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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Barley Genetics"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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1

Ren, Xifeng, Yonggang Wang, Songxian Yan, Dongfa Sun, and Genlou Sun. "Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley." Genome 57, no. 4 (April 2014): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0039.

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Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 b

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2

Jana, S., and L. N. Pietrzak. "Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity." Genetics 119, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.4.981.

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Abstract Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern Mediterranean countries, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. Contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. Apportionment of overall diversity in the region showed that in cultivated barley within-populations diversity was of higher magnitude than the

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3

Neale, D. B., M. A. Saghai-Maroof, R. W. Allard, Q. Zhang, and R. A. Jorgensen. "Chloroplast DNA diversity in populations of wild and cultivated barley." Genetics 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.4.1105.

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Abstract Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was found within and among populations (245 accessions total) of wild barley, Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum Koch from Israel and Iran. Three polymorphic restriction sites (HindIII, EcoRI, BclI) which define three distinct cpDNA lineages were detected. One lineage is common to populations in the Hule Valley and Kinneret of northern Israel, and in Iran. The second lineage is found predominantly in the Lower Jordan Valley and Negev. The distribution of the third lineage is scattered but widespread throughout Israel. Sixty two accessions of cultivate

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4

Tsuchiya, T. "Barley Genetics Newsletter." Hereditas 73, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1973.tb01079.x.

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5

Lukina, K. A., O. N. Kovaleva, and I. G. Loskutov. "Naked barley: taxonomy, breeding, and prospects of utilization." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 524–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-64.

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This review surveys the current state of taxonomy, origin, and utilization prospects for naked barley. The cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare L. incorporates the covered and naked barley groups. Naked barleys are divided into six-row naked barley (convar. сoeleste (L.) A. Trof.) and two-row naked barley (convar. nudum (L.) A. Trof.). The groups include botanical varieties differing in the structural features of spikes, awns, floret and spikelet glumes, and the color of kernels. The centers of morphogenesis for naked barley are scrutinized employing archeological and paleoethnobotanical data, an

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6

Sreenivasulu, Nese, Andreas Graner, and Ulrich Wobus. "Barley Genomics: An Overview." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2008 (March 13, 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/486258.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the Near East, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for Triticeae research. Recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of EST sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation techniques, and (v) the recently started genome sequencing effort. These developments pave the way for

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7

Ramakrishna, Wusirika, Jorge Dubcovsky, Yong-Jin Park, Carlos Busso, John Emberton, Phillip SanMiguel, and Jeffrey L. Bennetzen. "Different Types and Rates of Genome Evolution Detected by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Orthologous Segments From Four Cereal Genomes." Genetics 162, no. 3 (November 1, 2002): 1389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.3.1389.

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Abstract Orthologous regions in barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat were studied by bacterial artificial chromosome sequence analysis. General microcolinearity was observed for the four shared genes in this region. However, three genic rearrangements were observed. First, the rice region contains a cluster of 48 predicted small nucleolar RNA genes, but the comparable region from sorghum contains no homologous loci. Second, gene 2 was inverted in the barley lineage by an apparent unequal recombination after the ancestors of barley and wheat diverged, 11-15 million years ago (mya). Third, gene 4 un

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8

Künzel, Gottfried, Larissa Korzun, and Armin Meister. "Cytologically Integrated Physical Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Maps for the Barley Genome Based on Translocation Breakpoints." Genetics 154, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.1.397.

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Abstract We have developed a new technique for the physical mapping of barley chromosomes using microdissected translocation chromosomes for PCR with sequence-tagged site primers derived from &gt;300 genetically mapped RFLP probes. The positions of 240 translocation breakpoints were integrated as physical landmarks into linkage maps of the seven barley chromosomes. This strategy proved to be highly efficient in relating physical to genetic distances. A very heterogeneous distribution of recombination rates was found along individual chromosomes. Recombination is mainly confined to a few re

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9

Cho, Seungho, David F. Garvin, and Gary J. Muehlbauer. "Transcriptome Analysis and Physical Mapping of Barley Genes in Wheat–Barley Chromosome Addition Lines." Genetics 172, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.049908.

