Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Attention – Odeurs"

Elasticity is commonly associated with regular oscillations, which are prevalent in various systems at different scales. However, chaotic oscillations are rarely connected to elasticity. While overdamped chaotic systems have received significant attention, there has been limited exploration of elasticity-driven systems. In this study, we investigate the influence of elasticity on the dynamics of chaotic systems by examining diverse models derived from mechanics, immunology, ecology, and rheology. Through numerical MATLAB simulations obtained by using an ode15s solver, we observe that elasticity profoundly alters the chaotic dynamics of these systems. As a result, we term the underlying equations as the elastic-Lorenz equations. Specifically, we extensively analyze a viscoelastic fluid confined within a closed-loop thermosyphon, considering general heat flux, to demonstrate the impact of the viscoelastic parameter on the model’s chaotic behavior. Our findings build upon prior research on the asymptotic behavior of this model by incorporating the presence of a viscoelastic fluid. The results highlight the non-trivial and non-monotonic role of elasticity in understanding the control, or lack thereof, of chaotic behavior across different scales.

Introduction : la littérature en matière de procédures d’hygiène appliquées aux appareils orthodontiques amovibles est peu abondante alors que le sujet mérite une attention particulière. L’objectif de cette étude était d’investiguer les procédures d’hygiène employées par les patients porteurs de ces appareils et de visualiser par Microscopie Électronique à Balayage (MEB) le biofilm à la surface de ces appareils (en résine et aligneurs) après vie en bouche. Matériels et Méthodes : des images MEB ont été réalisées sur les appareils amovibles en résine et sur les aligneurs. Parallèlement, une étude, de type observationnelle (enquête), a inclus tous les patients porteurs de ces appareils orthodontiques afin d’analyser leurs procédures d’hygiène. Résultats : les images MEB mettaient en lumière un biofilm, observable à différents stades de maturation, tant sur les appareils amovibles en résine que sur les aligneurs. Concernant l’étude, sur les 40 participants, 90 % brossaient mécaniquement leurs appareils, majoritairement à l’aide de dentifrice (63 %), d’eau (25 %) ou de savon (10 %). Un produit de désinfection (pastille effervescente / bain de bouche) était utilisé par 67 % des patients, en complément ou indépendamment du brossage. Cette technique était principalement appliquée par les patients porteurs d’appareils en résine, et qui démontraient un investissement financier plus important (p = 0,05), possiblement dû à la présence d’un vieillissement avec dépôts (30 %) ou d’une odeur désagréable (18 %). Enfin, la majorité́ des parents estimait que leur enfant était autonome pour l’hygiène de leur appareil bien que, pour la plupart, l’enfant n’avait pas la possibilité́ de nettoyer son appareil à l’école. Conclusion : Les procédures d’hygiène employées sont assez hétérogènes, alors qu’un biofilm semble bien établi sur ces dispositifs orthodontiques.

This study discusses entropy generation analysis for a peristaltic flow in a rotating medium with generalized complaint walls. The goal of the current analysis is to understand the fluid flow phenomena particular to micro devices. Nano materials with a size less than 100 nm have applications in micro heat exchangers to cool electronic circuits, blood analyzers, biological cell separations, etc. For this study, we considered the effects of radiation, viscous dissipation and heat flux on the flow of nanomaterial inside a cylindrical micro-channel. To investigate the slip effects on the flow, the second order slip condition for axial velocity, the first order slip condition for secondary velocity and the thermal slip conditions were used. The flow was governed by partial differential equations (PDE’s), which were turned into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) that were highly non-linear and numerically solved using the NDSolve command in Mathematica. The impacts of different involved parameters on the flow field were investigated with the aid of graphical illustrations. Entropy generation and the Bejan number were given special attention, and it was found that they decreased as the Hartman number, rotation, and radiation parameters increased.

