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Dole, David, Steven Lewis-Workman, Dennis D. Trinidad e Xianbin Yao. "The Rise of Asian Aid Donors: Recipient-to-Donor Transition and Implications for International Aid Regime". Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 13, n. 1 (gennaio 2021): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910121989462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aims of this article are twofold. First, from a historical perspective, it examines the recipient-to-donor transition of five Asian aid donors, namely Japan, Korea, China, India, and Thailand. Specifically, it examines the evolution of their foreign aid programs and practices. Second, it analyzes the effects of Asian aid donors on the international aid regime. We argue that the mix of economic and security goals, which motivated Asian donors to develop their initial economic cooperation programs, have persisted over time. This explains why Asian aid donors have allotted a disproportionate share of their assistance to neighboring countries and their use of foreign aid as a key tool of their commercial and diplomatic policies. Moreover, we contend that the rise and experience of Asian aid donors have created a new dynamic to donor–recipient partnerships and development cooperation like new approaches and modalities. Key findings of this study add to the growing literature on emerging donors and aid effectiveness debate.
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Karipineni, Farah, Afshin Parsikia, PoNan Chang, John Pang, Stalin Campos, Kamran Khanmoradi, Radi Zaki e Jorge Ortiz. "Dispelling the myth of Asian homogeneity: Improved outcomes of Chinese Americans after kidney transplantation". Translation: The University of Toledo Journal of Medical Sciences 3 (27 giugno 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46570/utjms.vol3-2016-201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: Asians represent the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. Despite significant diversity within the group, many transplant studies treat Asians as a homogeneous entity. We compared patient and graft survival among major Asian eth- nicities to determine whether any subgroup has superior out- comes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of kidney trans- plants on Asian and White patients between 2001 and 2012. Co- variates included gender, age, comorbidities, and donor category. Primary outcomes included one-year patient and graft survival. Secondary outcomes included delayed graft function (DGF) and rejection as cause of graft loss and death. Results: Ninety-one Asian patients were identified. Due to the large proportion of Chinese patients (n=37), we grouped other Asians into one entity (n=54) for statistical comparison among Chinese, other Asians, and Whites (n=346). Chinese subjects had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001) and had the lowest proportion of living donors (p>0.001). Patient survival was highest in our Chinese cohort (p>0.001)Discussion: Our study confirms outcome differences among Asian subgroups in kidney transplantation. Chinese demonstrate better patient survival at one year than Whites and non-Chinese Asians despite fewer live donors. Lower BMI scores may partly explain this. Larger, long-term studies are needed to elucidate outcome disparities among Asian subgroups
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Karipineni, Farah, Afshin Parsikia, PoNan Chang, John Pang, Stalin Campos, Kamran Khanmoradi, Radi Zaki e Jorge Ortiz. "Dispelling the myth of Asian homogeneity: Improved outcomes of Chinese Americans after kidney transplantation". Translation: The University of Toledo Journal of Medical Sciences 10, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46570/utjms.vol10-2016-201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: Asians represent the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. Despite significant diversity within the group, many transplant studies treat Asians as a homogeneous entity. We compared patient and graft survival among major Asian eth- nicities to determine whether any subgroup has superior out- comes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of kidney trans- plants on Asian and White patients between 2001 and 2012. Co- variates included gender, age, comorbidities, and donor category. Primary outcomes included one-year patient and graft survival. Secondary outcomes included delayed graft function (DGF) and rejection as cause of graft loss and death. Results: Ninety-one Asian patients were identified. Due to the large proportion of Chinese patients (n=37), we grouped other Asians into one entity (n=54) for statistical comparison among Chinese, other Asians, and Whites (n=346). Chinese subjects had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001) and had the lowest proportion of living donors (p>0.001). Patient survival was highest in our Chinese cohort (p>0.001)Discussion: Our study confirms outcome differences among Asian subgroups in kidney transplantation. Chinese demonstrate better patient survival at one year than Whites and non-Chinese Asians despite fewer live donors. Lower BMI scores may partly explain this. Larger, long-term studies are needed to elucidate outcome disparities among Asian subgroups
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Jiyoung Kim. "Asian Donors`ODA to Africa". 사회과학연구 22, n. 1 (febbraio 2014): 146–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17787/jsgiss.2014.22.1.146.
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Yamada, Shoko. "Introduction: positions of Asian donors in the aid discourse toward post-2015". Asian Education and Development Studies 3, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2013): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-11-2013-0060.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to provide the context in which this special issue is published. This special issue highlights the matters related to the Asian countries which provide assistance to developing countries for their advancement of education. There are an increasing number of donor countries which are formerly recipients of development assistance. Their emergence as donors is changing the landscape of international educational development. Being outside of the self-regulating community of traditional donors, they bring different logics and motivations to this field that often go beyond the frame of meaning making among traditional donors. Asia-Pacific region is unique in the sense that it has both traditional and new types of donors. The former group includes Japan and the USA, while the latter has Korea, China, India, and many others. Design/methodology/approach – As the introduction to the collection of articles which introduce characteristics of diverse donors (traditional and nontraditional) in the Asia-Pacific region, this paper discusses first, changing the normative framework toward the target year of achieving Education for All goals, which is 2015; second, the background for the nontraditional donors to increase their presence and the changed landscape of international educational development; and third, commonalities and differences among Asian donors in terms of their philosophies, structures, and histories. Findings – This paper maps out the locations of each Asian donors discussed in the respective country cases to follow and highlights some Asian characteristics. Originality/value – The findings would hint at the presence of principles and logics of educational cooperation which cannot be fully grasped by applying widely diffused western notions of educational development.
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Ha, Jane, Cheol Woong Jung, Sunkyu Choi, Myung-Gyu Kim, Jun Gyo Gwon, Joong Kyung Kim, Chan-Duck Kim, Ji Won Min, Jaeseok Yang e Curie Ahn. "Impact of acute kidney injury on graft outcomes of deceased donor kidney transplantation: A nationwide registry-based matched cohort study in Korea". PLOS ONE 16, n. 11 (17 novembre 2021): e0260076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Favorable long-term and short-term graft survival and patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT) from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) have been reported. However, few studies have evaluated effects of donor AKI status on graft outcomes after KT in Asian population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate graft function after KTs from donors with AKI compared to matched KTs from donors without AKI using a multicenter cohort in Korea. Methods We analyzed a total of 1,466 KTs collected in Korean Organ Transplant Registry between April 2014 and December 2017. KTs from AKI donors (defined as donors with serum creatinine level ≥ 2 mg/dL) and non-AKI donors (275 cases for each group) were enrolled using a 1:1 propensity score matching. Graft outcomes including graft and patient survival, delayed graft function (DGF), rejection rate, and serially measured estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. Results After propensity matching, KTs from AKI donors showed higher rate of DGF (44.7% vs. 24.0%, p < 0.001). However, the rejection rate was not significantly different between the two groups (KTs from AKI donors vs. KTs from non-AKI donors). eGFRs measured after 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were not significantly different by donor AKI status. With median follow-up duration of 3.52 years, cox proportional hazards models revealed hazard ratio of 0.973 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.584 to 1.621), 1.004 (95% CI, 0.491 to 2.054) and 0.808 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.426 to 1.532) for overall graft failure, death-censored graft failure and patient mortality, respectively, in KTs from AKI donors compared to KTs from non-AKI donors as a reference. Conclusions KTs from AKI donors showed comparable outcomes to KTs from non-AKI donors, despite a higher incidence of DGF. Results of this study supports the validity of using kidneys from deceased AKI donors in Asian population.
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Wang, Ziting, Pradeep Durai e HoYee Tiong. "Expanded criteria donors in deceased donor kidney transplantation – An Asian perspective". Indian Journal of Urology 36, n. 2 (2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/iju.iju_269_19.
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Vasu, Sumithira, Susan F. Leitman, John F. Tisdale, Matthew M. Hsieh, Richard W. Childs, A. John Barrett, Daniel H. Fowler et al. "Donor demographic and laboratory predictors of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in an ethnically diverse population". Blood 112, n. 5 (1 settembre 2008): 2092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-03-143677.
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Abstract A reliable estimate of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may identify donors at risk for poor mobilization and help optimize transplantation approaches. We studied 639 allogeneic PBSC collections performed in 412 white, 75 black, 116 Hispanic, and 36 Asian/Pacific adult donors who were prescribed G-CSF dosed at either 10 or 16 μg/kg per day for 5 days followed by large-volume leukapheresis (LVL). Additional LVL (mean, 11 L) to collect lymphocytes for donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and other therapies was performed before G-CSF administration in 299 of these donors. Day 5 preapheresis blood CD34+ cell counts after mobilization were significantly lower in whites compared with blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific donors (79 vs 104, 94, and 101 cells/μL, P < .001). In addition, donors who underwent lymphapheresis before mobilization had higher CD34+ cell counts than donors who did not (94 vs 79 cells/μL, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, higher post–G-CSF CD34+ cell counts were most strongly associated with the total amount of G-CSF received, followed by the pre–G-CSF platelet count, pre–G-CSF mononuclear count, and performance of prior LVL for DLI collection. Age, white ethnicity, and female gender were associated with significantly lower post–G-CSF CD34+ cell counts.