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10

Konishi, T., and S. Matsuura. "Geographic differentiation in isozyme genotypes of Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Genome 34, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-108.

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Isozyme variation among Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces was surveyed at seven loci, using 650 accessions collected from different regions. Large genetic diversities were detected at the Est1, Est2, and Est4 loci for esterase and at the Aat3 locus for aspartate aminotransferase. However, only a few variations were observed at the Pgd1 and Pgd2 loci for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and no variation was found at the Aat2 locus. The allelic combinations observed were not randomly distributed in the Himalayas: a geographic trend was closely related to covered and naked types of b

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11

Stockinger, Eric J. "The Breeding of Winter-Hardy Malting Barley." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071415.

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In breeding winter malting barley, one recurring strategy is to cross a current preferred spring malting barley to a winter barley. This is because spring malting barleys have the greatest amalgamation of trait qualities desirable for malting and brewing. Spring barley breeding programs can also cycle their material through numerous generations each year—some managing even six—which greatly accelerates combining desirable alleles to generate new lines. In a winter barley breeding program, a single generation per year is the limit when the field environment is used and about two generations per

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12

Leišová, L., L. Kučera, and L. Dotlačil. "Genetic resources of barley and oat characterised by microsatellites." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2070-cjgpb.

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Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) and oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) are important crop species. 1865 accessions of winter barley, 2707 accessions of spring barley and 1998 accessions of oat are maintained in RICP Gene bank. The expert core collection is used to be established as a tool for germplasm study, conservation of genetic variability and for the identification of useful genes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity of barley and oat genotypes within the expert core collections. Genetic variation of 176 barley accessions was analyzed using 2

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13

Zahn, L. M. "GENETICS: Adaptive Differentiation in Barley." Science 321, no. 5887 (July 18, 2008): 319a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.321.5887.319a.

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14

Casas, A. M., S. Yahiaoui, F. Ciudad, and E. Igartua. "Distribution of MWG699 polymorphism in Spanish European barleys." Genome 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-091.

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The STS marker MWG699/TaqI is closely linked to the vrs1 locus and has been proposed as a marker of domestication in barley. This study included 257 cultivated barleys of both two- and six-rowed varieties, mainly from the western Mediterranean region. These included many landraces from the Spanish barley core collection, Moroccan landraces, and a set of accessions from other European countries. Restriction analysis of amplified DNA revealed three alleles, as previously described. Most of the two-rowed entries had the same allele, type K. Six-rowed entries showed both types A and D. Indeed, typ

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15

Powell, W. "Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response." Genome 30, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-026.

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The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also d

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16

Giménez, Estela, Elena Benavente, Laura Pascual, Andrés García-Sampedro, Matilde López-Fernández, José Francisco Vázquez, and Patricia Giraldo. "An F2 Barley Population as a Tool for Teaching Mendelian Genetics." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040694.

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In the context of a general genetics course, mathematical descriptions of Mendelian inheritance and population genetics are sometimes discouraging and students often have serious misconceptions. Innovative strategies in expositive classes can clearly encourage student’s motivation and participation, but laboratories and practical classes are generally the students’ favourite academic activities. The design of lab practices focused on learning abstract concepts such as genetic interaction, genetic linkage, genetic recombination, gene mapping, or molecular markers is a complex task that requires

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17

Yakovleva, O. V. "Aluminum resistance of malting barley." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-4-126-131.

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Background. Barley is the second cereal crop in Russia in terms of its importance and production volume. It is used for food, feed, and industrial purposes. The production of malting barley in Russia exceeds 1.5 million tons; each year the area under this crop increases by 10–15%, reaching 600,000– 800,000 hectares. Barleys suitable for brewing must have certain physicochemical and technological properties. The main requirements for raw materials are presented in GOST 5060-86 (state standard for malting barley). An important condition for obtaining sustainable harvests is the development and u

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18

Ramsay, L., M. Macaulay, S. degli Ivanissevich, K. MacLean, L. Cardle, J. Fuller, K. J. Edwards, et al. "A Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Linkage Map of Barley." Genetics 156, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 1997–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.4.1997.