ABSTRACT: The final triad of Pindar's Pythian 2 has been the object of particularly close attention by scholars. In this triad, Pindar suddenly switches both the imagery and the intention of the poetic statement itself: he is no longer praising the addressee but instructing him, rebuking certain slanderers, flatterers and envious men—but it is not straightforward accusation. Pindar deploys fable imagery as a vehicle for the censure (a monkey, foxes, a fawning dog, and a wolf). The role of castigator is not unfamiliar to Pindar, but Pythian 2 is unique: only in this ode does Pindar devote an entire triad to denouncing his opponents. The striking contrast between the final triad and the rest of the ode appears to show that the ode has no unity of structure, so scholars and commentators consider the final triad as a pendant of sorts. My hypothesis is that the ode's final triad is not a pendant at all: Pindar is playing with a striking compositional structure, used as a technique by Archilochus in his iambics, so the final triad is a necessary part of the unified poetic structure.

SummaryThis study focuses on the problem of bilingualism and language conversions. Based on a comparison of three Czech authors of books for children writing in German, it tries to define the specifics of this area, as it differs from literature for adults with topics like emigration and loss of the homeland. The given article compares works by Ludvík Aškenazy, Petr Chudožilov and Iva Procházková. Attention is also given to the translation of their German texts back to Czech again.

Актуализируется проблема трансформации образовательных процессов в университете, вызванных изменением его миссии и задач, решаемых преподавателями. Обращается внимание на факторы появления нового типа преподавателя (формированию которого должна способствовать подготовка аспирантов), интеллектуального потенциала современного общества, новых педагогических кадров. Инновации предполагают уважительное отношение к прошлому, к истории российского университетского образования, преимущество которого перед другими образовательными учреждениями заключается в научной направленности. Исследование показало, что успешность педагогической деятельности обусловлена взаимосвязью педагогического и научного. В доказательство в статье приводятся результаты исследований особенностей деятельности преподавателя университета, характеристики преподавателя нового типа университета -когнитивного, полученные автором статьи в ходе лонгитюдного исследования, выборку которого представили преподаватели классических университетов (Самара, Москва, Санкт-Петербург). Материалы статьи будут интересны преподавателям вузов, руководству образовательных процессов, аспирантам и исследователям в области профессионального образования. The article updates the problem of educational processes transformation at the university caused by changes in its mission and tasks which are solved by lecturers. Attention is drawn to the emergence factors of a new lecturer type, the formation of which should be facilitated by postgraduate development of competence, the intellectual potential of modern society, new pedagogical personnel. Attention is drawn to the fact that innovation implies a respectful attitude towards the past, to the history of Russian university education, the advantage of which over other educational institutions is scientific. The study proved that success of pedagogical activities is due to the relationship between pedagogical and scientific activities. The evidence in the article contains the results of studies of the peculiarities of the university lecturer’s activity, characteristics of a new university lecturer type - cognitive, obtained by the author of the article during the longitudinal study, selection of which was presented by lecturers of classical universities (Samara, Moscow, St. Petersburg). The article materials will be interesting to university lecturers, educational process direction, postgraduate students and researchers in the field of vocational training.

Abstract Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a promising candidate to foster decarbonization. However, its storage poses significant challenges. Common methods, such as compressed gas and liquid hydrogen, have high energy consumption and safety concerns. Recently, solid hydrogen storage in materials like metal hydrides has gained attention for their ability to store hydrogen safely at low pressures and low temperatures. This study aims to develop a numerical model to simulate the performance of metal hydrides using hydrogen as a direct fluid heat exchanger during desorption. The model, formulated as a system of partial differential equations, is implemented in MATLAB with the ODE15s solver and applied to a disk-type lanthanum nickel reactor to minimize pressure drops. Performance is investigated by varying design parameters, including reactor length and diameter, bed porosity, hydride particle diameter, operating pressure and temperature, and hydrogen mass flow rate at the reactor inlet. Additionally, the energy consumption of auxiliary equipment, such as pumping and thermal power, is evaluated. Results show that the system energy requirement is about 8-9% of the hydrogen lower heating value, with most desorption occurring in less than 300 seconds. The reactor dimensions are crucial for fast desorption and low pressure drops, with pumping power under 1 W given the small thickness and flow rate. Particle diameter and porosity have minor impacts, while pressure, temperature, and flow rate are fundamental. High temperatures, low pressures, and high recirculating flow rates favor the reaction, though a trade-off between performance and energy consumption is necessary since all high temperatures high recirculated mass flow rate allows for high consumption.