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Ashraf, Haroon. "UK Asian community targeted as organ donors". Lancet 353, n. 9155 (marzo 1999): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76494-1.
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Bailey, Phillippa K., Katie Wong, Matthew Robb, Lisa Burnapp, Alistair Rogers, Aisling Courtney e Caroline Wroe. "Has the UK living kidney donor population changed over time? A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the UK living donor registry between 2006 and 2017". BMJ Open 10, n. 6 (giugno 2020): e033906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033906.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundA living-donor kidney transplant is the best treatment for most people with kidney failure. Population cohort studies have shown that lifetime living kidney donor risk is modified by sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity and relationship to the recipient.ObjectivesWe investigated whether the UK population of living kidney donors has changed over time, investigating changes in donor demographics.DesignWe undertook a cross-sectional analysis of the UK living kidney donor registry between January 2006 to December 2017. Data were available on living donor sex, age, ethnicity, BMI, hypertension and relationship to recipient.SettingUK living donor registry.Participants11 651 consecutive living kidney donors from January 2006 to December 2017.Outcome measuresLiving kidney donor demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity, BMI and relationship to the transplant recipient) were compared across years of donation activity. Donor characteristics were also compared across different ethnic groups.ResultsOver the study period, the mean age of donors increased (from 45.8 to 48.7 years, p<0.001), but this change appears to have been limited to the White population of donors. Black donors were younger than White donors, and a greater proportion were siblings of their intended recipient and male. The proportion of non-genetically related non-partner donations increased over the 12-year period of analysis (p value for linear trend=0.002).ConclusionsThe increasing age of white living kidney donors in the UK has implications for recipient and donor outcomes. Despite an increase in the number of black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals waitlisted for a kidney transplant, there has been no increase in the ethnic diversity of UK living kidney donors. Black donors in the UK may be at a much greater risk of developing kidney failure due to accumulated risks: whether these risks are being communicated needs to be investigated.
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Westhoff, Connie M., Marek Simm, Carl Myers, Stella T. Chou, Adonis Stassinopoulos e Beth H. Shaz. "Donor Availability for Extended Phenotype Matching for Transfusion in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 120, n. 21 (16 novembre 2012): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2287.2287.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 2287 High throughput genomic testing for blood groups allows large scale antigen typing and assessment of donor pool compatibility with chronic transfusion dependent populations, particularly thalassemia or sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, in order to decrease RBC alloimmunization. Thus, it is crucial to determine if the quantity and antigen diversity of the donor pool meets the demands to sustain these patients on phenotype/genotype extended matched chronic transfusion protocols. We calculated the most common extended RBC predicted phenotypes for the 12 major clinically significant blood group antigens, D, CcEe, K, Jka/b, Fya/b, and Ss, in patients undergoing chronic transfusion for sickle cell disease (n=203) or thalassemia (n=98). The most common phenotypes in each diagnostic group were used to determine the prevalence of these phenotypes in a single day donor inventory (n=5,000) and stratified by ethnic group (70% Caucasian, 10% African-American, 13% Hispanic, 5% Asian, and 2% Other). All patient samples were tested for the presence of the GATA mutation which disrupts erythroid expression of Fy(b), and if present deemed not at risk for Fy(b) alloimmunization. The majority of patients with SCD and thalassemia are RhD positive (97% and 90% respectively), but differ in extended Rh phenotype, with Ro (Dce) prevalent in SCD pa tients (61%), and R1 (DCe) in thalassemia patients (79%). For patients with SCD, the most prevalent antigen-negative phenotypes were 17% C-E-K-,Fy(a-),Jk(b-), S-; 9% C-E-K-, Fy(a-),S-; 5% E-K-,Fy(a-),S-; and 4% C-K-,Fy(a-), Jk(b-), S-. In patients with thalassemia, no minor antigen profile exceeded 5% of individuals. The most prevalent antigen-negative profiles were 5% E-c-K-, Fy(b-),Jk(b-),S-, and 4% E-K-. Comparison of the most prevalent antigen-negative phenotype in patients with SCD with the donors revealed only 0.06% Caucasian (n=2), but 20% of the African-American donors (n=90) were antigen-negative matches. For the second most prevalent phenotype, 0.08% Caucasian (n=3) and 33% of African-American (n=167), 2% of Hispanic (n=13), and 5% other (n=5) were antigen-negative matches. For the third and fourth prevalent phenotypes, 47% of African-American (n=233) and 23% (n=115) respectively, were antigen-negative matches, while only 0.14% (n=5) and 0.06% (n=2) of Caucasians, but 5% (n=31) and 2% (n=13) of Hispanic donors were appropriate matches, respectively. For the thalassemia patients, antigen matches for the most common phenotype were found most often in Asian (13%) and donors identifying as “other” (6%). Matches were present in only 2% of the Caucasians, 2% of Hispanics, and 1.8% of African-American donors for thalassemia patients. These results confirmed the importance and impact of African-American donors for extended antigen-matching for patients with SCD. Less than 1% of our Caucasian donors could serve as extended matching for SCD. Nearly 20% of patients with SCD are negative for a common group of antigens, which allows future donor recruitment efforts focused on extended antigen profiles of the donor. Patients with thalassemia do not have a common antigen-negative profile, but extended matching for these patients can be improved by increase recruitment of Asian donors. High throughput genotyping enables typing of large numbers of donors, and potentially the majority of the donor inventory. Analysis of antigen-negative phenotypes in the donor pool with analysis of patient groups is important for inventory management, focused donor recruitment, and improved transfusion practice by avoiding alloimmunization. Disclosures: Stassinopoulos: Cerus: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.
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Johnsen, Jill M., Gayle T. Teramura, Samantha Harris e Meghan Delaney. "Discrepancies Between SNPs and Serology in Calling Blood Types in Asian and Native American Blood Donors". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1552.1552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction: Blood types result from genetic variation at blood group genes which directs the expression of blood group antigens on red blood cells. Determination of blood types is clinically important, as blood type mismatches can instigate potentially life-threatening allo-immune responses in transfusion recipients, transplant patients, and pregnant women. Blood types present in Asian American and Native American populations but rare or absent in the blood donor inventory, which is largely European American, can pose significant challenges to effective transfusion and pre-transfusion testing. We sought to more deeply characterize the blood type diversity present in Asian and Native Americans. Methods: Consenting blood donors self-identified to be of Asian or Native American descent were eligible. Conventional serologic methods were used determine C, Jka, Jkb, M, and N blood types. Genotyping was performed with a blood type SNP array (HEA Beadchip, BioArray Solutions) to genetically assign c, C, e, E, K, k, Kpa, Kpb, Jsa, Jsb, Jka, Jkb, Fya, Fyb, , M, N, S, s, Lua, Lub, Dia, Dib, Coa, Cob, Doa, Dob, Joa, Hy, LWa, LWb, Sc1, and Sc2. For both methods, blood type was designated as positive + (consistent with presence of a blood group antigen) or negative 0 (consistent with absence of a blood group antigen). A SNP-serology discrepancy was defined as a + assignment by one method and a 0 by the other. Ambiguous SNP determinations were called + or 0 based upon relative signal intensities using established algorithms whenever possible; if not possible, the SNP-determined blood types were designated either inconclusive (IC) or low signal (LS). Results: A total of 8454 Asian and Native American blood donors representing 9 distinct ethnic groups were included in the study. As expected, the frequencies of rare and uncommon blood types differed between ethnic groups and in comparison to Europeans. Overall, 4.7% of blood donors studied exhibited one or more SNP-serology discrepancies for the four blood types tested by both methods (Table 1). The frequency of discrepancies was widely variable between blood types and between study populations (Figure 1), reaching as high as 5.4% for N (in Southeast Asians) and 7.2% for Jkb (in Pacific Islander/Hawaiians). We additionally observed patterns in IC and LS calls which varied between blood types and between ethnicities, suggesting that underlying genetic variation may contribute to inconclusive or low signal SNP results. Conclusions: We characterized 8454 Asian and Native American blood donors for blood type by serology and with SNPs. As expected, we observed variation in the frequencies of blood type SNPs both between study populations and in comparison to Europeans. With additional testing, we found that 4.7% of donors exhibited discrepancies between SNP-predicted and serology-detected blood type, and that the frequencies of discrepancies varied between ethnic groups. We hypothesize that clinically relevant blood group gene variants were not accurately predicted using this SNP approach due to underlying genetic diversity at blood group loci in these populations. We propose that a more comprehensive approach, such as DNA sequencing, would characterize blood group gene variants in individuals of Asian and Native American heritage, as well as other genetically diverse populations. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Pradeep, Agimol, Paula Ormandy, Titus Augustine, Gurch Randhawa e Mark Whitling. "Attitudes and beliefs regarding organ donation among South Asian people in the UK". Journal of Kidney Care 4, n. 4 (2 luglio 2019): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jokc.2019.4.4.184.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is an acute shortage of organ donors in the UK, specifically among South Asian communities. This article reports the findings from the largest ever study undertaken among South Asian people in the UK that seeks to explore attitudes and beliefs towards organ donation. This article highlights that seemingly intractable factors, such as religion and culture, are often tied to more complex issues, such as distrust in the medical system and lack of awareness, that contribute to the shortage of organ donors among South Asian communities in the UK
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Ahmed, Ahmed, Anna Winterbottom, John Stoves, Shenaz Ahmed e Sunil Daga. "Factors Impacting Conversations with Friends and Family about Living Kidney Donation". Physician 7, n. 1 (27 febbraio 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/1.7.1.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal modality of renal replacement therapy for advanced kidney disease. It is associated with superior recipient and graft survival, a better quality of life and self-reported health status compared to dialysis. Living kidney donation occurs less frequently in members of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities in Western countries. This scoping review explores the factors affecting the ability of patients (and health professionals) to initiate conversations about living kidney donation with family and friends, with a focus on BAME population groups. Methods 208 published articles were identified from online databases using keywords: ‘barriers’, ‘decision making’, ‘living donor’, and ‘kidney transplantation. Studies limited to donors or involving paediatric recipients were excluded, Results There were 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 studies included BAME communities. Participants of South Asian ethnicity were underrepresented. Key themes were; 1) lack of knowledge 2) risk perception 3) fear of financial burden on donors 4) guilt 5) religious and cultural influences and 6) mistrust of the medical establishment. There were noticeable differences in ethnicity, in the level of knowledge, risk perception and fear of financial burden. Religious/cultural reservations and medical mistrust were only reported in people from BAME populations. Two studies explored health professionals’ views. Discussion This literature review has identified different barriers to the pursuit of living kidney donation, some of which are linked to ethnicity. This study informs the development of a patient decision aid to support people to have conversations with potential donors, with a particular focus on South Asian groups, the second largest ethnic group in the UK.