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AbstractA total of 568 new simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based markers for barley have been developed from a combination of database sequences and small insert genomic libraries enriched for a range of short simple sequence repeats. Analysis of the SSRs on 16 barley cultivars revealed variable levels of informativeness but no obvious correlation was found with SSR repeat length, motif type, or map position. Of the 568 SSRs developed, 242 were genetically mapped, 216 with 37 previously published SSRs in a single doubled-haploid population derived from the F1 of an interspecific cross between the

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19

Pickering, R., A. Johnston P, and B. Ruge. "Importance of the Secondary Genepool in Barley Genetics and Breeding. I. Cytogenetics and Molecular Analysis." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3702-cjgpb.

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There have been no plant breeding developments using species from the tertiary genepool of cultivated barley for breeding or genetics since the VIII<sup>th</sup> International Barley Genetics Symposium in 2000. Hence, the first part of this review describes progress since 2000 in developing and characterising recombinant lines derived from hybridisations between the sole species in the secondary genepool, Hordeum bulbosum L., and cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L. The topics discussed in part I are cytogenetics and molecular analysis of recombinant lines. &nbsp;

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20

Edwards, Michael. "Genetics and Mapping of Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Resistance in Barley." Phytopathology 86, no. 2 (1996): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-86-184.

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21

Lin, Jing-Zhong, Peter L. Morrell, and Michael T. Clegg. "The Influence of Linkage and Inbreeding on Patterns of Nucleotide Sequence Diversity at Duplicate Alcohol Dehydrogenase Loci in Wild Barley (Hordeum vulgaressp. spontaneum)." Genetics 162, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 2007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.4.2007.

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AbstractPatterns of nucleotide sequence diversity are analyzed for three duplicate alcohol dehydrogenase loci (adh1-adh3) within a species-wide sample of 25 accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). The adh1 and adh2 loci are tightly linked (recombination fraction &lt;0.01) while the adh3 locus is inherited independently. Wild barley is predominantly self-fertilizing (∼98%), and as a consequence, effective recombination is restricted by the extreme reduction in heterozygosity. Large reductions in effective recombination, in turn, widen the conditions for linkage to influ

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22

Žáková, M., and M. Benková. "Genetic Diversity of Genetic Resources of Winter Barley Maintained in the Genebank in Slovakia." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3709-cjgpb.

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A set of 140 winter barley genetic resources of foreign and domestic origins was tested on experimental basis of RIPP in 1997&ndash;1999 to characterise the variability of the accessions based on agronomic data using multivariate methods. In the set tested, variability was studied of selected traits and characteristics such as: plant height (PH), weight of 1000 grains (W), grain number per a&nbsp;spike (SNG), grain uniformity &ndash; ratio of front seeds over 2.5 &nbsp;m sieve (GU), vegetation period &ndash; sowing/full maturity (VM) and seed yield (Y). Agronomic characters

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23

Komatsudaa, T., Y. Manoa, Y. Turuspekovb, I. Hondab, N. Kawadab, and Y. Watanabe. "Inheritance and genetic diversity of flowering types in barley." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6167-cjgpb.

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24

TEDIN, OLOF. "CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GENETICS OF BARLEY." Hereditas 7, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1926.tb03151.x.

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Tedin, Hans, and Olof Tedin. "Contributions to the Genetics of Barley." Hereditas 9, no. 1-3 (July 9, 2010): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1927.tb03531.x.

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TEDIN, OLOF. "CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GENETICS OF BARLEY." Hereditas 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2010): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1929.tb02512.x.

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27

Bilgic, Hatice, Seungho Cho, David F. Garvin, and Gary J. Muehlbauer. "Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat–barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines." Genome 50, no. 10 (October 2007): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-059.

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Wheat–barley disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines have been used as genetic tools for a range of applications since their development in the 1980s. In the present study, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring – Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. We mapped 1257 barley genes to chromosome arms 1HS, 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 5HS, 5HL, 7HS, and 7HL based on their transcript l

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28

Luckett, D. J., and K. J. R. Edwards. "ESTERASE GENES IN PARALLEL COMPOSITE CROSS BARLEY POPULATIONS." Genetics 114, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.1.289.

