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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Leite, Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais, Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Magda Maria Guilhermino, and Luis Alberto Bermejo. "Adaptive assessment of small ruminants in arid and semi-arid regions." Small Ruminant Research 203 (October 2021): 106497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106497.

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Gorlov, I. F., G. V. Fedotova, M. I. Slozhenkina, N. I. Mosolova, Ya I. Gishlarkaev, T. A. Magomadov, Yu A. Yuldashbaev, and D. A. Mosolova. "Adaptation features of sheep of the Edilbaev breed reared in the agroecological conditions of the arid zones of Southern Russia." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-71-81.

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Aim. The aim of the research was to study the features of formation of adaptive ability, meat productivity and quality indicators of mutton obtained in the arid conditions of the Volga region from sheep of the Edilbaev breed of different genotypes. Material and Methods. A package of teaching materials has been developed concerning an increase in the productive qualities of different genotypes of the studied breed in the conditions of arid regions of southern Russia. Results. The authors’ research has demonstrated the high adaptive abilities of animals of the Edilbaev breed, their economic and

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Niemi, Jarkko K., Kari Hyytiäinen, Astou Diao Camara, Cheickh Sadibou Fall, and Siwa Msangi. "Simulated impacts of weather variability on seasonally moving pastoral livestock in northern Senegal." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 33 (January 31, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75213.

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Households in the arid or semi-arid regions often practice transhumance, which means that the household or part of it moves seasonally with animals from a common pasture to another. Semi-arid regions in the Sahel have faced increasing environmental pressure due to population growth and decreasing rainfall. In northern Senegal this has changed the pattern of movement and stocking densities in the area. Pastoral livestock which utilizes common rangeland is heavily exposed to weather variability. The goal of this paper is to examine how potential changes in weather variability and rainfall could

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Zhang, Lyubing, and Zhigang Jiang. "Unveiling the status of alien animals in the arid zone of Asia." PeerJ 4 (January 12, 2016): e1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1545.

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Biological invasion is one of the most threatening factors for biodiversity conservation. Lacking information on alien species in certain regions of the world hampers a balanced understanding of invasion processes and efficient data exchange among stakeholders. Current knowledge gaps are in need of urgent concern. We therefore conducted a review on alien animals in Xinjiang, an unknown region of invasion ecology. Xinjiang lies in the heartland of the Asian continent, covering an area of 1,664,900 km2. In the past 64 years, 128 alien animal species were recorded in this region, 39% of which bec

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Dean, W. Richard J., Colleen L. Seymour, Grant S. Joseph, and Stefan H. Foord. "A Review of the Impacts of Roads on Wildlife in Semi-Arid Regions." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050081.

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Roads now penetrate even the most remote parts of much of the world, but the majority of research on the effects of roads on biota has been in less remote temperate environments. The impacts of roads in semi-arid and arid areas may differ from these results in a number of ways. Here, we review the research on the impacts of roads on biodiversity patterns and ecological and evolutionary processes in semi-arid regions. The most obvious effect of roads is mortality or injury through collision. A diversity of scavengers are killed whilst feeding on roadkill, a source of easily accessed food. Noise

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Almeida, Gledson L. P. de, Héliton Pandorfi, Fátima Baptista, Cristiane Guiselini, and Janice M. C. Barnabé. "Thermal efficiency of individual shelters for girolando calves in brazilian semi-arid regions." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 1 (February 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n1p13-23/2016.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the thermal efficiency of roofs used on individual shelters during milk-feeding stage of Girolando calves. The research was conducted at a farm located in a dry region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 27 Holstein × Gir dairy crossbred calves housed in shelters with three roofing materials (fibre cement tile, recycled tile, and thatched roofs). The recycled tiles and thatched roofs provided reductions of 18.7 and 14.6% in radiant thermal load, respectively. Regardless the roofing material

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Chedid, Mabelle, Lina S. Jaber, Sylvie Giger-Reverdin, Christine Duvaux-Ponter, and Shadi K. Hamadeh. "Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 94, no. 2 (June 2014): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-188.

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Chedid, M., Jaber, L. S., Giger-Reverdin, S., Duvaux-Ponter, C. and Hamadeh, S. K. 2014. Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 243–257. Sheep breeds which are indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions are known for their ability to adapt to rustic environments, to climatic variations as well as to shortages in resources. Water scarcity, often combined with heat stress, is a common challenge facing these animals, causing physiological perturbations and affecting the animal's productivity. This review reports the effect of different forms of water stre

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Yifru, Bisrat Ayalew, Min-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Sun-Woo Chang, and Il-Moon Chung. "Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115905.