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Gleadall, Nicholas S., Barbera Veldhuisen, Jeremy Gollub, Adam S. Butterworth, John Ord, Christopher J. Penkett, Tiffany C. Timmer et al. "Development and validation of a universal blood donor genotyping platform: a multinational prospective study". Blood Advances 4, n. 15 (4 agosto 2020): 3495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Each year, blood transfusions save millions of lives. However, under current blood-matching practices, sensitization to non–self-antigens is an unavoidable adverse side effect of transfusion. We describe a universal donor typing platform that could be adopted by blood services worldwide to facilitate a universal extended blood-matching policy and reduce sensitization rates. This DNA-based test is capable of simultaneously typing most clinically relevant red blood cell (RBC), human platelet (HPA), and human leukocyte (HLA) antigens. Validation was performed, using samples from 7927 European, 27 South Asian, 21 East Asian, and 9 African blood donors enrolled in 2 national biobanks. We illustrated the usefulness of the platform by analyzing antibody data from patients sensitized with multiple RBC alloantibodies. Genotyping results demonstrated concordance of 99.91%, 99.97%, and 99.03% with RBC, HPA, and HLA clinically validated typing results in 89 371, 3016, and 9289 comparisons, respectively. Genotyping increased the total number of antigen typing results available from 110 980 to >1 200 000. Dense donor typing allowed identification of 2 to 6 times more compatible donors to serve 3146 patients with multiple RBC alloantibodies, providing at least 1 match for 176 individuals for whom previously no blood could be found among the same donors. This genotyping technology is already being used to type thousands of donors taking part in national genotyping studies. Extraction of dense antigen-typing data from these cohorts provides blood supply organizations with the opportunity to implement a policy of genomics-based precision matching of blood.
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Ciubotariu, Rodica, Michal J. Tarnawski, Ludy Dobrila, Maria S. Albano, Andromachi Scaradavou e Pablo Rubinstein. "History of Hepatitis B Infection Is the Most Common Risk Factor Impacting Eligibility in Minority Donors for Cord Blood". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2453.2453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Cord blood (CB) is an accepted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell source and has increased access to transplantation particularly for minority patients (Barker et al, BBMT 2010; 16: 1541-48). As a result, one of the aims of the CB Banks is to increase collections from minority donors. Before the acceptance of any Cord Blood Unit (CBU) in the searchable inventory for potential use in clinical transplantation, FDA requires donor eligibility assignment, as mandated by the 2005 published guidelines, and licensure. Objective and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the eligibility assignment on the CBU collected during the period 4/2013-3/2014 (one fiscal year) in six collection sites of the National Cord Blood Program (NCBP) at the New York Blood Center. Three of the collection sites are located in the New York area, and the other three in each of the following states: Atlanta, GA, Cleveland, OH, and Fairfax, VA. All CBU that met criteria for banking were evaluated for eligibility; CBU with positive maternal infectious disease markers for HIV, HCV, HBV and HTLV were discarded according to the FDA Guidelines. We grouped the reasons for ineligibility in six risk factor categories, as listed in Table 1. We further looked at race/ethnic background of the mothers and the various risk factors and impact on donor eligibility. Results: From a total of 1826 CBU placed in the NCBP searchable inventory during the study period, 1597 (87%) were qualified as eligible, whereas 237 (13%) were assigned as ineligible. 1567 eligible CBU (85.5%) met all other FDA licensure criteria and became licensed HEMACORD®, whereas the ineligible CBU, or eligible with parameters below the FDA specifications were Investigational New Drug (IND) products (N=259 or 14%). Table 1 Reasons for ineligibility for CBU % #1. Mother immigrated from, or lived in Europe 50.6% #2. Mother with anti-HB Core reactive, HBsAg negative, HBV PCR nonreactive 24.4% #3. High risk behavior in mother (incarcerated during pregnancy, etc) 9.7% #4. Transfusion in pregnancy, severe autoimmune disease 4.6% #5. Chorioamnionitis diagnosis in mother 3.7% #6. Other (isolated events) 6.75% Note: HBV PCR was performed using Procleix Ultrio assay (Gen Probe, Inc.) Abstract 2453. Table 2 Race N Reason #1 Reason #2 Reason #3 Reason #4 Reason #5 Reason #6 White 116 77.5% 13.7% 7.75% 3.45% 1.72% 4.3% Asian 37 35% 54% 2.7% 0% 2.7% 5.4% African American 42 9.5% 36% 19% 13.5% 9.5% 13% Multi-race 41 54% 17% 12% 4.8% 4.8% 7.3% Pacific Islander 1 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Results and discussion: In our cohort of 237 ineligible CBU, the racial distribution was as follows: 49% came from White donors, 16% from Asian, 18% from African American and 17% from Multi-Race donors. The two leading causes for donor’s ineligibility in our cohort were the risk of vCJD associated with maternal immigration/extended residence in a European country, or in American military base in Europe (51% of the cases), and presence of anti-HB Core Ab with HBV DNA negative results (24.5%). The percentage of ineligible CBU within total number of donations from each individual racial group was as follows: White: 12%; Asian: 17%; African American: 11% and Multi Race: 16%. This finding is in contrast with published data where African American donors were significantly less likely to be eligible to donate whole blood (Shaz BH et al, Transfusion 2012 52(5); 1050-61). It is important to note that the presence of positive anti-HB Core Ab was the leading cause for ineligibility among Asian (54%), and African American donors (36%). None of these donors were positive for HBV DNA indicating absence of viremia. Conclusion: In contrast to blood donors, CBU from ineligible donors can be used for transplantation as IND products, rather than being deferred, provided there is an urgent medical need. History of hepatitis B infection is a common risk factor in minority donors but viremia has not been demonstrated. On the other hand, “reluctance” to use these CBU in clinical practice impacts primarily minority patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Vasu, Sumithira, Yu Y. Yau, John F. Tisdale, Matthew Hsieh, Richard W. Childs, A. John Barrett, Daniel Fowler et al. "Factors Affecting Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization in a Large, Ethnically, Diverse Population." Blood 110, n. 11 (16 novembre 2007): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3283.3283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Reliable prediction of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization is useful in allogeneic PBSC transplantation, since yield may impact transplant outcomes and alter the approach to ex-vivo cell processing. Existing models to predict CD34 mobilization conflict and no studies have been conducted in a large, ethnically diverse population. Study Design: We studied 598 consecutive allogeneic PBSC collections performed in normal donors at least 18 years of age between 1999 and 2006. Mobilization consisted of subcutaneous G-CSF at either 10 ug/kg/d or 8 ug/kg/BID followed by large volume leukapheresis (LVL) on day 5. Within this group, 270 donors underwent an additional LVL (mean 12L) to collect lymphocytes within 2 days prior to initiation of mobilization. The lymphocyte collection was performed for potential future donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Donor demographics, self-reported ethnic backgrounds, PBSC yields and additional laboratory data were recorded for each procedure. Results: The study included 392 Caucasian (C), 65 African American (AA), 109 Hispanic (H) and 32 Asian Pacific (AP) adult donors (Table 1). There were no differences in gender distribution between groups; C donors were significantly older, while AP donors had lower BMI compared to other groups. Peak peripheral blood CD34 counts after mobilization were significantly lower in C donors compared to AA, H and AP donors (79 vs 105, 94 and 97 cells per uL, p<0.01), and were higher in donors with higher pre-G-CSF platelet counts and higher total doses of G-CSF received. Donors who underwent PBSC collection following a prior lymphapheresis also had significantly higher CD34 counts than donors who did not (95 vs 78 per uL, p<0.002). In multivariate analysis, ethnicity, total G-CSF dose, pre-G-CSF platelet count, and performance of prior LVL for DLI collection were significantly associated with CD34 mobilization. Conclusion: This study provides new information on factors which impact CD34 mobilization, which may be of potential benefit during planning for PBSC collection and subsequent cell processing. Table 1. Donor demographics, peripheral blood CD34 counts and CD34 yields Characteristic All Caucasian African−American Hispanic Asian−Pacific P* *For ANOVA comparison among all groups. **Absolute number of circulating CD34 cells in peripheral blood per uL measured after 5 days of G-CSF mobilization and prior to apheresis. *** Total CD34 yield per Liter processed during LVL N 598 392 65 109 32 % Male 51 51 52 50 50 ns Age (yrs) 40 ±13 43 ±13 38±10 35±12 36±12 <0.05 Weight (kg) 79±18 80±19 82±16 75±17 68±16 <0.01 Height (cm) 170±10 172±10 172±10 166±10 166±11 <0.05 BMI (kg/m2) 27±5 27±5 28±5 27±5 25±5 <0.05 Peripheral blood CD34 (per uL)** 86±52 79±49 105±58 94±49 97±73 <0.01 CD34 yield (106/L)*** 35±22 33±21 43±27 35±20 37±25 <0.01
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Gocha, Timothy P., Sophia R. Mavroudas e Daniel J. Wescott. "The Texas State Donated Skeletal Collection at the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State". Forensic Sciences 2, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State (FACTS) began accepting whole-body donations for scientific research and educational purposes under the Texas Anatomical Gift Act in 2008. Research conducted with donated whole bodies involves studies in taphonomy and human decomposition, including reconstructing the postmortem interval. Following decomposition, the skeletal elements of all donors are collected, cleaned, and permanently curated into the Texas State Donated Skeletal Collection (TXSTDSC), which is used for teaching and research by faculty and students at Texas State but is also open to external researchers. To date, FACTS has received 710 donors. Fifty-eight percent of donors are male and 42% are female. Donor ages range from 21 weeks’ gestation to 103 years old at the time of death, with a mean of 66 years, and a median of 68 years. Based on self-identified or family-identified ancestry, 90% of donors are White, 4.5% are Hispanic, 3% are Black, less than 2% are of mixed ancestry, and less than 1% are Asian or Native American. Information collected about each donor includes geographic/residential history; occupational history; socioeconomic status; anthropometrics; parity status; alcohol, tobacco, and drug use history; mobility status; an overall health questionnaire; cause and manner of death.