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ABSTRACT The California population of Composite Cross V of barley was used as the source of three subpopulations that were started from generations 10, 20 and 30, respectively, and were grown in parallel environmental conditions in Cambridge for eight generations. Outcrossing rates (0.2%) were even lower than in the California material, and heterozygotes were correspondingly rare, so that the populations were essentially mixtures of homozygous lines. Four esterase loci that were polymorphic in the base Composite Cross V remained so in all the derived populations, but showed considerable change

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Williams, K. J. "The molecular genetics of disease resistance in barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02219.

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The molecular genetics of disease resistance of barley and its wild relatives is reviewed, and the implications of recent findings for resistance breeding and the potential for disease control using gene technologies are discussed. As a resource for barley researchers and breeders, a chromosome map and list of mapped resistance genes, their source, and associated molecular markers are presented, updated to ultimo 2002. Genetic mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci for many major diseases is revealing a heterogeneous distribution of resistance loci on chromosomes, with more than ha

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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Ming-Cheng Luo, Gan-Yuan Zhong, Ronda Bransteitter, Amrita Desai, Andrzej Kilian, Andris Kleinhofs, and Jan Dvořák. "Genetic Map of Diploid Wheat, Triticum monococcum L., and Its Comparison With Maps of Hordeum vulgare L." Genetics 143, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 983–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.2.983.

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Abstract A genetic map of diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L., involving 335 markers, including RFLP DNA markers, isozymes, seed storage proteins, rRNA, and morphological loci, is reported. T. monococcum and barley linkage groups are remarkably conserved. They differ by a reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of chromosomes 4 and 5, and paracentric inversions in the long arm of chromosomes 1 and 4; the latter is in a segment of chromosome arm 4L translocated to 5L in T. monococcum. The order of the markers in the inverted segments in the T. monococcum genome is the same as in the

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Dunford, Roy P., Masahiro Yano, Nori Kurata, Takuji Sasaki, Gordon Huestis, Torbert Rocheford, and David A. Laurie. "Comparative Mapping of the Barley Ppd-H1 Photoperiod Response Gene Region, Which Lies Close to a Junction Between Two Rice Linkage Segments." Genetics 161, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.2.825.

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Abstract Comparative mapping of cereals has shown that chromosomes of barley, wheat, and maize can be described in terms of rice “linkage segments.” However, little is known about marker order in the junctions between linkage blocks or whether this will impair comparative analysis of major genes that lie in such regions. We used genetic and physical mapping to investigate the relationship between the distal part of rice chromosome 7L, which contains the Hd2 heading date gene, and the region of barley chromosome 2HS containing the Ppd-H1 photoperiod response gene, which lies near the junction b

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Dreissig, Steven, Martin Mascher, and Stefan Heckmann. "Variation in Recombination Rate Is Shaped by Domestication and Environmental Conditions in Barley." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 9 (June 18, 2019): 2029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz141.

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Abstract Meiotic recombination generates genetic diversity upon which selection can act. Recombination rates are highly variable between species, populations, individuals, sexes, chromosomes, and chromosomal regions. The underlying mechanisms are controlled at the genetic and epigenetic level and show plasticity toward the environment. Environmental plasticity may be divided into short- and long-term responses. We estimated recombination rates in natural populations of wild barley and domesticated landraces using a population genetics approach. We analyzed recombination landscapes in wild barl

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Huang, Biguang, Weiren Wu, and Zonglie Hong. "Genetic Loci Underlying Awn Morphology in Barley." Genes 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101613.

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Barley awns are highly active in photosynthesis and account for 30–50% of grain weight in barley. They are diverse in length, ranging from long to awnless, and in shape from straight to hooded or crooked. Their diversity and importance have intrigued geneticists for several decades. A large collection of awnness mutants are available—over a dozen of them have been mapped on chromosomes and a few recently cloned. Different awnness genes interact with each other to produce diverse awn phenotypes. With the availability of the sequenced barley genome and application of new mapping and gene cloning

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Huang, Biguang, Weiren Wu, and Zonglie Hong. "Genetic Loci Underlying Awn Morphology in Barley." Genes 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101613.