Non-Muslims, perhaps blinded by the claims of their own faiths, have longunderestimated Muslim reverence for the Prophet Muhammad. By thesame token, they have paid relatively little attention to Muslim traditionsof praising the Prophet, whether it be the naths sung by Sufi qawwali musiciansin South Asia, the maulid lectures on the first twelve days of Rabi al-Awwal ‒ or the biographies of the Prophet, which have become so numerousover the past century. This is unfortunate because, intermingled withpraise for the Prophet, there are often other messages, which non-Muslimsneed to note if they are better to understand their Muslim neighbors.The Mantle Odes contains translations, and interpretations in their context,of three of the most highly prized poems in the Arab-Islamic traditionin praise of the Prophet. One poem dates from the time of the Prophet, thesecond from the thirteenth century AC under the Mamluks, and the thirdfrom Egypt under colonial rule in the early twentieth century. The author’saim is “to bring these Islamic devotional masterpieces into the purview ofcontemporary literary interpretation in a way that makes them culturallyrelevant and poetically effective for the modern reader, whether Muslim ornon-Muslim” (xi) ...

Nicholas Magni of Jawor (de Jawor/Jauer, von Heidelberg) (1355–1435), a Silesian professor of theology, preacher, and diplomat, was one of the most interesting figures of the first generation of scholars from the University of Heidelberg. Of all his output, it is the treatise De superstitionibus that has attracted the greatest attention so far, while his less known anti-Hussite writings have long been only a research postulate. The work of Jiří Petrášek is, therefore, a long-awaited analysis of the insufficiently recognized writing by Nicholas Magni: Contra epistolam perfidiae Hussitarum, which is a response to the Taborite Manifesto from 1430. In his work, Petrášek draws new conclusions: regarding Nicolas Magni’s views on indulgences, the author points to the borrowings from Henry of Langenstein, and he does not share the earlier statement of Franz X. Bantle about the originality of the Heidelbergian theologian’s views on indulgences and their essence confined to the notion of “communication”. Thus, we receive a work that verifies the previous findings on the anti-Hussite views of Nicholas Magni, and which thoroughly introduces us into the less known areas of the 15th century Catholic anti-Hussite polemics.

