oscillatoire de nos données. Dans une première étude, nous montrons que les rats adoptent un comportement de flairage stéréotypé pendant l’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Ce comportement semble associé à de meilleures réussites. D’autre part, les animaux synchronisent leur phase respiratoire à des moments clés de la tâche. La seconde étude a montré qu’il était très difficile de distinguer les oscillations périodiques des oscillations apériodiques uniquement par des données comportementales dans nos conditions expérimentales. Si oscillations des performances il y a, l’amplitude des fluctuations attentionnelles est probablement trop basse pour conclure en faveur d’une présence d’oscillation périodique. En conclusion, nous avons pu caractériser le comportement respiratoire du rat tout au long d’une tâche d’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Nous avons déterminé des évènements clefs où l’on observe une synchronisation de phase respiratoire au travers des essais et des sujets. Aussi notre travail sur les fluctuations périodiques attentionnelles ouvre la voie vers une discussion essentielle sur la manière idéale de détecter ces oscillations comportementales
The olfactory and respiratory systems function in rhythmic harmony. In fact, olfaction is inextricably linked to respiration, as the delivery of odors depends on the respiratory regime. This link goes beyond sampling, as breathing not only modulates the activity of olfactory areas, but also synchronizes brain rhythms in areas beyond the olfactory system. Direct links have been demonstrated between respiratory regime and cognitive functions. Attention is a major cognitive function, and although it takes many forms, it is through the prism of vision that attention is most often studied. Yet olfaction is a prime entry point for exploring the mind, due to its relative anatomical simplicity, its link with respiration and its ecological relevance in rodents. To date, while breathing seems to play a role in several cognitive processes, the link between breathing and olfactory attention is still unknown. Moreover, the rhythmic link between olfaction and breathing is of particular interest in the study of attention. Indeed, recent studies show that attentional processes are rhythmic, fluctuating over time. Although repeated across different studies, these findings use tasks that primarily call on visuo-spatial attention. In the course of this thesis, we therefore set out to address two main objectives: 1) To characterize respiratory behavior in an odor attention task, with the underlying questions: Does having to sustain attention is associated to a specific respiratory regime? Does a respiratory pattern favor success? and 2) Do these fluctuations in attentional performance, notably described in visuo-spatial attention, also occur in olfactory attention, an intrinsically rhythmic sense? To address this dual objective, we developed a signal detection task to study sustained attention to odors in rats within a plethysmography cage. We thus simultaneously acquired respiratory data with performance in a sustained attention to odors task. For our 2nd objective, using computer simulations of our experiment, we established a method capable of testing the oscillatory nature of our data. In a first study, we show that rats adopt a stereotyped sniffing behavior during sustained attention to odors. This behavior seems to be associated with better performance. On the other hand, the animals synchronize their respiratory phase at key events of the task. The second study showed that it was very difficult to distinguish periodic from aperiodic oscillations using behavioral data alone under our experimental conditions. If fluctuations of performance are present, their amplitude is probably too low to conclude in favor of the presence of periodic oscillation. In conclusion, we were able to characterize the respiratory behavior of rats throughout a sustained attention to odors task. We have identified key events where respiratory phase synchronization is observed across trials and subjects. Moreover, our work on periodic attentional fluctuations opens the door to an essential discussion on the ideal way to detect these behavioral oscillations

Contexte : Les sujets âgés représentent un groupe d’âge dont la proportion ne cesse d’augmenter. Ainsi, la lutte contre la sédentarité et la pratique d’une activité physique régulière demeure l’une des principales mesures qui devrait être privilégiée chez les seniors. L’objectif principal de ce travail était de déterminer les effets d’un nouveau protocole de réentraînement en endurance sur ergocycle alternatif « le Programme d’Entraînement Personnalisé sur Cycle à charge constante avec Récupération intermittente » (PEP’C-R) sur les paramètres d’endurance et cardio-respiratoires maximaux chez des seniors de plus de 70 ans. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de déterminer les effets du PEP’C-R sur la fonction vasculaire et les performances cognitives. Résultats : le PEP’C-R permet une amélioration significative des paramètres d’endurance et cardio-respiratoires maximaux et permet aussi d’améliorer la fonction vasculaire et les performances cognitives. Conclusion : Les résultats apportés par ce travail permettront de diffuser le PEP’C-R chez les seniors en bonne santé et ceci dans le cadre de la prescription de programmes de réentraînement à l’effort
Background: Older adults constitute one of the most rapidly growing population groups. Consequently, avoiding an inactive lifestyle and encouraging regular physical activity remains one of the main measures that should be promoted for older adults. The main objective of our study was to determine the effects of a new lightweight protocol including recovery bouts called: “The Intermittent Aerobic Training Program with Recovery bouts” (IATP-R - PEP’C-R in French) for seniors over 70 on maximal cardiorespiratory and endurance parameters. The secondary objectives were to determine the effects of IATP-R on vascular function and cognitive performances. Results: Our results showed that this new “IATP-R” training protocol permits to achieve a significant improvement in both endurance parameters and maximal cardio-respiratory parameters. In addition, the IATP-R permits to improve the vascular function and cognitive performances. Conclusion: The results of this study could be useful to implement this new IATP-R protocol for healthy older adults over 70. This would also be within the framework of prescribing training programs