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Allain, Jean-Pierre, Shirley Owusu-Ofori, Xianlin Ye, Cyrille Bisseye, Mira El Chaar e Chengyao Li. "Hepatitis B Virus Chronic Infection in Blood Donors from Asian and African High or Medium Prevalence Areas: Comparison According to Sex". Viruses 14, n. 4 (24 marzo 2022): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040673.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Immune control of various infectious diseases, particularly viral, was shown to be more efficient for females than males. Response to viral vaccines (HAV, HBV) was higher in females. Data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers accumulated over 15 years in blood donors was stratified according to sex, including HBsAg, HBV viral load and levels of anti-HBs in areas where genotypes B and C (China), genotype D (Iran, Lebanon, Tunisia) and genotype E (Ghana, Burkina Faso, Gabon) were prevalent. HBsAg was screened by either ELISA or rapid tests, anti-HBc and anti-HBs by ELISA, HBV DNA load by a standardized method across sites. In Ghanaian children less than 5 years, HBV DNA load was significantly lower in females than in males (p = 0.035). In China, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Gabon blood donors, median HBsAg prevalence was ~5% and 3% in China, ~8.5% and 4.5% in Gabon, ~16% and 11% in Burkina Faso and ~11% and 7% in Ghana for male and female donors, respectively (p < 0.001). In HBsAg+ Ghanaian blood donors, distribution and median viral load were not significantly different between sexes; occult hepatitis B infections (OBI) were significantly more frequent in males. In Chinese blood donor anti-HBc+ and anti-HBs+, anti-HBs levels tended to be higher in males but vaccinated donors’ anti-HBs+ only, while anti-HBs levels were females > males. In areas where genotypes B-E are dominant, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+) seems better controlled before age 16–18 by females infected vertically or horizontally. OBIs appear considerably more frequent in men, suggesting lower efficacy of HBV infection control. Female blood donors appear significantly safer from HBV than males, and their donation should be encouraged.
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Bryant, Barbara J., Julie A. Hopkins e Susan F. Leitman. "Evaluation of Low Mean Corpuscular Volume in an Apheresis Donor Population." Blood 108, n. 11 (16 novembre 2006): 4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4136.4136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Donors of apheresis blood components are routinely evaluated with a complete blood count (CBC) at the time of each donation. In otherwise healthy donors, recurrent low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values (< 80 fL) in the presence of an acceptable hemoglobin (≥ 12.5 gm/dL) could be due to iron deficiency or to an hemoglobinopathy, such as alpha thalassemia trait or a beta chain variant trait. Iron deficiency in repeat blood donors may warrant treatment with oral iron supplementation, whereas donors with hemoglobinopathies in the absence of iron deficiency do not need treatment. Pre-donation samples for CBC (Cell-Dyn 4000, Abbott) were obtained from all apheresis donors donating platelets, plasma, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. MCV values <80 fL were electronically flagged via a donor database module for review by medical staff. Donors with MCV ≤ 80 fL on two or more occasions were evaluated for iron deficiency and the presence of hemoglobinopathies. CBC, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, percent transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed at the time of a subsequent donation. Iron deficiency was defined as values below the reference range for ferritin or transferrin saturation. Alpha thalassemia trait was presumed if the red blood cell count was elevated, no variant hemoglobins were detected by electrophoresis, and the ferritin, percent transferrin saturation, serum iron, and transferrin levels were all within normal ranges. In a one-year period, 25 of 1333 healthy apheresis donors had a low MCV on more than one occasion. Donors with low MCV were more likely to be African American (AA) (12 of 25, 48%) or Asian (2 of 25, 8%) compared with donors without a low MCV (AA 193 of 1308, 15%; Asian 37 of 1308, 3%). Iron deficiency was present in 60% (15 of 25) of the low-MCV donors: 36% (9) had isolated iron deficiency, 20% (5) had iron deficiency with probable alpha thalassemia trait, and 4% (1) had hemoglobin C trait with coexistent iron deficiency. Hemoglobinopathy without concomitant iron deficiency was found in 40% (10 of 25) of the low-MCV donors and included 24% (6) with presumed alpha thalassemia trait, 4% (1) with hemoglobin S trait and single gene deletion alpha thalassemia trait (hemoglobin S concentration 34%), 4% (1) with hemoglobin S trait and double gene deletion alpha thalassemia trait (hemoglobin S concentration 28%), 4% (1) with hemoglobin Lepore trait, and 4% (1) with hemoglobin G-Philadelphia trait with at least a single gene deletion alpha thalassemia trait (hemoglobin G-Philadelphia concentration 36%). Although the combination of MCV, hemoglobin, and red cell count available from the routine CBC were often helpful in discriminating iron deficiency from hemoglobinopathy, the frequent coexistence of both processes resulted in a need for further laboratory evaluation, both before and after iron repletion, to confirm the diagnosis. In a sample of American repeat apheresis donors, iron deficiency is present in the majority with recurrent low MCV values and hemoglobin levels ≥ 12.5 gm/dL. Concurrent hemoglobinopathy is also commonly present but may not be easily recognized in the setting of iron deficiency. The MCV is a useful screening tool to detect iron deficiency in a repeat blood donor population, however low MCV values should be further investigated in the blood donor setting to determine if iron replacement therapy is indicated.
