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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Sih, Andrew, and Marco Del Giudice. "Linking behavioural syndromes and cognition: a behavioural ecology perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1603 (October 5, 2012): 2762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0216.

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With the exception of a few model species, individual differences in cognition remain relatively unstudied in non-human animals. One intriguing possibility is that variation in cognition is functionally related to variation in personality. Here, we review some examples and present hypotheses on relationships between personality (or behavioural syndromes) and individual differences in cognitive style. Our hypotheses are based largely on a connection between fast–slow behavioural types (BTs; e.g. boldness, aggressiveness, exploration tendency) and cognitive speed–accuracy trade-offs. We also discuss connections between BTs, cognition and ecologically important aspects of decision-making, including sampling, impulsivity, risk sensitivity and choosiness. Finally, we introduce the notion of cognition syndromes, and apply ideas from theories on adaptive behavioural syndromes to generate predictions on cognition syndromes.

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Power, Mick J. "Cognitive Science and Behavioural Psychotherapy: Where Behaviour was, There Shall Cognition Be?" Behavioural Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300011484.

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The argument is presented that behavioural psychotherapy has long been infiltrated by cognitive ideas, whether at the level of underlying philosophy, assessment or practice. For example, none of the traditional laws of learning have withstood the test of time, but although modern learning theory has had to become increasingly cognitive, behaviour therapists have yet to integrate these advances into a better understanding of therapeutic techniques and practice. Examples are also presented of a range of cognitive tasks that may provide further insights into the nature of the affective disorders.

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Frerichs, Sabine. "Putting behavioural economics in its place: the new realism of law, economics and psychology and its alternatives." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 72, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v72i4.920.

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The behavioural turn in economics has spilled over into the field of law and economics. Some scholars even consider behavioural economics a variety of new legal realism, invoking earlier efforts to promote law as a behavioural and social science. In fact, behavioural economics works towards more realistic assumptions about human behaviour by drawing on empirical research methods, namely economic experiments. However, not all realisms are alike. Much of the mainstream of behavioural economics is inspired by cognitive psychology, which entails a move from behaviour to cognition and, ultimately, to brains. For scholars with a socio-legal background, legal realism rather points in the opposite direction: to the social contexts and institutional frameworks that shape individual behaviour. By exploring alternative options for a new realism at the intersection of law, economics, and related disciplines, this article exposes the relative neglect of institutions in behavioural economics and the tendency to reduce them to a corrective for cognitive biases in applications to law. At the same time, it provides a broad overview of different varieties of realism next to behavioural-economic ones.

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van der Heijden, Jeroen. "Urban climate governance informed by behavioural insights: A commentary and research agenda." Urban Studies 57, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 1994–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019864002.

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Policy and governance interventions often build on a rational choice perspective of human behaviour. Over the years, the behavioural sciences have highlighted how people sometimes deviate in predictable ways from this perspective. Building on a systematic analysis of 200 peer-reviewed publications published between 2009 and 2018, this article discusses the core cognitive biases and heuristics uncovered by the behavioural sciences, and gives insights into how these can be exploited to develop urban climate governance interventions to promote behaviours that help mitigate climate change at city level. The article concludes with a research agenda for this promising area of research for scholars of urban climate governance.

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Luca, Maria, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, and Antonina Luca. "Cognitive-Behavioural Correlates of Dysbiosis: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 4834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144834.

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Evidence suggests an association between an altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis), cognitive performance and behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the current literature regarding the cognitive-behavioural correlates of dysbiosis, with special attention on the clinical and biochemical mechanisms underlying the association between dysbiosis, cognition (mild cognitive impairment and dementia) and behaviour (depression, schizophrenia, addiction). After providing an overview of the evidence, the review discusses the molecular aspects that could account for the cognitive-behavioural correlates of dysbiosis. Shedding light on this topic could provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of these burdening neuropsychiatric disorders and even suggest future therapeutic strategies.

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Quartz, Steven R. "FROM COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TO NEUROECONOMICS." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (November 2008): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002083.

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As an emerging discipline, neuroeconomics faces considerable methodological and practical challenges. In this paper, I suggest that these challenges can be understood by exploring the similarities and dissimilarities between the emergence of neuroeconomics and the emergence of cognitive and computational neuroscience two decades ago. From these parallels, I suggest the major challenge facing theory formation in the neural and behavioural sciences is that of being under-constrained by data, making a detailed understanding of physical implementation necessary for theory construction in neuroeconomics. Rather than following a top-down strategy, neuroeconomists should be pragmatic in the use of available data from animal models, information regarding neural pathways and projections, computational models of neural function, functional imaging and behavioural data. By providing convergent evidence across multiple levels of organization, neuroeconomics will have its most promising prospects of success.