Les systèmes olfactif et respiratoire fonctionnent dans une harmonie rythmique. En effet, l’olfaction est liée inextricablement à la respiration car l’acheminement des odeurs dépend du régime respiratoire. Ce lien va même au-delà de l’échantillonnage car la respiration module l’activité des aires olfactives mais elle permet aussi la synchronisation des rythmes cérébraux dans des aires au-delà du système olfactif. Des liens directs ont d’ailleurs été démontrés entre régime respiratoire et fonctions cognitives. L’attention est une fonction cognitive majeure et bien que recouvrant plusieurs formes , c’est par le prisme de la vision que l’attention est le plus souvent étudiée. Pourtant l’olfaction constitue une porte d’entrée de choix pour explorer l’esprit de par sa relative simplicité anatomique, son lien avec la respiration et sa pertinence écologique chez le rongeur. À ce jour, alors que la respiration semble jouer un rôle dans plusieurs processus cognitifs, on ne connait pas le lien entre respiration et attention olfactive. De plus, le lien rythmique qui unit l’olfaction et la respiration est particulièrement intéressant dans le cadre de l’étude de l’attention. Effectivement, des études récentes démontrent que les processus attentionnels sont rythmiques, fluctuent dans le temps. Bien que répétées à travers différentes études, ces découvertes utilisent des tâches faisant appel principalement à l’attention visuo-spatiale. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons donc souhaité répondre à deux principaux objectifs : 1) Caractériser le comportement respiratoire dans une tâche d’attention aux odeurs avec les questions sous-jacentes : Est-ce que le fait de devoir soutenir et maintenir son attention fait appel à un régime respiratoire particulier? Est-ce qu’un pattern respiratoire favorise des réussites ? et 2) Est-ce que ces fluctuations des performances attentionnelles notamment décrites dans l’attention visuo-spatiale, se retrouvent également dans l’attention olfactive, un sens intrinsèquement rythmique ? Pour répondre à ce double objectif, nous avons développé une tâche de détection de signal permettant d’étudier l’attention soutenue aux odeurs chez le rat au sein d’une cage de pléthysmographie. Nous avons donc acquis simultanément des données respiratoires avec des performances dans une tâche d’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Pour notre 2ème objectif, grâce à des simulations informatiques de notre expérience, nous avons établi une méthode capable de tester la nature oscillatoire de nos données. Dans une première étude, nous montrons que les rats adoptent un comportement de flairage stéréotypé pendant l’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Ce comportement semble associé à de meilleures réussites. D’autre part, les animaux synchronisent leur phase respiratoire à des moments clés de la tâche. La seconde étude a montré qu’il était très difficile de distinguer les oscillations périodiques des oscillations apériodiques uniquement par des données comportementales dans nos conditions expérimentales. Si oscillations des performances il y a, l’amplitude des fluctuations attentionnelles est probablement trop basse pour conclure en faveur d’une présence d’oscillation périodique. En conclusion, nous avons pu caractériser le comportement respiratoire du rat tout au long d’une tâche d’attention soutenue aux odeurs. Nous avons déterminé des évènements clefs où l’on observe une synchronisation de phase respiratoire au travers des essais et des sujets. Aussi notre travail sur les fluctuations périodiques attentionnelles ouvre la voie vers une discussion essentielle sur la manière idéale de détecter ces oscillations comportementales
The olfactory and respiratory systems function in rhythmic harmony. In fact, olfaction is inextricably linked to respiration, as the delivery of odors depends on the respiratory regime. This link goes beyond sampling, as breathing not only modulates the activity of olfactory areas, but also synchronizes brain rhythms in areas beyond the olfactory system. Direct links have been demonstrated between respiratory regime and cognitive functions. Attention is a major cognitive function, and although it takes many forms, it is through the prism of vision that attention is most often studied. Yet olfaction is a prime entry point for exploring the mind, due to its relative anatomical simplicity, its link with respiration and its ecological relevance in rodents. To date, while breathing seems to play a role in several cognitive processes, the link between breathing and olfactory attention is still unknown. Moreover, the rhythmic link between olfaction and breathing is of particular interest in the study of attention. Indeed, recent studies show that attentional processes are rhythmic, fluctuating over time. Although repeated across different studies, these findings use tasks that primarily call on visuo-spatial attention. In the course of this thesis, we therefore set out to address two main objectives: 1) To characterize respiratory behavior in an odor attention task, with the underlying questions: Does having to sustain attention is associated to a specific respiratory regime? Does a respiratory pattern favor success? and 2) Do these fluctuations in attentional performance, notably described in visuo-spatial attention, also occur in olfactory attention, an intrinsically rhythmic sense? To address this dual objective, we developed a signal detection task to study sustained attention to odors in rats within a plethysmography cage. We thus simultaneously acquired respiratory data with performance in a sustained attention to odors task. For our 2nd objective, using computer simulations of our experiment, we established a method capable of testing the oscillatory nature of our data. In a first study, we show that rats adopt a stereotyped sniffing behavior during sustained attention to odors. This behavior seems to be associated with better performance. On the other hand, the animals synchronize their respiratory phase at key events of the task. The second study showed that it was very difficult to distinguish periodic from aperiodic oscillations using behavioral data alone under our experimental conditions. If fluctuations of performance are present, their amplitude is probably too low to conclude in favor of the presence of periodic oscillation. In conclusion, we were able to characterize the respiratory behavior of rats throughout a sustained attention to odors task. We have identified key events where respiratory phase synchronization is observed across trials and subjects. Moreover, our work on periodic attentional fluctuations opens the door to an essential discussion on the ideal way to detect these behavioral oscillations