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Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains a

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Mgode, Georgies F., Ginethon G. Mhamphi, Apia W. Massawe, and Robert S. Machang’u. "Leptospira Seropositivity in Humans, Livestock and Wild Animals in a Semi-Arid Area of Tanzania." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060696.

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Background: Leptospirosis is among the major neglected zoonoses in developing countries. The prevalence of leptospirosis remains underestimated in many African countries because of limited diagnostic facilities. We studied Leptospira seropositivity prevalence in humans, sheep, goats and rodents in a semi-arid region of central Tanzania and compared findings with reports from humid tropical areas. The aims were to establish the disease burden in different settings; understand circulating Leptospira serovars and potential major reservoirs for establishing appropriate control measures. Methods: H

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Siqueira, Thamires Damascena Quirino, João Paulo Ismério dos Santos Monnerat, Juana Catarina Cariri Chagas, Maria Gabriela da Conceição, Michelle Christina Bernardo de Siqueira, Thays Bianca Lira Viana, and Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira. "Cactus cladodes associated with urea and sugarcane bagasse: an alternative to conserved feed in semi-arid regions." Tropical Animal Health and Production 51, no. 7 (April 25, 2019): 1975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01895-1.

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Tesi sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Harrington, Rhidian. "The effects of artificial watering points on the distribution and abundance of avifauna in an arid and semi-arid mallee environment." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2874.

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The role of artificial watering points in the avifaunal dynamics of the semi-arid mallee woodlands of southeast Australia was examined. Species richness and abundance were monitored throughout the year at different distances from water to determine how birds were distributed around water points and how this changed in relation to environmental factors such as climate. Vegetation attributes were also measured to determine which factors explained patterns in the avifauna with distance from water, and also to allow a description of the vegetation in relation to the water points. Water points were

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Lee, Enhua School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Science UNSW. "The ecological effects of sealed roads in arid ecosystems." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26265.

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The effects of roads on landscapes and wildlife and their ecological processes are substantial and represent a major anthropogenic disruption to the natural environment. Current understanding of the impacts of roads for their strategic management is hampered by a lack of information on 1) the influence of the ecosystems on road effects, 2) the effects of roads on higher-order ecosystem responses (populations and communities), and 3) the overall impacts of roads on ecosystems and their wildlife (on both abiotic and biotic ecosystem components). This study used the Silver City Highway in arid Ne

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Coventry, Ben. "Woody debris and the effect on the predicted probability of lizard capture in Arcoona Creek, Gammon Ranges National Park, South Australia /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVH/09aevhc873.pdf.

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Brooks, George Benjamin 1955. "The potential for Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in arid regions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288876.

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Recent declines in the availability of large marine shrimp reinvigorated the market for the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Simultaneously, pressures to find more lucrative and water efficient crops are increasing in arid regions. The integration of a highly valuable crop such as Macrobrachium with irrigated agriculture could be of benefit to arid land farmers. Using a specific farming region in Arizona as a model of arid land systems, the objectives of my research were to: (1) Determine if the physical conditions for prawn culture occur in Arizona. (2) Investigate the feasibility

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Nengomasha, Edward Musiwa. "The donkey (Equus asinus) as a draught animal in smallholder farming areas of the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30568.

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Donkeys are becoming increasingly important for draught animal power (DAP) in Zimbabwe and the sub-Saharan region mainly because cattle, the traditional DAP source, have suffered high mortalities in recent droughts. However, there is limited information on the extent of use and potential of donkeys for DAP in Zimbabwe. To rectify the deficiency, two surveys and a series of studies were undertaken. In the first survey, a rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken to assess the status, role and management practices of DAP in smallholder farming areas in the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe. The sec

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Hirakuri, Valter Levino. "A comunidade e dieta de pequenos mamíferos em uma área de caatinga no Alto Sertão Sergipano." Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4444.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Considering the habitat influence in the occurrence of animal species and feeding ecology as a key factor on community dynamics, the relationship between habitat components and species richness and the abundance of small mammals community were evaluated, as well as the diet characterization of these species at Caatinga‟s area in Sergipe, Brazil. The capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method was applied at the Grota do Angico Natural Monument (MNGA), 100 Sherman‟s® traps were arranged in four sites (dense hiperxerophytic Caatinga) from Ju

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Yavari, Ahmad. "Allocation des ressources naturelles renouvelables et le développement rural dans les milieux montagnards de l'Iran : exemple de modalités du développement rural et la dégradation des ressources naturelles végétales de l'Alborz central." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10277.

