Bibliografie tematiche / Avoidance motivation

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 26 aprile 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Guthrie, John T., Cassandra S. Coddington e Allan Wigfield. "Profiles of Reading Motivation among African American and Caucasian Students". Journal of Literacy Research 41, n. 3 (1 luglio 2009): 317–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862960903129196.

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Previous research has investigated motivations for reading by examining positive or affirming motivations, including intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Related to them, we examined two negative, or undermining, motivations consisting of avoidance and perceived difficulty. We proposed that the motivations of intrinsic motivation and avoidance are relatively independent and thus can be combined to form meaningful profiles consisting of avid, ambivalent, apathetic, and averse readers. With Grade 5 students we found that these motivations were relatively independent for both Caucasian and African American students. The two motivations uniquely explained a significant proportion of variance in reading comprehension and other cognitive reading variables. Although intrinsic motivation correlated higher with achievement than avoidance for Caucasians, avoidance correlated higher with achievement than intrinsic motivation for African Americans. For both groups, the profile of avid readers showed higher reading achievement than the other profiles.

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Yudina, Alina V. "MODEL OF MOTIVATION TO SUCCESS AMONG EMPLOYEES OF PRODUCTION TEAMS: CONTENT AND ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS". Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 2, n. 22 (2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2021-2-22-17.

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The article describes the theoretical generalization and practical application of model motivation to success of employees from production collectives. The article presented the author’s model of motivation to success among employees from production collectives. We considered motivation to success in this model as an interaction of employees’ motivational types with entrepreneurial skills, communicative and organizational inclinations, team roles, position, and gender. We analyzed the motivation to success in the context of production companies’ work activity and in employees’ behavior in production collectives. To our mind, the motivation of employees is a combination of external and internal driving forces, which stimulate person’s activity and set forms of this activity to achieve the goal. The theoretical study considers the essence and content of employees’ work motivation. We created the author’s model of motivation to success in employees of production collectives. This model claims the motivation to success to be an interaction of motivational types in employees with their entrepreneurial skills, communication and organizational inclinations, team roles, position, and gender. Our empirical study reveals the peculiarities of motivation to success in employees of a chemical production enterprise. We developed some types of employees’ motivation: achieving to success – high motivation to success and low motivation to avoidance, motivated – high motivation to success and high motivation to avoidance, avoiding failures – low motivation to success and high motivation to avoidance, unmotivated – low motivation to success and low motivation to avoidance. The article studies differences in motivational types among employees. The motivational types of employees in production collectives have been related to communicative and organizational inclinations. The employees of production collectives, who refer to the motivational type for achieving success have higher level of communicative and organizational inclinations. The entrepreneurial skills in the context of studying psychological features of motivation to success in employees of production collectives were examined. The entrepreneurial skills of employees are: the needs for achievement, creativity inclination, commitment and determination, the ability to take reasonable risk, the need for independence. The employees’ communicative and organizational inclinations were also studied. We also presented types of motivation among employees from production collectives, which were developed by the author on the basis of an empirical study of motivation to success and motivation to avoidance of failure. We distinguished the following motivational types: achieving success, avoiding the failures, motivated, unmotivated. The article shows the results of the study of specificity in the relationship between motivational types and entrepreneurial skills, communicative, organizational inclinations, and team roles among employees from production collectives. We implemented the analysis of the results of studying relationship between the components of model motivation to success of employees from production collectives with motivational types. The research showed a significant correlation of employees’ position and gender with motivational types. High motivation to avoidance of failures affects the manifestation of team roles among employees from production collectives in different ways.

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Lacey, Micayla French, e Philip A. Gable. "Frontal Asymmetry as a Neural Correlate of Motivational Conflict". Symmetry 14, n. 3 (2 marzo 2022): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030507.

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Motivational systems of approach, avoidance, and inhibition are fundamental to human behavior. While past research has linked approach motivation with greater relative left frontal asymmetry, many attempts to link avoidance motivation with greater relative right frontal asymmetry have been mixed. These mixed effects could be due to coactivation of the avoidance and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Much recent evidence indicates that the behavioral inhibition system may be associated with greater relative right frontal activation. The current review examines evidence linking traits associated with the behavioral inhibition system with resting right frontal asymmetry. Other research links individual differences associated with the behavioral inhibition system with state changes in relative right frontal asymmetry. Moreover, activation of the behavioral inhibition system, but not activation of withdrawal motivation, increases greater relative right frontal asymmetry. Together, this work highlights the role of relative frontal asymmetry as a neural correlate in motivational conflict and helps to disentangle behavioral inhibition from avoidance motivation.