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Morishima, Yasuo, Takakazu Kawase, Satoko Morishima, Mari Malkki, Stephen R. Spellman, Andrea Velardi e Effie W. Petersdorf. "Impact of Donor-Recipient Ethnicity On Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Leukemia Relapse and Survival in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From HLA-Compatible Unrelated Donors. A Report From the International Histocompatibility Workshop Group." Blood 114, n. 22 (20 novembre 2009): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.871.871.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 871 Introduction: The association of ethnicity with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after HLA identical sibling bone marrow transplantation is well documented. However, there has been no international analysis for the association of ethnicity in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from unrelated donors. The large scale international unrelated HSCT International Histocompatibility Workshop Group (IHWG) dataset provides a unique opportunity to compare the clinical outcomes according to donor-recipient ethnicity. Patients and methods: Of the 16,198 pairs in the IHWG database, 5543 patient/donor pairs met the following 3 criteria and were included in this analysis: (1) HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 allele matched donor; (2) diagnosis of leukemia or myelo-dysplastic syndrome, and (3) non-T cell depleted GVHD prophylaxis. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of the ethnicity on clinical outcomes considering factors as confounders including HLA-DPB1 matching, disease, leukemia risk, donor age, patient age, gender, GVHD prophylaxis and conditioning regimen. A subset of pairs who shared HLA alleles with those of common European or Japanese HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 haplotype were further analyzed for transplant outcomes. Results: The number of pairs and hazard risk (HR) of aGVHD, leukemia relapse and overall survival (mortality) after transplantation by ethnic group are shown in the table. Asian/Pacific pairs (n=2062) showed lower incidence of acute GVHD (39.2% of grade 2-4 and 15.0% of grade 3-4) than that of Caucasian pairs (55.2% of grade 2-4 and 21.9% of grade 3-4) significantly (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that HR of aGVHD, leukemia relapse and mortality in Caucasian pairs was significantly higher compared with Asian/Pacific pairs. Although the number of Hispanic pairs and Black pairs is small, the HR of mortality in these pairs is significantly higher than Asian/Pacific pairs. The incidence of aGVHD in pairs sharing HLA alleles with either 2 common Japanese HLA haplotypes was significantly lower than that in pairs sharing HLA alleles with any 4 common European HLA haplotypes. Conclusion and discussion: As clinical factors and HLA matching were adjusted statistically, these different outcomes between ethnic groups might be attributable to the genetic background of ethnic group. As most Asian/Pacific pairs (2039 out of 2062) were Japanese registered from the Japan Marrow Donor Program, the data is representative of the Japanese population rather than Asian/Pacific ethnicities as a whole. The results from this analysis provide a platform for future international analyses of unrelated HSCT outcomes and for the international exchange of unrelated donors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Paling, Willem. "Planning a Future for Phnom Penh: Mega Projects, Aid Dependence and Disjointed Governance". Urban Studies 49, n. 13 (2 agosto 2012): 2889–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098012452457.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents an analysis of the growth and diversification of international involvement in urban planning and development in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Over the past decade, a multiplicity of mainly intra-Asian connections have emerged alongside the continued involvement of Western donor aid. The paper shows how various forms of international finance capital, development capital and local capital vie for influence amongst a loose assemblage of alliances and conflicts linking elements of the Cambodian government, international donors and Cambodian and intra-Asian private-sector actors. The paper highlights the on-going efforts of government–private-sector alliances to ‘world’ Phnom Penh and to assert a greater claim to its significance in the world. These desires are seen to have overridden plans produced in partnership with the development sector. Attention is drawn to the intra-Asian mobilities through which these processes operate and which, in doing so, contribute to the on-going unsettling of existing geographies of urban knowledge.
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Pek, X. W. G., L. Y. C. Ngoh, B. W. Teo, A. Vathsala, Y. S. B. Goh, H. R. C. Yong, L. N. M. Raman e H. Y. Tiong. "Visceral obesity in living kidney Asian donors significantly impacts on renal function after donor nephrectomy". European Urology Supplements 16, n. 3 (marzo 2017): e1758-e1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(17)31059-x.
Testo completo
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Pek, Gregory Xiang Wen, Clara Lee Ying Ngoh, Boon Wee Teo, Anantharaman Vathsala, Benjamin Yen Seow Goh, Clement Hsiang Rong Yong, Lata Raman e Ho Yee Tiong. "Visceral obesity in Asian living kidney donors significantly impacts early renal function after donor nephrectomy". World Journal of Urology 37, n. 10 (19 novembre 2018): 2231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2566-2.
Testo completo
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Bessey, Donata, e Michelle Palumbarit. "Comparing South Korea and Germany’s official development assistance projects in climate protection in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam". International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, n. 5 (21 novembre 2016): 613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-06-2015-0077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This explorative study aims to compare and analyze the behavior of a traditional and an emerging donor, namely, Germany and South Korea, in the field of climate change-related official development assistance (ODA). It analyzes their ODA projects in 2013 in four Southeast Asian countries severely affected by climate change, namely, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. It also adapts the existing framework to categorize ODA allocation according to receiving countries’ need and merit and donors’ self-interest. Design/methodology/approach The paper first describes both countries’ policies and activities. It then uses a country’s vulnerability to climate change as a measure of its need, its climate change readiness as a measure of its merit and its bilateral trade volume in environmental goods with donor countries as a measure of donors’ self-interest to analyze the allocation of climate-related ODA. Findings Results suggest that Korean ODA in the field of climate protection is driven more by receiving countries’ need and merit, but self-interest seems to be important for both donors. In addition, many projects labeled as adaptation or mitigation projects only have a weak link to these goals. There are limitations to the present paper. First, it could only analyze projects in 2013 because there are no earlier project data available in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Creditor Reporting System. Second, because of the simplifying assumptions of the need–merit–self-interest framework, possible other determinants of aid allocation were deliberately ignored. Finally, this explorative study is restricted to four vulnerable countries in Southeast Asia. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to compare a traditional and an emerging donor’s behavior and to explore the allocation of climate-related ODA using the need–merit–self-interest framework.
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Delaney, Meghan, Samantha Harris, Askale Haile, Jill Johnsen, Gayle Teramura e Karen Nelson. "Red blood cell antigen genotype analysis for 9087 Asian, Asian American, and Native American blood donors". Transfusion 55, n. 10 (28 maggio 2015): 2369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.13163.
Testo completo
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Ginossar, Tamar, Julian Benavidez, Zachary D. Gillooly, Aarti Kanwal Attreya, Hieu Nguyen e Joshua Bentley. "Ethnic/Racial, Religious, and Demographic Predictors of Organ Donor Registration Status Among Young Adults in the Southwestern United States". Progress in Transplantation 27, n. 1 (20 settembre 2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924816665367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context and Setting: New Mexico (NM) is a minority–majority state. Despite its unique cultural characteristics and documented ethnic/racial disparities in deceased organ donation (DOD), past studies did not explore predictors of organ donor registration status (ODRS) in this state. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying demographic, cultural, and religious predictors of ODRS among a diverse sample of young adults in NM. Design: This study focused on recruitment of American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American participants through online social network sites and university listservs. Participants (N = 602) answered an online survey. The largest racial/ethnic group included American Indians (n = 200). Main outcome measures included ODRS, demographics, religious affiliation, and open-ended question on reasons for objections to DOD. Results: Race/ethnicity, religion, and educational attainment were significant predictors of ODRS. Non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) were most likely to be registered as donors, with no significant difference between NHWs and Asians or Pacific Islanders. Non-Catholic Christians were most likely to be registered donors, followed by Catholics, practitioners of American Indian/Native American traditional religions, and Hindus, with Buddhists the least likely to register. This pattern was consistent with the propensity of individuals from these religious groups to cite religious objections to DOD. Finally, respondents who had graduated from high schools in NM were 2.3 times less likely to be registered as organ donors compared to those who had graduated in other states. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the need for culturally tailored interventions targeting diverse communities in NM.
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Al Ammary, Fawaz, Xun Luo, Abimereki D. Muzaale, Allan B. Massie, Deidra C. Crews, Madeleine M. Waldram, Mohamud A. Qadi et al. "Risk of ESKD in Older Live Kidney Donors with Hypertension". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, n. 7 (25 giugno 2019): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.14031118.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and objectivesHypertension in older kidney donor candidates is viewed as safe. However, hypertension guidelines have evolved and long-term outcomes have not been explored. We sought to quantify the 15-year risk of ESKD and mortality in older donors (≥50 years old) with versus those without hypertension.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA United States cohort of 24,533 older donors from 1999 to 2016, including 2265 with predonation hypertension, were linked to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data and the Social Security Death Master File to ascertain ESKD development and mortality. The exposure of interest was predonation hypertension. From 2004 to 2016, hypertension was defined as documented predonation use of antihypertensive therapy, regardless of systolic BP or diastolic BP; from 1999 to 2003, when there was no documentation of antihypertensive therapy, hypertension was defined as predonation systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.ResultsOlder donors were 82% white, 6% black, 7% Hispanic, and 3% Asian. The median follow-up was 7.1 years (interquartile range, 3.4–11.1; maximum, 18). There were 24 ESKD and 252 death events during the study period. The 15-year risk of ESKD was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.4 to 1.6) for donors with hypertension (mean systolic BP, 138 mm Hg) versus 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4) for donors without hypertension (mean systolic BP, 123 mm Hg; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.22; P=0.01). When predonation antihypertensive therapy was available, the risk of ESKD was 6.21-fold higher (95% CI, 1.20 to 32.17; P=0.03) for donors using antihypertensive therapy (mean systolic BP, 132 mm Hg) versus those not using antihypertensive therapy (mean systolic BP, 124 mm Hg). There was no significant association between donor hypertension and 15-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.66; P=0.34).ConclusionsCompared with older donors without hypertension, older donors with hypertension had higher risk of ESKD, but not mortality, for 15 years postdonation. However, the absolute risk of ESKD was small.