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Leal, Manuel, and Brian J. Powell. "Behavioural flexibility and problem-solving in a tropical lizard." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0480.

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The role of behavioural flexibility in responding to new or changing environmental challenges is a central theme in cognitive ecology. Studies of behavioural flexibility have focused mostly on mammals and birds because theory predicts that behavioural flexibility is favoured in species or clades that exploit a diversity of habitats or food sources and/or have complex social structure, attributes not associated with ectothermic vertebrates. Here, we present the results of a series of experiments designed to test cognitive abilities across multiple cognitive modules in a tropical arboreal lizard: Anolis evermanni . This lizard shows behavioural flexibility across multiple cognitive tasks, including solving a novel motor task using multiple strategies and reversal learning, as well as rapid associative learning. This flexibility was unexpected because lizards are commonly believed to have limited cognitive abilities and highly stereotyped behaviour. Our findings indicate that the cognitive abilities of A. evermanni are comparable with those of some endothermic species that are recognized to be highly flexible, and strongly suggest a re-thinking of our understanding of the cognitive abilities of ectothermic tetrapods and of the factors favouring the evolution of behavioural flexibility.

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Han, Yu, Xuezheng Li, Zhida Feng, Ruoyu Jin, Joseph Kangwa, and Obas John Ebohon. "Grounded Theory and Social Psychology Approach to Investigating the Formation of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviour." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3581563.

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There have been limited studies analyzing the causes of construction workers’ unsafe behaviour from the social psychology perspective. Based on a Grounded Theory approach, this study first identified and defined seven coded categories related to workers’ dangerous behaviour on construction sites. The original qualitative data were obtained from individual site interviews conducted with 35 construction professionals. These main categories were found connected to workers’ status of safety awareness and sense of danger, which affected the type of unsafe behaviours, i.e., proactive, passive, or reactive behaviour. By further integrating social cognitive psychology theories into workers’ behavioural decision-making process, the formation mechanism framework and diagram were developed to describe construction workers’ unsafe behaviours based on the dynamic process of balancing the individual desires and perceived safety risks. This study advances the body of knowledge in construction safety behavioural management by performing in-depth theoretical analysis regarding workers’ internal desires, activated by external scenarios and intervened by a personal safety cognition system, which could result in different motivations and various behavioural outcomes. It is argued that safety cognition serves as a mediated moderation system affecting behavioural performance. Practical suggestions on developing a proper safety management system incorporating safety education in guiding construction workers’ site behaviours are presented.

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Anshel, Mark H. "Cognitive‐behavioural Strategies:." Journal of Managerial Psychology 7, no. 6 (June 1992): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949210018322.

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Morris, Edward K. "The Molloy-Birnbrauer Exchange: How Many Factors do a Psychology Make?" Behaviour Change 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009049.

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Molloy and Birnbrauer have recently exchanged views in this journal over how how many factors are necessary to provide an adequate account of human behaviour and behaviour change. Their differences apparently reflect alternative conceptualizations of the roles played by physiology and cognition in the analysis of behaviour. The present paper provides some background to these issues, showing that the current cognitive behavioural approach to physiology and cognition is but a reworking of some aspects of traditional mentalism. Following this, several alternatives to this traditional conceptualization are offered by way of (a) an analysis of how functional and structural contextual conditions affect behaviour and (b) distinctions between issues of behavioural process and content-related behavioural substance. For psychology to be a cumulative and progressive enterprise, a natural science approach to issues of physiology and cognition must be maintained, no matter how many factors may be tajcen as germane to human behaviour and behaviour change

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Christodoulou, Vasiliki. "The cognitive-behavioural approach : a closer look at some of its latest developments." Thesis, City, University of London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16329/.

