Tesi: "Arundo" – Grafiati

1

Pereira, Fernanda Carina Gonçalves. "Gestão de cana (Arundo donax) em zonas ribeirinhas do Algarve". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3909.

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2

Fatunwase, Akintayo. "Simple Pretreatment of Arundo Donax and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/163.

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Arundo donax (Giant reed Plant) contains high level of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It is used as a second generation method for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomasses. Cellulose molecules comprised an unbranched polymer of 1,000 to 1,000,000 D-glucose linking units coupled with beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. Microorganism present in beta 1-4 gluconase breaks down the glucosidic linkage in the Microcrystalline structure of the cellulose to cellobiose molecules (a glucose dimer have a beta-1, 4 bond). The cellobiose is subsequently broken down into glucose molecules by an enzyme called beta-glucosidase. The scope of this work entails hydrolysis conversion of cellulose to glucose and other value added products using enzymatic (Cellulase)

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3

Owoyomi, Olumuyiwa A. "Eradication of the giant reed (arundo donax) : an evaluation of different methodologies". Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/714.

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The invasion of riparian habitats by the exotic plant, Arundo donax L., commonly known as the giant reed is one of the greatest threats to ecosystems in Central and Southern California. There have been several efforts to eradicate this plant with varying control methods. This study evaluated some previously known techniques of controlling the giant reed in addition to some novel methodologies to determine the most effective approach. The study site is a section of the Lower Calaveras River that transects University of the Pacific's campus and is a prime example of the devastation caused by the giant reed. The project site was cut and cleared over a period of eight months and divided into fourteen plots. Seven different techniques including a control were selected and each treatment was randomly applied to two plots. The methods chosen were: "cut, resprout and spray", "cut-stem, spray", "chip and compost", "chip and tarp", "compost" and "compost and tarp". The response variables were the "mean regrowth height", "mean circumference of stalks" and the "number of resprouted stalks". A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the response variables. The "compost and tarp" method had the lowest number of resprouted stalks and was also significantly different from the control treatment. None of the other techniques were significantly different from the control but the "compost" method showed some promise. Based on this study, the "compost and tarp" technique is the most effective treatment. The data collection for this study was limited and future experiments should be conducted on a longer time scale to assess the effectiveness of these methods. Further research should also be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various biotic factors on the growth of A. donax, which could enhance the efficacy of methodologies currently used to control this introduced invasive plant.

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4

Lemões, Juliana Silva. "Produção de etanol de segunda geração a partir de arundo donax L". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179650.

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A crescente demanda energética traz a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos combustíveis renováveis, visando à menor emissão de partículas e poluentes ao meio ambiente e a substituição dos derivados de petróleo. Atualmente, pesquisas com a utilização de biomassa lignocelulósica vêm sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de tornar o processo de produção de etanol de segunda geração economicamente viável. O arundo (Arundo donax L.) é uma gramínea de crescimento rápido, alto rendimento de biomassa e pode ser cultivada em áreas marginais, que em função de características de cultivo, crescimento e produtividade apresenta potencial para produção de etanol de segunda geração. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer as melhores condições de pré-tratamento, hidrólise e fermentação da biomassa de Arundo donax L. visando à produção de etanol. Três pré-tratamentos foram testados: pré-tratamento ácido, pré-tratamento ácido seguido de pré-tratamento alcalino e pré-tratamento alcalino. Foram avaliadas variáveis de cada pré-tratamento utilizando planejamento composto central rotacional através da metodologia de superfície de resposta Após a otimização das condições de pré-tratamento, foram avaliadas as variáveis carga enzimática e relação sólido:líquido nos rendimentos de glicose e xilose na hidrólise enzimática. Por fim, foram avaliadas condições de fermentação dos hidrolisados obtidos na hidrólise enzimática e fermentação e hidrólise simultâneas da biomassa pré-tratada. No pré-tratamento da biomassa as concentrações de glicose e xilose liberadas na hidrólise enzimática da biomassa pré-tratada, apenas com ácido sulfúrico, variaram de 6,2 a 19,1 g L-1 e 1,8 a 3,1 g L-1, respectivamente. A adição de pré-tratamento alcalino possibilitou aumento significativo da concentração de açúcares liberados. O uso apenas de pré-tratamento alcalino resultou em concentrações de glicose e xilose que não diferiram estatisticamente dos obtidos com pré-tratamento em duas etapas. As concentrações de 5-hidroximetilfurfural e furfural não diferiram significativamente entre os pré-tratamentos testados. Na hidrólise enzimática apenas a relação sólido:líquido apresentou efeito significativo nas concentrações de glicose e xilose. Os rendimentos de etanol obtidos pelo processo de sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas foram superiores aos obtidos quando a hidrólise e fermentação foram conduzidas em etapas separadas. Os maiores rendimentos de etanol foram obtidos com carga de sólidos de 200 g L-1, e 25 FPU g-1 na etapa de pré-hidrólise.
The growing energy demand brings the need for development of new renewable fuels, aiming to reduceemission of particles and pollutants into the environment as well as substitution of petroleum products. Nowadays, researches using lignocellulosic biomass have been developed with the objective of making the production process of second generation ethanol economically viable. Arundo donax L., is a perennial grass presenting high biomass production and ability of growing in different environments, which due to the cultivation characteristics, growth and productivity presents potential as raw material for production of second generation ethanol. The present work envisages to establish the best pre-treatment hydrolysis and fermentation conditions for the biomass of Arundo donax L. aiming to ethanol production. Three pretreatments were tested: acid pretreatment, acid pretreatment followed by alkaline pretreatment and alkaline pretreatment. Variables of each pretreatment were evaluated using central rotational composite design through response surface methodology.After optimization of the pretreatment conditions, the influence of enzymatic loading and solid-to-liquid ratio variables in the glucose and xylose yields by the enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated. Finally, the fermentation conditions of the hydrolysates obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous fermentation and hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass were evaluated The amounts of glucose and xylose released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the Arundo biomass obtained from acid pretreatment ranged from 6.2 to 19.1 g/L and 1.8 to 3.1 g/L, respectively. The addition of an alkaline pretreatment led to a higher yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis with the average glucose concentration 3.5 times that obtained after biomass hydrolysis with an acid pretreatment exclusively. The use of an alkaline pretreatment alone resulted in glucose and xylose concentrations similar to those obtained in the two-step pretreatment: acid pretreatment followed by alkaline pretreatment. There was no significant difference in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural or acetic acid concentration among the pretreatments. In the enzymatic hydrolysis, only a solid-to- liquid ratio showed a significant effect on glucose and xylose concentrations. The ethanol yields obtained by the simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation process are higher than those obtained when the hydrolysis and fermentation were conducted in separate steps. The highest ethanol yields were obtained with solids loading of 200 g L-1, and 25 FPU g-1 in the prehydrolysis step.

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5

Fatunwase, Akintayo. "Simple Pretreatment of Arundo Donax and Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulosic Materials to Glucose". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/1.

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Arundodonax (Giant reed Plant) contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and considered as a biomass resources for biofuels. Cellulose is a polymer of several d-glucose linked units coupled with beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. The lignin must be broken down to obtain cellulose.Brown and white rot fungusbreak down lignin through a fenton mechanism using hydroxyl radicals. Current work explores degradation of cellulose byisolating microbial communities followed by inoculating 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or arundodonax in nutrient media. The microbes demonstrate long-term viability using CMS or arundodonax the sole carbon source.Pretreatment with microbes result in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C using commercial cellulase over time. The simple dinitrosalicylic acid assay method quantifies glucose, the main product of enzymatic hydrolysis.

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6

Macias, Raymond A. "Ovipositional cues for a galling wasp, Tetramesa romana, on giant reed (Arundo donax)". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10254696.

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Arundo donax is a rhizomatous perennial grass that invades riparian habitats and replaces native riparian vegetation. The galling wasp, Tetramesa romana (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), was selected for evaluation as a biocontrol agent of A. donax in 2009. However, knowledge is scarce on which factors influence host selection and oviposition in T. romana. Through my observations I documented distinct behavioral steps preceding emergence leading to oviposition in T. romana, and elicited an investigatory response in T. romana from plant volatiles extracted from A. donax. My results indicated that T. romana does use a chemical cue as a factor in host selection, but it is likely not the result of a species-specific constituent. Evidence from my study revealed that T. romana may use a physical cue in selecting a host as well. T. romana preferred round glass rods over flat glass slides, indicating that shape is an important factor in host acceptance.

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7

Poli, Michele <1987&gt. "Genomic Resources Development and Functional Characterization of Arundo Donax L. under Stress Conditions". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8091/1/Poli_Michele_tesi.pdf.