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Ce travail est une etude en geographie appliquee concernant la gestion des espaces montagnards de pays arides et en voie de developpement ou les montagnes sont des repertoires et lieux de recharge de ressources naturelles et de l'heritage culturel. L'economie de la pluspart des villages de plaines et piedmonts reste dependante des ressources naturelles qui ont subit une degradation intense et de fortes perturbations ecologiques et socio-economiques. La region etudiee est une partie de la chaine d'alborz central choisie de facon a inclure la diversite naturelle et socio-economique de l'espace m

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Libri sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Francesco, Milo, and Bartolozzi Alessandro ill, eds. Animals in hot and cold habitats. Columbus, OH: Waterbird Books, 2003.

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Animals of the western rangelands. Happy Camp, CA, U.S.A: Naturegraph Publishers, 1986.

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Chia-Fen, Her, ed. Zai gan zao de di fang. Xianggang: Xiao shu miao jiao yu chu ban she, 2002.

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Bothma, J. du P. Carnivore ecology in arid lands. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Invertebrates in hot and cold arid environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Belʹskai͡a, G. S. Osobennosti biologii ptit͡s v aridnykh uslovii͡akh. Ashkhabad: Ylym, 1992.

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Albert, Molnar, ed. The land of little water. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt, 2003.

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Rinne, John N. Native fishes of arid lands: A dwindling resource of the desert Southwest. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1991.

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Fratkin, Elliot M. Ariaal pastoralists of Kenya: Surviving drought and development in Africa's arid lands. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.

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Fratkin, Elliot M. Ariaal pastoralists of Kenya: Studying pastoralism, drought, and development in Africa's arid lands. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Burrows, Neil D. "Feral Animals in the Semi-arid and Arid Regions of Australia: Origins, Impacts and Control." In On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone, 331–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_13.

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Ellis, Murray, Michael Drielsma, Liz Mazzer, and Erica Baigent. "Clearing, grazing and reservation: assessing regional impacts of vegetation management on the fauna of south western New South Wales." In Animals of Arid Australia, 102–31. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2007.045.

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El Shaer, Hassan M. "Halophytes as cash crops for animal feeds in arid and semi-arid regions." In Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants, 117–28. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7610-4_13.

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Sakly, C., M. Rekik, I. Ben Salem, N. Lassoued, B. Mtaallah, K. Kraïem, and A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. "Reproductive response of Barbarine ewes to supplementation with alternative feed prior to and during mating under semi-arid extensive conditions." In Animal farming and environmental interactions in the Mediterranean region, 235–39. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-741-7_29.

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Davidowitz, Goggy, and Kolska Liora Horwitz. "Morphometric variation between populations of recent wild boar in Israel." In Pigs and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0022.

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Today the wild boar (subspecies Sub scrofa lybica Gray, 1868) is the largest wild mammal found in Israel (Mendelssohn & Yom Tov 1999a). Sus scrofa has formed an integral part of the fauna of Israel since c.0.78 Mya, with the earliest skeletal remains derived from the Lower Palaeolithic site of Gesher Benot Ya’akov, Israel (Hooijer 1959; Geraads & Tchernov 1983). Remains of wild boar are commonly found in archaeological assemblages in this region (e.g. Davis 1982; Tchernov 1988), and according to 19th-century travellers, wild boar were abundant throughout Palestine, including the thickets of the Jordan river and the Dead Sea, and even extended into the arid regions of the northern Negev and Judean desert (Tristram 1866; Hart 1891; Bodenheimer 1958; Qumsiyeh 1996). However, during the period of the Mandate of Palestine (1923–48) the population size of wild boar was severely reduced by hunting, and as a consequence, their distribution was reduced to the Jordan valley, from the Hula Lake in the north to Sdom at the southern tip of the Dead Sea (Bodenheimer 1958; Mendelssohn & Yom-Tov 1999 a, 1999b). Since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 they have been protected by legislation, which, coupled with the reduced numbers of predators, has resulted in a marked increase in their numbers. Nowadays, wild boar occupy most of their former habitats including the coastal region. The species has also been observed as far south as Nahal Besor in the northern Negev, but it has been proposed that these animals may represent hybrids of domestic pigs and wild boar (Mendelssohn & Yom-Tov 1999b). Four main concentrations of wild boar can be identified in Israel today: the Upper Galilee (especially in the national park of Mount Meiron), the Hula Nature Reserve, the Golan Heights, and Sdom. As shown in Table 12.1, these areas differ markedly in vegetation, altitude, and climate. A study of dental pathology in skeletal collections derived from these groups showed significant differences between the four areas (Horwitz & Davidowitz 1992). Specifically, the Sdom group was characterized by an unusually high frequency of hypodontia of the lower third incisor, indicative of inbreeding.

