Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Ligthart, Sjors, Tijs Kooijmans, Thomas Douglas e Gerben Meynen. "Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, n. 4 (ottobre 2021): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180121000141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe current debate on closed-loop brain devices (CBDs) mainly focuses on their use in a medical context; possible criminal justice applications have only received incidental scholarly attention. Unlike in medicine, in criminal justice, CBDs might be offered on behalf of the State and for the purpose of protecting security, rather than realizing healthcare aims. It would be possible to deploy CBDs in the rehabilitation of convicted offenders, similarly to the much-debated possibility of employing other brain interventions in this context. Although such use of CBDs could in principle be consensual, there are significant differences between the choice faced by a criminal offender offered a CBD in the context of criminal justice, and that faced by a patient offered a CBD in an ordinary healthcare context. Employment of CBDs in criminal justice thus raises ethical and legal intricacies not raised by healthcare applications. This paper examines some of these issues under three heads: autonomy, human rights, and accountability.
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Cohen, Chelsea Blackburn. "World-Class Universities and Institutional Autonomy in China". International Higher Education, n. 99 (17 settembre 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.99.11669.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the release of Scholars at Risk’s (SAR’s) Obstacles to Excellence: Academic Freedom and China’s Quest for World-Class Universities, institutional autonomy ascends to the fore. In China’s pursuit to transform its institutions into world-class universities, global rankings have offered metrics to purported advancement but too often lack consideration of academic freedom and institutional autonomy, permitting only a shrinking space for vital questions as China applies enormous effort to impose control while seeking the status of a world-class knowledge producer.
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Hanssen, Ingrid. "An Intercultural Nursing Perspective on Autonomy". Nursing Ethics 11, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733004ne664oa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is based on an empirical study regarding ethical challenges in intercultural nursing. The focus is on autonomy and disclosure. Autonomy is a human capacity that has become an important ethical principle in nursing. Although the relationship between autonomy and patients’ possibly harmful choices is discussed, the focus is on ‘forced’ autonomy. Nurses seem to equate respect with autonomy; it seems to be hard to cope with the fact that there are patients who voluntarily undergo treatment but who actively participate neither in the treatment offered nor in making choices regarding that treatment. Nurses’ demand for patients to be autonomous may in some cases jeopardize the respect, integrity and human worth that the ethical principle of autonomy is meant to ensure. Even though respect for a person’s autonomy is also respect for the person, one’s respect for the person in question should not depend on his or her capacity or aptitude to act autonomously. Is autonomy necessarily a universal ethical principle? This article negates this question and, through the issues of culture, individualism versus collectivism, first- and second- order autonomy, communication and the use of family interpreters, and respect, an attempt is made to explain why.
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Gilbert, G., e M. Sutherland. "The paradox of managing autonomy and control: An exploratory study". South African Journal of Business Management 44, n. 1 (30 marzo 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v44i1.144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Managers are frequently offered conflicting advice as to how to increase organisational success. One of these complex dilemmas is whether to grant employees autonomy, which may lead to self-management and empowerment or alternatively, exercise control which may enable managers to retain a well-focussed and goal driven workforce. This research focuses on the key factors that influence the various combinations of autonomy and control and their respective outcomes. Qualitative exploratory research was conducted using in-depth interviews with 16 leading South African management and Human Resource experts to uncover their insights regarding this dilemma. The findings suggest that combinations of autonomy and control can co-exist. Management are able to create environments with high levels of autonomy whilst simultaneously retaining high levels of monitoring and oversight when the management control is indirect. It was found that the seemingly contradictory practices of autonomy versus control are a paradox, not a dilemma. Seventeen factors were identified that influence the different levels of autonomy and control in organisations.
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Yuliantini, Linda. "Measuring the Autonomy of Female Family Heads in Savings and Loans Activities at a Microfinance Institution". Jurnal Perempuan 23, n. 4 (30 novembre 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v23i4.272.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>It is important to study the autonomy of women's autonomy, because it is relational, multidimensional and influences the lives of women, especially regarding actions and decision-making in all aspects of their lives. This research explores the autonomy of female household heads (PEKKA) in savings and loan activities at a microfinance institution both individually and collectively. Pekka's individual autonomy is seen in the context of power through <em>power within</em>, <em>power to</em>, and <em>power over</em>, while collective autonomy is in line with the <em>power with</em> concept offered by Linda Mayoux. This study uses a qualitative approach with a female perspective. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with five subjects that were selected purposively. The results showed that participation in savings and credit activities increased the autonomy of individual female heads of household more significantly compared to collective autonomy in groups.</p><p> </p>
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Alrashidi, Oqab. "Exploring Learner Autonomy: Secondary School EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in the Saudi Context". World Journal of English Language 12, n. 8 (5 ottobre 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Learner autonomy is considered one of the fundamental factors leading to success in foreign language learning. This research study explored 76 Saudi secondary school EFL teachers’ beliefs and reported practices of learner autonomy. The English Language Teachers’ Beliefs about Learner Autonomy Questionnaire (Borg & Al-Busaidi, 2012a) was employed as the data collection tool. The results indicated that the teachers had positive perceptions of various features of learner autonomy. The findings also showed that while most teachers positively desired to implement learner autonomy principles in their teaching, they were less optimistic about the feasibility of developing these principles in practice. In addition, most of the teachers indicated that they offered their students opportunities to promote learner autonomy. However, the majority of the teachers did not view their students as autonomous. They identified four main factors that contributed to their perceptions of a lack of learner autonomy in their students: lack of motivation, students’ low proficiency in English, students’ overdependence on their teachers, and limited time allocated for teaching the syllabus.
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Blackburn Cohen, Chelsea. "World-Class Universities and Institutional Autonomy in China". International Higher Education, n. 99 (24 settembre 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.99.11699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the release of Scholars at Risk’s (SAR’s) Obstacles to Excellence: Academic Freedom and China’s Quest for World-Class Universities, institutional autonomy ascends to the fore. In China’s pursuit to transform its institutions into world-class universities, global rankings have offered metrics to purported advancement but too often lack consideration of academic freedom and institutional autonomy, permitting only a shrinking space for vital questions as China applies enormous effort to impose control while seeking the status of a world-class knowledge producer.
This article is based on a Scholars at Risk’s report entitled Obstacles to Excellence: Academic Freedom and China’s Quest for World-Class Universities, available on SAR’s website at https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/.
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Roper, Jack. "Take Control". Industrial Vehicle Technology International 29, n. 1 (marzo 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1471-115x(23)70212-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
REMOTE CONTROL IS EVOLVING, FROM A NICHE AFTERMARKET ADD-ON FOR LIMITED APPLICATIONS SUCH AS MINING, TO A FUNCTION INCREASINGLY OFFERED AS A STANDARD UPGRADE BY MAJOR OEMS, FOR USE IN CONSTRUCTION AND BEYOND, POINTING THE WAY TO FULL AUTONOMY
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Alpa, Guido. "Party Autonomy and Choice of Law Applicable to Domestic Contracts". European Business Law Review 25, Issue 5 (1 ottobre 2014): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2014028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Until some years ago the principle of sovereignty prevailed over the principle of freedom of contract and the parties, whether they had the same citizenship, could not choose a foreign law applicable to their transaction. A broad interpretation of Regulation Rome I leads to a more liberal choice. In this contribution the Author explores the boundaries of freedom of choice and tries to envisage the opportunities offered to the parties by a comparative perspective of legal systems.