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Objectives: Three studies addressed the effectiveness of a preventative Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training for university students and university employees. The studies aimed to explore whether changes in participants' psychological well-being would be mediated by the mechanisms of change theorized as central in ACT. Design and Method: The studies adopted an embedded mixed method, repeated-measures randomised controlled trial design. In the first study 65 participants recruited from a university student population were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: 1) a training day (6 hours) based on Acceptance 'and Commitment Therapy (ACT); 2) a waiting-list control group. The intervention was delivered to groups of participants. Participants in both conditions were required to complete outcome and mediation measures at baseline (Time 1), at one month (Time 2) and two months after the training (Time 3). At two months post, participants in the intervention group were also asked to provide written feedback reflecting on the impact of the training. The second and third studies utilised similar methodology. Specifically, in the second study, 71 participants were recruited from a university student population, and in the third study 68 participants were recruited from the university workforce. Assessments were completed at similar time points as in the first study. Results: The first study (students) resulted in significant between-group differences on mental health variables at one month benefiting the intervention group. The second study (students) indicated beneficial improvements in the intervention group's mental health at two months post intervention. There was some evidence of ACT-consistent mediation in these studies. The third study (employees) failed to identify significant improvements for participants in the ACT condition although participants in the waiting list group had evidenced deterioration of their mental health at one-month. Participants across studies described the experienced impact of the intervention and noted barriers of engaging with the training skills. Conclusions: Brief ACT preventative interventions could be of potential value as prophylactic approaches. The study identified a requirement of a longer intervention format to enhance engagement with training skills. The study outlines recommendations for improvements of future preventative ACT projects.

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Strachan, Shaelyn. "An Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory Examination of the Role of Identity in Health Behaviour and Behavioural Regulation." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/729.

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The self has been identified as the ?psychological apparatus that allows individuals to think consciously about themselves? (Leary & Price Tangney, 2003, p. 8). Further, the self has been identified as a worthwhile construct of investigation in relation to health behaviour (Contrada & Ashmore, 1999). Two self-related variables that have been useful in the study of health behaviour are identity (e. g. Anderson, Cychosz, & Franke, 1998; Petosa, Suminski & Hortz, 2003; Storer, Cychosz, & Anderson, 1997) and self-efficacy (Maddux, Brawley & Boykin, 1995). Identity Theory posits that individuals regulate their behaviour in a manner that is consistent with their goal identity (Gecas & Burke, 2003). Social Cognitive Theory provides a means of measuring social cognitions that may be important in behavioural regulation relative to identity. Further, self-efficacy beliefs may influence individuals? persistence at aligning their identity and behaviour. Research to date has investigated the link between identity and exercise (e. g. Anderson, Cychosz & Franke, 1998; Petosa, et al. , 2003). Further, researchers are beginning to investigate the link between identity and other health behaviours (e. g. Armitage & Conner, 1999; Kendzierski and Costello, 2004; Storer, Cychosz, & Andersen, 1997). However, research has not utilized the predictive frameworks offered by Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to investigate the relationships between identity, behaviour and behavioural regulation. Study One investigated the role of identity and self-efficacy beliefs in the maintenance of vigorous physical activity. Results were consistent with both Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Individuals who strongly identified with the runner identity expressed stronger task and self-regulatory efficacy beliefs. They also exercised more frequently and for longer durations than did those who only moderately identified with running. Study Two further explored the relationship between exercise identity, exercise behaviour and the self-regulatory processes involved in behavioural regulation. Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory were used as guiding frameworks for this investigation. High and moderate exercise identity groups were compared in term of their affective and cognitive reactions to a hypothetical behavioural challenge to exercise identity. Consistent with Identity Theory, results indicated that participants appeared to be regulating their behaviour in a manner that was consistent with their exercise identity. Specifically, in response to the behavioural challenge to identity, high exercise identity participants, in contrast to their moderate counterparts, showed (a) less positive and (b) greater negative affect about the challenge, (c) higher self-regulatory efficacy for future exercise under the same challenging conditions, (d) stronger intentions for this future exercise, as well as for (e) using self-regulatory strategies to manage the challenging conditions and (f) intending to exercise more frequently under those conditions. Study Three investigated whether identity with healthy eating could also be useful in understanding behaviour and behavioural regulation. Similar to Study Two, extreme healthy-eater identity groups? reactions to a hypothetical behavioural challenge to identity were compared. Results were similar to Study Two. Participants responded in a manner that suggested that they would regulate their future behaviour relative to their healthy-eater identity. In response to the behavioural challenge to identity, individuals who highly identified as healthy-eaters expressed less (a) positive affect, greater (b) negative affect, (c) self-regulatory efficacy for managing their healthy eating in the future challenging weeks, (d) intentions to eat a healthy diet, (e) generated more self-regulatory strategies and had (f) stronger intentions to use those strategies in future weeks under the same challenging conditions than did individuals who moderately identified themselves as healthy-eaters. Further, prospective relationships between healthy-eater identity and social cognitive variables, and healthy eating outcomes were examined. As was found in Study One in the context of exercise, healthy-eater identity and social cognitions predicted healthy eating outcomes. Taken together, the three studies suggest that identity may be important in understanding health behaviours and the regulation of these behaviours. Also, the present findings support the compatible use of Identity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory in the investigation of identity and health behaviour.