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May, Christine N., Nora L. Nock, Devon Bentley e Heath A. Demaree. "Acute aerobic exercise increases implicit approach motivation for dessert images". Journal of Health Psychology 23, n. 6 (10 luglio 2016): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316657404.

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We examined the effect of acute exercise compared to a cognitive task on implicit approach/avoidance motivation to dessert food images using the Dessert–Approach–Avoidance Task. Participants randomized to exercise had a greater increase in approach motivation to dessert images compared to those completing cognitive tasks ( p=0.046), adjusting for disordered eating, task difficulty, and changes in negative affect. This study provides the first evidence for the use of the Dessert–Approach–Avoidance Task to evaluate the effects of acute exercise on implicit motivations for dessert images. Future studies should examine implicit response to food images using the Dessert–Approach–Avoidance Task in response to chronic exercise.

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Nikitin, Jana, e Alexandra M. Freund. "Who Cares? Effects of Social Approach and Avoidance Motivation on Responsiveness to Others". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, n. 2 (28 giugno 2018): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218781335.

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Responsiveness to others (i.e., our understanding, validation, and support of important aspects of others) significantly contributes to positive social relationships. In the present research, we found evidence that responsiveness has motivational origins. In two experiments, participants who were approaching positive social outcomes had a higher level of responsiveness compared with participants who were avoiding negative social outcomes. A third experiment disentangled the roles of motivation and situation valence. Positive (compared with negative) social situations were associated with higher approach motivation, lower avoidance motivation, and a higher level of responsiveness. However, within a given situation, both approach and avoidance motivation were associated with a higher level of responsiveness. This association was even stronger in negative situations, suggesting that both approach and avoidance motivation might be ways of behaving responsively in potentially difficult social situations. The effects were independent of relationship closeness and partly weaker in older compared with younger adults.

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Leikas, Sointu, Marjaana Lindeman, Katariina Roininen e Liisa Lähteenmäki. "Avoidance motivation, risk perception and emotional processing". European Journal of Personality 23, n. 2 (marzo 2009): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.708.

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The present studies examined the moderating role of state motivation on the associations between trait avoidance motivation, risk perception and emotional processing. In Studies 1 and 2, avoidance or approach states were evoked in participants who then completed a risk perception task and a trait avoidance motivation measure. Both studies showed that trait avoidance only correlated with risk perceptions among individuals in approach state. In Study 3, emotional interpretation was measured. State and trait avoidance motivation did not interact in predicting emotional interpretation. The results showed that the effect of state motivation can explain the low correlations found between trait avoidance and risk perceptions, and suggested that the avoidance system may operate on an on–off principle rather than synergistically. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Gillam, Andrew R., e Alina M. Waite. "Gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance". Information & Computer Security 29, n. 3 (29 marzo 2021): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-01-2020-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior among working US adults. Implications were considered in regard to cybersecurity awareness training motivation and perceptions of need for protective cybersecurity behavior in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach A single-shot regression-based study used ordinal regression supported by K-means clustering to evaluate the moderating effects of gender on predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior on a sample of n = 206 US adult workers. Findings The regression model explained 47.5% of variance in avoidance motivation and 39% of avoidance behavior variance. Gender moderated predictive associations between several independent variables and avoidance motivation: perceived susceptibility, perceived effectiveness, perceived cost and self-efficacy. Gender also moderated the association between avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior. Research limitations/implications The predictive impact of gender extends beyond the main effects in technology threat avoidance. Data frequency distributions and inter-variable relationships should be routinely considered in threat avoidance studies, especially if sample variables exhibit non-normal frequency distributions and nonlinear associations. Practical implications Gender was significantly associated with threat avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior and exhibited notable associations with antecedents of avoidance motivation. Related insights can inform the design and delivery of training content relating to technology threat avoidance as organizations strive to more effectively leverage information technology end-users as protective assets for the enterprise. Originality/value The uniqueness of this study derives from its focus and findings regarding the moderating effects of gender on technology threat avoidance factors and techniques used to measure and evaluate the associations between them.

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Roskes, Marieke, Andrew J. Elliot, Bernard A. Nijstad e Carsten K. W. De Dreu. "Avoidance Motivation and Conservation of Energy". Emotion Review 5, n. 3 (11 giugno 2013): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073913477512.