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Scott, P. Anne, Maritta Välimäki, Helena Leino-Kilpi, Theo Dassen, Maria Gasull, Chryssoula Lemonidou, Marianne Arndt, Anja Schopp, Riitta Suhonen e Anne Kaljonen. "Perceptions of Autonomy in the Care of Elderly People in Five European Countries". Nursing Ethics 10, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne572oa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The focus of this article is perceptions of elderly patients and nurses regarding patients’ autonomy in nursing practice. Autonomy is empirically defined as having two components: information received/given as a prerequisite and decision making as the action. The results indicated differences between staff and patient perceptions of patient autonomy for both components in all five countries in which this survey was conducted. There were also differences between countries in the perceptions of patients and nurses regarding the frequency with which patients received information from nursing staff or were offered opportunities to make decisions. This is the second of a set of five articles published together in this issue of Nursing Ethics in which the results of this comparative research project are presented.
Tesi sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Filho, Carlos Roberto Rodrigues. "The Evolution of the Computation Project for an Artificial Intelligence and the new Perspectives Offered by the Advances of the Enactive Cognition". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8788.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃO desenvolvimento da Ãrea de InteligÃncia Artificial (IA) trouxe grandes avanÃos para a resoluÃÃo de problemas computacionalmente difÃceis. No entanto, a meta inicial da IA, de implementaÃÃo de uma inteligÃncia genuÃna de forma artificial, ainda nÃo foi alcanÃada. Por isso, a grande maioria dos pesquisadores da Ãrea mudou o foco de suas pesquisas para resoluÃÃo de problemas, em geral abandonando a meta de uma inteligÃncia artificial. Para continuar perseguindo essa meta, outros pesquisadores passaram a questionar os princÃpios filosÃficos da IA e tomar novos rumos. Alguns deles perceberam que o processo da inteligÃncia nÃo à puramente mental. De acordo com essa nova visÃo, o corpo tem um papel fundamental no processo cognitivo. A partir desse ponto de vista, visando superar obstÃculos tradicionais da IA, surgiu a IA Corporificada. Esta tem uma forte tendÃncia a implementaÃÃo em robÃs, para se desenvolver um melhor projeto sobre o corpo. PorÃm, apesar de ter obtido avanÃos em relaÃÃo a problema da IA tradicional, a IA Corporificada comeÃou a apresentar suas prÃprias limitaÃÃes. Surgiu entÃo a ideia de que um agente genuinamente inteligente deve formular seus prÃprios problemas a partir da percepÃÃo da realidade, construÃda em termo do seus aparato sensÃrio-motor. Em outras palavras, a inteligÃncia genuÃna està ligada à autonomia do agente. A IA Enativa surgiu influenciada por estudos biolÃgicos a respeito da autonomia. Nessa Ãrea da IA a meta à construir um agente artificial autÃnomo. Este trabalho relata a trajetÃria da IA desde a sua fundaÃÃo, passando pela vertente da IA Corporificada, e apontando um possÃvel novo paradigma da IA Enativa. AlÃm disso, nÃs Analisamos e discutimos os processos que levaram pesquisadores a questionar o embasamento filosÃfico da IA e a formular novos conceitos a respeito do que à inteligÃncia.
The development in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field brought great improvement to the resolution of computationally hard problems. However, the early goal of AI, of implementing a genuine intelligence in an artificial way, was not achieved. Therefore most of the fieldâs researchers changed their researchâs focus to problem resolution, quitting the goal of an artificial intelligence. To keep pursuing that goal others researchers started questioning the philosophical principles of AI and they took new routes. Some of them realized that the process of intelligence is not purely mental. According to this new view the body has a fundamental role in the cognitive process. From this point of view, aiming to overcome traditional obstacles of AI, the Embodied AI emerged. It has a strong tendency to implementation in robots, to develop a better design of the body. Despite having achieved improvements over the problem of traditional AI, Embodied AI started to present its own limitations. Then came the idea that a genuinely intelligent agent must formulate its own problems from the perception of reality, constructed in terms of their sensory-motor apparatus. In other words, the genuine intelligence is linked to the agentâs autonomy. The Enactive AI appeared influenced by biological studies about autonomy. In this AI field the goal is to build an autonomous artificial agent. This paper reports the trajectory of AI since its foundation, through strand of Embodied AI, and pointing to a possible new paradigm of Enactive AI. In addition, we analyse and discuss the processes that led researchers to question the philosophical basis of IA and formulate new concepts about what intelligence is.
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Escobar, Rozas Freddy. "Ulpian’s offer: The subjective value of the patrimonial nature of the contract". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107264.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With respect to the patrimonial nature of thecontract, derived from the patrimonial nature of the benefit, a lot has been written and proposed. Authors from different periods andwith different ideas have addressed the subject, since it is fundamental to understand thebasic concepts of obligation and contractualrelationship. The stance of the majority findsthe foundation of the patrimonial nature of the benefit in being a limit to private autonomy,since such nature, which is susceptible ofeconomic value, is defined by the social context,and not by the parties.In this article, the author rejects and discusses the mentioned stance. Based on the liberty that each person has to determine what is more convenient for himself and what is more efficient in economic terms, the author defends a subjective vision of the patrimonial nature of the contractual relation, and gives a different function and foundation to the patrimonial nature of the benefit: Being essential for the calculation of the compensation in case of breach.Respecto a la patrimonialidad del contrato,derivada de la patrimonialidad de la prestación, se ha escrito y propuesto mucho. Autores de diversas épocas e ideas han tocado eltema, siendo fundamental para entender los conceptos básicos de obligación y relacióncontractual. La postura mayoritaria encuentra el fundamento de la patrimonialidad dela prestación en ser un límite a la autonomía privada, ya que lo patrimonial, aquello susceptible de valor económico, no lo definen laspartes, si no el contexto social.En el presente artículo, el autor rechaza y discute dicha postura. Basándose en la libertad que tiene cada persona de definir lo más conveniente para sí y lo más eficiente en términos económicos, defiende una visión subjetiva de la patrimonialidad de la relación contractual y le da a la patrimonialidad de la prestación una función y un fundamento diferente: El ser indispensable para el cálculo de la indemnización en caso de incumplimiento.