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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Raiding the Range." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0008.

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“Home on the Range” evokes a western landscape “where the deer and the antelope play.” But even at the song’s debut in the 1870s, deer and antelope were declining in numbers and cattle grazing was degrading rangelands across the American west. In their natural state, arid North American lands are robust and productive, but they recover exceedingly slowly from heavy grazing. By 1860, more than 3.5 million domesticated grazing animals were trampling arid western soils, causing severe erosion and lowering both water quality and water supplies in a water-poor region. The early start and persistence of grazing over such a long period of time invaded every nook and cranny of the public lands, making livestock grazing the most pervasively damaging human land use across all western ecosystems. Today, grazing affects approximately 260 million acres of publicly owned forest and rangelands, mostly in the 11 western states—about equivalent to the combined area of California, Arizona, and Colorado. Those acres include Pacific Northwest - r and ponderosa forests; Great Basin big sagebrush lands; the richly H oral Sonoran Desert; magni- cent high-desert Joshua tree forests; varied shrub associations in the low-elevation Mojave, Great Basin, Chihuahuan, and other southwestern deserts; and extensive Colorado Plateau pinyon–juniper forests stretching from northern Arizona and New Mexico to southern Colorado and Utah and decorating the arid inland plateaus of Washington, Oregon, and northeastern California. Proponents of public lands grazing argue that cattle have not changed anything. They just replace the immense herds of hooved native herbivores—bison, deer, antelope, and elk—that once dominated western ranges. But in pre-European settlement times, natural forces, including unlimited predators and limited fodder, effectively controlled the native animal populations. Unlike cattle, the herds of deer, antelope, and elk wintered in generally snow-free lowland areas and used much less than their full range each year. And those animals were easier on the land, especially the rivers. Immense bison herds ranged over vast areas, never staying very long on any range. Bison rarely visited the sites of today’s major livestock grazing problems in Great Basin and southwestern deserts, however. On northern ranges, bison obtained winter moisture from eating snow and did not cling to creeks and streams the way cattle do.

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Havstad, Kris M., and Laura F. Huenneke. "Grazing Livestock Management in an Arid Ecosystem." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0017.

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The history of livestock grazing in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico is a relatively recent story, but one of profound implications. For four centuries this region has supported a rangeland livestock industry— initially sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), but primarily beef cattle for the past 130 years. Throughout this brief history of a domesticated ruminant in an ecosystem without a significant presence of large hoofed mammals as part of its evolutionary development, the livestock industry has continually grappled with high degrees of temporal and spatial variation in forage production. Management of this consumptive use, whether during Spanish, Mexican, U.S. territorial, U.S. federal, or New Mexican governments, has constantly reaffirmed the need for grazing management to be flexible and responsive to the stress of droughts. The history of anecdotal experiences has been more recently augmented by scientific investigations first initiated in 1915. This chapter outlines the general history of livestock in this region, defining characteristics of herbivory in arid lands, and principles of grazing management derived from nearly a century of studies on grazing by large domesticated herbivores. Seventeen ships carried 1,200 people and enough cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs to colonize northern Hispaniola during Columbus’s second voyage in 1493. Livestock originating from the Andalusian Plain of southern Spain were loaded aboard ship at the southern port of Cádiz and the Canary Islands before making the 22- day voyage (Rouse 1977). It was not until 1521 that Gregorio Villalobos unloaded livestock in New Spain (Mexico) near Tampico; the actual number of cattle and their origin are disputed. Rouse (1977) claimed that 50 calves were transported to the mainland from either Cuba or Hispaniola, whereas Peplow (1958) and Wellman (1954) claimed 6 animals arrived from Hispaniola. Irrespective of the initial numbers, livestock were soon moved north from the Mexico City area during the early sixteenth century with both missionaries and resource extraction industries as retired military officers and Spanish nobility built a mining- and grazing-based economy throughout the region of present-day northern Mexico.