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Wong, Chit Yu. "How can a music therapy student facilitate contributions by adolescent clients who have psychiatric disorders in group music therapy? : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy at New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1093.

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This study explored ways in which a music therapy student could modify and improve her own clinical practice in order to facilitate client contribution in group music therapy in an acute adolescent inpatient unit. Through cycles of observation, evaluation, planning, and action, the music therapy student was able to examine her facilitation techniques in detail and modified them accordingly. There were six fortnightly cycles and in each cycle, the research journal, research notes, and video-recording were systematically reviewed by the music therapy student herself, and themes were drawn out to contribute to the planning of the next cycle. The results suggested that while direct questions predominated at the start of study, the music therapy student was able to adopt a variety of other techniques by the end of the research period, including self-disclosure, appropriate eye contact, and the shifting of responsibility. The music therapy student also found that her own anxiety level, which was often caused by periods of silence in music groups, also had an important impact on her ability to facilitate. The discussion addressed other factors that are believed to have contributed to the student?s ability to facilitate in group music therapy.

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Xin, Ren. "Machine Learning Classification of Response to Internet-based Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy using Genome-Wide Association Study Data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280354.

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Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data is used to predict clinical outcome of Internet-based Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for patients suffering from depression. The original data has a very small sample size, but a huge number of features. We reduce the number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) by selecting the ones associated with unipolar depression. We define and train a Convolutional Neural Network model with the new data containing only the selected SNPs. For comparison, we also train a logistic regression model with the new data and train both models with a same size data set containing SNPs randomly chosen from the total set. The results show that the selected SNPs have stronger prediction power than the random SNPs, the trained models with the selected SNPs have better performance than a nondiscriminating classifier; however, the CNN model does not perform better than the logistic regression model. These results are discussed, with suggestions for future improvements, such as means to increase the sample size and to reduce the feature size. Data från Genome-Wide Association (GWAS) används för att förutsäga kliniskt resultat av internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi för patienter som lider av depression. Originaluppgifterna har en mycket liten provstorlek, men ett stort antal funktioner. Vi minskar antalet funktioner, som är enkla nukleotidpolymorfismer (SNP), genom att välja de som är associerade med unipolär depression. Vi definierar och tränar en Convolutional Neural Network-modell med den nya informationen som endast innehåller de valda SNP:erna. Som jämförelse tränar vi också en logistisk regressionsmodell med den nya datan och tränar båda modellerna med samma storlek som innehåller SNP:er som slumpmässigt valt från den totala uppsättningen. Resultaten visar att de valda SNP:erna har starkare förutsägelseskraft än de slumpmässiga SNP:erna, de tränade modellerna med de valda SNP:erna har bättre prestanda än en icke-diskriminerande klassificerare; CNN-modellen presterar emellertid inte bättre än den logistiska regressionsmodellen. Dessa resultat diskuteras med förslag på framtida förbättringar, till exempel medel för att öka provstorleken och minska funktionsstorleken.

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au, mwise@westnet com, and Michael Wise. "Mad Science: Discourses of Schizophrenia and Therapy for Hearing Voices." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041221.95451.

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People who are diagnosed with severe mental illness experience some of the most extreme and pervasive prejudice of all groups in Western society. How can this still be so? Although the term mental illness is typically reserved for the most serious of cases, psychiatrys medical model is expanding into increasingly everyday realms. Thus, in concert with efforts to reduce social stigma, mental illness is becoming normal. Nevertheless, abnormality is a requirement of biopsychiatry and its offshoots; professionals require some thing to remedy. How do clinical professionals manage these tensions? And what alternatives are there to the pathologizing of such phenomena? Such concerns are considered in relation to my main thesis question: How do professionals represent schizophrenia and hearing voices in theoretical texts, and how is that played out in the minutiae of therapy practices? Drawing on discourse analysis and conversation analysis, I critique professional categorizations of what are typically known as schizophrenia, mental illness, patients, clients, and therapists. My case in point is the experience of hearing voices - pathologically known as auditory hallucinations. Delusional beliefs are also considered. In Part 1, accounts of voices as supernatural or ordinary phenomena, or as a symptom of severe mental illness, are considered. Mainstream psychiatric and psychological texts are analyzed and critical alternatives are summarized. In Part 2, a selection of studies of interactions involving severe mental illness are reviewed and ongoing analytic/methodological debates are discussed. A cognitivebehavioural therapy group for hearing distressing voices then provides data from clinical talk-in-interaction for analysis. I focus on negotiations of reality (the ordinary versus the psychiatric) and on what I take to be sanist prejudice-in-action. Part 3 relates findings from Part 2 to the context and findings of Part 1. There is also discussion of the positive implications of a more social and dialogical approach to understanding and otherwise dealing with the phenomena in question; for voice hearers, schizophrenics, and society at large.