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Dubois, Pascale. "La transition école-emploi de jeunes adultes présentant un trouble développemental du langage : les rôles de la motivation autonome et du soutien à l'autonomie offert par l'entourage de l'élève". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le trouble développemental du langage (TDL), qui se manifeste par des difficultés persistantes à comprendre le langage et à s’exprimer sans que celles-ci soient liées à un autre trouble connu, a un impact important sur le fonctionnement des personnes. À long terme, ces dernières sont notamment à risque de vivre des obstacles importants lors de leur transition école-emploi. Or, à ce jour, les facteurs pouvant expliquer la réussite de celle-ci chez les jeunes adultes ayant un TDL demeurent peu connus. Cette thèse vise ainsi à mieux comprendre la transition école-emploi chez cette population par l’apport de la théorie de l’autodétermination (TAD). Elle a pour objectif de valider un modèle motivationnel de cette période de vie charnière, où le soutien à l’autonomie apporté par l’entourage du jeune prédit sa motivation envers sa recherche d’emploi, qui est ensuite associée au statut de la transition (complétée ou non) et au bien-être psychologique. Elle comprend trois articles. Le premier article porte sur l’intégration des trois théories sur lesquelles se base cette thèse, soit le Modèle de développement humain et de Processus de production du handicap (MDH-PPH2), la théorie des capabilités et la TAD, en proposant le modèle d’agentivité pour orienter les pratiques auprès des personnes ayant une incapacité. Le deuxième article se concentre sur le devenir des jeunes adultes ayant un TDL par le biais d’une recension systématique, afin de cerner leurs défis et réussites dans trois sphères de vie, dont celle de l’emploi. Le rôle prédictif des habiletés langagières est également évalué pour chacun de ces domaines. Enfin, pour répondre aux objectifs de cette thèse, le troisième article présente les résultats d’une étude rétrospective réalisée auprès de 37 jeunes adultes ayant un TDL et d’une étude prospective réalisée auprès de 218 finissants du Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi (PFAE), dont 52 ont un TDL. De façon générale, les résultats obtenus soutiennent le modèle motivationnel. Dans l’étude prospective, les analyses ont porté sur l’ensemble des participants puisque les participants ayant un TDL sont comparables à leurs pairs du PFAE pour les variables mesurées. Ainsi, le soutien à l’autonomie du père et celui des amis permettent de prédire une motivation autonome envers la recherche d’emploi dans les deux études, tandis que celui des enseignants ressort dans l’étude rétrospective. Cette motivation autonome est ensuite associée au bien-être psychologique dans les deux études, et au statut de la transition école-emploi dans l’étude prospective. Ces relations sont également observées pour la motivation contrôlée. L’absence de relation entre la motivation et la transition dans l’étude rétrospective pourrait être liée aux obstacles environnementaux que ces jeunes peuvent rencontrer à plus long terme sur le marché du travail. Cette thèse permet donc de mettre de l’avant la pertinence de la TAD dans l’étude de la transition école-emploi des jeunes adultes ayant un TDL. Les concepts de soutien à l’autonomie et de motivation liés à cette théorie permettent d’expliquer une part du statut de la transition et du bien-être de ces jeunes, ce qui a diverses implications théoriques, méthodologiques et pratiques qui sont discutées. Des pistes de recherche futures sont proposées.People with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties understanding language and expressing themselves. These difficulties, which are not associated with another disorder, significantly impact their everyday functioning. For young adults, they may translate into challenges during the school-to-worktransition. As of now, little is known regarding the factors that may explain why some people with DLD succeed during this transition, while others experience major difficulties. This dissertation aims to better understand this life period for this population, under the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). The main purpose is to validate a motivational model of school-to-work transition, in which autonomy support from different sources predicts the young adult’s motivation toward the job search, which is subsequently associated with the transition success and psychological well-being. It includes three articles. The first article presents an integration of the three theories on which this dissertation is grounded, namely the Human Development Model – Disability Creation Process 2 (HDM-DCP2), the capability approach, and self-determination theory. The agency model is suggested to support the optimal development and well-being of people with disabilities. The second article is a systematic review of the outcomes of young adults with DLD that synthesizes the strengths and challenges of this population in three life domains, including employment. The predictive role of language abilities, evaluated for each domain, remains limited. Finally, to meet the objectives of this dissertation, the third article presents the results of a retrospective study (37 young adults with DLD) and a prospective study (218 students in their final year of the Work-Oriented Training Path [WOTP], including 52 with DLD). Overall, the results supported the motivational model. In the prospective study, the analyses were conducted on the whole sample because participants with DLD were similar to their peers in the WOTP on all the measured variables. Specifically, autonomy support from the father and from friends was associated to autonomous motivation toward job search in both studies, as well as autonomy support from the teachers in the retrospective study. Autonomous motivation was subsequently associated with psychological well-being in both studies, and with the success of the school-to-work transition in the prospective study. These relations were also observed for controlled motivation. The absence of relation between motivation and the success of the transition in the retrospective study could be related to environmental obstacles that these young adults encountered on the job market in the long run. This dissertation thus evidences the relevance of self-determination theory in the study of school-to-work transition of young adults with DLD. Autonomy support and motivation partly explain the school-to-work transition success and psychological well-being. These findings have important theoretical, methodological, and practical implications that are discussed. Further research avenues are also suggested.
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Henning, Susanne. "La construcción de la imagen social en dos pares adyacentes: Opinión-acuerdo/desacuerdo y ofrecimiento-aceptación/rechazo : Un estudio de la conversación familiar sueca y española". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119490.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main purpose of this study is to conduct a contrastive analysis on a corpus of Swedish and Spanish family conversations with respect to two adjacency pairs: opinion-agreement/disagreement (OADs) and offer-acceptance/rejection (OARs). On one hand, from a structural perspective, based on the methodology of Conversation Analysis, one of the objectives is to observe how (dis)preferred turns of the OADs and OARs are managed by the interlocutors. On the other hand, from a functional perspective, based on the methodology of Sociocultural Pragmatics, the intention is to study how face is constructed and how politeness is managed by the family members when expressing OADs and OARs. The structural analysis of OADs and OARs shows that the majority of agreements and acceptances follow the rules for preferred turns proposed by orthodox conversation analysts, i.e. they appear directly after the first part of the adjacency pair (opinion or offer), and they are brief and unambiguous. However, the structural analysis also reveals that 70% (Swedish corpus) and 72% (Spanish corpus) of the disagreements as well as 64% (Swedish corpus) and 70% (Spanish corpus) of the rejections have a tendency to not follow the proposed rules for dispreferred turns, i.e. they are not delayed or accompanied by hesitations, justifications, etc. and nor are they evaluated as dispreferred by the participants. This indicates that social perspective, especially face, has to be considered when deciding what is considered (dis)preferred. The functional analysis of the OADs indicates that the majority of the disagreements in both Swedish (68%) and Spanish (79%) corpus are not mitigated, but rather are expressed in a fairly direct manner. Swedes tend to avoid disagreements, and therefore we expected to find a major difference between the two groups. One explanation could be that family members enjoy close relationships, and therefore the Swedes feel free to express their disagreements. As for the impact on the family members face, in both groups, it is both autonomy face and affiliation face that are influenced when OADs are expressed. As for agreement, for example, it is usually autonomy face that is affected. We interpret this as a way for the participants to show that both speakers and listeners have valuable opinions that deserve to be both voiced and commented on. This reveals the more discursive (rather than ritual) nature of OADs. In addition, the functional study of OARs shows that acceptances and rejections in both corpora are expressed using both ritual and attenuating politeness according to the norms required by the situation. Concerning the impact on face, autonomy face has different requirements in the two cultures: in the Swedish conversations, it is important to offer food without insisting several times, and in the Spanish corpus, it is important to offer food more than one or two times, and there is also a tendency to refuse the offer several times before accepting it. Therefore, according to one’s situational role, one has to know how to both give and receive offers, which points to the more ritual nature of OARs. Finally, we want to emphasize that by adding a social perspective to the structural one, we can interpret the meaning of the conversations in a way that provides a broader understanding of what is being said as participants express OADs and OARs.