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Korell-Rach, Kathy, e F. Richard Ferraro. "Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation". Psychological Record 60, n. 3 (luglio 2010): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395730.

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Kowalski, Patricia. "Changes in Students' Motivation to Learn during the First Year of College". Psychological Reports 101, n. 1 (agosto 2007): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.79-89.

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This study looks at changes in first-year college students' motivational orientation and whether these changes relate systematically to campus and classroom experiences. 130 college students ( M age=18 yr., 75% women) completed measures of learning orientation, grade orientation, and work avoidance from the LOGO II at the beginning and end of their first year. The year-end assessment also included questions regarding characteristics of students' classes and the amount of time they spent in campus activities. Students became more grade-oriented and work-avoidant and less learning-oriented over time. Changes in learning orientation and work avoidance were associated with classroom and campus experiences. Results are discussed in terms of the need for additional research on changes in college students' motivation and factors predicting this change.

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Tesi sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Hamamura, Takeshi. "Approach-avoidance motivation across cultures". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1012.

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People everywhere strive for an ideal view of the self, but the conception of “ideal” differs importantly across cultures. In Western societies, the ideal self entails the possession of high self-esteem, whereas in East Asian cultures the ideal self entails maintenance of “face,” or successful performance of social roles and obligations. Within each cultural context, aspirations for an ideal self are facilitated by a network of psychological processes. One such psychological process is approach and avoidance motivations: approach motivation is useful for Westerners’ pursuit of high self-esteem whereas avoidance motivation is useful for East Asians’ concerns for face maintenance. Review of prior research renders support to this theorizing. Because approach and avoidance motivations are fundamental psychological processes, cross-cultural research on this topic is a great venue for investigating the ways in which culture shapes psychological processes. This dissertation examines the implication of cultural differences in approach and avoidance motivations in two domains. Studies 1 and 2 investigated the motivational consequences of a fit between culturally encouraged motivation and focus of self-regulation that a task at hand calls for. In comparisons of Canadians and Japanese, these studies found that individuals’ motivation for a task is enhanced when culturally encouraged motivation matched with focus of self-regulation required for the task. The second set of studies (Study 3 and 4) examined cognitive consequences of approach-avoidance motivation cultural difference. These studies found that a type of information that people are attuned to differs as a function of cultural differences in approach-avoidance motivations. Implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.

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Warburton, Victoria Emily. "Approach-avoidance motivation in physical education". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13962.