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Global warming is becoming a major threat for human and wildlife on Earth and scientists agree in considering anthropogenic greenhouse gasses emission as the main factor contributing to atmosphere and sea temperature increase. Arundo donax L. is the most promising species for second generation biofuel production in Mediterranean areas but up to now little was known about its genetics. In this study, we first explored the whole transcriptome of young shoot of Arundo donax under simulated drought stress through NGS technology. This allowed us to understand the general molecular mechanisms of early plant responses to osmotic stimulus. Through comparative analyses with major Poaceae species, we identified a set of 53 orthologs that can be considered as a core of evolutionary conserved genes important to mediate water stress responses in the family. Leveraging on the availability of this transcriptome, we developed a set of of reliable reference genes with high stability across different stress and/or tissues, to enable further functional studies in this species. We selected a candidate, named AdDWD1, that have the potential to play an important role in stress response by targeted protein degradation. Our results indicate that AdDWD1 is upregulated under osmotic and salt response in A. donax and its overexpression in Arabidopsis brought to a significant decrease in germination under salt and a growth retardation in ABA-containing media. Overexpression of AdDWD1 caused downregulation of DREB2A and SOS3, while it did not affect other stress-related genes, pinpointing a possible pathway-specific regulatory role of the gene. Taken together, these results suggest a strong relation of AdDWD1 with salt and osmotic stress response and an important role in the signalling pathway during early stress stages.

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8

Lino, Villanueva Gladys Liliana. "Arundo donax L. como gramínea perenne para la producción de biomasa en ambiente Mediterráneo". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398126.

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En los últimos años, es evidente la preocupación mundial sobre las emisiones de gases del efecto invernadero, especialmente CO2. Una de las principales acciones contaminantes es la quema de combustibles fósiles. Paradójicamente la economía mundial depende (directa e indirectamente) en gran medida de la energía derivada de estos combustibles, principalmente petróleo, carbón y gas natural (en medida progresiva). Los combustibles fósiles son finitos, aunque aún tenemos un margen de algunos años para agotarlos. Según los expertos, estamos entrando a una nueva era, que deja de lado los combustibles fósiles y en cambio, usa otras fuentes de energía alternativa, como por ejemplo: la biomasa para la producción de biocombustibles (segunda generación), la energía proveniente del sol y la energía obtenida con la fuerza del aire. Estas fuentes deben usarse en conjunto, no son excluyentes. Una de las decisiones más importantes de la reunión de la COP 21 en París, fue el acuerdo de la disminución progresiva de combustibles fósiles, dado que contaminan altamente el ambiente al liberar grandes cantidades de CO2. Los países industrializados, ya cuentan con algunas investigaciones de años atrás para emplear estas fuentes alternativas. En Europa y EEUU, en cuatro años, se debe incrementar el uso los biocombustibles 10 al 20 %. Por tanto, hacer uso de biomasa para la producción de biocombustibles es de principal interés. En el presente estudio, se trabajó con Arundo donax L., como cultivo energético para evaluar su rendimiento bajo estrés hídrico, a nivel fisiológico, bioquímico y molecular. Los resultados nos indican que A. donax tuvo un buen rendimiento a nivel de producción de biomasa, los parámetros fisiológicos no se ven excesivamente afectados, además que tienen un buena eficiencia en el uso del agua. Los resultados moleculares no proporcionaron mucha información en cuanto a genes de tolerancia a la sequía, sin embargo son resultados valiosos para las futuras investigaciones. Por tanto se puede recomendar a A. donax como un buen candidato a cultivo energético en el ambiente Mediterráneo.
In recent years, global concern about emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is evident. One of the main pollutants actions is the burning of fossil fuels. Paradoxically, the world economy depends (directly and indirectly) largely on the energy derived from these fuels, mainly oil, coal and natural gas (in progressive measure). Fossil fuels are finite, although we still have a margin of a few years to exhaust them. According to the experts, we are entering to a new era, leaving aside the fossil fuels and instead, uses other alternative energy sources, such as: biomass for the production of biofuels (second generation), energy from the sun and the energy obtained with the air force. These sources must be used together, they are not mutually exclusive. One of the most important decisions of the COP 21 meeting in Paris was the agreement of the progressive decrease in fossil fuels; because of highly pollute the environment by releasing large amounts of CO2. Industrialized countries have already some research done years ago to use these alternative sources. In Europe and the USA, in four years, the use of biofuels should be increased from 10 to 20%. Therefore, make use of biomass for the production of biofuels is a main interest. In the present study, we worked with Arundo donax L., as an energy crop to evaluate their performance under drought stress, physiological, biochemical and molecular level. The results indicate that A. donax is a good performance at the level of biomass production; the physiological parameters are not unduly affected; besides they have a good water use efficiency. The molecular results did not provide much information about genes of drought tolerance; however, results are valuable for future research. Therefore, A. donax can be recommended as a good candidate for energy crop in the Mediterranean environment.

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9

Guthrie, Gené. "Impacts of the invasive reed Arundo donax on biodiversity at the community-ecosystem level". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2313.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)
Arundo donax is an invasive species that mostly impacts on sensitive riparian ecosystems. Arundo is also invasive in South Africa, though less is known about its ecology, biology, and impacts. Since California and the Western Cape of South AFrica have similar Mediterranean-type climates, we could assume that the impacts of Arundo on ecosystems in California are likely to be similar in the Western Cape, and that control methods used could be extrapolated for use in South Africa. This thesis attempted to determine what impact Arundo has on biodiversity at the community-ecosystem level.
South Africa

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10

Smith, Rachel. "Agronomy of the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea in Wales". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54496/.

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For this study, the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea were planted at sites across Wales. Non-destructive methods of estimating crop yields were developed the most significant relationship for Miscanthus was between mean shoot height and mean shoot dry weight, whereas for Arundo it was between mean shoot volume and mean shoot dry weight although these estimates were over-estimates of actual crop yield when scaled up to field size. Yield estimates were obtained from destructive sampling for Phalaris and these were shown to be under estimates of whole crop yield. Crop growth data were compared in relation to soil type, soil chemistry and climatic conditions. Soil clay content and soil preparation were identified as of utmost importance to Miscanthus and Arundo success, but had no effect on Phalaris crops. Both Arundo and Miscanthus showed sensitivity to air temperatures during the growing season. Delaying harvest of both crops produced material with decreased moisture and mineral content, although results were not significant in all cases. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of leaves were higher than that in the cane, and harvest following leaf abscission was recommended. Arundo did not senesce completely during the winter period, and produced harvested material with higher mineral content than Miscanthus. Both crops required further drying to meet moisture content requirements for combustion crops. Phalaris was the only crop to meet moisture content and mineral content threshold levels, although the results were not consistent across sites. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly correlated to above ground plant mineral content. Organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied to the three crops, and produced no response in Phalaris. Both Miscanthus and Arundo increased growth in response to high phosphorus levels, and generally in response to high fertiliser applications. At recommended application rates cattle manure showed most effect.

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11

Bandeira, Filipa de Sousa. "Otimização da produção de xilitol por estirpes de Debaryomyces hansenii em hidrolisado de Arundo donax". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5302.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Processamento de Alimentos - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Arundo donax L. is a Mediterranean energy crop with a high potential for the production of bioenergy and added-value products. Nevertheless, its exploration within a biorefinery framework still requires further developments. This work aims to contribute for the development of a strategy to upgrade its hemicellulose fraction, by means of xylitol bioproduction. The raw material was milled and the influence of particle size on acid hydrolysis was studied. The composition of the hydrolysates and residual solids obtained did not differ significantly for the different fractions tested (< 2 mm). Three Debaryomyces hansenii strains were compared in chemically defined medium (CDM), and their tolerance and acclimatization were studied using non-detoxified hydrolysate-based medium (HM). Strain CCMI 941 presented the highest xylose consumption rate (0.26 g·L-1·h-1) in CDM and the best tolerance to the HM. For this reason, this strain was selected for the optimization of the xylitol bioprocess. The best results for xylitol yield and productivity in overall process (0.77 g·g-1 and 0.09 g·L-1·h-1, respectively) were obtained under semi-aerobic conditions, using a twofold concentrated, not supplemented, non-detoxified hydrolyzate and an inoculum with a single step of acclimatization under full aerobic conditions. This yield is one of the highest reported in literature for this strain

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12

Maxfield, Jason Charles. "Agricultural Management Decisions Impact Isoprene Emission and Physiology of Arundo donax, an Emerging Bioenergy Crop". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1642.

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Arundo donax (Giant Reed) is quickly being developed as a rapidly-growing, robust, and highly productive bioenergy crop, with large scale cultivation of this species planned for the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest (USA). Despite its potential as a next generation biomass crop, relatively few studies have examined the physiological performance of A. donax under agricultural conditions. Unlike traditional crops, A. donax is known to be a high-emitter of the volatile compound isoprene, which may significantly impact regional air quality, but it has not been widely cultivated in North America and little is known about how this species will perform in the Pacific Northwest. Over two field seasons, we measured isoprene fluxes from A. donax plants in both greenhouse conditions and in an agricultural field setting under a variety of conditions and fertilizer treatments. We also measured several other attributes of A. donax productivity and leaf physiology including chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, specific leaf mass, water use efficiency and gas exchange. We found that A. donax physiologically performs well under cultivation in the Columbia River basin, but that it also emits isoprene at significantly higher rates than previous reports indicate. We also found that both isoprene emission and leaf physiology were highly affected by agricultural management decisions, including nitrogen and irrigation management. Our findings indicate that crop management strategies can be developed that simultaneously seek to minimize isoprene emission while maximizing biomass production in this newly emerging bioenergy crop.