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Tran, Ha Thi Ngoc. "English language learner autonomy in the Vietnamese higher education context: enabling factors and barriers arising from assessment practice". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Learner autonomy has gained particular attention in Vietnamese higher education since a major education reform launched in 2005. Although a number of studies have been conducted to investigate the concept in the Vietnamese higher education context, most of them have focused on exploring teachers’ and students’ perceptions and beliefs around the concept of autonomy (T. V. Nguyen, 2011; Dang, 2012; Humphreys & Wyatt, 2013; T. N. Nguyen, 2014), and on the possibility of promoting it in Vietnamese universities (Trinh, 2005; L. T. C. Nguyen, 2009; Q. X. Le, 2013; Phan, 2015). There appear to be no studies on the demonstration of learner autonomy and the potential factors, including factors relating to assessment practice, that support or inhibit its demonstration in the Vietnamese higher education context. Building on a social constructivist paradigm and sociocultural theories of learning, this qualitative case study aims to investigate the demonstration of learner autonomy in the context of assessment in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in a university in Vietnam, and the (potential) factors in assessment that facilitate or constrain the demonstration of learner autonomy in that context. The data were collected through participant observation of teachers’ and students’ practices in three EFL classes at the university during a complete semester, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with three teachers and sixteen students, and post-observation interviews with the three teachers and their students. Additional data which characterised the context of the study were gathered and included documents at the researched university relating to higher education policies, assessment policies, English teaching and learning policies, EFL curriculum and syllabus, test samples, and English teaching textbooks. The study found that students generally demonstrated a low level of autonomy in the classroom despite their positive attitude towards the concept and their awareness of its role in English learning. Primary contributing factors included negative washback of current assessment systems on teaching and learning practices, prescribed assessment practices in the class, teachers’ and learners’ limited and divergent understanding about the concept of learner autonomy, and their limited understanding about the role of assessment in learning in general and in learner autonomy promotion and development in particular. The study also found that students who stated that English was relevant to their personal needs were generally more autonomous outside of the classroom than inside it. Findings from this study support the view that learner autonomy reflects the relationship between learners and the learning environment, and is an emergent product of the interaction between learners and contextual factors including their teacher, their peers, the learning task, class rules and values, and university values and regulations. The study’s findings are significant, as they highlight the social dimension of learner autonomy and the importance of facilitating favourable conditions for teachers to provide learner autonomy and for learners to manifest it. The study also highlights the need to reconsider assessment practices to promote learner autonomy.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Education, 2019
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Sousa, Maria do Céu Pereira de. ""FILOSOFIA PARA CRIANÇAS” NO PLANO PSICOPEDAGÓGICO DO ENSINO BÁSICO: UMA ABORDAGEM PARA DESENVOLVER COMPETÊNCIAS E CONSTRUIR AUTONOMIA". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoA educação das crianças e jovens em pleno século XXI requer a promoção de aprendizagens múltiplas, atitudes empáticas, empreendedoras, de participação cidadã, e conhecimentos e competências aprofundados para além dos conteúdos das disciplinas “tradicionais” ou das aprendizagens escolares essenciais reportadas à matriz curricular. O Perfil do Aluno à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória salienta a necessidade de uma tal formação integral e, consequentemente, uma avaliação a “360º”, o que remete para o contributo da Psicologia, designadamente, na Educação, no apoio ao desenvolvimento e aconselhamento, seja, na gestão das aprendizagens e qualidade dos processos de educação / formação. Conscientes da importância da capacitação multifacetada, da compreensão e promoção cognitiva a par de comportamentos afetivos, sociais, competências motoras, linguagens diversas, criatividade e flexibilidade para um adequado confronto com as transformações e desafios da vida em sociedade, este estudo desenvolveu-se a partir do interesse em explorar o lugar da psicologia no acompanhamento e avaliação do potencial de uma oferta educativa diversificada. Concretamente, este estudo visa analisar e clarificar como é que a introdução de atividades de “Filosofia para Crianças” e valorização de expressões artísticas no plano pedagógico pode favorecer o sucesso e satisfação de alunos e professores, concretamente, ao nível do 1º ciclo de escolaridade. Tendo-se partido de um desenho de um estudo de caso de diferenciação pedagógica numa escola, por impedimento de recolha de dados (confinamento causado pela pandemia de covid-19) veio a optar-se por um estudo de revisão de documentos, com a finalidade de articular fundamentos teóricos socio-construtivistas assentes no modelo de desenvolvimento de Vygotsky, com políticas educativas ao nível do reforço da autonomia das escolas e das estratégias educativas diferenciadas e critérios de desenvolvimento psicopedagógico. Conclui-se pelo benefício da integração curricular de aprendizagens diversas e co-construção de conhecimentos.
The education of children and young people in the 21st century requires the promotion of multiple learning, empathic and enterprising attitudes, citizen participation, and in-depth knowledge and skills beyond the contents of "traditional" subjects or the essential school learning reported in the curriculum. The “Perfil do Aluno à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória” (Profile of the Pupil Leaving Compulsory Education) highlights the need for such a comprehensive training and, consequently, a "360º" evaluation, which refers to the contribution of Psychology, particularly in Education, in supporting the development and counselling, both in the management of learning and in the quality of the education / training processes. Aware of the importance of multifaceted training, understanding and cognitive promotion alongside affective and social behaviour, motor skills, different languages, creativity and flexibility for an adequate confrontation with the transformations and challenges of life in society, this study was developed from the interest in exploring the place of psychology in monitoring and assessing the potential of a diversified educational offer. Specifically, this study aims to analyse and clarify how the introduction of "Philosophy for Children" activities and the valorisation of artistic expressions in the pedagogical plan may favour the success and satisfaction of students and teachers, specifically, at the 1st cycle of schooling. Having started from a case study design of pedagogical differentiation in a school, due to the impossibility of data collection (confinement caused by covid-19 pandemic), a document review study was chosen, with the purpose of articulating socio-constructivist theoretical foundations based on Vygotsky's development model, with educational policies at the level of the reinforcement of school autonomy and differentiated educational strategies and criteria of psycho-pedagogical development. It concludes with the benefit of curricular integration of diverse learning and co-construction of knowledge.
Libri sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Federighi, Paolo, e Francesca Torlone, a cura di. A Guarantee System for Youth Policies. “One Step Ahead” Towards employment and autonomy. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-468-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study examines a vast panorama of the policies on which depend the living and working conditions of young people. Measures were examined that can be enacted on a regional level starting from the concrete experience of 6 Regional Governments in as many European countries. The book shows that a true “Youth Guarantee” must guarantee support for the complexity of the transitions that characterise young person’s life and shows how this must be adapted to the different conditions the various segments of young population live in. The wealth and variety of concrete experiences offered by regional policies show how it is possible to activate public ations that, having adequate ingredients, will be able to lessen the negative effects of the economic crisis and allow young people to take one step ahead at any time in their private and professional life.
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Ökonomische Wirkungen von autonomen Angebots- und Nachfrageänderungen in offenen Volkwirtschaften: Eine Erweiterung des Mundell-Fleming-Modells. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
Cerca il testo completo
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Macauley, Robert C. Physician-Assisted Dying (DRAFT). A cura di Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Physician-assisted dying (PAD) is now legal in several states, as well as some foreign countries. The primary arguments to justify the practice include autonomy, compassion, justice, non-abandonment, and transparency. Counterarguments include the wrongness of killing, the impact on the physician-patient relationship, potential exploitation of the vulnerable, and the slippery slope. While some oppose the practice on religious or purely moral grounds, a compelling public policy argument can be made against it without holding that every possible case of PAD is “immoral.” If the sole consideration is patient autonomy and relief of suffering, assisted dying could be offered without physician involvement,as is the case in some other countries. Without the imprimatur of the medical profession, however, PAD may not achieve the societal acceptance that advocates seek.
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Waring, Hansun Zhang, e Gahye Song. Advice in Education. A cura di Erina L. MacGeorge e Lyn M. Van Swol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.013.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter considers how advising has been researched in a range of educational settings, including academic (educational) counseling, professional supervision, peer tutoring, and parent-teacher conferences. Working with data collected from naturally occurring interaction and drawing upon a wide variety of analytical approaches, scholars of educational advising have offered important insights into how advice is given and received as well as the various issues and challenges featured in the advising encounter. These issues and challenges include tensions between clarity and politeness, development and assessment, and guidance and autonomy. The chapter concludes by considering the practical implications of the research so far and suggesting future directions for scholarship in educational advising.