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Barley awns are highly active in photosynthesis and account for 30–50% of grain weight in barley. They are diverse in length, ranging from long to awnless, and in shape from straight to hooded or crooked. Their diversity and importance have intrigued geneticists for several decades. A large collection of awnness mutants are available—over a dozen of them have been mapped on chromosomes and a few recently cloned. Different awnness genes interact with each other to produce diverse awn phenotypes. With the availability of the sequenced barley genome and application of new mapping and gene cloning

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Allard, R. W., M. A. Saghai Maroof, Q. Zhang, and R. A. Jorgensen. "Genetic and molecular organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) variants in wild and cultivated barley." Genetics 126, no. 3 (November 1, 1990): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.3.743.

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Abstract Twenty rDNA spacer-length variants (slvs) have been identified in barley. These slvs form a ladder in which each variant (with one exception) differs from its immediate neighbors by a 115-bp subrepeat. The 20 slvs are organized in two families, one forming an eight-step ladder (slvs 100-107) in the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) of chromosome 7 and the other a 12-step ladder (slvs 108a-118) in the NOR of chromosome 6. The eight shorter slvs (100-107) segregate and serve as markers of eight alleles of Mendelian locus Rrn2 and the 12 longer slvs (108a-118) segregate and serve as marke

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Li, Wanlong, and Bikram S. Gill. "The Colinearity of the Sh2/A1 Orthologous Region in Rice, Sorghum and Maize Is Interrupted and Accompanied by Genome Expansion in the Triticeae." Genetics 160, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.3.1153.

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Abstract The Sh2/A1 orthologous region of maize, rice, and sorghum contains five genes in the order Sh2, X1, X2, and two A1 homologs in tandem duplication. The Sh2 and A1 homologs are separated by ~20 kb in rice and sorghum and by ~140 kb in maize. We analyzed the fate of the Sh2/A1 region in large-genome species of the Triticeae (wheat, barley, and rye). In the Triticeae, synteny in the Sh2/A1 region was interrupted by a break between the X1 and X2 genes. The A1 and X2 genes remained colinear in homeologous chromosomes as in other grasses. The Sh2 and X1 orthologs also remained colinear but w

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Wu, Xiao-Tong, Zhu-Pei Xiong, Kun-Xiang Chen, Guo-Rong Zhao, Ke-Ru Feng, Xiu-Hua Li, Xi-Ran Li, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Expression Profiles of PP2C in the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Pan-Genome." Genes 13, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050834.

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The gene family protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is related to developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a popular cereal crop that is primarily utilized for human consumption and nutrition. However, there is little knowledge regarding the PP2C gene family in barley. In this study, a total of 1635 PP2C genes were identified in 20 barley pan-genome accessions. Then, chromosome localization, physical and chemical feature predictions and subcellular localization were systematically analyzed. One wild barley accession (B1K-04-12) and one cultivated barley

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38

Kanazin, Vladimir, Evgeny Ananiev, and Tom Blake. "The genetics of 5S rRNA encoding multigene families in barley." Genome 36, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-136.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two loci containing genes encoding 5S rRNA were mapped on the second and third chromosomes of barley. The two gene clusters located on different chromosomes differed in the length of the nontranscribed spacer separating the 5S rRNA genes. All nontranscribed spacers contained a variable number of trinucleotide tandem repeats. The distribution of 5S genes between these two clusters and their copy number varied widely between cultivars and doubled haploids derived from a cross between two barley cultivars. However, this variation had no obvious effect on plant phenotype.Key words: 5S rRNA genes,