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13

Coppolino, Francesco Saverio. "Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica della canna comune (Arundo Donax) in prospettiva di un uso strutturale sostenibile". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20173/.

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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è porre le basi dell’utilizzo dell’Arundo Donax in campo strutturale estendendo la conoscenza del suo comportamento meccanico attraverso una completa caratterizzazione meccanica. La canna comune vanta delle caratteristiche meccaniche molto simili a quelle di diverse specie di Bambù, materiale ampiamente utilizzato nei paesi dell’Asia orientale e dell’America Latina, dove è inserito nelle normative che ne regolarizzano l’utilizzo ai fini strutturali. La principale norma di riferimento per il bambù è la ISO 22157 (2019), che descrive le procedure di prova da seguire in laboratorio per una corretta caratterizzazione meccanica del materiale. La sopracitata norma è stata di riferimento nella definizione delle diverse prove eseguite sull’Arundo Donax, ma le esigue dimensioni dei campioni, se paragonate a quelle del bambù, hanno portato al progetto di nuove metodologie di prova, studiate “su misura” per ottenere una corretta caratterizzazione del materiale. La modalità di prova a compressione assiale non presenta particolari differenze da quanto indicato nella ISO 22157; lo studio si è quindi incentrato sulle possibili soluzioni da adottare nell’esecuzione dei test a trazione, a taglio e a compressione trasversale, prove che anche per il bambù presentano una significativa dispersione dei risultati e sono in continuo aggiornamento dal punto di vista normativo. Le ridotte dimensioni della sezione comportano diverse difficoltà nel monitoraggio della prova con tecniche di misurazione standard. Si utilizza la DIC, una tecnica di monitoraggio contactless in grado di costruire dei campi vettoriali di deformazione della superfice del campione; tale tecnica di acquisizione permette di cogliere al meglio il comportamento di un materiale fortemente anisotropo come l’Arundo Donax, le cui proprietà meccaniche sono dipendenti dalla direzione di applicazione del carico e le cui caratteristiche di rigidezza variano sullo spessore e lungo lo sviluppo del culmo.

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Lawton, Clare Elizabeth. "A study of variation in the quality of oboe reeds made from Arundo donax L. (Gramieae)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297428.

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15

Simões, Kenya Carla Cardoso. "Ocorrência e caracterização da espécie invasora Arundo donax L. (CANA-DO-REINO) no Distrito Federal, Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13791.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2013.
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A degradação do solo e dos ecossistemas nativos e a dispersão de espécies exóticas são as maiores e mais amplas ameaças à biodiversidade do Cerrado. Arundo donax L. (CANA DO REINO) é uma espécie invasora vigorosa que se estabeleceu e espalhou em habitats ripários com clima quente. Uma vez estabilizada, essa espécie se espalha rapidamente, substituindo a vegetação nativa, causando vários impactos no ecossistema. O estudo aqui apresentado tem por objetivo determinar a ocorrência e caracterizar a espécie invasora Arundo donax L. (CANA-DO-REINO) no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Através do mapeamento das populações, observou-se que a maior concentração da espécie está localizada na região central do Distrito Federal e que a presença dessa espécie está relacionada a áreas antropizadas, tais como: rodovias, aterros, depósitos de entulhos (bota-fora) e locais em obras. Após a análise de sementes coletadas no Distrito Federal, não foi encontrada nenhuma espigueta cheia, o que corrobora os trabalhos realizados nos Estados Unidos. E não foi encontrada, com a utilização do marcador molecular do üpo RAPD. uma variabilidade genética entre os indivíduos coletados. Arumdo donax apresentou, no Distrito Federal, uma média de crescimento de 0,01(m.dia-'1), ± 0.01(m.dia'!). A partir de uma análise de regressão observou-se um aumento no peso seco total do indivíduo com o aumento da altura do mesmo, porém esse aumento tende a não ser linear (R2 = 0.8784). Com relação a produção de biomassa. essa variou nos pontos estudados de 0,75kg/m2 a 4.47kg/m2. O estudo ecológico aqui apresentado é pioneiro, pois a maioria dos estudos realizados para essa espécie é dos Estados Unidos e Europa, sendo no Brasil tais estudos inexistentes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Degradation of the soil and of native ecosystems and dispersal of exotic specie are the greatest threats to the biodiversity in the Cerrado. Arundo donax L. is a vigorous invasive species that has established and spread in riparian habitats in warm climates. Once stabilized, this species spreads rapidly, replacing native vegetation, causing various impacts on the ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to determime the occurrence and characterize the invasive species Arundo donax L. (Giant reed) in the Federal District, Brazil. Through mapping its occurrence, we found higher concentrations of the species is in the central region of the Federal District and that the presence of this species was related to disturbed areas, such as highways, landfills, and deposits of construction debris. No viable seeds were found in analysis of panicles collected in several locations in the Federal District, a result similar to studies done m the United States. An analysis of genetic variability using RADP molecular markers did not find any variability in the samples analyzed. In the Federal District Arundo donax presented an average growth of 0.0l (mdia-1) and a standard deviation of 0.0(mdia-1). A regression analysis showed an increase in total dry weight of the individual with increase in height (R2=0.8784). but this mcrease was not linear. In regard to biomass production, this pomts studied ranged from 0.75 kg/m2 to 4.47 kg/m2. The study presented here is pioneer, since most of the studies on this species are from the United States and Europe.

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Zanetti, Gilberto Dolejal. "Lectina dos rizomas de Arundo Donax L.: purificação,caracterização, propriedades,imuno-histoquímica e separação das isoformas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10311.

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Algumas características como a falta de cristais de oxalato de cálcio, de estruturas secretoras e de tricomas, e a riqueza de fibras constituíndo estratos localizados imediatamente abaixo da epiderme e limitando o parênquima cortical, e formando bainhas vasculares, subsidia a autenticidade dos rizomas de Arundo donax. Além disto, os rizomas contem amido, cumarinas, alcalóides, flavonóides e saponinas não hemolíticas. Uma lectina (ADL) especifica para GlcNAc e seus derivados oligossacarídeos foi isolada e purificada dos rizomas de Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) por cromatografia de afinidade em matriz de estroma de coelhopoliacrilamida, resultando em uma purificação de 12,15 vezes, rendimento de 6,58% e recuperação de 80 % da atividade hemaglutinante. A lectina purificada é heterotrimérica com massa molecular aproximada de 32.900 estimada por gel de filtração e de 33.000 obtida por SDS-PAGE, em condições não desnaturantes e não redutoras. A lectina purificada possui elevado conteúdo de Glu/Gln, Asp/Asn, Gly e Cys, mas não é glicosilada. ADL é relativamente estável ao calor e ao pH, e resistente à digestão por enzimas proteolíticas. Ela aglutina eritrócitos nativos de coelho, porco e em menor intensidade de rato e humanos A, B, AB e sua atividade hemaglutinante independe de cátions divalentes, mas é diminuída por agentes desnaturantes e redutores. A lectina de Arundo donax L. tem efeito citotóxico para células transformadas da linhagem HT-29, efeito inseticida para Dysdercus peruvianus e nematicida para Meloidogyne incognita. A ADL causou decréscimo na germinabilidade e retardo na germinabilidade dos diásporos de Lactuca sativa L. e também apresentou significativo efeito mitogênico e quimiotáxico. A ADL produziu sinais de toxicidade por via intraperitoneal em camundongos na dose de 300 mg/Kg e com a dose de 800 mg/Kg, 100 % dos camundongos foram a óbito, após 30 horas de sua administração. Sete isoformas da ADL foram separadas por PAGE preparativa. Das seis estudadas todas são heterotriméricas com massas moleculares relativas de suas cadeias polipeptídicas de aproximadamente 8,5, 18,9 e 13,1 kDa, totalizando 40,6 kDa. As isoformas demostraram ser estáveis face a vários fatores químicos e físico-químicos como a ADL, mas apresentaram desiguais intensidades na aglutinação de eritrócitos e inibição por carboidratos. A isoforma ADL-III é rica em resíduos de Glu/Gln, Gly, Asp/Asn e ainda Cys e as cadeias a e b possuem resíduos de triptofano na porção N-terminal. A ADL-III apresentou atividade mitogênica significativa. A ADL foi capaz de ligar-se in vitro a células transformadas das linhagens T-47D, HT-29 e T-24. Por técnicas imunohistoquímicas, a ADL foi detectada na parede celular das fibras e em algumas poucas células do parênquima cortical do rizoma.
Some characteristics like absence of calcium oxalate crystals, secretory structures and trychomes and the richness of fibers that form strata localized immediately under the epiderms and limiting the cortical parenchyma or forming bundle sheaths, subsidize the authenticity of these rhizomes. Besides the rhizomes contain amide, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids and nonhemolytic saponins. A lectin (ADL) specific to GlcNac and its oligosaccharides was isolated and purified from Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) rhizomes by affinity chromatography on rabbit stroma-polyacrilamide column. The lectin was purified 12.15 times, the yield of proteins was 6.58 % and the recovery of the hemagglutinating activity was 80 %. The purified lectin is heterotrimeric and has a molecular mass of 32,900 approximately estimated by gel filtration and of 33,000 by SDS-PAGE in non denaturating and non reducing conditions. The purified lectin is rich in Glu/Gln, Asp/Asn, Gly and Cys, but it is not glycosilated. ADL is relatively heat- and pHstable and it is resistent to disgestion by proteolytic enzymes. It agglutinates native rabbit, pig erythrocytes and with lower intensity rat and human A, B and AB erythrocytes, and its hemagglutinating activity is independent of divalent cations, but it is decreased by denaturating and reducing agents. Arundo donax L. lectin displays cytotoxic effect on Dysdercus peruvianus and nematicide activity againt Meloidogyne incognita. ADL decreases the germinability and delays the mean time for germinability of Lactuca sativa L. diasphores and also shows significant mitogenic and chemotactic effect. The lectin induce toxicity signals in mice by intraperitoneal injection with the dose of 300 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg caused 100 % death of the animals, 30 h after its administration. Seven isoforms of ADL were separated by preparative PAGE. The six isoforms studied are heterotrimeric, with polypeptide chains of molecular mass of 8.5, 13.1 and 18.9 kDa determined by mass spectroscophy and with 40.6 kDa of lectin molecular mass. The isoforms showed stability when subjected to the action of distinct chemical and physico-chemical factors as ADL showed. However, they exibited unequal intensity of erythrocyte agglutination and carbohydrate inhibition. ADL-III is rich in Glu/Gln, Gly and Asp/Asn and Cys residues, and its Nterminal a and b chains contain tryptophan residues. ADL-III showed significant mitogenic activity. ADL was able to bind to transformed cells from T-47D, HT-29 and T-24 lines in vitro. Immunohistochemical techniques allowed to localize ADL in the fiber cell walls and in some few cortical parenchyma cells of the rhizome.