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Remes, Jacob A. C. “The Relief Would Have Had to Pay Someone”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039836.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines how the people of Halifax integrated disaster relief aid into their complex family economies following the explosion. Relief workers and managers offered aid that seemed obvious after the Halifax explosion destroyed houses and rendered them uninhabitable. However, only a few people availed themselves of the help extended by the army, people, and institutions of Halifax, often preferring to stay in their ruined houses, in the overcrowded homes of their friends and relatives, or even in hastily jerry-rigged shacks. Drawing on a random sample of 739 case files of the Halifax Relief Commission, this chapter considers how survivors and other Haligonians engaged in delicate, subtle, and often tacit negotiations as they sought to maximize the material aid they claimed from the state while minimizing the autonomy and privacy the state took from them in return. It shows that many Haligonians rejected, or tried to reject, the new bureaucratic machine that offered them money and other material aid, and instead turned to the reciprocal solidarity of people they knew.
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Feinberg, Walter. Religion and the Public School Curriculum. A cura di Michael D. Waggoner e Nathan C. Walker. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199386819.013.22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter provides background information on the relationship between religion and public schools and then describes the different kinds of religion courses currently offered in some public schools. While the US Supreme Court has banned compulsory devotional religious exercises, it has not banned the nondevotional teaching of religion. The different types of religion courses command different kinds of justifications, and the legal and educational merits of these justifications are presented. The author concludes by proposing a case for teaching religion that is both constitutionally and educationally acceptable. This case rests upon the importance of the development of autonomy to the liberal tradition, and it shows how the teaching of religion as a humanistic study can serve this ideal.
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Weiskopf, Daniel A. The Explanatory Autonomy of Cognitive Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Psychology and neuroscience offer distinctive ways of modeling the mind/brain. However, cognitive and neural models often have significantly different structures, raising challenging questions about how they should be integrated to provide a complete picture of how the mind/brain system is organized. According to a certain mechanistic perspective, cognitive models should be viewed as being sketchy, incomplete versions of the fuller and more adequate models produced by neuroscience. Psychology is essentially an approximation to the mechanistic explanations given in neuroscience. Cognitive models are inherently inadequate, pending their gaps being filled in by a completed neuroscientific model. I argue that cognitive models are autonomous: they are sufficient in themselves to give adequate explanations of psychological and behavioral phenomena. In particular, they are not mere sketches, or approximations to underlying neuroscientific explanations. I offer a criterion for how psychological entities and processes may be real despite not mapping onto entities in neural mechanisms.
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Bergeson-Lockwood, Millington W. Race Over Party. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640419.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In late nineteenth-century Boston, battles over black party loyalty were fights over the place of African Americans in the post–Civil War nation. In his fresh in-depth study of black partisanship and politics, Millington W. Bergeson-Lockwood demonstrates that party politics became the terrain upon which black Bostonians tested the promise of equality in America’s democracy. Most African Americans remained loyal Republicans, but Race Over Party highlights the actions and aspirations of a cadre of those who argued that the GOP took black votes for granted and offered little meaningful reward for black support. These activists branded themselves “independents,” forging new alliances and advocating support of whichever candidate would support black freedom regardless of party. By the end of the century, however, it became clear that partisan politics offered little hope for the protection of black rights and lives in the face of white supremacy and racial violence. Even so, Bergeson-Lockwood shows how black Bostonians’ faith in self-reliance, political autonomy, and dedicated organizing inspired future generations of activists who would carry these legacies into the foundation of the twentieth-century civil rights movement.
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King, Pamela Ebstyne, e Christine M. Merola. Crucibles of Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although rates of institutional civic engagement among those in their twenties are low and emerging adults have been characterized as individualistic, this period of life is a time of immense growth and exploration as emerging adults seek to establish their identity with newfound freedoms and autonomy. Utilizing the lens of thriving and the metaphor of a crucible, we explore religious service as a means of strengthening the identity and purpose of individuals in the second decade of life. We describe potential benefits of religious service for emerging adults found within the ideological, social, and transcendent contexts embedded within religious volunteerism. Narratives and experiences of highly religious and spiritual young people from around the world are offered to provide further understanding of the potential role of religious service in the lives of diverse emerging adults.
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Smith, Caleb. Who Wouldn’t Want to Be a Person? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an influential 2005 article, Julie Stone Peters analyzed the state of law and literature scholarship and offered her prognosis for the future of an “interdisciplinary illusion.” This chapter reviews trends in law and literature scholarship of the decade that followed. It observes the prominence of historical approaches that treat law and literature not as universals but as contingent fields and institutions whose relations change over time. It goes on to show how historicism has re-evaluated the key concept of personhood, seeking forms of agency and belonging that do not conform to liberal ideals of individual autonomy or contractual consent. A “postcritical” turn in interpretive scholarship and a rising interest in mixed, compromised forms of selfhood are considered in relation to the precarious conditions of legal and literary studies within the contemporary university.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Miadzvetskaya, Yuliya. "Between Strategic Autonomy and International Norm-setting". In Global Studies, 261–86. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457474-011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the 2016 EU Global Strategy (EUGS), today's world is characterized by an increased strategic competition and rising threats to multilateralism and a rules-based order. In this fast-evolving environment, the EU has shifted from its traditional “values-based” approach in foreign policy to a “principled pragmatism”. This holds that the EU should solidify relations with countries with shared values, while also engaging strategically with rivals. The EU's goal is to protect its strategic interests in the world marked by the US-China rivalry, a confrontational relationship with the Trump administration, and Russia's growing ambitions in their shared neighborhood. The present chapter examines some aspects of the EU's efforts to secure its autonomy in an emergent terrain for international competition: cyberspace. The analysis will begin with an explanation of the broader context for the EU's approach to cybersecurity, which should be understood as part of the Union's longstanding pursuit of “strategic autonomy” in an increasingly competitive geopolitical environment. It then offers a description of deterrence theory and its application to cyberspace, before turning to the development of the EU Cyber Diplomacy toolbox and targeted restrictive measures in response to cyberattacks. It will then seek to assess the deterrence potential of restrictive measures on the basis of some generic attributes of the concept of deterrence identified in rich theoretic contributions on deterrence theory and cyberspace. It concludes that while sanctions might appear to be ineffective and non-aligned with the operational characteristics of the cyber domain, their potential for establishing good practices should not be discarded. They should instead be used as a vehicle for promoting and informing the international discourse on the norms of responsible state behavior in cyberspace.