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Physical education (PE) represents one of the most important physical settings in which to study motivational processes due to its uniqueness in including all young people with a wide range of physical abilities. Moreover, positive experiences in school PE are thought likely to enhance lifelong physical activity, giving PE an important role in influencing young people's involvement in physical activity both within and beyond the school curriculum. However, there is increasing concern over the physical activity levels of young people today, and understanding the changes in pupil's motivational processes during the time when they appear most at risk of declining levels of physical activity, may help researchers and physical educators intervene to offset the decline. Using Elliot's Hierarchical Model of Approach and A voidance Achievement Motivation (EIliot, , 1999; ElIiot & Church, 1997) as a theoretical basis, the purpose of this thesis was to examine pupil's approach-avoidance goal adoption in PE. Moreover, it was to determine the temporal pattern of approach-avoidance goals and the predictive utility of key antecedents, namely perceptions of competence and implicit theories of ability to these temporal patterns. Study 1 followed pupils across the primary to secondary school transition and examined their approach-avoidan,ce goals, implicit theories of ability and perceptions of competence prior to the transition and throughout Year 7 of secondary school. On the whole, the changes appeared to be suggestive of less adaptive motivationaf profiles, i.e., lower incremental beliefs, competence perceptions and mastery-approach (MAp) goal stnving. Competence perceptions and implicit theories of ability differed in their predictive utility of initial status and rate of change in approach-avoidance goal adoption. The effects of perceived competence appeared to be stronger in Year 6 of primary school while the effects of implicit theories of ability were more apparent in Year 7 of secondary school. Furthermore, in Year 6 of primary school, boys exhibited a more adaptive motivational profile than girls which remained throughout Year 7 of secondary school. Study 2a examined approach-avoidance goals, implicit theories of ability and perceptions of competence in pupils in Years 7, 8 and 9 of secondary school. Pupils completed measures on four occasions over a 9 month period. Goals and perceptions were tapped in relation to PE 'in general'. MAp, mastery-avoidance (MAv) and performance-avoidance (PAv) goals exhibited a linear decline over time, whereas performance-approach (PAp) goals showed no significant change. Theoretical propositions regarding the antecedents of approach-avoidance goal adoption were supported. Year group was found to moderate a number of these antecedent goal relationships. Results suggest that Year 7 is a critical time for adolescents' motivation in school PE. Study 2b determined the influence of implicit theories of ability and competence perceptions on changes in approach-avoidance goal adoption in two specific activities in the PE curriculum. In both tennis and cricket, differences between pupils were more likely than differences between classes to account for changes in implicit theories, perceptions of competence and approach-avoidance goals over the course of a unit of work. Controlling for prior approach-avoidance goal adoption, 'incremental beliefs predicted change in MAp goal adoption and perceptions of competence predicted change in PAp goal adoption over the unit of work in both tennis and cricket. Differences in the predictive pattern of antecedents to changes in goal adoption emerged between activities. The final study (study 3) provided a more-fine grained analysis of normative achievement goal adoption in specific activities in PE by differentiating between approach-avoidance and appearance-competition performance goals. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the delineation off our performance goals. In line with the Hierarchical Model of Approach and Avoidance Achievement Motivation, partial support for the mediating role of performance goals was observed, but entity beliefs and perceptions of a performance climate' each exerted a direct positive effect on self-handicapping in PE. The addition of the appearance-competition distinction to performance approach-avoidance goals revealed differences in the direction and magnitude of the antecedent goal and goal outcome relationships. The results of these four studies contained within the present thesis provide interesting insights into pupils' approach avoidance motivation in PE at both the contextual and activity specific level. The changes in pupils' motivation, on the whole, are indicative of less adaptive motivational profiles as they progress through their school career. Implicit theories of ability and competence perceptions appear to play a role in offsetting this decline but future research endeavours should continue to pursue longitudinal research to identify other key predictors of within-and between-pupil change. This will ensure that achievement motivation research in the PE context is well placed to help educators promote more adaptive motivational processes and outcomes that sustain participation in physical activity.

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Hammill, Amanda C. "Approach/avoidance motivation extensions of the congruency effect /". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1216741968.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 6, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64) and appendices. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

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Testa, Rylan Jay. "Motivation for Weight Loss Maintenance: Approach and Avoidance". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/101058.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Currently, two-thirds of adults and one-half of children and adolescents in the United States meet criteria for overweight or obese weight status (Wang & Beydoun, 2007). While weight loss often is desired among these individuals, few achieve sustained weight loss maintenance. A model of motivation, affect, and long-term weight loss maintenance is proposed, based on Carver's model of behavior change (2004b) and related research. This investigation evaluated the model's proposed associations between approach and avoidance motivation, depressive and anxious affect, and caloric consumption within the context of a dietary lapse condition in the laboratory. Findings did not support the hypotheses that avoidance motivation would be negatively related to calorie consumption or that approach motivation would be positively associated with calorie consumption. Conversely, higher avoidance motivation was found to predict higher caloric consumption. Finally, this relationship was not mediated by depressive or anxious affect. Instead, consumption of high calorie foods alone was shown to fully mediate this relationship. Recommendations for future research are presented in the context of these findings.
Temple University--Theses

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Daman, Stuart Jenkins. "The Influence of Humor on Approach and Avoidance Motivation". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1210866811.

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Eerde, Wendelien van. "Work motivation and procrastination : self-set goals and action avoidance /". Inhaltsverzeichnis, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008711103&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Kahn, Lauren. "Boredom and the Need for Agency". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23755.

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Humans are highly motivated to avoid boredom. What is the functional role of boredom, and why is it so aversive? An empirical study tested the hypothesis that a need for agency, or control over one’s actions and their effects, plays a role in our avoidance of boredom. The study also explored the role of an individual difference called experiential avoidance, which captures the tendency to avoid negative internal experiences, sometimes via problematic behaviors. Results were integrated with current clinical techniques that use mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches to address such avoidance of internal experiences. In the study, one hundred twenty-three adults completed a series of computer tasks in which their sense of agency was manipulated. After being oriented to high and medium levels of agency, participants completed a series of 30-second low agency trials in which they had the opportunity to escape to high or medium agency, at a cost. The amount of money they were willing to forego indicated their motivation to avoid low agency, or “need for agency.” After a break, they were then asked to complete a series of 30-second trials in which they did nothing, but again had the option to escape to high or medium agency at a cost. The amount of money they were willing to forego in this task indicated their motivation to avoid doing nothing, or “need for action.” Results demonstrated that on average, people were willing to give up money to avoid both low agency and to avoid a boring situation (doing nothing). Furthermore, their motivation to avoid boredom indeed was driven by the extent to which they felt that doing nothing afforded them a low sense of agency. Finally, those who were higher in experiential avoidance demonstrated a higher need for agency and action, and those lower in mindfulness demonstrated a higher need for agency. These results demonstrate that the motivation to avoid boredom may be rooted in a need for agency, and that acceptance- based clinical approaches may have success addressing this avoidance and the problematic behaviors that follow.