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17

Howe, Catherine E. "A REVIEW OF THE REMOVAL OF ARUNDO DONAX FROM A RIPARIAN AREA WITHIN SAN TIMOTEO CANYON". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/106.

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A site within San Timoteo Canyon was revisited, 13-14 years after treatment, to look at long-term effects of Arundo donax removal. The data obtained were used to determine whether A. donax had re-invaded, other non-native species had established the area, or if native species were able to grow in place of the removed A. donax. The previous removals included a combination of grinding large patches of A. donax and then foliar spraying, foliar spraying of uncut plants, and direct spraying of hand cut stems, depending upon the location and size of the plant. The effects of the A. donax removals within San Timoteo Canyon were analyzed in relation to new percent cover of the plant species, other more recent removals, and areas that did no experience removal procedures. The project included the use of data provided by the Inland Empire Resource Conservation District (IERCD) as well as the collection of data from randomized plots to generate plant species percent cover. Plant percent cover data analyzed for this paper had been collected from eight 15 by 15 foot randomly selected plots within an overall project site of 42.3 acres. Additional sites were used to investigate what can happen if A. donax is not removed from an area into which it has been introduced., the short-term effects of A. donax removal methods, and the role the ever-changing characteristics of riparian areas can play in their own restoration. These additional sites included aerial photographs supplied by IERCD of an ecologically similar area, a plot with a more recent A. donax removal date, as well as photographs and data of a site subject to natural recovery. Based on these comparisons it is concluded that the treatment methods used led to a lessened presence of A. donax, and that other invasive species did not grow in its place. Further, as the removal procedures within the project area occurred approximately 13 to 14 years prior, it can be concluded that there is no regrowth of A. donax and that many native species have been able to re-inhabit those areas previously infested by A. donax. The treatment methods used were successful without the need to continually disrupt the habitat and allowed for the habitat to recover naturally once the invasive species had been removed.

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18

Valli, Fabio <1984&gt. "Physical Mutagenesis in Giant Reed (Arundo Donax L.) and Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Mutagenized Clones". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8196/1/Fabio%20Valli%20tesi%20dottorato.pdf.

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ABSTRACT Giant reed (Arundo donaxL.) is a C3 perennial, warm-season, rhizomatous grass of emerging interest for bioenergy and biomass-derivatives production, and for phytoremediation. We developed and applied a mutagenesis protocol based on γ-irradiation of in-vitro cell cultures from which regenerants were obtained. Based on a radio-sensitivity test, the irradiation dose reducing to 50% the number of regenerants per callus (RD50) was estimated at 35 Gy. A large mutagenic experiment was carried out by irradiating a total of 3,120 calli with approx. 1x, 1.5x and 2x RD50. A total of 1,004 regenerants from irradiated calli were hardened in pots and transplanted to the field. Approx. 10% of field grown clones showed remarkable morphological aberrations including dwarfism, altered tillering, abnormal inflorescence, leaf variegation and others, which were tested for stability over generations. Clone lethality reached 0.4%. Our results show for the first time that physical mutagenesis can efficiently induce new genetic and phenotypic variation of agronomic and prospective industrial value in giant reed. 100 clones of A. donax were chemically analyzed for several key chemical components of plant biomass including lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, non-structural carbohydrates, ash, and others. The complete chloroplast genome of A. donax is 139353 bp in length subdivide in two inverted repeat region (IRa and IRb) of 22,227 bp each separated by a small-single-copy-region of of 12,275 bp (SSC) and a large-single-copy-region of 82,124 bp (LSC). The genome includes 112 individual genes including 72 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA, 6 rRNA, 3 open reading frames and one pseudogene. FISH ang GISH analysis were performed on three species A. donax, A. plinii and P. australis in order to define the genetic structure of these species and the phylogenetic relationship existing among them.

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19

Oliveira, Giordano Bruno da Silva. "Potencial energético da espécie Arundo donax l. (cana-do-reino) de ocorrência natural no Distrito Federal - DF". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/16829.

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Dissertação (mestrado)–Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Tecnologia e Utilização dos Produtos Florestais, 2014
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No mundo há poucas tecnologias capazes de oferecer características de rendimento energético eficiente. Neste cenário, buscar novas fontes de energia, para complementar o setor energético, se torna bastante importante, pois os combustíveis fósseis possuem um ciclo fechado e estoque limitado. Assim, surgem as culturas energéticas que visam produzir biomassa como fonte produtora de energia sólida ou líquida. No Brasil, estas culturas, se baseiam no uso de eucalipto e capim elefante, porém, há outras fontes alternativas de biomassa eficientes. Entre elas, há a espécie Arundo donax L., com alta capacidade adaptativa para os diversos ambientes, alto índice de produção, alta eficiência energética, baixo custo de produção e exploração. Neste sentido, foi feito um estudo sobre o potencial energético da Arundo donax L., proveniente de ocorrência natural no Distrito Federal - DF, verificando seu potencial como fonte geradora de energia. Os colmos foram coletados no Distrito Federal, totalizando 753 indivíduos em 30 m² de área amostral. Os resultados mostraram altura média de 3,86 m com diâmetro de 2,03 cm, biomassa verde de 12,75 kg/m², com 6,64 kg/m² de massa seca. A variável altura apresentou alta correlação com a massa seca e por isso foi escolhida para dividir os colmos em quatro classes e três posições axiais, para estudo das características energéticas do material. Os resultados mostram que para a posição axial da base e classe de altura quatro (maior altura) dos colmos os teores de carbono fixo e o poder calorífico foram maiores. Mas com a densidade básica ocorre o contrário, ou seja, maiores valores para as posições de topo e a classe um (menor altura). Devido ao comportamento da densidade, as maiores densidades energéticas foram encontradas na posição axial de topo e nas classes de menor altura, um e dois. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In the world, there are few technologies that can provide characteristics of efficient energy performance. In this scenario, seek for new sources of energy to supplement the energy sector, becomes quite important because fossil fuels have limited stock and a closed cycle. Thus, energy crops aimed at producing biomass as a source of producing solid or liquid energy arise. In Brazil, these cultures, are based on the use of eucalyptus and elephant grass; however, there are other effective alternative sources of biomass. Among them are the Arundo donax L. species with high adaptive capacity to different environments, high production rate, high-energy efficiency, low cost of production and operation. In this respect, a study on the energy potential of Arundo donax L. from naturally occurring in the Distrito Federal, checking its potential as power source was made. The stems were collected in the Distrito Federal, totaling 753 individuals in 30 m² sampling area. The results showed an average height of 3.86 m with a diameter of 2.03 cm, green biomass of 12.75 kg/m², with 6.64 kg/m² of dry mass. The variable height was highly correlated with dry mass and was therefore chosen to split the stems into four classes and three axial positions, to study the material energy characteristics. The results show that the axial position baseand the height fourclass (maximum height) of the stems, the fixed carbon content and calorific value were higher. However, with the basic density occurs the opposite, ie, higher values for the top positions and class one (lower height). Due to the behavior of the density, the higher energy densitieswere found in the axial position of the top and classes of smaller size, one and two.