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Djordjević, Ljubica. "Non-Territorial Autonomy and Minority Rights: Impact of the Self-Governing National Communities on Minority Protection in Slovenia". In Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 139–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSlovenia’s highly developed system of national minority protection has several distinctive features, one of which is the existence of self-governing national communities (SGNCs) for the Italian and Hungarian communities. The model combines personal and territorial elements in an interesting way: self-governing communities can only be established on ‘ethnically mixed territories’, but they are elected solely by persons registered as belonging to the respective community. There is also a second tier: regional SGNCs, with indirectly elected members representing local SGNCs. Most of their competences (on both levels) fall under the category of ‘shared rule’, i.e. they participate in managing institutions (schools, for instance) or in decision-making by providing consent or opinion, while no state powers (for example, in education or culture) are entirely delegated to these bodies.The SGNCs are deeply entrenched in the Slovenian system of minority protection, but are often taken for granted and are rarely assessed with regard to their real impact. There is no systematic monitoring of their performance, and evidence-tracking of their work is scarce and scattered. Against this background, this paper is based on an analysis of the implementation monitoring of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) in Slovenia, and focuses on the issues pertinent to the SGNCs that have appeared in the monitoring so far. The general finding is that, while the institutional position and the formal role of the SGNCs have been acknowledged, their concrete contribution and impact on the implementation of minority rights as indirectly stipulated in the FCNM have been addressed in a rather superficial way. Nevertheless, the monitoring documents offer a valuable insight into the issues pertinent to the functioning of the SGNCs that have attracted attention in almost 25 years of monitoring practice. This paper offers a brief overview of the most striking issues relevant to the functioning of the SGNCs and the implementation of minority rights, as documented in the FCNM monitoring.
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Đurić, Vladimir, e Vasilije Marković. "The Role of Law and Non-Territorial Autonomy Arrangements in the Implementation of Linguistic Rights: A Comparative Perspective". In Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 9–23. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper offers a comparative overview and analysis of legal frameworks governing the role of non-territorial autonomy (NTA) arrangements in the implementation of linguistic rights. In many countries where institutionalised NTA arrangements exist, NTA bodies have public powers and a recognised role, inter alia, in the implementations of those rights. Therefore, the paper will first analyse the normative framework of public powers of such bodies. Bearing in mind that the scope of public powers in the field of exercising linguistic rights is variable, the focus of this paper will be on the analysis of comparative compliance and the scope that NTA arrangements can achieve in the implementation of linguistic rights. Some of the powers in the field of language rights that will be analysed in this context refer to the role of the NTA arrangements in terms of determining the name of the language of a community represented by such arrangements, its standardisation and official use. In that sense, particular focus will be put on the analysis of the distinctive role of the councils of national minorities in the Republic of Serbia in terms of determining the traditional names of settlements. This unique form of public power of the NTA arrangement is somewhat contradictory in the Serbian legal system, since it is, on the one hand, set as a very extensive and authoritative power, and on the other hand, under the threat of transferring its exercise to the government, it is limited by short deadlines.
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Schmitz, Daniela, Manfred Fiedler e Heike Becker. "Studieren in Zeiten von Corona". In Hochschulbildung: Lehre und Forschung, 61–76. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456903-006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie selbstbestimmtes, berufsbegleitendes Studieren im coronageprägten digitalen Semester möglich war, welche Faktoren die Motivation für das Studium beeinflussten. In einer Online-Befragung wurden aus den Kategorien Kompetenz, Autonomie und soziale Eingebundenheit der Selbstbestimmungstheorie offene und geschlossene Fragen kombiniert. Bei der sozialen Eingebundenheit wurde deutlich, dass Routinen des studentischen Alltags nur zum Teil aufgefangen werden konnten, da digitale Kommunikationen das Bedürfnis nach sozialer Eingebundenheit nicht komplett ermöglichen. Hinsichtlich erlebter Autonomie war entscheidend, wie die digitale Lehre bewertet wurde. Die Kompetenzen wurden je nach Bewertung des digitalen Studierens unterschiedlich eingeschätzt. Für digitale Lehrveranstaltungen ist soziale Eingebundenheit der relevante Gestaltungsfaktor.
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Chokvasin, Theptawee. "Mobile Phone and Autonomy". In Mobile Computing, 2066–78. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch167.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter is to offer a critical study of what the human living condition would be like in a new era of hi-tech mobilization, especially the condition of self-government or autonomy, and how, in the Thai perspective, the condition affects culture. Habermas’ analysis of individuation through socialization and Heidegger’s question concerning technology and being are used in the study, and it is revealed that we are now confronted with a new technological condition of positioned individuals in the universe of communication through mobile phones. This situation surely will be realized in a world highly mobilized by the phenomenon of connectedness. This means that we are concerning ourselves with our concrete individuality for our self-expression in that universe. I offer an interpretation that we would hold this kind of individuality to be valuable because of an effect from technological thinking. In addition, comparing this view on individuality with Buddhism, I found that the view offered here is not similar to the Buddhist concept of self as a construction. I offer an argument to show that these concepts are basically different for ethical reasons; while the Buddhist concept still preserves the nobility of the moral agent (Buddhism, after all, is a religion and needs to concern itself with morality), the concrete individuality discussed here is considered only as an instrumental value in a world of hi-tech mobilization.
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Davies, Gareth. "Interpretative Pluralism and the Constitutionalization of the EU Legal Order". In Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union, 124–41. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897541.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Constitutional pluralism tries to provide a legitimating theoretical frame for stubborn disagreements between the European Court of Justice and national constitutional courts. However, in accepting the legal separateness of constitutions and EU law it offers a depressingly Cold War vision of the European constitutional space. Interpretative pluralism instead conceives of these texts as a composite whole, with the task of courts to read them as such, seeking interpretations of one that do not do violence to the other. The disagreements between courts should not be about which text takes precedence, but about what they mean. The difference in practice is that national constitutional courts should never say that EU law conflicts with their constitutions. Rather, they should read it so that it does not, even if that means disagreeing with an interpretation offered by the European Court of Justice. Normatively this approach has the merit that it encourages national courts to engage more deeply with EU law, a necessary step in the construction of a working and legitimate European legal order. Descriptively, it also corresponds increasingly to what national apex courts actually do.
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Jackson, Chandra L., Soomi Lee, Tori L. Crain e Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD. "Bidirectional Relationships Between Work and Sleep". In The Social Epidemiology of Sleep, 351–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190930448.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on how work and work experiences such as occupational demands, job autonomy, job stress, work hours, and work-related discrimination influence sleep across populations. A model of sleep and work is offered that accounts for the role of social factors. Empirical evidence demonstrates how these work factors such as occupational demands, autonomy, work schedules, long work hours, selection or placement into labor market sectors, work stress, social support at work, and work-related discrimination impact sleep health. Epidemiological evidence is further provided for sleep health disparities in the work–sleep relationship by race/ethnicity and immigration status.
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Haskell, Molly. "The Mad Housewives of the Neo-Woman’s Film". In When the Movies Mattered, 18–35. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501736094.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this chapter Molly Haskell revisits her landmark book, From Reverence to Rape, which argued that the star system of the classical studio period offered leading actresses power, autonomy and even a subversive feminism that was, ironically, undermined by the freedoms offered by the New Hollywood. In retrospect, however, and with a close consideration of specific films and their interesting, idiosyncratic portrayals, Haskell here considers whether in fact these wayward and searching women, characters unglued and actresses without conventional star personae, can be seen as part of the general sense of rebellion against old norms and social strictures.
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"SECURITY AND AUTONOMY: CRITERIA FOR JUDGING THE QUALITY OF CARE OFFERED TO ADOLESCENTS IN TIME-LIMITED PLACEMENTS". In Quality of Life, 163–78. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203422922-19.