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Scott, Mark David. "Measuring Approach-Avoidance Motivation: Expanding the Dimensionality and the Implied Outcomes Problem". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40404.

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The current study sought to examine how best to fully represent and measure approach-avoidance motivational orientation using self-reports. Participants responded to a variety of existing, revised, and new scales across the theoretical spectrum of approach-avoidance motivation. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify the items to be retained for evaluating the adequacy of competing confirmatory measurement structures. Overall results supported the validity of the second-order approach-avoidance overarching framework and indicated that the use of items with clear specification of reward/punishment context improves the psychometric properties of approach-avoidance scales. Moreover, the newly developed scales reflecting constructs that represent increasing non-gains via approach and increasing non-losses via avoidance meaningfully expanded the approach-avoidance construct space. It also appeared that the proposed four-dimensional model of approach-avoidance is a viable alternative measurement structure. Finally, the current results suggested that contamination by implied outcomes does not invalidate approach-avoidance scales where reward/punishment context is specified. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Hicks, Joshua A. King Laura A. "The effects of approach-avoidance behaviors on goal appraisals". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6138.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010) The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Laura King Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Bateman, Tanner Alan. "Construct Deficiency in Avoidance Motivation: Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Vigilance". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74003.

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Two concerns dominate speculation about the lack of progress in motivational disposition research. First, truly unique dispositional constructs have not been identified since wide acceptance of the approach / avoidance distinction. Second, research has largely neglected to account for context in models of motivated behavior. Effective avoidance has systematically been unassessed in motivation research. Social cognitive theory was used to define an effective avoidance motivational trait, vigilance, as an antecedent to effective regulatory behaviors that are avoidant in nature and/or strategy. Two studies were conducted: First, development and psychometric evaluation of a scale measuring vigilance within the existing motivational trait framework (Heggestad and Kanfer, 2000). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses provided initial validity evidence for the vigilance construct; composed of diligence and error-detection facets. Convergent – discriminant analysis revealed that vigilance is significantly related to approach and avoidance motivational constructs identifying two possible sources of contamination in self-report measures of motivational traits. Measurement items may be contaminated with implied outcomes and measurement items may be contaminated with generalized self-efficacy. In the second study, a within-subjects experiment tested the predictive validity of the vigilance measurement scale for task-specific self-efficacy and performance on a task that rewards avoidance-oriented strategies. Vigilance predicted prevention task-specific self-efficacy ( = .29) in one of two experimental conditions. The validation study also offered construct validity evidence for the vigilance construct. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Libri sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Elliot, Andrew J. Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

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Elliot, Andrew. Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation. Psychology Press, 2008.

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Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation. Psychology Press, 2008.

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Elliot, Andrew J. Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation. Psychology Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203888148.

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Aversion, Avoidance, and Anxiety: Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Trevor, Archer, e Nilsson Lars-Göran 1944-, a cura di. Aversion, avoidance, and anxiety: Perspective on aversively motivated behavior. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1989.

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Conway, Michelle L. Empathy avoidance: Perceptions of causal responsibility and the motivation to help. 1999.

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(Editor), Trevor Archer, e Lars-Goran Nilsson (Editor), a cura di. Aversion, Avoidance, and Anxiety: Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988.

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Moore, Alex M., Nathan O. Rudig e Mark H. Ashcraft. Affect, Motivation, Working Memory, and Mathematics. A cura di Roi Cohen Kadosh e Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.004.