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20

Xi, Qingguo. "Investigation on the distribution and potential of giant grasses in China : Triarrhena, Miscanthus, Arundo, Phragmites, and Neyraudia /". Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009095706&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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21

Hardion, Laurent. "Evolution et systématique du genre Arundo L. (Poaceae) et conservation d'une endémique ligure : interactions Homme/Biodiversité en Méditerranée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4765.

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Depuis le Néolithique, les activités anthropiques ont fortement impacté la persistance et l’évolution des espèces méditerranéennes, avec des effets variés sur la biodiversité, notamment son érosion et son homogénéisation. Composé seulement de trois à cinq espèces, le genre méditerranéen et Sud-asiatique Arundo L. (Poaceae) illustre bien les interactions Homme-Biodiversité. Tout d’abord, l’imprécision des statuts taxonomiques pour la plupart de ces espèces dessert autant la conservation des populations françaises protégées d’A. plinii Turra s.l. que la lutte contre l’invasive mondiale A. donax L. Suite à la révision systématique du complexe circumméditerranéen A. plinii Turra s.l., trois taxons ont été distingués, élevant les populations françaises au rang d’endémique ligure, A. donaciformis (Loisel.) Hardion et al. Cette dernière s’est différenciée en marge de son espèce-sœur, l’Italo- Balkanique A. plinii s.s., sous les effets conjugués de la polyploïdie et des oscillations climatiques du Pléistocène. La forte clonalité du genre et la formation récente d’A. donaciformis ont réduit son potentiel adaptatif. Malgré une persistance ancienne au sein d’un paysage agricole, son actuelle position urbaine sur la Côte d’Azur la menace fortement. Enfin, l’origine perse d’A. donax et l’hypothèse de son statut d’archéophyte en Méditerranée illustre l’intérêt primordial de ce genre lors du développement des civilisations antiques
Human activities have scrambled biodiversity persistence and evolution of Mediterranean species since the Neolithic, inducing various impacts on biodiversity, from reduction to homogenisation. With only three to five species, the Mediterranean and South- Asian genus Arundo L. (Poaceae) well illustrate these Human-Biodiversity interactions. First, the taxonomic mess for almost all Arundo taxa harms the conservation of protected French populations of A. plinii Turra s.l. as much as the biological control of the worldwide invasive A. donax L. The systematic revision of the circum-Mediterranean A. plinii complex in three distinct taxa has distinguished French populations as a Ligurian endemic species, A. donaciformis (Loisel.) Hardion et al. This species was differentiated from its nearest relative, the italo-balkan A. plinii s.s., under the coupled effects of polyploidy and Pleistocene climatic variations. The dominating clonality of the genus and the recent speciation of A. donaciformis have reduced its adaptive potential. Despite its ancient persistence under farmlands, its current urban position on the French Riviera threatens this protected species. Finally, the Persian origin of A. donax and its hypothetic status of archeophyte in the Mediterranean show the essential usefulness of this genus during the development of antic civilisations

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22

Sidella, Sarah. "Adaptability, Biomass Yield, and Phytoremediation of Arundo donax L. on marginal lands: salt, dry and lead-contaminated soils". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1605.

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Water shortage, especially during spring and summer seasons, is the main limiting factor the crop production (Araus et al, 2002; Passioura, 1977), moreover, in the Mediterranean area, inadequate irrigation practices may also exacerbate the problem of the soil salinity. The pollution of soils due to accumulation of heavy metals is a global problem that may involve the loss of agricultural areas: contaminated land is no longer suited to farming, and may be especially harmful to the entire ecosystem (Alloway, 1995). Plants tolerant to heavy metals, may be used to enhance sites unsuitable for biomass production, restoring the ecosystem services and providing valuable feedstocks to biorefineries, in a phytoremediation process. Among the perennial species for energy purpose, Arundo donax L. could be a suitable species for marginal lands including dry areas, salt and lead contaminated soil in the Mediterranean environment. On the basis of these premises the following research lines were carried out with the aim of assess the possibility of cultivate Arundo donax L. on dry, salt and lead contaminated marginal lands: - Line 1: Giant reed screening to salinity levels - Line 2: Response of Arundo donax L. clones at increasing levels of salinity and at different soil water content - Line 3: Phytoremediation of Arundo donax L. in lead-contaminated soils with different water levels of the soil - Line 4: Phytoremediation of different Arundo donax L. clones in lead-contaminated soils The effect of NaCl concentration in the soil induced by irrigation, influenced the morphology and physiology of the studied clones. The results showed that under conditions of salt and water stress all the physiological parameters were affected and plants growth, aboveground dry biomass yield were reduced. Giant reed was able to grow with irrigation water up to 12 dS m-1. However, if this parameter would be considered to classify a soil as marginal, it is clear that marginal land would be obtained marginal yields. Although the Arundo plants are not hyperaccumulators, high phytoextraction yields can be achieved in contaminated soils, due to a conjugation of phytotolerance and high yields. This allows us to consider that Arundo can be more efficient than certain hyperaccumulator plants but with very low yields. On the other hand, the viable growth of Arundo in contaminated soil and subsequent soil revegetation, ensures the long term stability of the surface, reducing the leachates, the amount of potentially toxic elements released into watercourses and groundwater and the development of a vegetative landscape or ecosystem in harmony with the surrounding environment.

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23

Undurraga, Montalba Nicole. "Fluctuación poblacional del áfido Melanaphis donacis (Passerini) (Hemiptera: aphididae) y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de Arundo donax (L.)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149050.

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Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Sanidad Vegetal
El desarrollo de fuentes de energía renovable, particularmente de cultivos energéticos como la caña común, Arundo donax, hace necesario identificar las potenciales plagas asociadas y sus posibles consecuencias en la producción. El áfido Melanaphis donacis (Passerini), es el principal artrópodo que se ha visto asociado a esta especie en parcelas experimentales en la región Metropolitana. Con el objetivo de aportar información básica para un futuro desarrollo de este cultivo y diseñar estrategias de manejo adecuadas y oportunas, se estudió el cambio en abundancia durante un año (2013) de la población de este áfido. Los niveles poblacionales se midieron a través de colectas quincenales de áfidos sobre hojas, desde parcelas sin tratamientos insecticidas y de una población silvestre de A. donax, realizando un recuento directo, calculando la media del número de áfidos por hoja por día de muestreo. El áfido estuvo presente durante todo el año en plantas de A. donax cultivado, siendo especialmente abundante en primavera-verano, con un número promedio máximo de 243 individuos hoja-1, mientras que en las plantas silvestres sólo se llegó a un máximo de 147 áfidos hoja-1. Además, se observaron abundantes enemigos naturales, especialmente coccinélidos y sírfidos, los que podrían estar contribuyendo a mantener las poblaciones de áfidos bajo niveles dañinos.
The development of renewable energy, particularly energy based on crops such as the giant reed, Arundo donax, this make necessary to identify potential associated pests and their possible impact on their production. The aphid Melanaphis donacis (Passerini) is the main arthropod that has been associated with this specie in experimental plots in the Metropolitan region. In order to provide basic information for future development of this crop and design management strategies that are appropriate and suitable, the variation of population of this aphid was studied for one year (2013). Population levels were measured through fortnightly collections of leaves from wild plots of A. donax without insecticide treatments, counting and recording the average per leave and sampling day. The aphid was present throughout year long, being especially abundant in spring and summer, with a maxim average number 243 individuals per leaf, while in wild plants only reached to a maximum of 147 aphids per leaf. Also natural enemies that help to keep aphid populations under damaging levels were observed abundantly, especially ladybirds and hoverflies.

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Daparo, Loredana. "Valutazione di colture lignocellulosiche in ambiente mediterraneo ai fini della produzione di bioetanolo di seconda generazione". Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/157.

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In the last years there has been a growing interest in energy biomass crops especially in the industrialized countries, in relationship to the pressing demands to exploit new energetic sources. The new technologies that can make fuel from lignocellulosic biomass, open up interesting prospects for some species that have proved particularly promising for the characteristics of perenniality and productivity: Arundo donax, Cynara cardunculus Miscantus spp and even if they have, however, still points weakness related to propagation techniques, harvesting and storage, the availability of genotypes and mechanization. At the end of the introduction of energy crops in the Mediterranean area have been taken to poliennal three species. Specifically, for the Arundo donax and miscantus studies have been conducted on the response to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization, while for the cardoon, autumn winter crop, were evaluated different genotypes. The species reached the highest dry biomass production of the third year of planting. The Arundo has provided the highest dry biomass production of about 26 t ha-1, Miscanthus production reached approximately 20 t ha-1; the Miscantus species is no longer produced from V years due to the lack of irrigation and fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect the production behavior of the species in the study, while the reduced irrigation administration in reduced yields, with effects more pronounced in the miscanthus. The genotypes of Cynara cardunculus showed a great variability; S16 (20 t ha-1) and C5 (16 t ha-1) were more genotypes productive. Important informations was obtained on the potential in bioethanol production that reached 3000 liters ha-1 in arundo.