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Tarabi, Said Aris. "The experiences of second generation Pakistani Muslim men receiving individual cognitive behavioural therapy : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1220/.

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Background/Aims: According to the United Kingdom (UK) census statistics (ONS, 2011), Islam represents the second largest religion after Christianity, and the largest group of Muslims in the UK has a Pakistani heritage. Analysis of the existing research suggests that Pakistani Muslim men with psychological difficulties under-utilise mental health services in the UK. Several studies (mainly quantitative in nature) have reported that CBT can be an appropriate treatment for Pakistani Muslims, but some authors argue that there are fundamental philosophical conflicts between Islam and CBT. However, there has been no research to date on how CBT is actually experienced by Pakistani Muslim men, and the needs of this under-represented group remain unexplored. In response to this dearth of research, particularly in Counselling Psychology, this study investigated the experiences of Pakistani men who had completed CBT treatment within the last 18 months. Design/Method: Verbatim accounts of semi-structured interviews were analysed employing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The participants were six Second-Generation Pakistani Muslim men (SGPMM) aged between 20 and 43 who had received individual CBT. Findings: In the process of analysis three superordinate themes were generated: ‘Pre-CBT difficulties’ (which refers to the thoughts, feelings and challenges that the participants had encountered prior to CBT), ‘the process of CBT for Muslim men’ (which discusses what CBT means and how helpful and/or unhelpful the participants found CBT), ‘the interaction between CBT and Islam (which explores the significance of religion, and how CBT and Islam complement and/or clash with each other). Conclusions: The participants emphasised the difficulties and concerns that SGPMM can encounter in therapy as a result of religious and cultural pressures: namely in adhering to collectivist and individualist values, in meeting family and community expectations, and in reconciling differing aspects of Islam and CBT. It is therefore suggested that training programmes and practitioners should consider developing more targeted interventions to better address this group of clients’ religious and cultural needs.

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Silfvernagel, Kristin. "Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents, young adults and older adults with anxiety." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-135823.

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Anxiety disorders share the feature of excessive fear, anxiety and related behavioural disturbances. Fear is defined as the emotional response to a real or a perceived imminent threat and anxiety is the anticipation of a future threat. The anxiety disorders covered in this thesis are panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified. Cognitive behavioural treatment protocols are typically designed to target one specific disorder and falls under the definition of disorder-specific cognitive behavioural therapy. It is however unclear if this is the most optimal approach in regards to the high comorbidity between anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy has in the past generally been disorder-specific and from above mentioned predicament two alternative treatment approaches emerged, the tailored and the transdiagnostic approach that aims to simultaneously treat both principal and comorbid disorders. Previous trials on internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy have targeted adults in general and relatively few target adolescents, young adults and older adults. The aims of this thesis were to further develop and test the effects of tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy on the basis of age, for adolescents, young adults and older adults. Specifically by developing and testing the effects of individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms and by adapting and testing the effects of individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for young adults and older adults with anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms. These aims were tested in two pilot effectiveness studies (Paper I and III) and two efficacy randomised controlled trials (Paper II and IV). The results from these four trials showed significant results across all outcome measures with overall moderate to large effect sizes. The tentative conclusion based on these results is that tailoring internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy can be a feasible approach in the treatment of anxiety symptoms and comorbid depressive symptoms for adolescents, young adults and older adults. Despite the positive findings of the studies in this thesis, there is a need for more research examining the acceptability and effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents, young adults and older adults with anxiety and depression before implementation on a larger scale.

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Andersson, Peter. "Implementation of website for cognitive behavioural therapy using the development framework Symfony." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54722.

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This report follows the process of developing a website for cognitive behavioural therapy using the web development framework Symfony. The purpose was to find out if it is appropriate to use Symfony to ease development and maintenance of a website for therapy. For this to be true the framework had to be able to help create a website that was secure, user-friendly and easy to maintain.The website was developed using several features of the framework including database abstraction, automatic code generation and URL-rewriting. A plugin was used to enhance the security by adding a complete solution for user authentication. The website was tested by using built-in test functionality of the framework that could run test on functions or emulating a browser visiting the website.During the development the framework was tested and evaluated. The worst drawback turned out to be Symfonys steep learning curve, its security solution that only worked if the website was installed correctly and its slow loading time. Except those faults the framework performed well and was easy to use ones the initial learning time was over.