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39

Zhang, Qifa, G. P. Yang, Xiankai Dai, and J. Z. Sun. "A comparative analysis of genetic polymorphism in wild and cultivated barley from Tibet using isozyme and ribosomal DNA markers." Genome 37, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-090.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study was conducted to address some of the issues concerning the possible significance of Tibet in the origin and evolution of cultivated barley. A total of 1757 barley accessions from Tibet, including 1496 entries of Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (HV), 229 entries of the six-rowed wild barley H. vulgare ssp. agriocrithon (HA), and 32 entries of the two-rowed wild barley H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (HS), were assayed for allozymes at four esterase loci. A subsample of 491 accessions was surveyed for spacer-length polymorphism at two ribosomal DNA loci. Genetic variation is extensive in thes

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40

Shaaf, Salar, Gianluca Bretani, Abhisek Biswas, Irene Maria Fontana, and Laura Rossini. "Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 61, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 226–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12757.

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41

Christensen, Neil W., and Patrick M. Hayes. "Genetics of Chloride Deficiency Expression in Barley." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 40, no. 1-6 (March 2009): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620802646886.

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42

Jørgensen, J. Helms, and Martin Wolfe. "Genetics of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1994): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689409701910.

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43

Joergensen, J. H. "Genetics of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 13, no. 1 (1994): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713608055.

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44

Vasil, Indra K. "Barley: Genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology." Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1992): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(92)90102-r.

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45

Vapa, Ljiljana, and Dragana Radović. "Genetics and Molecular Biology of Barley Hordeins." Cereal Research Communications 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03543465.

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46

Huang, Biguang, Weiren Wu, and Zonglie Hong. "Genetic Interactions of Awnness Genes in Barley." Genes 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040606.

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Abstract (sommario):

Awns are extending structures from lemmas in grasses and are very active in photosynthesis, contributing directly to the filling of the developing grain. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) awns are highly diverse in shape and length and are known to be controlled by multiple awn-related genes. The genetic effects of these genes on awn diversity and development in barley are multiplexed and include complementary effect, cumulative effect, duplicate effect, recessive epistasis, dominant epistasis, and inhibiting effect, each giving a unique modified Mendelian ratio of segregation. The complexity of gen

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47

Ye, Zhaoshun, Zhen Yuan, Huan Xu, Leiwen Pan, Jingsi Chen, Anicet Gatera, Muhammad Uzair, and Dawei Xu. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Kinesin Family in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122376.

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Abstract (sommario):

Kinesin, as a member of the molecular motor protein superfamily, plays an essential function in various plants’ developmental processes. Especially at the early stages of plant growth, including influences on plants’ growth rate, yield, and quality. In this study, we did a genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of the kinesin family in barley. Forty-two HvKINs were identified and screened from the barley genome, and a generated phylogenetic tree was used to compare the evolutionary relationships between Rice and Arabidopsis. The protein structure prediction, physicochemical

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48

Dreiseitl, Antonín. "Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review." Genes 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11090971.

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Abstract (sommario):

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled by inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to the pathogens are effectiveness and durability. Resistance of barley to Bgh has been studied intensively, and this review describes recent research and summarizes the specific resistance genes found in barley varieties since the last conspectus. Bgh is extraordinarily ad

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49

Dreiseitl, Antonín. "Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in European Barley Cultivars Registered in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020." Genes 13, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071274.

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Abstract (sommario):

Barley is an important crop grown annually on about 55 Mha and intensively cultivated in Europe. In central and north-western Europe, spring and winter barley can be grown in similar environments which creates suitable conditions for the development of barley pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powdery mildew. Apart from pesticide application, it can be controlled by inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. In this contribution, results of the resistance gene identification in 58 barley cultivars to powdery mildew are presented. In 56 o

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50

Piepho, Hans-Peter. "A Mixed-Model Approach to Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Barley on the Basis of Multiple Environment Data." Genetics 156, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 2043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.4.2043.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractIn this article, I propose a mixed-model method to detect QTL with significant mean effect across environments and to characterize the stability of effects across multiple environments. I demonstrate the method using the barley dataset by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project. The analysis raises the need for mixed modeling in two different ways. First, it is reasonable to regard environments as a random sample from a population of target environments. Thus, environmental main effects and QTL-by-environment interaction effects are regarded as random. Second, I expect a genet

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