Certaines études ont montré que des odeurs subliminales – odeurs d'intensité très faible activant le système olfactif mais non perçues consciemment – peuvent impacter le comportement alimentaire. Cependant, les mécanismes sensoriels et cognitifs impliqués dans le traitement des odeurs subliminales demeurent mal connus. Ce travail de thèse avait pour but d'explorer les activations cérébrales induites par des odeurs subliminales au moyen de l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle. Durant les acquisitions IRM, les participants sont exposés à leur insu à deux odeurs présentées à intensité subliminale puis supraliminale. Quatre réseaux cérébraux mis en évidence par Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes s’avèrent spécifiques de la condition subliminale. Ces réseaux ne sont pas propres au traitement des odeurs et semblent liés à des processus attentionnels et de contrôle exécutif. La modulation de leur activité par des odeurs subliminales apporte des éléments nouveaux pour comprendre l’impact de ces odeurs sur le comportement, et suggère des applications possibles d'utilisation de ces odeurs pour réguler le comportement alimentaire
Some studies showed that subliminal odours – odours of very low intensity which activate the olfactory system but are not consciously perceived – can impact food behaviours. However, the sensory and cognitive mechanisms involved in subliminal odours processing remain poorly known. This work aims exploring cerebral activity induced by subliminal odours by the means of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. During MRI acquisitions, participants were unknowingly exposed to two odours presented at subliminal intensity and then at supraliminal intensity. Four cerebral networks highlighted by Independent Component Analysis (ICA) prove to be specific to the subliminal condition. These networks are not particular to olfactory processing and seem to be linked to attentional and executive control processes. The modulation of their activity by subliminal odours brings new elements to understand the impact of these odours on behaviour, and suggests possible applications for using these odours to regulate food behaviour

Die Schwerpunktsetzung der Dissertation fokussiert die lehrkraftorientierte und berufsschulbezogene Auseinandersetzung mit Heterogenität; dabei werden bereits existente Lösungsansätze berücksichtigt. Ein Ziel der Arbeit ist, den Lehrkräften theoretisch fundierte adäquate Umgangsformen mit Heterogenität von Jugendlichen in den Klassen und Lerngruppen zu offerieren. Als theoretische Grundlage dient die Beschreibung von Heterogenitätsmerkmalen von Schülern, die in der einschlägigen Literatur für das erfolgreiche Lernen als signifikant relevant eingeschätzt werden. Des Weiteren rückt die Arbeit die Lehrkräfte mit ihren subjektiven Theorien, Kompetenzbündeln, Belastungsempfindungen und die lernförderlichen Umgangsformen der Lehrkräfte mit Heterogenitäten ins Zentrum sowie die kritische Betrachtung von Konzepten der inneren Differenzierung als mögliches Lösungskonzept. Die empirischen Untersuchungen erfolgen in ausgewählten staatlichen Berliner beruflichen Schulen im Berufsfeld Wirtschaft und Verwaltung mittels Leitfadeninterviews und deren Analyse in Anlehnung an die dokumentarische Methode in vertikaler und horizontaler Richtung. Ergänzt wird der qualitative Forschungsansatz durch eine statistische Dokumentenanalyse. Ein Ergebnis der Arbeit ist, dass Lehrkräfte Heterogenität nicht eindeutig als entweder Belastung oder als pädagogische Herausforderung empfinden, sondern dass der jeweils wahrgenommene Belastungsgrad stark durch die Intensität der jeweils vorliegenden Schülervarianzen in der Klasse/Lerngruppe geprägt ist. Es geht deshalb in den unterrichtsnah formulierten Hilfestellungen, die mittels einer Checkliste ermittelt werden können, um individuell zugeschnittene Handlungsempfehlungen, die sich entweder auf den Kern der Heterogenitätsvorstellung, auf die Reflexion der eigenen Handlungskompetenz, auf spezielle Heterogenitätsdimensionen, auf konkrete Hilfen für die Umsetzung der inneren Differenzierung oder auf die Belastungsreduktion im Berufsalltag beziehen.
The present thesis focuses on the ways in which vocational school teachers address student heterogeneity, giving due consideration to existing approaches. One of the goals is to provide teachers with theoretically well-founded, adequate forms of accommodating adolescent heterogeneity in various class and learning groups. The theoretical basis of this study is provided by a description of student heterogeneity features deemed to be significantly relevant to successful learning in the literature. Another primary concern is with teachers’ professional activity, including their subjective theories, their individual sets of competences, their feelings of stress and learning-conducive ways of addressing heterogeneity. Critical attention is given to differentiation by activity or outcome as a potential approach to dealing with heterogeneity. Empirical studies were conducted in a selection of Berlin-based vocational schools specializing in business and administration, using guided interviews and analyzing these by means of a methodology borrowing from the documentary method and availing itself of both vertical and horizontal perspectives. This qualitative approach is complemented by a statistical document analysis. One finding is that teachers do not view heterogeneity unambiguously as either a stress factor or a pedagogical challenge; rather, the degree of stress felt by teachers is heavily dependent on the extent of student variance inside the class or learning group. Instead, this study offers a checklist that teachers can use to obtain support and recommendations tailored to their individual needs and readily applicable to classroom settings. These recommendations concern the core of teachers’ perceptions of heterogeneity, their ability to reflect on their own ‘action competence’, specific dimensions of heterogeneity, concrete support for implementing differentiation inside the classroom, and stress reduction in day-to-day professional practice.