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Greville, K. A. "Central auditory processing in children with a history of neonatal jaundice." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1986.

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An experimental group (Group A) of 22 children around 7 years of age who had normal hearing for pure tones but who had experienced neonatal jaundice with peak bilirubin levels of at least 300 µmol/l was tested on a range of audiological tests selected to assess aspects of their central auditory processing. Children who had not been tested for bilirubin level were selected as control subjects (Group B); they were matched on the variables gender, race, gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores and occurrence of respiratory problems. A smaller experimental group, Group C (n=7), with peak bilirubin levels between 250 and 299 µmol/l but with perinatal complications was also studied. The experimental groups had higher mean acoustic reflex thresholds and lower mean reflex amplitudes than the control group. Acoustic reflex threshold patterns of abnormality consistent with central dysfunction occurred in two children from the main experimental group and two children in the control group. None of the children from Group C showed abnormal reflex thresholds. Acoustic reflex amplitude patterns of abnormality consistent with central dysfunction were present in six children from Group A and two children from Group C, compared with three children from the control group. Masking level differences were absent in five subjects from Group A and three children from Group C, compared with three control subjects. No group differences were evident for ABR latency or amplitude measures, but poor morphology or repeatability of wave V was observed in ten subjects from Group A and three children from Group C, compared with five children from the control group. A larger number of failures within the experimental groups was found for two of the four speech tests, that is, for interrupted and filtered speech tests, but not speech in noise or competing words tests. Five children from Group A (but none from Group C) performed poorly on the interrupted speech test, compared with two from Group B. The filtered speech test was failed by six children from Group A and two children from Group C, compared with two from Group B. Parental reports of behavioural or learning disorders were distributed equally among the groups and were not associated with particular patterns of test failure. Overall, children in the experimental groups failed significantly more tests of central auditory functioning than did children in the control group (F(2,48)=5.5,p<.01). The results were interpreted as implicating jaundice in long-term central auditory processing abnormalities.

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Hammond, Kay Maree. "A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Women’s Body Image: Comparisons Between Normal Weight, Overweight, Eating Disordered and Body Building Women." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1987.

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This thesis approaches the area of women's body image with the aim of expanding existing knowledge based on traditional male/female comparisons of how women respond to quantitative measures of body image. It does so by distinguishing between some different body-type groups of women. These were mostly Caucasian women aged eighteen and over who lived in the greater Auckland area. They were grouped as: normal weight (n=43); overweight (n=37); women with eating disturbances (n=27); and body builders (n=17). A pilot study involving ten normal weight women examined the face validity of several established international measures of body image as well as additional ones developed for the main study. The established questionnaires were: the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, the Weight Locus of Control Scale, a Figure Rating Scale and a Silhouette Rating scale. The newer measures consisted of modifications made to the Figure Rating Scale and the Silhouette Rating scale. Verbal questions about teasing history were also asked, the intention being to formulate a teasing history questionnaire for the main study. These measures were found to be valid by the women. In part one of the main study quantitative comparisons between the groups revealed some differences, but also some surprising similarities. Desirable body types of normal weight and muscular physique were described positively in physical and personality terms. The undesirable body types of thin and overweight received negative descriptions irrespective of the women's own group membership. The eating disordered women scored the lowest self-esteem while the other groups did not differ. The body builders scored the highest body-esteem while the normal weight and overweight, and overweight and eating disordered groups did not differ. Correlations between self-esteem and body-esteem were significant for all groups except the body builders. The correlation was strong for the eating disordered group and moderate for the normal weight and overweight groups. In the Figure Rating Scale the body builders chose more muscular ideal figures than the other groups and for all groups the ideal and current figures were usually one figure size different. At least half the women in each group felt their body was the same size as they thought it was' Of those remaining who gave different answers to the think versus feel ratings, nearly all in the eating disordered group reported they felt bigger. In the other groups there was an even split between those who felt bigger and those who felt smaller than they thought they were. The women were most united in their selection of the figure they thought men would find most attractive. In approximately a quarter to one third of each group (excluding the body builders due to small numbers) the figure selected as attractive to men was also chosen as the self ideal. Approximately a quarter of each group [excluding body builders) selected the same self ideal and peer ideal, however a considerable percentage of women selected a larger self ideal than peer ideal. All groups reported there should not be an ideal figure at all in society. All groups tended to believe that their weight was under their own control. Most women reported having been teased about their appearance and being affected by this teasing. This was especially noticeable for the eating disordered group, a considerable percentage reporting they still felt adversely affected by it. Part two of the study introduces feminist poststructuralist theory and the Foucaultian concept of power and discourse analysis as ways to explore body image research. The body image literature introduced in part one is then revisited showing how this area of research can be harmful for women. The presentation of the interviews with 28 women follows, seven women from each body type group. A short form of discourse analysis was used for the women's responses to issues in body building, their explanations of the self-esteem, body-esteem, and the results of the correlation of the two. Issues related to the presence of an ideal figure size in society are also discussed. A longer form of discourse analysis was involved for the readings of the women's accounts of having been teased about their appearance. These readings showed many women located their accounts of teasing within a discourse of trivialisation-of-teasing, indicating that the seemingly trivial practice of teasing is a powerful form of social control, resulting in feelings of vulnerability. The study concluded with summaries and conclusions from the literature presented in the introductions of both parts one and two. The quantitative and qualitative research methods were compared to see what both could offer body image research. Finally speculations were made about directions which body image research could take at both the individual and cultural level.