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This article reviews the topics of affect, motivation, working memory, and their relationships to mathematics learning and performance. The underlying factors of interest, motivation, self-efficacy, and maths anxiety, as well as an approach concerning people’s beliefs about fixed versus malleable intelligence, can be grouped into an approach and an avoidance constellation of attitudes and beliefs, with opposite relationships to outcome measures of learning and mastery in maths. This article then considers the research on working memory, showing it to be central to arithmetic and maths processing, and also the principle mental component being disrupted by affective and emotional reactions during problem solving. After discussing the disruptive effects of maths anxiety, choking under pressure, and stereotype threat, the article closes with a brief consideration of how these affective disruptions might be minimized or eliminated.

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Batson, C. Daniel. How Can It Be? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0012.

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To conclude—even tentatively—that empathy-induced altruism is within our motivational repertoire poses a puzzle: How is it possible? This question demands an answer at two levels. We need to know (a) the conditions necessary to produce empathic concern and altruistic motivation in our lives today and (b) how altruism could have become part of our nature. The direct antecedents of empathy-induced altruism seem to be perceiving another as in need and valuing the other’s welfare. The most plausible distal (evolutionary) antecedent is generalized parental care. This care is different from the evolutionary biologists’ idea of inclusive fitness (care proportional to degree of kinship). An experiment that tested for generalized parental care is described. Finally, three limits to empathy-induced altruism are considered: the scope of empathic concern, empathy avoidance, and the strength to competing concerns.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer et al. "Avoidance Motivation". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 171. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100145.

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Feltman, Roger, e Andrew J. Elliot. "Approach and Avoidance Motivation". In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 286–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1749.

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Furchtgott, Ernest. "Pain and Discomfort Avoidance". In Aging and Human Motivation, 65–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4463-7_4.

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Foster, Joshua D., e James C. Brennan. "Narcissism, the Agency Model, and Approach-Avoidance Motivation". In The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder, 89–100. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118093108.ch8.

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MacIntyre, Peter D., e Alicia Serroul. "11. Motivation on a Per-Second Timescale: Examining Approach- Avoidance Motivation During L2 Task Performance". In Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning, a cura di Zoltán Dörnyei, Peter D. MacIntyre e Alastair Henry, 109–38. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783092574-013.

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Sideridis, Georgios, e Dimitrios Stamovlasis. "A Catastrophe Model for Motivation and Emotions: Highlighting the Synergistic Role of Performance-Approach and Performance-Avoidance Goal Orientations". In Complex Dynamical Systems in Education, 379–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27577-2_17.

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Selten, Reinhard. "Blame Avoidance as Motivating Force in the First Price Sealed Bid Private Value Auction". In Economics Essays, 333–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04623-4_20.

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Kalenscher, Tobias, Lisa-Maria Schönfeld, Sebastian Löbner, Markus Wöhr, Mireille van Berkel, Maurice-Philipp Zech e Marijn van Wingerden. "Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations as Social Reinforcers—Implications for a Multilevel Model of the Cognitive Representation of Action and Rats’ Social World". In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 411–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_19.

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AbstractRats are social animals. For example, rats exhibit mutual-reward preferences, preferring choice alternatives that yield a reward to themselves as well as to a conspecific, over alternatives that yield a reward only to themselves. We have recently hypothesized that such mutual-reward preferences might be the result of reinforcing properties of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by the conspecifics. USVs in rats serve as situation-dependent socio-affective signals with important communicative functions. To test this possibility, here, we trained rats to enter one of two compartments in a T-maze setting. Entering either compartment yielded identical food rewards as well as playback of pre-recorded USVs either in the 50-kHz range, which we expected to be appetitive or therefore a potential positive reinforcer, or in the 22-kHz range predicted to be aversive and therefore a potential negative reinforcer. In three separate experimental conditions, rats chose between compartments yielding either 50-kHz USVs versus a non-ultrasonic control stimulus (condition 1), 22-kHz USVs versus a non-ultrasonic control stimulus (condition 2), or 50-kHz versus 22-kHz USVs (condition 3). Results show that rats exhibit a transient preference for the 50-kHz USV playback over non-ultrasonic control stimuli, as well as an initial avoidance of 22-kHz USV relative to non-ultrasonic control stimuli on trend-level. As rats progressed within session through trials, and across sessions, these preferences diminished, in line with previous findings. These results support our hypothesis that USVs have transiently motivating reinforcing properties, putatively acquired through association processes, but also highlight that these motivating properties are context-dependent and modulatory, and might not act as primary reinforcers when presented in isolation. We conclude this article with a second part on a multilevel cognitive theory of rats’ action and action learning. The “cascade” approach assumes that rats’ cognitive representations of action may be multilevel. A basic physical level of action may be invested with higher levels of action that integrate emotional, motivational, and social significance. Learning in an experiment consists in the cognitive formation of multilevel action representations. Social action and interaction in particular are proposed to be cognitively modeled as multilevel. Our results have implications for understanding the structure of social cognition, and social learning, in animals and humans.