Testo completo
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Lewis, Nicole, Ryan Andrew Nivens, Jamie Price, Jennifer Price e Anant Godbole. "Pandemic-Driven Mathematical Initiatives within the East Tennessee State University Center of STEM Education". In Building on the Past to Prepare for the Future, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of The Mathematics Education for the Future Project, King's College,Cambridge, Aug 8-13, 2022, 304–9. WTM-Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959872188.0.056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We describe three Mathematics Education initiatives launched as a result of the global pandemic. (i) The Eastman-funded MathElites professional development (PD) program for K-8 teachers was offered online. Teachers were vastly more involved due to their greater autonomy. Old outcomes and those from 2020 will be compared. (ii) ETSU’s Governor’s School, which offers high school students Statistics and Biology college courses, went online too, and we used Columbia University Virology lessons and Covid19 data sets to make the courses more engaging to students. Student projects were assessed to be of a higher quality than in years past. (iii)With Niswonger Foundation support,we have launched a PD thrust for teachers in 2021, in the new areas of Epidemiology, Artificial Intelligence, and Statistics-with-R.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Mejtoft, Thomas, Tonje Lindmark, Ulrik Söderström e Helen Cripps. "The user experience of personalized content". In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Content in digital services is often filtered for users based on individual preferences with the possible consequence of creating a state referred to as a “filter bubble”. The objective of this paper is to examine which of a user’s inherent needs that are important to satisfy when a user is consuming personalized content in a digital service. The paper uses a survey to measure the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness of the SelfDetermination Theory when users are consuming filtered content in digital services. The results show that the investigated services fail to satisfy all needs. A satisfactory user experience should include the opportunity for the user to satisfy the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness. For autonomy, transparency of filtering and choice about filtering should be offered. For competence, it is essential to offer content that the user can learn from, and also provide the right amount of choice throughout the service. The danger of filter bubbles is not personalization, but to remove choice about personalization.
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DOICARIU, Daniel. "SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM - A PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL SECURITY". In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The potential offered by space is enormous, and Romania should appear on the map displaying space services and capabilities at national, NATO and EU level. The opportunities that arise from the implementation of a national space telecommunications program are in the governmental, civilian, commercial and military domanin. The Romanian Army must ensure its autonomy and freedom of action by using space capabilities safely.
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Bhoyar, A., S. Sharma, S. Barve e R. Kumar Rana. "Intelligent Control of Autonomous Vessels: Bayesian Estimation Instead of Statistical Learning?" In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. London: IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Marine vessels have been recently considered for redesign with a view towards autonomous operation. This brings forth a number of safety concerns as regards malware attacks on intra-vehicle communications systems as well as on sensor based communication with their environment. Designing suitable hybrid systems or cyber physical systems as the above, which are data driven, involves a challenge by way of difficulty in abstraction. The current modeling paradigm for cyber physical systems is based upon the abstract idea of a hybrid automaton which involves discrete as well as continuous mathematical models for the physical device (marine vessel/s) Incorporating statistical inference techniques to introduce an element of autonomy in this has been recently proposed in literature. An engineering situation is explored in which a pair of marine vessels is being deployed to navigate avoiding collision with the help of deterministic control as well as with a particle filtering state estimator. A security intrusion is considered to occur in the communication channels and the robustness of the system is studied with the state estimation. Such intrusions can indeed be expected to defeat the collision protection design if sufficiently intense. However, better protection is offered by such Bayesian estimation based intelligent control as compare to statistical learning base control. Our results suggest that the hybrid automaton modeling paradigm with autonomy incorporated needs to be suitably abstracted in order to better design their defence against cyber-attacks.
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Fontana, Thomas, Jonathan Schulz, Alan Budney e Andrea Villanti. "Feasibility and utility of a structured guide for cannabis tolerance breaks in young adults". In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To explore the feasibility and utility of a tolerance break (T-break) guide on young adults' cannabis use. Participants: Young adults aged 18-29 (n=125) who were current cannabis users. Methods: Participants recruited through posters and listservs at various universities were offered the T-Break Guide to help complete a 21-day cannabis break. Bivariate analyses examined associations between Guide use and follow-up measures. Intervention: The T-Break Guide was designed to help people complete a 21-day break from cannabis. For each day of the break, the Guide offers inspiration in the form of a quote, reflections based on likely experiences occurring at that point during the break, advice on ways to overcome challenges, alternative activities in which to engage, and encouragement. The first week focuses on physical symptoms of cannabis withdrawal (e.g., sleep, appetite); the second week focuses on the emotional experience (e.g., anxiety, boredom); and the third week focuses on behavioral aspects (e.g., examining patterns, connections). The T-Break Guide follows the Motivational Interviewing principles of affirmation and autonomy. Results: Compared to non-Guide users, participants who used the Guide “a lot” were more likely to complete the 21-day abstinence break (84% vs. 57%), revise their personal definition of balance to mean less cannabis (84% vs. 62%), and plan a future break (32% vs. 11%). Conclusion: Use of this self-directed Guide may help young adults take a break from cannabis use and reduce future use, and offers a novel approach to cannabis harm reduction. Further research to test the Guide’s longer-term efficacy is needed.
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Koumpouros, Yiannis, Alexandra Karavasili, Petros Maragos, Costas Tzafestas, Evita - Stavroula Fotinea, Eleni Efthimiou, Nikos Papastamatiou, Alexandros Nikolakakis e Effie Papageorgiou. "Assessment of an Intelligent Robotic Rehabilitation Assistant". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002303.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents assessment findings of the “i-Walk” robotic rehabilitation assistant. i-Walk provides support to target groups of people with cognitive and/or mobility deficits via a pioneer robotic rollator that utilizes innovation in multimodal robot perception, user-adaptive robot autonomy and natural human-robot interaction. The i-Walk rollator was thoroughly evaluated in terms of its usability and acceptance from its intended end users (patients and therapists) in a rehabilitation centre. i-Walk was tested (i) as a whole, and in terms of (ii) its navigation and human-robot interaction functionalities, (iii) the provided walking support, and (iv) the rehabilitation exercises it offers. In total, twenty-two patients and twelve therapists evaluated the device under real conditions. The paper presents the findings from the evaluation testing of the i-Walk platform. A systematic methodology and protocol were used to test the intelligent robotic rehabilitation assistant in three different scenarios. The PYTHEIA scale was used to evaluate the subjective assessment of the device. With 5 being the highest score and 1 the lowest one, both i-Walk user groups (patients and therapists) rated the device very high to excellent (mean score of therapists = 3,74 and mean score of patients = 4,14). The same holds for the three different functionalities examined (mean score for patients and therapists relevant to: navigation and human-robot interaction support = 4.25 and 4.67; walking support = 4.27 and 4.51; rehab exercises offered = 4,33 and 4,80). As a conclusion, the i-Walk robotic rehabilitation assistant was found very good to excellent in all different domains examined.