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Rüggeberg, Markus [Verfasser], e Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Speck. "The mechanical and structural design of tissue interfaces in the Mexican Fanpalm (Washingtonia robusta) and the Giant Reed (Arundo donax)". Freiburg : Universität, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1241042918/34.

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Ramos, Romero Diego. "Producción de tableros de fibras sin adición de adhesivos a partir de arundo donax L. Y bagazo de Saccharum officinarum L". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97205.

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En este trabajo se estudian los parámetros de obtención de tableros sin aporte de adhesivos, a partir de materiales lignocelulósicoscomo son la caña común (Arundodonax L.) y el bagazo de SaccharumofficinarumL. Los tableros propuestos aportan como ventaja el estar libres de emisiones de formaldehído y el no consumir recursos fósiles. Ambas propiedades son importantes en un mercado cada vez más exigente en aspectos medioambientales. En el caso del “ArundodonaxL” se ha partido de cañas silvestres de Tarragona. El bagazo de Saccharumofficinarum utilizado es el subproducto industrial de una destilería de la Isla de la Palma (Canarias). El material crudo ha sido pretratado realizando una “explosión de vapor” en un reactor “batch” a distintas condiciones de severidad. Este material explosionado se ha triturado y prensado en frío de dos formas (en seco y en húmedo). Posteriormente, los tableros prensados en frío y acondicionados a temperatura y HR constantes se han prensado en caliente a diferentes niveles de presión, temperatura y tiempo de prensado. En el proceso de producción a escala de laboratorio de los tableros, se han mejorado algunas de las fases seguidas como el prensado, introduciendo mallas de evacuación de vapor; y se han innovado otros, como la incorporación del prensado en frío y el tratamiento térmico final después de la conformación en caliente. Todo ello para mejorar la homogeneidad y obtener tableros de altas prestaciones mecánicas con estosmateriales. Se ha podido estudiar el efecto de los distintos factores que intervienen en la producción de tableros (Severidad del pretratamiento, temperatura de prensado, presión de prensado y tiempo de prensado), sobre las características físicas y mecánicas de estos tableros(Densidad, MOE, MOR, IB, TS y WA). Con ello se han obtenido las relaciones matemáticas que vinculan a estos factores de producción con las características físicas y mecánicas de los tableros. Puede ser muy importante para la industria el hecho de que los modelos ajustados definidos nos pueden permitir obtener tableros con características prefijadas. También se ha valorado la utilización de material integro explosionado y no lavado y, por tanto, sin ningún lixiviado ni residuo. Los tableros cumplen sobradamente los requerimientos de las norma EN para uso estructural, en todas las características físico-mecánicas estudiadas. Abreviaturas: HR Humedad relativa MOE Módulo de elasticidad en flexión o Módulo de Young MOR Módulo de rotura o Resistencia a la flexión IB Resistencia a la tracción perpendicular a las caras (Internal Bond) TS Hinchamiento WA Absorción de agua
This work studies the parameters for obtaining binderless fiberboards from lignocelullosic materials such as giant reed (Arundodonax L.) and sugar cane bagasse (Saccharumofficinarum L.) The suggested boards havethe advantage of being free from formaldehyde emissions and of not consuming fossil resources. Both properties are important in a market that is increasingly sensitivetowards environmental issues. Wild reeds from Tarragona were used as the base material to make Arundodonax Lfiberboards. The Saccharumoffinarumsugar cane bagasse was anindustrial byproduct obtained from a plantation on the island ofLa Palma in the Canary Islands (DestileríasAldea SL). The raw material was pre-treated by performing a “steam explosion” in a “batch” reactor. The exploded material was ground and cold-pressed in two ways (wet and dry). Subsequently, the cold-pressed boards, which had beenconditioned at a constant temperature and RH, were hot-pressed at different levels of pressure, temperature and press time. Some of the processes for producing boards on a laboratory-scale,such as pressing withsteam evacuation meshes, have been improved. Others processes were specifically developed in the laboratory, including the incorporation of cold-pressing and the final heat treatment after hot-forming. The aim of all this was to achieve high mechanical performance in boards made from these materials. Different factors involved in the production of the boards were studied (severity of pretreatment, pressing temperature, pressing pressure and pressing time) to determine how they affectthe physical and mechanical properties of these boards (density, MOE, MOR, IB, TS and WA). As a result, the mathematical relationships that link these production factors to the physical and mechanical properties of the boards were obtained. It is very significant for the industry that these adjusted models can produce boards with preset characteristics. The use of material that wascompletely exploded and unwashed and, therefore, without residue has also been studied. In terms of all the physical-mechanical characteristics studied,the boards fully comply with the requirements of the EN standards for structural use. Abbreviations RHRelativehumidity MOE Modulus of elasticity MOR Modulus of rupture IB Internal bond TS Thicknessswelling WA Water absorption

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Karlsson, Axel, e Pinthira Fagerström. "Blue Growth : Applications and properties of biochar made out of reed". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297368.

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The climate on earth keeps getting warmer where heat waves, eutrophication, rising sea levels, extreme weather like flooding, droughts and wildfires are an expanding problem. The focus of this bachelor thesis is to determine the potential of mitigating eutrophication and while contributing to blue growth by harvesting and make use of reeds like Phragmites australis and Arundo donax. Reeds have the ability to quickly absorb nutrients from aquatic environments and there are opportunities to use them as a feedstock for producing biochar to be potentially used in areas such as soil improvement, fodder additive and carbon sequestration. Additionally, optimal biochar properties for the observed applications gets analysed. The thesis is based on a systematic literature review and an interview with Niclas Anvret at the non-profit organisation “Race for the Baltic”. Results show that biochar produced according to parameters such as heating rate, biomass species and especially, different temperatures, results in varied characteristics that change the biochar's adsorption abilities, nutrient retention, alkalinity, stability, surface area and porosity volume. The different applications of biochar are, however, not easily determined. This is because of the fact that certain biochar properties, that are prominent in entirely different pyrolysis conditions, could both be beneficial for the same application. Additionally, the different attributes sometimes influence each other which gives rise to unclear patterns affecting use potential. To overcome these issues, more research is needed to clarify the correlations between attributes of the biochar and to determine which characteristics of biochar are best suited for each application. In terms of how large-scale harvesting of reed could affect the ecosystem is also unclear, there is not enough research regarding the question to be able to draw clear conclusions. The reasoning behind this is that there are knowledge gaps, geographical differences, different unit measuring and methodology. The potential for biochar in the coal market is high and the demand in Sweden has risen over the past couple of years. There is also interest in using biochar as a soil amendment, to make use of nutrient content as well as applying organic matter to soils to potentially achieve long-term carbon sequestration. However, the production cost of biochar out of reed is relatively expensive, and it cannot compete with coal or other fertilisers/soil amendments on the market, with feedstock management usually being the most expensive part of production. Lastly, there is currently no harvesting method that can measure the amount of reed that needs to be harvested to be able to produce biochar on a large scale.
Klimatet på jorden blir allt varmare och värmeböljor, övergödning, stigande havsnivåer, extrema väder som översvämningar, torka och bränder är ett stigande problem. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka potentialen att mildra eutrofiering och samtidigt bidra till blå tillväxt genom att skörda - och använda sig av vass som Phragmites australis och Arundo donax. Vass har en framträdande förmåga att absorbera näringsämnen. Det finns därför möjligheter att använda dem som råvara för att producera biokol som potentiellt kan användas i områden såsom jordförbättring, fodertillsatser och kolbindning. Utöver detta undersöks optimala egenskaper för biokol enligt de observerade applikationerna. Kandidatuppsatsen bygger på en systematisk litteraturstudie och en intervju med Niclas Anvret på den ideella organisationen ”Race for the Baltic”. Resultaten indikerar att biokol, producerad i pyrolys enligt parametrar som uppvärmningshastighet, biomassa och i synnerhet olika temperaturer, resulterar i varierande egenskaper som förändrar biokolets absorptionsförmåga, bibehållande av näring, alkalinitet, stabilitet, ytarea och porositetsvolym. De olika tillämpningarna av biokol är emellertid svåra att avgöra på grund av vissa biokolegenskaper. Dessa egenskaper är framträdande under helt olika pyrolysförhållanden men kan samtidigt vara fördelaktiga för samma typ av applikation. Dessutom påverkar de olika attributen ibland varandra vilket ger upphov till komplexa trender som påverkar användningspotentialen. För att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser behövs mer forskning för att klargöra sambandet mellan biokolens attribut och för att bestämma vilken samling egenskaper hos biokol som passar bäst för varje applikation. Hur storskalig skörd av vass kan påverka ekosystemet är fortfarande oklart. Det finns inte tillräckligt med forskning kring frågan för att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser. Detta beror på att det finns kunskapsluckor, geografiska skillnader, olika måttenheter och metoder för de studier som gjorts inom detta område. Potentialen för biokol på kolmarknaden är hög och efterfrågan i Sverige har ökat de senaste åren. Det finns också intresse för att använda biokol för jordförbättring, dels för att använda näringsinnehållet men också för att applicera biokol i jorden för att potentiellt uppnå långvarig kolbindning. Dock är produktionskostnaden för biokol gjort på vass mycket kostsam och kan därför inte konkurrera med fossilt kol eller andra gödselmedel jordförändringar på marknaden. Detta beror främst på råvaruhanteringen som är den dyraste delen av produktionen. Slutligen finns det för närvarande ingen skördemetod som kan mäta den mängd vass som behöver skördas för att kunna producera biokol i stor skala.