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Singer, Sylvia T., Vivian Wu, Robert Mignacca, Frans A. Kuypers, Phyllis Morel e Elliott P. Vichinsky. "Alloimmunization and erythrocyte autoimmunization in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of predominantly Asian descent". Blood 96, n. 10 (15 novembre 2000): 3369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.10.3369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The development of hemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. The frequency, causes, and prevention of this phenomena among 64 transfused thalassemia patients (75% Asian) were evaluated. The effect of red blood cell (RBC) phenotypic differences between donors (mostly white) and Asian recipients on the frequency of alloimmunization was determined. Additional transfusion and patient immune factors were examined. 14 (22%) of 64 patients (75% Asian) became alloimmunized. A mismatched RBC phenotype between the white population, comprising the majority of the donor pool, and that of the Asian recipients, was found for K, c, S, and Fyb antigens, which accounts for 38% of the alloantibodies among Asian patients. Patients who had a splenectomy had a higher rate of alloimmunization than patients who did not have a splenectomy (36% vs 12.8%; P = .06). Erythrocyte autoantibodies, as determined by a positive Coombs test, developed in 25% or 16 of the 64 patients, thereby causing severe hemolytic anemia in 3 of 16 patients. Of these 16, 11 antibodies were typed immunoglobulin G [IgG], and 5 were typed IgM. Autoimmunization was associated with alloimmunization and with the absence of spleen (44% and 56%, respectively). Transfused RBCs had abnormal deformability profiles, more prominent in the patients without a spleen, which possibly stimulated antibody production. Transfusion of phenotypically matched blood for the Rh and Kell (leukodepleted in 92%) systems compared to blood phenotypically matched for the standard ABO-D system (leukodepleted in 60%) proved to be effective in preventing alloimmunization (2.8% vs 33%; P = .0005). Alloimmunization and autoimmunization are common, serious complications in Asian thalassemia patients, who are affected by donor-recipient RBC antigen mismatch and immunological factors.
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Singer, Sylvia T., Vivian Wu, Robert Mignacca, Frans A. Kuypers, Phyllis Morel e Elliott P. Vichinsky. "Alloimmunization and erythrocyte autoimmunization in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of predominantly Asian descent". Blood 96, n. 10 (15 novembre 2000): 3369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.10.3369.h8003369_3369_3373.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of hemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. The frequency, causes, and prevention of this phenomena among 64 transfused thalassemia patients (75% Asian) were evaluated. The effect of red blood cell (RBC) phenotypic differences between donors (mostly white) and Asian recipients on the frequency of alloimmunization was determined. Additional transfusion and patient immune factors were examined. 14 (22%) of 64 patients (75% Asian) became alloimmunized. A mismatched RBC phenotype between the white population, comprising the majority of the donor pool, and that of the Asian recipients, was found for K, c, S, and Fyb antigens, which accounts for 38% of the alloantibodies among Asian patients. Patients who had a splenectomy had a higher rate of alloimmunization than patients who did not have a splenectomy (36% vs 12.8%; P = .06). Erythrocyte autoantibodies, as determined by a positive Coombs test, developed in 25% or 16 of the 64 patients, thereby causing severe hemolytic anemia in 3 of 16 patients. Of these 16, 11 antibodies were typed immunoglobulin G [IgG], and 5 were typed IgM. Autoimmunization was associated with alloimmunization and with the absence of spleen (44% and 56%, respectively). Transfused RBCs had abnormal deformability profiles, more prominent in the patients without a spleen, which possibly stimulated antibody production. Transfusion of phenotypically matched blood for the Rh and Kell (leukodepleted in 92%) systems compared to blood phenotypically matched for the standard ABO-D system (leukodepleted in 60%) proved to be effective in preventing alloimmunization (2.8% vs 33%; P = .0005). Alloimmunization and autoimmunization are common, serious complications in Asian thalassemia patients, who are affected by donor-recipient RBC antigen mismatch and immunological factors.
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Dunwoody, Roisin, Richard Szydlo, Linda Casey, John Davis, Susan LLoyd, Ian H. Gabriel, Katayoun Rezvani e Jane F. Apperley. "Variations In Efficiency of Donor Searches Between International Unrelated Blood and Marrow Donor Registries." Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1524.1524.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 1524 The websites of the WMDA and BMDW list almost 100 registries providing volunteer unrelated donor (VUD) stem cells to the transplant community. A minority of these registries have completed a formal accreditation process although the majority of donors (>80%) in BMDW are contained within WMDA accredited registries. As a user of these registry services we were interested to assess variations in the efficiency of services in order to optimise our own search process and maximise our ability to transplant patients who might benefit in a timely manner. Within a national health service we are careful to contain costs and are aware that not only does the level of HLA typing of individual donors differ between registries but the costs of, and time to, obtaining confirmatory samples and the costs of eventual stem cell procurement also vary considerably. Since January 2004 we have maintained a comprehensive database to follow the progress of VUD searches in our institution. During this time searches were commenced for 193 patients (139 Caucasian, 15 African-Caribbean, 24 Asian and 15 mixed-race), and donors identified for 149 (77%). After high resolution typing of the potential recipient our initial request goes to our national hub which then provides a list of possible donors worldwide, including known degree of match and registry source. The simple parameter of time to donor identification is heavily influenced by the transplant centre which often categorises recipients in degrees of urgency and was not thought to be a useful measure of efficiency. Instead we looked at the availability of, time to obtain, and value of (as defined by degree of matching), confirmatory tissue typing samples once the request had been initiated, in addition to normal measures of the quality of the received stem cell product. For the 193 patients we requested further samples from 1226 donors with a median number of requests per patient of 7 (range 1–20). We utilised 30 registries (median number of requests per registry (R/R) of 3, range 1–387), although some 50% of the requests went to only 5 registries with a median of 220 R/R, range 43–387. 806 confirmatory samples were received from 1226 requests (66%). Donor availability and the time to sample arrival were compared in the 5 most frequently utilised registries, hereafter known as registries A-E. The percentage of the requests that resulted in samples and the percentages of samples found to be HLA-matched were 76%, 72%, 70%, 67% and 53% and 31%, 41%, 40%, 46% and 28% from registries A,B,C,D and E respectively. The chance of obtaining a suitable HLA-matched donor was highest from registry D at 31% and lowest from registry E at 15%. Failure to supply a confirmatory sample is due to inability to contact the donor, temporary unavailability or donor refusal and was unacceptably high in registry E at 47%. The median times from request to sample arrival ranged from 15–22 days. We confirmed the difficulties in finding donors for non-Caucasian patients with fewer potential donors provided initially by our hub and a reduced chance of finding fully HLA matched donors (defined generously as 8/8 antigens matched). Such donors were found for 62%, 26%, 46% and 40% of Caucasian, African-Caribbean, Asian and mixed-race patients. 61 patients have been transplanted to date. No differences were found between the 5 registries in the hours to infusion, viability at infusion, volume collected, total nucleated cell counts, CD34+cell numbers or time to engraftment. Of the 88 patients for whom donors were found but no transplant has been performed, 72 remain alive on treatment. Many of these have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and are responding to second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The costs of obtaining samples varies from approximately $500-2000 per sample resulting in a range of 500 to several thousand dollars per patient. Cost cannot be recouped in our country if the transplant is not performed. As a result of this audit we have refined our search process using the initial search as a surrogate for the ease of finding a donor subsequently, so that full searches are only initiated in patients failing imatinib if they have few donors and/or donors with low resolution typing and focussing on those registries most likely to provide HLA-matched blood samples. Registries also have a responsibility to improve their service and minimise costs by focussing on donor retention and high resolution typing. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Marino, Natascia, Julia McCarty, Guanglong Jiang, Mariah L. Johnson, Teresa Mahin, Nicholas Scherer e Anna Maria Storniolo. "Genetic ancestry in normal breast tissue donors from the Susan G. Komen tissue bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2017): e13065-e13065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
e13065 Background: When studying complex diseases with a heritable component, such as breast cancer, chances of finding disease susceptibility genes can be increased by accounting for genetic ancestry within the population investigated. The limitation in using self-reported race to reveal population genetic substructure has been extensively reported. Therefore, we employed a panel of genetic polymorphisms, or Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs), to genetically determine the racial and ethnic background of the tissue donors in the KTB, the only existing biobank of breast tissue cores taken from healthy women. Methods: 4112 women donated breast tissue between 2006 and 2016, and also provided race and ethnicity information. We used a panel of 41 AIMs to estimate genetic ancestry and to maximize the difference between European/ Middle East (Caucasian, C), East Asia and Central/South Asia (Asian), African, and Hispanic populations. We employed the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method implemented in the program STRUCTURE 2.2. A reference set was obtained from the Human Genome Diversity Project. Results: In women self-identified as Black/African American (AA),White and Asian, the assigned genetic ancestry proportions were 93.8% African, 95% C and 96.6% Asian respectively, while the racial composition among the 318 self-identified Hispanics (of which only 178 were confirmed by the genetic ancestry) was 45.3% C, 5.3% African, and 14.7% Asian. Interestingly, 46.9% of the Asian population failed to report the racial background. This percentage was lower for C (1.3% ) and AA (0.5%). Women with African ancestry were younger (≤35 yrs) at the time of donation (24%), as compared to the C (32%) and Asian (33.7%) donors. The obesity rate (BMI > 30) is higher in the AA (60.6%) and C (36.6%), as compared to the Asian population (26.6%). Conclusions: A well-characterized genetic background of the normal breast tissue donors in the KTB will allow a more accurate examination of the association of the genetic ancestry with breast cancer events or risk factors with the ultimate goal of more fully understanding breast cancer racial disparities and their possible role in the risks for and outcomes of breast cancer.
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Ho, Cheng-Maw, Rey-Heng Hu e Po-Huang Lee. "Significance of Offspring Donors on Long-term Survival in Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Asian Experience". Transplantation 104, n. 10 (18 settembre 2020): e306-e306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000003351.