Pindar's Odes, blending beauty of poetic form and profundity of thought, are one of the wonders of Ancient Greece. Composed in the first instance to commemorate athletics victories, they fan out like a peacock's tail to illuminate with brilliant subtlety and imagination the human condition in general, and how our moments of heroic achievement are inevitably tempered by our mortal frailties. This edition aims to make for the first time a selection of these wonderful, but complex, poems accessible and enjoyable not only to scholars and advanced students but especially to sixth-form students and non-Classicists (including anyone interested in Pindar's influence on English poetry). While particular attention is paid to elucidating Pindar's cryptic chains of thoughts and to explaining the significance of the myths in the odes, much greater help than usual in this series is given with translating the Greek. The selection, which contains Pindar's most famous poem (Olympian 1) and two particularly charming mythical stories (in Pythian 9 and Nemean 3), illustrates Pindar's range and variety by including odes commemorating victors at each of the four major games. The book presents Greek text with translation, commentary and notes.

Ob »spatial« oder »topographical turn« – »Raum« erfreut sich in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften gegenwärtig hoher Aufmerksamkeit. Er wird als »Semiosphäre« der Einschreibung wahrgenommen – auch und gerade in Bezug auf religiöse Bedeutungen. Die Beiträge im Sammelband widmen sich aus theologischer und philosophischer Perspektive, aber auch in interdisziplinärer Hinsicht Raumkonstellationen religiöser Semiosen – unter anderem der theologisch produktiven topologischen Repräsentation des Unräumlichen. Indem die Beiträge exegetische, systematische und praktische Disziplinen christlicher und jüdischer Theologie mit der Archäologie, der Philosophie und der Soziologie ins Gespräch bringen, setzen sie die Reflexion des Raumes in mehrfache Richtung in Bewegung: Sie legen »Zugänge« zu Glaubens- und Lebensräumen offen oder verfolgen »Grenzgänge«, auf denen Theologinnen und Theologen die Unsagbarkeit Gottes bzw. des Göttlichen erkunden. Und sie zeichnen die »Ausgänge« der spezifischen Urbanität jüdischer und christlicher Eschatologie nach. Ortsbeschreibungen historischer und mythischer Räume, sowie »Personalisierungen« einzelner Herrschaftsfiguren und ihrer raumprägenden Machtansprüche runden das Panorama des Bandes ab. So entsteht ein repräsentativer Einblick in die ganz verschiedenen Weisen, wie Theologien sowie Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften die Zeichenlandschaften des Raumes lesbar machen. "Space" currently gets high attention in the humanities and cultural studies. It is perceived as a "semiosphere" of inscription - also and especially in relation to religious meanings. The contributions in this book are dedicated to spatial constellations of religious semioses from a theological and philosophical perspective, but also from an interdisciplinary point of view. The articles are reflecting space in multiple ways by combining exegetical, systematic, and practical disciplines of Christian and Jewish theology with archaeology, philosophy, and sociology. This offers a representative insight into the very different ways in which theologies as well as humanities and cultural studies explore religiously coded landscapes.

AbstractThroughout this book we have focused entirely on solving ODEs, without delving deeply into their origins or applications. In the present chapter we shift our attention to modeling with ODEs, by exploring a widely studied class of ODE models that describe the spread of infectious diseases. This group of models serves as a good example of how a complex phenomenon can be modeled using relatively simple systems of ODEs. We will derive these models based on a set of fundamental assumptions and discuss the limitations that arise from these assumptions. Although we consider a single application and a single class of models, the fundamental steps of the modeling process are applicable to a wide range of real-world phenomena.