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"Avoidance Motivation". In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 345. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_300229.

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"Avoidance Motivation". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 195. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_300150.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Tamasits, Dóra. "Motivations of brand avoidance". In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.19.

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Present study demonstrates the widely known and debated consumer-brand relationship, particularly focusing on the phenomenon of brand avoidance. However, the traditional consumer researches focus predominantly on the consumer loyalty, the examination of negative consumer-brand relationship is actual. The extant literature on the field brand avoidance is scarce. It is important to discover which factors are the those key elements that cause the brand avoidance. Firstly, if we know these factors we can prevent for more losing consumers. Secondly, nowadays the opinion of consumers is critic for the brand successful, because the negative word of mouth (WOM) might be harmful. Based on my previous suppositions the motivation of the brand avoidance are caused by symbolic consumption (selfexpression) which means consumers avoid certain brand because of the brand personality, brand image and the typical brand user. Partly, the results of the qualitative research certifies my previous suppositions, but the functional factors and the message of the advertisement are important elements for the brand avoidance as well.

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Bozinovska, Liljana, e Stevo Bozinovski. "Brain-Robot Interface Application in Achievement Motivation for Obesity Avoidance". In SoutheastCon 2018. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/secon.2018.8479151.

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WILSON, PAUL A., e BARBARA LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK. "EMOTION, APPROACH-AVOIDANCE MOTIVATION, AND BLENDING IN THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE". In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0132.

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Newbold, Joseph W., Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze e Nicolas E. Gold. "Musical Expectancy in Squat Sonification for People Who Struggle with Physical Activity". In The 23rd International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2017.008.

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Physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle. However, it can be hard to stay engaged with exercise and this can often lead to avoidance. Sonification has been used to support physical activity through the optimisation/correction of movement. Though previous work has shown how sonification can improve movement execution and motivation, the specific mechanisms of motivation have yet to be investigated in the context of challenging exercises. We investigate the role of music expectancy as a way to leverage people’s implicit and embodied understanding of music within move- ment sonification to provide information on technique while also motivating continuation of movement and rewarding its completion. The paper presents two studies showing how this musically-informed sonification can be used to support the squat movement. The results show how musical expectancy impacted people’s perception of their own movement, in terms of reward, motivation and movement behaviour and the way in which they moved.

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Ljubin-Golub, Tajana. "THE ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT GOALS IN MOTIVATIONAL REGULATION AND FLOW IN LEARNING". In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact037.

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"Appropriate self-regulation in motivation and experiencing flow in learning and other academic activities are important factors for success in study and psychological wellbeing. Previous studies suggested that achievement goals have role in student’s motivation for learning, but there is only partial knowledge regarding the role of achievement goals in motivational regulation and academic flow. The aim of this study was to explore: a) the role of achievement goals in motivational self-regulation and study-related flow; b) the incremental role of mastery self-talk motivational strategy in academic flow over the mastery-approach goal; c) the mediating role of mastery self-talk motivational strategy in the relationship between mastery-approach goal and academic flow. It was expected that both mastery-approach goal and mastery self-talk motivational strategy will have positive and incremental role in academic flow, and that the relationship between mastery-approach goal and academic flow would be mediated through using motivational strategy of mastery self-talk. The participants were 113 university undergraduate students studying mathematics (M= 20 years, 61% females). Self-report questionnaires assessing achievement goals, strategies used for self-regulation of motivation, and study-related flow were applied. Data analysis included regression analyses and mediational analyses. Regression analyses revealed that personal goal achievements explained 43% of variance in mastery self-talk strategy, 32% of variance in performance-approach self-talk strategy, 18% of variance in performance-avoidance self-talk strategy, 11% of variance in environmental control strategy, 7% of variance in self-consequating strategy, and 10% of variance in proximal goal strategy. Personal achievement goals explained 45% of variance in academic flow. Mastery-approach goal was predictive for explaining individual variance in most of positive motivational strategies and academic flow. In line with hypothesis, it was found that mastery self-talk mediated the relationship between mastery-approach goal and flow. The results underscore the importance of adopting mastery-approach goal and using mastery self-talk strategy in order to experience study-related flow."