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Jerrard, Genna A., Jing Liu, Rosemary C. Case, Mahnaz Motevalli, Stephen G. Bolton, Karen E. King, John Beigel e J. Brooks Jackson. "Implications of Weight and Body Mass Index for Plasma Donation and Health". ISRN Hematology 2012 (14 novembre 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/937585.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study determined the percentage of potential plasma donors who could donate plasma in the 3 allowable plasma volume limit categories as specified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the association of the body mass index (BMI) of these individuals with age, blood pressure, oral temperature, and pulse. Of 315 plasma donors analyzed, 107 (34.0%) weighed between 110 and 149 lbs (50.0–67.7 kg), 89 (28.2%) weighed between 150 and174 lbs (68.2–79.1 kg), and 119 (37.8%) weighed >175 lbs (79.5 kg), theoretically allowing collection of an additional 101.4 liters (16% more plasma) from both heavier categories based on FDA standards for plasma donor quantities. BMI was positively associated with age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse (Pearson’s r=0.36, 0.24, and 0.18, resp., P values <0.05), but not with oral temperature. Average BMI for females was higher than for males (+1.8, P=0.01), and BMI for African Americans was higher than for White and Asian participants (+2.2 and +5.1, resp., Ps <0.05). A significant association was also found in the sex by race interaction with BMI (P=0.0004). Follow-up analyses suggested a significant difference in BMI by sex among African Americans, higher BMI among African American females than Asian and White males, and higher BMI among White females than African American males (Ps <0.05).
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Kanias, Tamir, Marion C. Lanteri, Grier P. Page, Yuelong Guo, Stacy M. Endres, Mars Stone, Sheila Keating et al. "Ethnicity, sex, and age are determinants of red blood cell storage and stress hemolysis: results of the REDS-III RBC-Omics study". Blood Advances 1, n. 15 (23 giugno 2017): 1132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Key Points Genetic and biological variability in blood donors may impact RBC predisposition to hemolysis during cold storage and after transfusion. Male sex, Asian or African American racial background, and older age (>45 years) are significant modifiers of hemolysis.
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Hsu, Jack W., John R. Wingard, Brent R. Logan, Pintip Chitphakdithai, Bronwen E. Shaw, Steven C. Goldstein, Paul V. O’Donnell e Dennis L. Confer. "Influence Of Race and Ethnicity On The Collection Of G-CSF Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells From Unrelated Donors, a Center For International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Analysis". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3273.3273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection is increasingly used in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, a small percentage of healthy donors have a poor mobilization response to G-CSF. Very little information exists on the effect of donor race or ethnicity on PBSC mobilization. We analyzed 10776 unrelated donors from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) who underwent G-CSF mobilized PBSC collection from 2006–2012. We investigated the effect of self-reported donor race/ethnicity on collection efficiency, defined as number of CD34+ cells/L (of donor blood processed), number of mononuclear cells (MNC)/L and CD34+ cells/MNC collected on the first day of apheresis. Categorical variables were analyzed by the Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables. A linear regression model was used to compare the various race/ethnic groups while controlling for potential confounding factors (such as age, BMI, gender, and year of apheresis). The result of our analysis is shown in Table 1. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in CD34+ cells/L, MNC/L and CD34+/MNC in all races analyzed. In general, African Americans (AA) had the highest collection efficiency while Caucasians had the lowest. Other races/ethnicities had collection efficiencies between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, statistically significant differences in CD34+ cell/L were seen in Hispanics, AA and Asian/Pacific Islanders (API), primarily in the obese (Hispanic, AA, API) and overweight (AA, API) donors. In the API group the differences in collection efficiency were predominately seen in males. No differences were seen between Caucasians and Native Americans. This study reveals significant racial/ethnic differences in the efficiency of collection of CD34+ cells in unrelated donors. Although these differences do not appear to interfere with the ability to collect adequate numbers of PBSC, it is currently unknown why they exist. This is an area for continued research. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Randhawa, Gurch. "Promoting Organ Donation and Transplantation among South Asians in the United Kingdom: The Role of Social Networks in the South Asian Community". Progress in Transplantation 15, n. 3 (settembre 2005): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500314.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The percentage of South Asians on the kidney transplant waiting list in the United Kingdom is 3 times their percentage in the general population. Obviously, organ donation and transplantation among South Asians in the United Kingdom needs improvement. In recent years, ethnically targeted campaigns in the mass media have specifically attempted to attract donors from the South Asian communities. A number of pilot studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives in providing information about organ donation to South Asians. Results indicate that detailed information related to transplantation was learned mainly by people within the community receiving transplants and was transmitted through various informal community networks rather than through the resources provided by the Department of Health. This article provides an overview of who South Asians are and how these community networks were established. Transplant professionals must devise effective strategies to access these community networks, thereby raising the consciousness of transplantation among South Asians in the United Kingdom.
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Biswas, Tonmoy, Sunil Kumar Biswas e Tonmoy Biswas. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection among First-Time Blood Donors in Faridpur, Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study". International Journal of Medical Students 4, n. 1 (10 aprile 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2016.143.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Hepatitis B infection is a global threat for people of all age groups and is common in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. Blood donors and blood donation can present important risk for hepatitis B infection. Our objective was to identify seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among blood donors in Faridpur, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 719 blood donors in the Faridpur district of Bangladesh from April to July 2013. Data was collected by non-probability convenient sampling maintaining inclusion and exclusion criteria. Face-to-face interview, blood grouping test, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening were conducted. Results: About 30% of the blood donors were between 19 and 23 years of age, and 87.5% of them were males. Two-thirds (64.1%) of the donors were replacement donors, while the remaining 35.9% of them were voluntary donors. The overall seropositivity of HBsAg was found to be 1.5%. All infected blood donors were males. Hepatitis B infection was more prevalent in the 34–38 years age group and least prevalent among those older than 48 years of age. About 2% of replacement blood donors were infected with hepatitis B virus, compared to 0.7% among voluntary blood donors. Conclusion: Hepatitis B infection among blood donors is relatively lower than in other high-risk groups for hepatitis B infection in Bangladesh. Predominance of HBsAg among older adult groups, replacement donors, and the male gender can be a matter of public health concern.
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SRINIVAS, SANJAY, RAJEEV A. ANNIGERI, MUTHU KRISHNA MANI, BUDITHI SUBBA RAO, PRAKASH C. KOWDLE e RAJAGOPALAN SESHADRI. "Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in South Asian healthy adult kidney donors". Nephrology 13, n. 5 (agosto 2008): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.00967.x.
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Kim, Tae Yeul, Yun Ji Hong, Mi Jung Kim, Hyungsuk Kim, Taek Soo Kim, Jeong Su Park, Kyoung Un Park e Kyou-Sup Han. "Recommendations Regarding Practical DEL Typing Strategies for Serologically D-Negative Asian Donors". Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 47, n. 1 (17 maggio 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500098.
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Waldis, Sarah J., Stacey Uter, Donna Kavitsky, Cynthia Flickinger, Sunitha Vege, David F. Friedman, Connie M. Westhoff e Stella T. Chou. "Rh alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients with thalassemia receiving RhD, C, E, and K matched transfusions". Blood Advances 5, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2021): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003732.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Chronically transfused patients with thalassemia are at risk for red cell alloimmunization. No studies have specifically examined alloimmunization after implementation of prophylactic Rh (D, C, E) and K matched red cells in a racially diverse population of thalassemia patients and donors. This retrospective study examined Rh antibodies among 40 chronically transfused patients (Asian, White, Black, Indian, Middle Eastern) with thalassemia receiving a mean of 174 serologic prophylactic RhD, C, E, and K matched red cell units. We examined the patients’ RH genotype, as well as donor race and Rh phenotypes over 3 transfusion events preceding antibody detection. Eighteen alloantibodies were detected in 13 of 40 patients (32.5%), with an alloimmunization rate of 0.26 antibodies per 100 units transfused. Thirteen antibodies (72.2%) were directed against Rh (5 anti-D, 4 anti-C, 2 anti-E, 1 anti-e, 1 anti-V), despite donor phenotypes that confirmed lack of transfusion of D, C, or E antigens to patients lacking the corresponding antigen(s). Ten of 40 patients had an altered RH genotype, but the Rh antibodies were not associated with patients with variant RH. Black donors with a known high frequency of RH variants provided 63% of the units transfused in the 3 visits preceding unexplained anti-Rh detection. Rh alloimmunization not explained by the thalassemia patients’ RH genotype or the donors’ serologic phenotype suggests more precise matching is needed, and the role of donor RH genotypes on alloimmunization should be explored. Extending Rh D, C, and E matching to include c and e would result in better-matched units and further minimize Rh alloimmunization.