This chapter offers detailed readings of three odes as examples of how a Horatian ode can be analyzed; the poems discussed are Odes 1.11 (the “carpe diem” ode), 2.7, and 2.13—a sample that embraces the quintessential Horatian themes: friendship, politics, nature, love, death, and poetry. Among the issues considered are the way in which an ode implies the situation in which it is delivered, the relationship between the speaker and the addressee, and the particular persona that the poem creates for its speaker. Attention is also devoted to characteristic Horatian structural patterns and to Horace’s subtle modulations of tone.

About a fifth of the poems in Odes 1–3 can be categorized as political. They fall into three subgroups: poems dealing with the civil wars and their aftermath, poems that reflect on the current state of Rome, and poems relating to Rome and Augustus. This chapter discusses examples of each subgroup. Horace is seen as balancing support for Augustus with a measure of independence; that balance becomes more difficult to maintain the closer Horace comes to Augustus himself. The poems considered are Odes 1.37 (the “Cleopatra Ode”); 2.1 (to Asinius Pollio); 3.1-6 (the sequence known as the “Roman Odes”), with particular attention to 3.6; and 3.14.

Abstract BY and large, Purcell’s odes have received short shrift in modern times. The texts are routinely dismissed as inept and embarassingly sycophantic, and attention has largely been confined to the three works currently available in miniature score: Welcome to all the pleasures’ 2339, Hail, bright Cecilia’ Z328, and Come, ye sons of art, away’ 2323. The original volumes in Works I containing the odes were published between 1878 and 1926, and have been out of print for decades. They are only now being replaced by volumes in Works II, and some first-rate pieces are still virtually unknown. Purcell’s odes are important because nearly all of them can be dated precisely-unlike most of the music discussed so far in this book.

This chapter focuses on the collection of twenty verse letters that Horace published roughly three years after the appearance of Odes 1–3. Because they profess to be exercises in moral philosophy, the letters can be seen as a kind of generic ascent following the lyrics of the Odes. Differences between the Epistles and Odes 1–3 are highlighted, including the persons addressed and the range of themes treated. Particular attention is devoted to the penultimate letter (19), in which Horace boasts of his transferral of Greek iambic and lyric poetry into Latin, and the final letter (20), addressed to the book itself, which dramatizes the tension between a desire to be read and a suspicion of popular approval.

Chapter 6 explores tensions surrounding the mentoring of trainee physicians. Victory odes articulate an ideal of mentoring as an enduring, influential, and even transformational relationship focused on building character and moral judgment rather than technical skill. At the same time, the odes expose concerns that actual mentoring can fail to achieve this ideal, and instead prove to be elitist or more focused on obtaining immediate results than fostering independent agents. Mentorship has re-emerged as a key factor in the development of modern physicians as increased attention is paid to measuring the outcomes of medical education and humanistic competencies within medicine are revalued. Mentorship should certainly be fostered, but care must be taken to design mentorship programs that are inclusive and that develop independent agents.

Another often-muted voice, here in the terrain of sexual attraction, is the topic of this chapter, which sets out to bring out the hidden voices of homoerotic in desire in Horace’s Odes. Expressions of male-male desire in these poems have traditionally been played down by their interpreters, often treated as ‘merely’ a Hellenistic literary topos or a vehicle for the poet-speaker’s nostalgia. Taking its cue from re-assessments of homoerotic material in Latin literature in more recent scholarship, the discussion zooms in on a range of passages in the Odes where the poet-narrator implicitly or explicitly alludes to homoerotic desires, arguing that closer attention to focalization and perspective show that they convey conformations of desire far less unambiguously ‘heterosexual’ than is often assumed.