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Gentili, Luigi. "Scarti industriali e da demolizione per la realizzazione di calcestruzzi sostenibili". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Abstract (sommario):

Lo studio sperimentale, descritto nella presente tesi ha come scopo l’utilizzo di scarti di produzione o materiali considerati eco-friendly, all’interno del calcestruzzo. L’attività condotta si inserisce all’interno di un progetto della regione Emilia Romagna, Mater_Sos, che ha tra gli obiettivi lo scopo di sviluppare e prototipare materiali da costruzione a basso impatto ambientale. Il calcestruzzo in Italia è uno dei materiali più utilizzati nell’edilizia, ma il meno sostenibile. Per la sua produzione vengono impiegate elevate quantità di risorse naturali non rinnovabili con un notevole impatto ambientale, sia per le sostanze emesse in atmosfera, sia per le macerie prodotte nel post utilizzo. Lo studio sperimentale, ha molteplici scopi: la sostituzione nelle malte e nei calcestruzzi di una percentuale di cemento con scarti di produzione ceramici o alimentari (gusci di conchiglie e uova), l’utilizzo nei calcestruzzi di aggregati di riciclo provenienti dalla lavorazione di macerie da demolizione ed infine l’utilizzo di fibre naturali o polimeriche per incrementare la resistenza a trazione dei calcestruzzi confezionati. La tesi mira all'incentivazione dei materiali da riciclo, come scelta sostenibile per il futuro dell'edilizia, in modo da ridurre l’impatto ambientale nella produzione dei materiali da costruzione.

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29

Silva, Joselaine Dias de Lima. "Ñande reko arundu dos Guarani-Ñandeva da tekoha sombrerito: a educação indígena na perspectiva intercultural". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNILA, 2016. http://dspace.unila.edu.br/123456789/670.

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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina, da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito para obtenção de título de Mestre em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Senilde Alcântara Guanaes.
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O objetivo da Dissertação está em analisar como acontece a educação escolar dos Guarani na Tekoha Sombrerito, relacionado à Educação Intercultural, apresentando as ações pedagógicas, bem como a formação dos professores indígenas no Curso Magistério Ára Verá (tempoespaço iluminado) e o Curso de Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena Teko Arandu (Viver com sabedoria) específicos aos Guarani, e ainda o processo de produção de materiais. Fez-se uso de diversos teóricos como também de pesquisas in loco focando na análise sobre como os materiais de ensino-aprendizagem podem contribuir para que aconteça o registro escrito da tradição oral existente na aldeia, estabelecendo uma relação entre os aspectos culturais Guarani e a proposta de escola diferenciada, com processos próprios de aprendizagem. Tendo como referência para pesquisa, temas como Ñande Reko Arandu, (modo de ser e viver com sabedoria) próprios da cultura Guarani; a educação escolar na Tekoha Sombrerito; a produção literária de uso didático-pedagógicos de ensino aprendizagem como um meio para a Educação Intercultural.
The aim of the Dissertation is to analyze as in the education of Guarani in Tekoha Sombrerito, related to Intercultural Education, presenting the educational activities and the training of indigenous teachers in Teaching Course Ára Verá (illuminated space-time) and the Course degree Intercultural Indigenous Teko Arandu (Living with wisdom) specific to Guarani and materials production process. There was use of various theoretical also research in focusing the analysis on the teaching-learning materials can contribute to that happening the written record of the existing oral tradition in the village, establishing a relationship between the cultural aspects Guarani and proposal for differentiated school with their own learning processes. With reference to research topics such as Ñande Reko Arandu, (way of being and living wisely) own the Guarani culture; school education in Tekoha Sombrerito; the literary production of didactic and pedagogical use as means for Intercultural Education.

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30

BICHARA, Marcelo Raphael Rocha. "Luz que veio de Aruanda: mediunidade e sincretismo na Umbanda". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1507.

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CAPES
The object of our research is the mediumship phenomenon in Umbanda, focusing the syncretism as one of its central elements. As theoretical and practical reference we used the analytical psychology developed by the physician, psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), for the depth and interdisciplinary amplitude of his studies on the religious phenomenon and its psychological approach of the religious experience. Semi-structural interviews were done with mediums in the state of trance, asking about the category Aruanda, in three terreiros of Umbanda in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our hypothesis is that the descriptions of Aruanda, when interpreted from a symbolic point of view, can indicate the direction and finality of Umbanda?s Weltanschauung ? its psychological attitude in life. To accomplish our research we studied the birth of modern psychology, revealing the historical importance of mediumship and trance researches in the formulation of this new science. We also studied the background history of Umbanda to better understand our object. Many parallels were found between the analytical psychology and Umbanda. Both came to be in the turn of the nineteen to the twenty century, acting as compensation movements against the occidental hegemonic attitude ? analytical psychology in Europe, Umbanda in Brazil. With the data collected from both bibliographic and field research, it was possible to demonstrate how the symbolical content, that emerge in trance, helps to give form to numerous umbandas. Fluid and constantly in construction, Umbanda?s psychological attitude don?t fit in general systematizations. In spite of all the differences, it was possible to find in the descriptions given in trance common elements that point in the same direction: a revalorization of body experience, emotions and instincts, in direct opposition of Christian asceticism and modern rationalism.
O objetivo de nossa pesquisa ? estudar o fen?meno da mediunidade no contexto da Umbanda, focando o sincretismo como um de seus elementos centrais. Tomamos como referencial te?rico e pr?tico a psicologia anal?tica elaborada pelo m?dico psiquiatra e psic?logo Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), pela profundidade e amplitude interdisciplinar de seus estudos sobre o fen?meno religioso e por sua abordagem psicol?gica das experi?ncias religiosas. Realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas a respeito da categoria Aruanda com m?diuns em estado de transe, em tr?s terreiros de Umbanda no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa hip?tese ? que as descri??es de Aruanda, quando interpretadas de um ponto de vista simb?lico, podem nos indicar o sentido e a finalidade da Weltanschauung umbandista, isto ?, sua atitude psicol?gica diante da vida. Para realizar a pesquisa fizemos uma incurs?o na hist?ria do nascimento da psicologia moderna, destacando a relev?ncia das pesquisas sobre a mediunidade e os estados de transe para a formula??o dessa nova ci?ncia. Mergulhamos tamb?m nos prim?rdios da Umbanda para melhor compreender nosso objeto de estudo. Encontramos muitos paralelos entre a psicologia anal?tica e a Umbanda. Ambas surgem na virada do s?culo XIX para o XX e atuam como movimentos de compensa??o da atitude hegem?nica ocidental: a psicologia anal?tica na Europa, a Umbanda no Brasil. Com base nos dados coletados na pesquisa bibliogr?fica e no trabalho de campo foi poss?vel demonstrar como os conte?dos simb?licos, que emergem durante os estados de transe, ajudam a dar forma a infinitas umbandas. Fluida e constantemente em constru??o, a atitude psicol?gica umbandista n?o se deixa enquadrar em sistematiza??es generalistas. Apesar das diferen?as foi poss?vel encontrar, nas descri??es fornecidas em estado de transe, elementos em comum que apontam num mesmo sentido: uma revaloriza??o das experi?ncias do corpo, das emo??es e dos instintos, em oposi??o direta ao ascetismo crist?o e ao racionalismo moderno.

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31

Korhonen, Daniel. "Wheel alignment method feasibility study". Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280555.