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Esposito, Anna. Cognitive Behavioural Systems: COST 2102 International Training School, Dresden, Germany, February 21-26, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Joseph, Avi. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2010.

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Neenan, Michael. Cognitive Behavioural Coaching. Edited by Michael Neenan. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Coaching distinctive features: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351188555.

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Esposito, Anna, Antonietta M. Esposito, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Rüdiger Hoffmann, and Vincent C. Müller, eds. Cognitive Behavioural Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34584-5.

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G, Stradling Stephen, and Dryden Windy, eds. Developing cognitive-behavioural counselling. London: Sage Publications, 1995.

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Alan, Davidson, ed. Cognitive behavioural therapy explained. Oxford: Radcliffe, 2007.

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Gerhard, Roth. The Long Evolution of Brains and Minds. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Cowling, A. G. Behavioural sciences for managers. London: Edward Arnold, 1990.

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Humphris, Gerry. Behavioural sciences for dentistry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

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Cognitive behavioural counselling in action. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Sage, 2011.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Rubinelli, Sara, Nicola Diviani, and Maddalena Fiordelli. "The Cognitive and Behavioural Sciences." In Communicating about Risks and Safe Use of Medicines, 195–217. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3013-5_7.

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Hallam, Richard. "Cognitive science versus behavioural theory." In The Evolution of Human Cleverness, 76–78. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165507-37.

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Dalal, Farhad. "Good science." In CBT: The Cognitive Behavioural Tsunami, 137–44. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429457814-11.

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Dalal, Farhad. "The corruptions of science." In CBT: The Cognitive Behavioural Tsunami, 145–65. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429457814-12.

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Sarkar, Debashis. "Minimising cognitive overload." In Behavioural Science for Quality and Continuous Improvement, 84–91. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003250517-14.

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Veltri, Giuseppe A. "Describing Human Behaviour Through Computational Social Science." In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16624-2_8.

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AbstractThe possibilities offered by digital and Computational Social Science can improve our understanding of human behaviour as never before. The availability of behavioural data in a society where the digital has been widely adopted is because of two reasons: first, the vast amount of digital traces produced by people in their daily lives and related behaviours and, second, the possibility of running online experiments that can cover a large segment of a target population (we have seen online experiments with hundreds of thousands of participants). This chapter will discuss the opportunity offered by online large behavioural experiments. The implications for policymakers of this shift are the possibility of having behavioural insights both across different societies and better understanding and capturing within a country heterogeneity. In other words, large-scale online experiments combined with computational methods allow for unprecedented cognitive and behavioural based segmentation.

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Tkalčič, Marko. "Complementing Behavioural Modeling with Cognitive Modeling for Better Recommendations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59491-6_1.

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Swan, John, and Graham Sloan. "An Introduction to the Art and Science of Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy." In Principles of Specialty Nursing, 59–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31772-4_6.

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Möller, Ralf. "Perception Through Anticipation. A Behaviour-Based Approach to Visual Perception." In Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences, 169–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-29605-0_19.

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Glüge, Stefan, Oussama H. Hamid, Jochen Braun, and Andreas Wendemuth. "A Markov Model of Conditional Associative Learning in a Cognitive Behavioural Scenario." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21344-1_2.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Fernández-Rubio, Pablo. "A Web 2.0 For The Gamification Of Sciences In High School: Jedirojo Science." In 6th icCSBs October 2017 The Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.11.18.

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Stranovska, Eva, Dasa Munkova, and Silvia Hvozdikova. "Categorisation and Reading Comprehension in Social-Cognitive and Behavioural Sciences." In 4th International Congress on Clinical and Counselling Psychology. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.02.8.