This chapter discusses the physiological changes that occur in the last weeks and days of life, and how this understanding can help in providing better care for patients and families. Starting in the last months of life with an accelerating course in the last several weeks, patients with advanced illnesses typically develop a characteristic decline in their physical function, nutritional status, respiratory function, and cognition as a result of progressive cancer and acute symptomatic complications. These changes correspond with worsening performance status, anorexia-cachexia, breathlessness, and delirium, which are prognostic factors in patients with advanced illnesses. In the last days of life, other physiological changes involving the neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems become apparent. The presence of telltale signs such as non-reactive pupils, Cheyne–Stokes breathing, inability to close eyelids, grunting of vocal cords, respiration with mandibular movement, death rattle, drooping of nasolabial fold, pulselessness of radial artery, hyperextension of neck, and decreased urine output significantly increase the likelihood of impending death within 3 days, although the absence of these signs cannot rule out impending death. Physiological monitoring such as vital signs, phase angle, cardiac electrophysiology, and bispectral index may provide further insights into the dying process.

Objectives. To review the evidence on the association between breastfeeding and infant and child health outcomes, including the extent to which these associations vary by the intensity, duration, mode, and source of breastmilk consumption. In this review, breastfeeding refers to feeding breastmilk whether directly from the breast or other means and includes breastmilk from pasteurized donor milk. Data sources. Systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL for English-language articles published from 2006 to August 14, 2024. We identified additional studies from reference lists and technical experts. Review methods. We worked with our sponsor and a panel of technical experts to identify the outcomes of interest for this review. The evidence for more than 20 outcomes was synthesized, including outcomes related to infectious diseases, asthma and allergic conditions, oral health, autoimmune gastrointestinal conditions, endocrine conditions, cardiovascular disease (CVD), childhood cancer, cognitive development, and infant mortality. We relied on existing systematic reviews (ESRs) for all outcomes and conducted bridge searches for newer primary studies since the search date of the most recent and relevant ESR. Studies were evaluated for eligibility and quality, and data were abstracted on study design, demographics, breastfeeding exposures and referents, and outcomes. We synthesized the evidence by outcome, summarizing the results of ESRs alongside those of newer primary studies. No meta-analyses were conducted given the combination of ESR and primary study evidence and heterogeneity in exposures and outcomes; but figures were created to visually display point estimates across studies. Results. A total of 29 ESRs and 145 primary studies were included. The cumulative number of studies included for each outcome varied from only 4 studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and type 2 diabetes to more than 180 studies reporting on the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity-related outcomes. We rated the strength of evidence as “Low” or “Moderate” for most outcomes, given limitations of the underlying evidence base, along with concerns related to heterogeneity of the study designs, and the consistency and precision of results. An association indicating a reduced risk from “more” versus “less” breastfeeding was most apparent for otitis media, asthma, obesity in childhood, and childhood leukemia. A protective association of breastfeeding was also found for severe respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in younger children, allergic rhinitis, malocclusion, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, rapid weight gain and growth, systolic blood pressure, and infant mortality, including sudden unexpected infant death, although our confidence in these findings was lower. There was no apparent association for the outcomes of atopic dermatitis, celiac disease, and cognitive ability. An association indicating an increased risk of dental caries was noted for breastfeeding 12 months or longer. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the relationship with food allergies and type 2 diabetes and no data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or CVD endpoint outcomes (i.e., events or mortality). While nearly all outcomes had evidence on ever (versus never) breastfeeding, exclusive (versus nonexclusive or no) breastfeeding, and longer durations (versus shorter or no) of any or exclusive breastfeeding, the exposure comparisons and categorizations reported in the ESRs and primary evidence made it extremely difficult to examine the nuances of these relationships. There was no clear “threshold” of breastfeeding that appeared to be most beneficial for any outcome. Furthermore, there were little data on how the relationships varied by mode of breastfeeding or source of breastmilk. Conclusions. Breastfeeding is associated with beneficial effects for several infant and child outcomes, although there are limitations to the data that preclude high certainty in the findings. Further research that addresses the limitations of existing studies is needed to continue to inform national guidelines and initiatives.