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Buck, Kelly, Jason Dehn, Michelle Setterholm, Martin Maiers, Dennis L. Confer, Robert J. Hartzman, Kim Wadsworth, Soo Young Yang e Alexander H. Schmidt. "7/8 High-Resolution Unrelated Donor HLA Match Rate: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian-Pacific Islander". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1998.1998.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Aim Estimation of the National Marrow Donor Program's Be The Match Registry (BTMR) 8/8 (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1) high resolution (HR) unrelated donor (URD) match rate was determined in a 2009 study for each of the four most frequent patient race/ethnic groups in the United States- Caucasian (CAU), African American (AFA), Hispanic (HIS), and Asian Pacific Islander (API) (Dehn et al, ASBMT/CIBMTR abstract 2011). For patients without an 8/8 matched URD, a 7/8 match is often the minimum acceptable mismatch used by many transplant centers. A follow up to the 8/8 study was designed to determine the 7/8 or better match rate among the 4 major race/ethnic groups, using the same study cohort. Methods 1344 previously high resolution tested URD in the BTMR were randomly selected and treated as pseudopatients (PP) where HR testing was performed to identify an 8/8 matched URD. Following 8/8 potential URD testing, a search was performed on each PP to determine the 7/8 match rate, regardless of whether an 8/8 match was previously identified. The searches used a fixed BTMR file from January of 2012, composed of over 8.6 million URD. The BTMR race/ethnic diversity breakdown for 2012 was 65% CAU, 7% AFA, 10% HIS, 7% API, and 11% miscellaneous categories such as Multiple, Unknown, American Indian- Alaska Native, and Declined to answer. Search results from CAU (N=377), AFA (N=390), HIS (N=307), and API (N=270) PP were evaluated and classified as follow: 1) 7/8 HR matched donor exists on BTMR 2) Potential 7/8 HR donors exist on BTMR 3) No 7/8 potential donors exist on BTMR PP searches falling into category 2 had an HLA search strategy expert rank potential URD within BTMR in order of their matching likelihood. URD samples were HR HLA tested in order of ranking and evaluated to determine match status. Consecutive rounds of URD sample testing were performed until either a 7/8 matched URD was identified, no potential URD with stored samples remained, or a patient maximum number of URD testing was reached. Since many PP searches had greater than 100 potential 7/8 matched URD, it was not possible to type every URD. In these cases, up to 35 URD with sample were tested per patient. For analysis of the 7/8 match rate, PP with no 7/8 match identified after URD testing were considered as having no HR match. Results 98% of CAU and over 80% of the non-CAU race/ethnic groups- AFA, HIS, and API- had at least a 7/8 match identified (Table 1). For cases where an 8/8 matched donor had been previously identified, all but 8 PP also had a 7/8 match (CAU= 1, AFA= 3, API= 3, HIS= 1). Only three PP cases had no 7/8 potential donors on the search prior to URD testing. The range of donors tested for the cases resulting in a match was larger for the non-CAU race groups. The maximum number of URD tested before a 7/8 match was identified was 24 for AFA, 6 for HIS, and 10 for API, while for CAU the maximum number of URD tested was 2 (Table 2). A median of 1 URD was typed for cases resulting in a 7/8 match for each of the four race/ethnic groups. HLA expert review of cases where no 7/8 match was identified but additional 7/8 potential URD remained suggests that few additional cases would likely yield HR matches. Conclusions This study estimates a 7/8 or better HR match rate for the BTMR of over 80% for all four broad race/ethnic group categories. These results show that in the majority of cases, after first testing to identify an 8/8 matched URD, a 7/8 matched URD was identified after typing just one URD. However, particularly with non-CAU patients, testing additional URD may be needed to identify a 7/8 match. This study provides a baseline match rate that can be further supplemented using the additional worldwide URD inventory. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lee, Lewis H., e Sung-Ju Kim. "Effect of Government Grants on Private Giving to East Asian Nonprofits". Advances in Social Work 20, n. 1 (30 luglio 2020): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23464.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For effective financial management, social work managers must clearly grasp the relationship between government grants and private contributions, which is frequently characterized as crowding-out effects. Crowding-out effects have been investigated for various types of nonprofits in the U.S., and the results have been mixed. In spite of its popularity in nonprofit research, the theory has not been applied to nonprofits serving minority communities. This is the first pilot crowding-out study looking at East Asian nonprofit organizations, including Chinese, Korean, and Japanese-American nonprofits in the NY and NJ metropolitan area (n = 410). Through a panel analysis, the current study found a significant crowding-in effect for donations to East Asian-American nonprofits (p < .01). The relationship between government grants and private giving was different for each East Asian-American nonprofit organization. Particularly, donors of Chinese and Japanese-American nonprofit organizations donated more money when their charities received more government grants (p < .05). In contrast, we found crowding-out effects for Korean-American nonprofit organizations, but the result was not significant (p > .05). The estimated crowding-in effects of government grants on private giving by each of the East Asian countries were explicated based on each country’s social, political, and cultural background such as the quality of the charity, transparency, and political trust. Social work managers in ethnic nonprofit organizations should establish different strategies to help shape donor giving patterns according to the effect of government grants.
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Basker, Shanmugapriya, e Sunil Daga. "Risk Factors of Poor Pregnancy Outcome in Living Kidney Donors in UK". Physician 6, n. 1 (27 novembre 2019): c13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/1.6.1.c13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite thousands of kidney donations every year across the world, there is a decline in donations particularly within the BAME (Black Asian Minority and Ethnic community). Young female faces a dilemma of future pregnancy when considering the decision to donate a kidney. The study aims to describe the risk in pregnancy based on ethnicity, gender and regional variations.
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Ahamer, G. "International Financial Institutions Ask to Contribute to Climate Protection". Finance: Theory and Practice 25, n. 4 (24 agosto 2021): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-25-4-6-23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this article is to show in which way international financial institutions (IFIs) can contribute to climate protection projects. The principles of IFIs’ project cycles are explained in the context of the new blending tool. The cooperation with other donors stands in the centre of EU project funding and the notion of leveraging allows to quantify the cooperative effect among different donors. The bulk of this article describes the most relevant IFIs and national development banks with an international focus: Green Climate Fund (GCF), European Investment Bank (EIB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), French Development Agency (AFD), German Development Bank (KfW), World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). For all these IFIs, descriptions are provided and their main fields of actions identified. The procedure of application (the “project cycle”) is illustrated and an overview of their strategies is given. Thus, this article seeks to provide practical guidance on how to cooperate with IFIs and to direct funds into substantially valid and responsible climate projects.
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Un, Kheang, e Judy Ledgerwood. "Cambodia in 2002: Decentralization and Its Effects on Party Politics". Asian Survey 43, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.1.113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With its first internationally endorsed local election in decades, first rotational chairmanship of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and financial assistance pledged from donor countries and multilateral institutions, Cambodia made significant progress in 2002. Prime Minister Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party swept to victory in local elections, but for the first time it will have to share power at the local level. The Royalist FUNCINPEC Party underwent further decline and infighting. Cambodia received $615 million in financial pledges from international donors, and economic growth increased by a modest 4.5%% to 5%%. In February, the United Nations withdrew from negotiations for a trial of surviving leaders of Pol Pot's regime in the 1970s, but late in the year the possibility of further discussions emerged.
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Milligan, Matthew D. "The economic power of women in early South Asian Buddhism". Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618817367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article serves as a contribution to the financial primacy of Buddhist women in early historic South Asia. Presented here is a single case study from the first century bce monastic stūpa site from Central India called Sanchi whereby gender demographics are analysed over two subsequent stages of funding. Investments by women not only fuelled the construction of the built landscape but, as time went on, female donors were crucial to the economic solvency of the monastic institution at Sanchi. Such a micro-history of Buddhist women from classical India illustrates the agency of women during Buddhism’s formative years.
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Hübner, Stefan. "Donors and the Global Sportive “Civilizing Mission”: Asian Athletics, American Philanthropy, and YMCA Media (1910s–1920s)". Itinerario 40, n. 1 (29 marzo 2016): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article focuses on changes in American philanthropy during the Progressive Era and the Young Men’s Christian Association’s (YMCA) domestic promotion of its global sports program during the 1910s and 1920s. Since the American YMCA’s foreign department was entirely dependent on donations, philanthropists’ demands concerning efficient and scientific methods to fight the causes of social dysfunction needed to be addressed. YMCA and Christian progressive media thus presented clear-cut success stories about spreading Western sports. Oft-repeated topoi included the superiority vis-à-vis local practices of Western scientific and rational approaches to public health and leisure, and a knowledge transfer to local elites, meaning that indigenization would prevent a permanent “donation drain.” During the First World War, Asian sports events were communicated as a peaceful contrast to the European battlefields. Following the war, YMCA writers turned Asian athletes into a vanguard among non-Western athletes, now promoting the YMCA’s experience gained in this region as a guarantee to donors that an expensive expansion of its sportive “civilizing mission” would lead to similar achievements on a global level. By the late 1920s, the YMCA had completely “de-Orientalized” its earlier coverage of Asian social deficits to emphasize its own efficiency.
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Tee, Ping Sing, Terence Yi Shern Kee e Constance Chui Wan Lee. "THE PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF LIVING KIDNEY DONATION AMONG ASIAN KIDNEY DONORS IN SINGAPORE". Transplantation 104, S3 (settembre 2020): S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000700028.66664.79.
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섀넌. "Occidental Ignorance: How the International Development Industry Ignores Asian Development and Aid Donors". Journal of North-east Asian Cultures 1, n. 32 (settembre 2012): 409–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17949/jneac.1.32.201209.023.
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