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Mynbayeva, Aigerim, Anastassiya Vishnevskaya, and Bakhytkul Akshalova. "Creativity Particularities of Students Specializing in Humanities, Science, Technics in Kazakhstani Universities." In 4th Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.15.

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Oliveras, Alicia Fernández, and María Luisa Oliveras. "Broadening teacher training: playful learning in non-formal contexts for science and mathematics education." In 4th Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.17.

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Mota, Andreia. "Familial relationships perceived by parents and adolescent depression: Psychosocial functioning moderating effect." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.4.

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Pestana, Cátia. "Parental Resilience and Adolescence Depression: Moderating Effect of Children’s Psychosocial Functioning." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.5.

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Gomes, Ana Sofia. "Maltreatment experiences and depression in adolescents: The moderating effect of psychosocial functioning." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.6.

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Pinheiro, Maria Rosário. "The Resilience Scale: A study in a Portuguese adult sample." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.7.

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Brito, Joana. "Quality of Interpersonal Relationships and Depression in Adolescence: Psychosocial Functioning Moderating Effect." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.8.

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Naurzalina, Danna. "The impact of family style education on high school student’s grades." In 3th International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.08.21.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Arrowsmith, Marie. LDRD @ SNL July 2015. Cognitive Sciences. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1212253.

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Faden, Alan I. Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373779.

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Ledley, Robert S., and Alan I. Faden. Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289775.

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Vaughan, Willard S. Cognitive And Neural Sciences Division 1992 Programs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263400.

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Vaughan, Willard S. Cognitive and Neural Sciences Division 1990 Programs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233773.

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Vaughan, Willard S. Cognitive and Neural Sciences Division 1991 Programs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244799.

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Hidayat, Rachmat, Patricia Wulandari, and Lusia Hayati. Does Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Affect Perceived Stress, Anxiety-depression Scores and Saliva Cortisol in Depression? "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.03.17.

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Schneider, Sarah, Daniel Wolf, and Astrid Schütz. Workshop for the Assessment of Social-Emotional Competences : Application of SEC-I and SEC-SJT. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49180.

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The modular workshop offers a science-based introduction to the concept of social-emotional competences. It focuses on the psychological assessment of such competences in in institutions specialized in the professional development of people with learning disabilities. As such, the workshop is primarily to be understood as an application-oriented training programme for professionals who work in vocational education and use (or teach the usage of) the assessment tools SEC-I and SEC-SJT (Inventory and Situational Judgment Test for the assessment of social-emotional competence in young people with (sub-) clinical cognitive or psychological impairment) which were developed at the University of Bamberg. The workshop comprises seven subject areas that can be flexibly put together as required: theoretical basics and definitions of social-emotional competence, the basics of psychological assessment, potential difficulties in its use, usage of the self-rating scale, the situational judgment test, the observer-rating scale, and objective observation of behaviour. The general aim of this workshop is to learn how to use and apply the assessment tools in practical settings.

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Rancans, Elmars, Jelena Vrublevska, Ilana Aleskere, Baiba Rezgale, and Anna Sibalova. Mental health and associated factors in the general population of Latvia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/0mqsi9.

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Description The goal of the study was to assess mental health, socio-psychological and behavioural aspects in the representative sample of Latvian general population in online survey, and to identify vulnerable groups during COVID-19 pandemic and develop future recommendations. The study was carried out from 6 to 27 July 2020 and was attributable to the period of emergency state from 11 March to 10 June 2020. The protocol included demographic data and also data pertaining to general health, previous self-reported psychiatric history, symptoms of anxiety, clinically significant depression and suicidality, as well as a quality of sleep, sex, family relationships, finance, eating and exercising and religion/spirituality, and their changes during the pandemic. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used to determine the presence of distress or depression, the Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale was used to assess suicidal behaviour, current symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. (2021-02-04) Subject Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keyword: COVID19, pandemic, depression, anxiety, suicidality, mental health, Latvia

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Tare, Medha, Susanne Nobles, and Wendy Xiao. Partnerships that Work: Tapping Research to Address Learner Variability in Young Readers. Digital Promise, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/67.

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Over the past several decades, the student population in the United States has grown more diverse by factors including race, socioeconomic status, primary language spoken at home, and learning differences. At the same time, learning sciences research has advanced our understanding of learner variability and the importance of grounding educational practice and policy in the individual, rather than the fiction of an average student. To address this gap, LVP distills existing research on cognitive, social and emotional, content area, and background Learner Factors that affect learning in various domains, such as reading and math. In conjunction with the development process, LPS researchers worked with ReadWorks to design studies to assess the impact of the newly implemented features on learner outcomes.

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