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Živojinović, Dragica. "INFORMISANI PRISTANAK NA UČEŠĆE U MEDICINSKOM ISTRAŽIVANjU: OSTVARENjE POSTAVLjENIH NORMATIVNIH ZAHTEVA U PRAKSI I PUT KA NjEGOVOM UNAPREĐENjU". In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.607z.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Informed consent of the participant in medical research is the expression of the recognition of the persons' autonomy and his right to physical and psychological integrity. The legal and ethical documents which regulate this form of medical activity define the qualities which this consent needs to fulfill in order to be considered valid (well informed participant, freedom and capacity to give consent), that is making the medical research legally and ethically accepted. Bearing this in mind, the subject of the author's interest in this paper is the analysis to what extent these normative requirements and theoretical ideals are met in obtaining the informed consent. The author has found out that, on the basis of the results of the studies related to this matetr, the realization of each of these qualities for the informed consent shows deviation from defined standards and the most frequent deficiency is the lack of information given to the participants in these trials, that is its subjective component - adequate understanding of offered information. The author has concluded that we cannot be satisfied with the informed consent which fulfills only the formal side of its validity, she proposes the implementation of a set of measures that, according to her opinion, could contribute to obtaining an essentially valid consent
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Pelegrino, Paulo Sergio, e Alessandra Maria Felipe. "Co-Vivências, a residence model for the elderly that integrates specialized care and family living for active longevity. “Neurology Startups”". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The institutionalization of the elderly is very strongly related to the diseases and complications associated with cognitive and functional impairment present in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, other dementias, and stroke sequelae. The institutionalization of elderly people represents an aid to families. On the other hand, it has been a factor related to the worsening in cognition and functionality when compared to those who remain in their social environment and family life. The different modalities of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly in Brazil contribute a lot to the split between care and family life. The present work aims to propose a new model of real estate development, linked to the provision of specialized care without the deprivation of family life and relationship and produce greater benefits in terms of maintaining cognition, autonomy, and independence among the elderly. The future developments proposed here will consist of buildings with apartments of varying sizes according to the needs of families, adequate accessibility, differentiated circulation to facilitate access and proximity of caregivers to the elderly and to reduce the physical distance of the elderly to the assistance and coexistence spaces. They will be equipped with assistance rooms for multiprofessional service and rehabilitation, areas for food, leisure and socializing among the elderly. The Startup will bring together real estate and construction companies, developers, investors and elderly care providers, and will be responsible for the projects, their execution and monitoring. The resources for the construction come from investors, the housing will be allocated to families with elderly people and other sources will come from the provision of care and services offered to the elderly by specialized companies. In addition to the benefits for the elderly and their families, the interaction between different economic sectors and dividend production is promoted.
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Matei, Carmen. "Reflection on Social Entrepreneurship in the Penitentiary Environment". In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/40.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Entrepreneurship can be a solution to the dilemma: “Labour is a form of education, a way of ensuring existence, gaining autonomy, a physical and mental training, a way of oppression, a form of occupational therapy, all together or …none of the variants listed?” Depending on the reference field and the perspectives offered by different specializations, work is defined as a physical or intellectual action, which develop material and emotional satisfactions. Especially in closed environments, it is practiced as a form of occupational therapy (ergotherapy), because it ensures a sense of usefulness, helping to maintain somato-psycho-emotional health. The schoolmasters highlight the formative values of work for students: evaluate the native skills and abilities, lead to the discovery of new unknown interests and talents, support the student in his perfection by inoculating the ideas of responsibility, order, discipline, etc. Before 1989, in detention environment labour was mandatory, but now, labour is an optional right. The two perspectives are diametrically opposed, and the issue was addressed only from the perspective of reduced job supply, both during detention and after release. There are few publications with strict reference to this topic. In general, the social reintegration of post-execution prisoners is addressed. At this moment, the main problem highlighted is integration/reintegration on the labour market, as the main facilitating step of maintaining the accumulations during the detention period and a primary factor for avoiding the recurrence. However, those who have served a custodial sentence do not have a "ticket" to the labour market. To be known and solved, the situation should be addressed continuously: prevention before detention, education/re-education/training / retraining during detention and placement on the labor market / retraining immediately after release.
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Palmer, Samson, Dale Richards e Graham Shelton-Rayner. "An Innovative Measure of Cognitive Function in the Human-Autonomy Partnership". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001821.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding how the user will interact with the system is fundamental to ensuring success in achieving a given goal. Therefore adopting a human-centered design approach will assist in integrating the human as a key component of the system during the design process. With the increased use of autonomy across different domains, the role of the human will inevitably change; in that how the user interacts with the system is dependent on the level of delegated authority the system has been assigned. To understand these interactions and the impact this has on the user, it is important to assess how the human interacts with the system. However, as these systems become more complex we must ask whether the measures we currently use are sufficient in allowing us to better understand the underlying cognitive functions involved in human-autonomy interaction. Evaluating this partnership we can not only assess the effectiveness and efficiency of human-autonomy interaction, but also provide guidance for future designs. Novel techniques such as functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) offer a direct measure of cortical blood flow changes related to brain activity. This paper discusses findings from an experiment that examined human-autonomy interaction in a simulated Autonomous Vehicle (AV) whilst exploring the neural correlates of trust and workload. Participants were asked to complete a series of primary driving scenarios with secondary distraction tasks using both manual and autonomous vehicles. fNIRS was used to assess driver cognition across both conditions. Participants were also confronted with different levels of system transparency to determine whether the level of information presented by the system effected driver trust. Findings suggest that when autonomy was presented then the cognitive activity in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) was reduced, whilst secondary task performance improved. These regions are associated with effortful decision-making based on working memory (WM) and reasoning, suggesting that using autonomy helps to reduce cognitive effort by removing the user’s need to make these decisions. During the system transparency scenarios, areas of the right and left vlPFC and left dlPFC showed significantly increased activity when the system provided very little information. These regions have previously been associated with uncertainty of decision making and increased visual processing, suggesting that a lack of information provided by the system meant the driver attempted to process the decisions of the vehicle through monitoring the environment. These findings demonstrate how novel measures of cognitive function could inform the design of future systems and facilitate a more effective human-autonomy partnership.
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DOLLIJA, Elda, e Manjola ÇOLLAKU. "FURXHI Gentisa HAPPINESS IN THE WORKPLACE". In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The nature of workplace has dramatically changed in the new area of economy. Nowadays employeers are investing for better workplace environment. The organizational culture and cimate must encourage the employees to flourish and be their best selves. The perfect workplace is supposted to make the employees happy by giving the people flexibility and autonomy as to where and how they work, built on a culture of growth and trust. That is because happines in the workplace is like a symbiotic relationship which offers mutual benefits to both employees and employers. Key words: employee happiness; workplace; productivity; well being
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Autonomy offered"
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Bankole, Akinrinola, Lisa Remez, Onikepe Owolabi, Jesse Philbin e Patrice Williams. From Unsafe to Safe Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Slow but Steady Progress. Guttmacher Institute, dicembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32446.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report represents the first comprehensive compilation of information about abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa and its four subregions. It offers a panorama of this hard-to-measure practice by assembling data on the incidence and safety of abortion, the extent to which the region’s laws restrict abortion, and how these laws have changed between 2000 and 2019. Many countries in this region have incrementally broadened the legal grounds for abortion, improved the safety of abortions, and increased the quality and reach of postabortion care. There is still much progress to be made, however, including enabling the region’s women to avoid unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The report concludes with recommendations for a broad range of actors to improve the sexual and reproductive health and autonomy of the region’s 255 million women of reproductive age.
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Moorehead, Stewart. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Commercialization of Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles. SAE International, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Autonomous agricultural vehicles are entering the marketplace, performing jobs that current equipment cannot do or are too dangerous for humans to perform. They offer the prospect of greater farm productivity, and they will help to feed the world’s growing population. This report looks at several topics that impact the commercial success of autonomous agricultural vehicles. The economic benefit that an autonomous system brings to a farm will be discussed alongside machine utilization rates, job quality, and labor savings. The need for standards and regulations to help promote the development of safe systems—as well as to define the language around autonomous agriculture—is also considered. Additionally, this report will highlight the importance of reliability in agricultural machinery and how successful commercialization of autonomy will depend on the ability to do the job correctly and consistently. A critical part of commercial success is how the autonomous agricultural vehicle fits into existing farm processes to provide a complete solution for the farmer. It is hoped that this report will help developers interested in commercializing autonomous agricultural vehicles consider more than just the technical problems to solve and make choices beneficial to market adoption.