Abstract The craftsmanship of Horace’s lyric poetry is universally admired., but the specifically structural element of these poems has so far received less attention than their verbal and metrical features. This may be in part because, as Robin Nisbet has observed, ’those brought up in a non-classical tradition tend to undervalue structural coherence’,1 partly as well because Horace’s manipulation of structural patterns can be so unobtrusive as to escape notice. For much of the last century it was indeed not uncommon among critics of Horace writing in English to doubt his interest in structural coherence; not much more than a generation ago Steele Commager still felt it necessary to defend the study of architectural patterns in the Odes against a scepticism illustrated by the following dictum of R. Y. Tyrrell: ’no reader of the odes, however careless, can have failed to notice the extraordinary difficulty of discovering in them anything like a connected train of thought’.

Abstract Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs) are crucial for modeling and simulating dynamical systems such as mechanisms, electrical circuits, and chemical reactions. However, the numerical solution of DAEs can be challenging due to their high index, which indicates the minimum number of differentiations needed to transform the DAE system into an equivalent system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with invariants. Index reduction is a preliminary step in the numerical integration of high-index DAEs that reduces the system’s complicatedness and enables the use of standard ODE solvers. This research introduces an index reduction algorithm based on symbolic computation, which utilizes matrix factorization and differentiation to reduce DAEs’ index. Special attention is given to the mitigation of expression swell. A hierarchical representation technique is employed not only to address this issue but also to improve the reduction processes with the introduction of index-1 variables. The algorithm is implemented in the Indigo library, which combines Maple®’s symbolic manipulation capabilities with Matlab®’s numerical computation capabilities. Validation across various benchmarks demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in reducing high-index systems and showcases its implementation robustness in numerical integration. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a reliable means for addressing generic DAE systems linear in the states’ derivatives.

Abstract In the first part of this work an analysis is presented on the dynamics of a two degree of freedom nonlinear mechanical oscillator. The model consists of a rigid body which rests on a foundation with nonlinear stiffness. This body can exhibit both vertical and rocking motions, which are coupled through the nonlinearities only. In the present study, attention is focused on the response of the system under external harmonic excitation of the vertical translation only, leading to conditions of subharmonic resonance of order three. Also, the model parameters are chosen so that its two linear natural frequencies are almost identical (1:1 internal resonance). For this case, the method of multiple time scales is first applied and a set of four coupled odes is derived, governing the amplitudes and phases of approximate motions of the system. Then, determination of approximate periodic steady state response of the oscillator is reduced to solving a set of four nonlinear algebraic equations. It is shown that besides linear and nonlinear single-mode response, two-mode response is also possible, due to the internal resonance. In addition, the stability of the various single- and two-mode periodic responses of the system is analyzed. In the last part of the work, the analytical findings are verified and complemented by numerical results. The main interest lies on identifying the effect of system parameters on the existence and stability of the predicted motions. The results of this study reveal patterns of appearance of these motions, which provide valuable help in the efforts to eliminate them. Finally, direct integration of the original equations of motion reveals the existence of other more complex motions, which coexist with the analytically predicted motions within the frequency ranges of interest.

Abstract This paper deals with the nonlinear dynamics and the stability of cantilevered pipes conveying fluid, where the fluid has a harmonic component of flow velocity, assumed to be small, superposed on a constant mean value. The mean flow velocity is near the critical value for which the pipe becomes unstable by flutter through a Hopf bifurcation. The partial differential equation is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the Galerkin method. The equations of motion contain nonlinear inertial terms, and hence cannot be put into standard form for numerical integration. Various approaches are adopted to tackle the problem: (a) a perturbation method via which the nonlinear inertial terms are removed by finding an equivalent term using the linear equation; the system is then put into first-order form and integrated using a Runge-Kutta scheme; (b) a finite difference method based on Houbolt’s scheme, which leads to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations that is solved with a Newton-Raphson approach; (c) the stability boundaries are obtained using an incremental harmonic balance method as proposed by S.L. Lau. Using the three methods, the dynamics of the pipe conveying fluid is investigated in detail. For example, the effects of (i) the forcing frequency, (ii) the perturbation amplitude, and (iii) the flow velocity are considered. Particular attention is paid to the effects of the nonlinear terms. These results are compared with experiments undertaken in our laboratory, utilizing elastomer pipes conveying water. The pulsating component of the flow is generated by a plunger pump, and the motions are monitored by a noncontacting optical follower system. It is shown, both numerically and experimentally, that periodic and quasiperiodic oscillations can exist, depending on the parameters.