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T. Sewando, Ponsian. "Efficacy of Risk Reducing Diversification Portfolio Strategies among Agro-Pastoralists in Semi-Arid Area: A Modern Portfolio Theory Approach." In Agrometeorology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94133.

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Agro-pastoralists in the tropical semi-arid dryland areas of sub-Saharan Africa are significantly affected by climate change and variability. The agro-pastoral families are coping with production-related climatic risks through livelihood diversification to ensure food security. Data were collected from a sample of 411 agro-pastoralists across five districts in the semi-arid northern and central regions of Tanzania through survey conducted between November 2017 and July 2018. Secondary data regarding crop yields and livestock populations for eight years from 2009 to 2017 were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics and the respective District offices. Results show that about three-quarters of the agro-pastoralists managed diversified crop and livestock portfolios with two or more crops and animal species. However, simulated crop yields reveal positive correlations. Construction of integrated portfolios that generate good returns at a modest risk can be achieved through strategic choices between high-return high-risk and low-return low-risk crop and livestock activities. Thus, the paper recommends for costly long-term breeding and genotype improvement programs, strategically changing the make-up of the current crop and livestock portfolios which appear to be an affordable and tailored solution for building risk resilience among agro-pastoral communities in the drylands.

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Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.

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This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.

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Rosenzweig, Michael L., and Robert D. Holt. "SHALOM: A Landscape Simulation Model for Understanding Animal Biodiversity." In Biodiversity in Drylands. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139853.003.0010.

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The ecological complexity of landscape components of biodiversity may be understood by examining relatively simple landscapes such as those of arid and semiarid lands. It is believed that such lands provide easy recognition of their components and a relatively simple interaction between their different diversities (Safriel et al. 1989). In general, ecological complexity emerges from the existence of environmental heterogeneity and scaling effects. The effects of scaling include the differential changes in observed patterns produced by processes that operate and interact at different tempospatial scales. For example, interspecific competition may have a strong influence on species coexistence and, therefore, diversity, at a local scale, may be insignificant for determining species diversity compared with a regional scale, where colonization–extinction dynamics may be the major determinant for species diversity. Environmental heterogeneity mainly results from three components: habitat diversity (the number of different habitats), habitat size (the size of each habitat’s patch), and habitat patchiness (the distribution of the different habitats’ patches in the landscape). Each component may affect species diversity by providing specific processes for coexistence, colonization, extinction, and population-size dependent effects. Additionally, as emphasized by Kotliar and Wiens (1990), different scales (Wiens 1989) should introduce different levels of heterogeneity that may influence the way organisms respond to their environment. Morris (1987) suggested that an organism that does not respond to a particular heterogeneity presented at one scale may respond to the heterogeneity presented at another scale. This concept has led ecologists to accept the idea that ecological processes and patterns are not fixed, but rather depend on the scale under study (e.g., Addicott et al. 1987, Kotliar and Wiens 1990, Dunning et al. 1992, Wiens et al. 1993). In this chapter we describe a spatially explicit, multispecies, process-based landscape simulation model, SHALOM (Species-Habitat Arrangement-Landscape-Oriented-Model) that has been designed to explore ecological complexity of large scales. After describing the model, we will present several simulation results to demonstrate the strengths of using such models for understanding biodiversity processes and patterns. We believe that this model can serve an important tool for exploring biodiversity in arid and semiarid lands.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Arid regions animals"

Artemieva, Elena. "DESERT SPECIES IN THE REGION AS INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1711.978-5-317-06490-7/213-217.

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The distribution of desert species of plants and animals in the Ulyanovsk region (Middle Volga region) is associated with two main reasons: native origin and penetration (entry) from arid and semiarid regions. Deserted species of indigenous origin, as a rule, are located on the northern border of the range and move north along similar biotopes - salt marshes, saline steppe areas, arid steppes with elements of semi-deserts, etc. Most of these species are rare and are listed in the regional Red Book. Intertile desert species are often occupied by ruderal biotopes - silver goof, tamarix, etc. In

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