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Throughout the history of motor vehicles, the tyres have always been consideredas one of the most important components of the vehicle due to their interactionwith the road. One important aspect is the wheel alignment, with the purposeto adjust the static wheel angles that are essential for many reasons, such assafety and fuel consumption for instance. Despite the numerous methods forwheel angle measurements, there seems to be no existing technical solutionbased on computer vision, that is suitable for residential use, regarding bothcost and size of the equipment. The study aims to investigate the feasibility ofsuch a system.The proposed system is based on planar fiducial markers called ArUco.From images or video frames of the marker, the pose of the marker can beestimated. Thus, by placing such markers on the ground, on the wheel andon the vehicle, the estimated pose of the markers can be used to measure andcalculate the wheel alignment parameters. Only toe and camber angles aremeasured within the scope of this thesis, even if the system has the potential tomeasure other wheel alignment parameters as well.After camera calibration, simplified ArUco marker tests were done by measuringthe known displacement and inclination of a marker with respect to areference marker. The mean absolute error was 030400 and 0:024mm for theinclination angle and displacement, respectively. Furthermore, the toe and camberangles of a vehicle were measured and compared to reference measurementsperformed with a commercial wheel alignment system, giving mean absoluteerrors of 0520 and 0280 for the camber and toe angles, respectively. Despitethe relatively large errors for the toe and camber angle measurements, theresults from the initial inclination and displacement tests show the potential ofthe system. In addition, several error sources and suggestions for improvementcan be identified.As a conclusion, the proposed system can be considered a working firstprototype, which after improvement and optimisation has the potential tobecome a feasible alternative, especially for residential use and for mobileworkshops due to the low cost, size and usability of the system.
Inom fordonstekniken har däcken alltid betraktats som en av fordonets viktigastekomponenter på grund av deras interaktion med vägen. En viktig aspektär hjulinställning, med syftet att justera de statiska hjulvinklarna som är viktigaav många anledningar, som exempelvis säkerhet och bränsleförbrukning.Trots flera metoder för mätning av hjulvinklar verkar det inte finnas någonbefintlig teknisk lösning baserad på datorseende, som är lämplig för privat brukbåde gällande kostnad och storlek på utrustningen. Syftet med studien är attundersöka genomförbarheten för ett sådant system.Det föreslagna systemet är baserat på plana ArUco-markörer. Från bildereller bildrutor i en video av markören kan dess läge uppskattas. Genom attplacera sådana markörer på marken, på hjulet och på fordonet, kan såledesmarkörernas uppskattade lägen användas för att mäta och beräkna hjulvinklarna.Endast toe- och cambervinklar mäts inom ramen för detta examensarbete, ävenom systemet också kan mäta andra hjulvinklar.Efter kamerakalibrering utfördes enkla ArUco-markörtester genom att mätaden kända förskjutningen och vinkeln av en markör i förhållande till en referensmarkör.De genomsnittliga absoluta felen var 030400 och 0:024mm förvinkeln respektive förskjutningen. Vidare mättes toe- och cambervinklar påett fordon och jämfördes med referensmätningar utförda med ett kommersiellthjulinställningssystem. De genomsnittliga absoluta felen var 0520 och 0280för camber- respektive toevinkeln. Trots de relativt stora felen i mätningarnaav toe- och cambervinklar visar resultaten från de första testerna systemetspotential. Dessutom kan flera felkällor och förslag till förbättringar identifieras.Som en slutsats kan det föreslagna systemet betraktas som en fungerandeförsta prototyp, som efter förbättring och optimering har potential att bli ettmöjligt alternativ, särskilt för hemmabruk och för mobila verkstäder på grundav låga kostnader, systemets ringa storlek och användbarhet.

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Tol, Roger. "Een haan in oorlog : Toloqna Arung Labuaja : een twintigste-eeuws Buginees heldendicht van de hand van I Mallaq Daéng Mabéla Arung Manajéng /". Dordrecht : Foris publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37147999d.

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Texte remanié de: Proefschrift--Letteren--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1989.
Titre de couv. : Een haan in oorlog : Toloqna Arung Labuaja : een Buginees heldendicht. Contient le texte du manuscrit de "Toloqna Arung Labuaja" en bugis et en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 356-367. Lexique.

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33

Mawby, Joanna. "Metamorphic and geochronologic constraints on Palaeozoic tectonism in the eastern Arunta Inlier". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm462.pdf.

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Appendix 4 and 5 in pocket on back cover. Bibliography: p. 123-130. The isotopic data indicates the Harts Range Metamorphic Complex formed within a previously unrecognized intracratonic tectonic province in Central Australia

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34

Kelsey, David. "Controls on the localisation of Palaeozoic deformation in the northeastern Arunta Inlier /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbk295.pdf.

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35

Wirtjes, Hanneke Marion. "A critical edition of the Middle English Bestiary from BL MS Arundel 292". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385798.

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36

Boyle, Andrew. "Henry Fitzalan, twelfth earl of Arundel : politics and culture in the Tudor nobility". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251435.

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37

Zhao, Jian-xin. "The geology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Atnarpa Igneous Complex, SE Arunta Inlier, northern Australia : implications for early to middle proterozoic tectonism and crustal evolution". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smz63.pdf.

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38

Bendall, Betina. "Mid-Palaeozoic shear zones in the Strangways Range : a record of intracratonic tectonism in the Arunta Inlier, Central Australia". Title page, contents and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb458.pdf.

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39

Mishra, Arunav [Verfasser], e Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Berberich. "Leveraging Semantic Annotations for Event-focused Search & Summarization / Arunav Mishra ; Betreuer: Klaus Berberich". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1155420225/34.

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40

Read, Caroline M. (Caroline Margaret) 1972. "Fluid flow during continental reworking : a study of shear zones in the Arunta Inlier, central Australia". Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7847.

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Condon, John Joseph. "Manumission, slavery and family in the post-Revolutionary Rural Chesapeake : Anne Arundel County, Maryland, 1781-1831 /". Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.

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42

Choudhary, Aruni [Verfasser], e Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Mehlhorn. "Approximation algorithms for Vietoris-Rips and Čech filtrations / Aruni Choudhary ; Betreuer: Kurt Mehlhorn". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1152094882/34.

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43

Pʻu-chʻüan, Ting. "Structural and tectonic evolution of the Eastern Arunta Inlier in the Harts Range area of Central Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd5839.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1989.
Typescript (Photocopy). Copies of 4 published papers co-authored by author, and 7 maps, in back cover pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-218).

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44

Damijonaitis, Arunas Jonas [Verfasser], e Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Trauner. "Photoswitchable molecules for the optical control of GPCRs and ion channels / Arunas Jonas Damijonaitis ; Betreuer: Dirk Trauner". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1170061176/34.

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45

Aruffo, Chiara Maria [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Henk e Charlotte [Akademischer Betreuer] Krawczyk. "Geomechanical characterization of the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia / Chiara Maria Aruffo. Betreuer: Andreas Henk ; Charlotte Krawczyk". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1112088350/34.

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46

Nagarajah, Arun [Verfasser]. "Selbstorganisierende Merkmalskarten für eine anforderungsbasierte Produktvariantenauswahl / Arun Nagarajah". Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071529315/34.

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47

Bilda, Sebastian. "Optische Methoden zur Positionsbestimmung auf Basis von Landmarken". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-226934.

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Die Innenraumpositionierung kommt in der heutigen Zeit immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu teil. Neben der Navigation durch das Gebäude sind vor allem Location Based Services von Bedeutung, welche Zusatzinformationen zu spezifischen Objekten zur Verfügung stellen Da für eine Innenraumortung das GPS Signal jedoch zu schwach ist, müssen andere Techniken zur Lokalisierung gefunden werden. Neben der häufig verwendeten Positionierung durch Auswertung von empfangenen Funkwellen existieren Methoden zur optischen Lokalisierung mittels Landmarken. Das kamerabasierte Verfahren bietet den Vorteil, dass eine oft zentimetergenaue Positionierung möglich ist. In dieser Masterarbeit erfolgt die Bestimmung der Position im Gebäude mittels Detektion von ArUco-Markern und Türschildern aus Bilddaten. Als Evaluationsgeräte sind zum einen die Kinect v2 von Microsoft, als auch das Lenovo Phab 2 Pro Smartphone verwendet worden. Neben den Bilddaten stellen diese auch mittels Time of Flight Sensoren generierte Tiefendaten zur Verfügung. Durch den Vergleich von aus dem Bild extrahierten Eckpunkten der Landmarke, mit den aus einer Datenbank entnommenen realen geometrischen Maßen des Objektes, kann die Entfernung zu einer gefundenen Landmarke bestimmt werden. Neben der optischen Distanzermittlung wird die Position zusätzlich anhand der Tiefendaten ermittelt. Abschließend werden beiden Verfahren miteinander verglichen und eine Aussage bezüglich der Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit des in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Algorithmus getroffen
Indoor Positioning is receiving more and more attention nowadays. Beside the navigation through a building, Location Bases Services offer the possibility to get more information about certain objects in the enviroment. Because GPS signals are too weak to penetrate buildings, other techniques for localization must be found. Beneath the commonly used positioning via the evaluation of received radio signals, optical methods for localization with the help of landmarks can be used. These camera-based procedures have the advantage, that an inch-perfect positioning is possible. In this master thesis, the determination of the position in a building is chieved through the detection of ArUco-Marker and door signs in images gathered by a camera. The evaluation is done with the Microsoft Kinect v2 and the Lenovo Phab 2 Pro Smartphone. They offer depth data gained by a time of flight sensor beside the color images. The range to a detected landmark is calculated by comparing the object´s corners in the image with the real metrics, extracted from a database. Additionally, the distance is determined by the evaluation of the depth data. Finally, both procedures are compared with each other and a statement about the accuracy and responsibility is made

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48

Whiting, Thomas H. "A study of the lithology and structure of the eastern Arunta Inlier based on aeromagnetic interpretation : a lithological subdivision and structural history of the eastern Arunta Inlier, with particular emphasis on the relationship between magnetic mineral petrogenesis, rock magnetism and aeromagnetic signature /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6125.pdf.

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49

Buick, Ian S. "The petrology and geochemistry of granitic rocks from the Entia domal structure, Harts Range, eastern Arunta Block, Central Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smb932.pdf.

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50

Falls, D. J. "Love's mirror before Arundel : audiences and early readers of Nicholas Love's Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546051.

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Tesi sul tema "Arundo"

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