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Schodl, Michal Milka, Aharon Raz e Avraham Natan Kluger. "AN INCREASE IN AVOIDANCE MOTIVATION, THROUGH USING NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN ONLINE LEARNING TASK, REDUCES STUDENT PROCRASTINATION". In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.0090.

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Popelnitskaia, Irina. "THE ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS MOTIVATION AND FAILURES AVOIDANCE OF THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS IN KRASNOYARSK". In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/35/s13.066.

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Jermolajeva, Jelena, Svetlana Silchenkova e Larissa Turusheva. "Peculiarities of the First Year University Students’ Motivation for Learning in Samples of Riga and Smolensk". In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.009.

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The demand for tertiary education among young people is growing worldwide. However, in the first months of the studies, freshmen face increasing difficulties, which sometimes negatively affect their learning motivation. For the successful pedagogical process, teachers need to study the motivation of students of the first study year, monitor it and take into account its peculiarities while developing learning materials and choosing educational strategies. The article presents the results of an international study of freshmen’s motivation. The study aim to compare the motivation of the first-year students at the universities of Riga and Smolensk, to identify prevailing motives and to assess the impact of the psychological atmosphere in the student group on their motivation. In the survey carried out in December 2019, 129 students from two universities in Riga (Latvia) and Smolensk (Russia) participated. The tools for collecting information were the technique of diagnostics of learning motivation by 7 content scales and the technique of measuring the psychological climate in the collective by 10 bipolar scales. For data processing, descriptive statistics, analysis of statistical indicators, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. In both national samples, professional motives for learning prevail over other motives, while prestige motives and avoidance motives take the penultimate and last place relatively. The importance of other groups of learning motives is assessed somewhat differently. For the Smolensk sample of students it was found out that their motivation to learn depends on the psychological atmosphere in the group, especially on the overall atmosphere of success in the group. However a similar correlation has not been revealed in the survey of the Riga sample of students. The study shows that a few months after the start of studying, the first-year students’ overall motivation has not dropped below the critical level. However, for more successful training, it could and should be improved. Some ways to increase freshmen’s motivation for learning are proposed in the article.

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Georgiou, Evangelos, Jian S. Dai e Michael Luck. "The KCLBOT: The Challenges of Stereo Vision for a Small Autonomous Mobile Robot". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70503.

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In small mobile robot research, autonomous platforms are severely constrained in navigation environments by the limitations of accurate sensory data to preform critical path planning, obstacle avoidance and self-localization tasks. The motivation for this work is to enable small autonomous mobile robots with a local stereo vision system that will provide an accurate reconstruction of a navigation environment for critical navigation tasks. This paper presents the KCLBOT, which was developed in King’s College London’s Centre for Robotic Research and is a small autonomous mobile robot with a stereo vision system.

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Burcik, Vladimir, Fred Kohun e Robert Skovira. "Analyzing the Affect of Culture on Curricular Content: A Research Conception". In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3112.

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A research conception is developed to enable qualitative and quantitative research on the affect of culture on the curricular content of business and information systems degree programs. The frame raises the interconnected issue of globalizing business and information systems education (theories of organization, management, and employees’ motivation, and the use of information systems) and the affects of a society’s culture. The paper asserts that a society’s culture affects the business and information systems curricula. The essay assumes that any organization is an info-scape (an information landscape). A person’s culture shapes tacitly his or her understandings of the nature and functionality of an organization and its information systems and how to manage them. The conception, following Hofstede and Hofstede, presents an understanding of the Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance dimensions and four organizational views: the organization as Pyramid, Market, Machine, and Family. The conception also proposes a relation of organizational type to organizational governance styles: Monarchical, Feudal, Federal, and Anarchical. Finally, the conception also includes the relationship between organizational models and styles of managing organizations: Directive, Analytic, Conceptual, and Social.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Avoidance motivation"

Lee, Jong Geun, e Sang-Eun Byun. Alleviating Anxiety through Shopping: Roles of a Sense of Control and an Approach/Avoidance Motivation. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, novembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1466.

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Marchand, Gwen. Motivational processes involved in academic help seeking and help avoidance. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5569.

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Lin, Lu, Yingjiao Xu e Qiong Tao. Motivational Drivers of Chinese Consumers� Brand Avoidance Behaviors: A Perspective of Sportswear. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, gennaio 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8472.

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