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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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1

Sih, Andrew, and Marco Del Giudice. "Linking behavioural syndromes and cognition: a behavioural ecology perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1603 (October 5, 2012): 2762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0216.

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With the exception of a few model species, individual differences in cognition remain relatively unstudied in non-human animals. One intriguing possibility is that variation in cognition is functionally related to variation in personality. Here, we review some examples and present hypotheses on relationships between personality (or behavioural syndromes) and individual differences in cognitive style. Our hypotheses are based largely on a connection between fast–slow behavioural types (BTs; e.g. boldness, aggressiveness, exploration tendency) and cognitive speed–accuracy trade-offs. We also dis

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2

Power, Mick J. "Cognitive Science and Behavioural Psychotherapy: Where Behaviour was, There Shall Cognition Be?" Behavioural Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300011484.

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The argument is presented that behavioural psychotherapy has long been infiltrated by cognitive ideas, whether at the level of underlying philosophy, assessment or practice. For example, none of the traditional laws of learning have withstood the test of time, but although modern learning theory has had to become increasingly cognitive, behaviour therapists have yet to integrate these advances into a better understanding of therapeutic techniques and practice. Examples are also presented of a range of cognitive tasks that may provide further insights into the nature of the affective disorders.

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3

Frerichs, Sabine. "Putting behavioural economics in its place: the new realism of law, economics and psychology and its alternatives." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 72, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v72i4.920.

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The behavioural turn in economics has spilled over into the field of law and economics. Some scholars even consider behavioural economics a variety of new legal realism, invoking earlier efforts to promote law as a behavioural and social science. In fact, behavioural economics works towards more realistic assumptions about human behaviour by drawing on empirical research methods, namely economic experiments. However, not all realisms are alike. Much of the mainstream of behavioural economics is inspired by cognitive psychology, which entails a move from behaviour to cognition and, ultimately,

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4

van der Heijden, Jeroen. "Urban climate governance informed by behavioural insights: A commentary and research agenda." Urban Studies 57, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 1994–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019864002.

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Policy and governance interventions often build on a rational choice perspective of human behaviour. Over the years, the behavioural sciences have highlighted how people sometimes deviate in predictable ways from this perspective. Building on a systematic analysis of 200 peer-reviewed publications published between 2009 and 2018, this article discusses the core cognitive biases and heuristics uncovered by the behavioural sciences, and gives insights into how these can be exploited to develop urban climate governance interventions to promote behaviours that help mitigate climate change at city

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Luca, Maria, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, and Antonina Luca. "Cognitive-Behavioural Correlates of Dysbiosis: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 4834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144834.

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Evidence suggests an association between an altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis), cognitive performance and behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the current literature regarding the cognitive-behavioural correlates of dysbiosis, with special attention on the clinical and biochemical mechanisms underlying the association between dysbiosis, cognition (mild cognitive impairment and dementia) and behaviour (depression, schizophrenia, addiction). After providing an overview of the evidence, the review discusses the molecular aspects that could account for the cognitive-behavioural correlates

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Quartz, Steven R. "FROM COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TO NEUROECONOMICS." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (November 2008): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002083.

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As an emerging discipline, neuroeconomics faces considerable methodological and practical challenges. In this paper, I suggest that these challenges can be understood by exploring the similarities and dissimilarities between the emergence of neuroeconomics and the emergence of cognitive and computational neuroscience two decades ago. From these parallels, I suggest the major challenge facing theory formation in the neural and behavioural sciences is that of being under-constrained by data, making a detailed understanding of physical implementation necessary for theory construction in neuroecon

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7

Leal, Manuel, and Brian J. Powell. "Behavioural flexibility and problem-solving in a tropical lizard." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0480.

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The role of behavioural flexibility in responding to new or changing environmental challenges is a central theme in cognitive ecology. Studies of behavioural flexibility have focused mostly on mammals and birds because theory predicts that behavioural flexibility is favoured in species or clades that exploit a diversity of habitats or food sources and/or have complex social structure, attributes not associated with ectothermic vertebrates. Here, we present the results of a series of experiments designed to test cognitive abilities across multiple cognitive modules in a tropical arboreal lizard

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8

Han, Yu, Xuezheng Li, Zhida Feng, Ruoyu Jin, Joseph Kangwa, and Obas John Ebohon. "Grounded Theory and Social Psychology Approach to Investigating the Formation of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviour." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3581563.

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There have been limited studies analyzing the causes of construction workers’ unsafe behaviour from the social psychology perspective. Based on a Grounded Theory approach, this study first identified and defined seven coded categories related to workers’ dangerous behaviour on construction sites. The original qualitative data were obtained from individual site interviews conducted with 35 construction professionals. These main categories were found connected to workers’ status of safety awareness and sense of danger, which affected the type of unsafe behaviours, i.e., proactive, passive, or re

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Anshel, Mark H. "Cognitive‐behavioural Strategies:." Journal of Managerial Psychology 7, no. 6 (June 1992): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949210018322.

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10

Morris, Edward K. "The Molloy-Birnbrauer Exchange: How Many Factors do a Psychology Make?" Behaviour Change 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009049.

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Abstract (sommario):

Molloy and Birnbrauer have recently exchanged views in this journal over how how many factors are necessary to provide an adequate account of human behaviour and behaviour change. Their differences apparently reflect alternative conceptualizations of the roles played by physiology and cognition in the analysis of behaviour. The present paper provides some background to these issues, showing that the current cognitive behavioural approach to physiology and cognition is but a reworking of some aspects of traditional mentalism. Following this, several alternatives to this traditional conceptualiz

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Adewoyin, Oluwande, Janet Wesson, and Dieter Vogts. "The PBC Model: Supporting Positive Behaviours in Smart Environments." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 9626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249626.

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Abstract (sommario):

Several behavioural problems exist in office environments, including resource use, sedentary behaviour, cognitive/multitasking, and social media. These behavioural problems have been solved through subjective or objective techniques. Within objective techniques, behavioural modelling in smart environments (SEs) can allow the adequate provision of services to users of SEs with inputs from user modelling. The effectiveness of current behavioural models relative to user-specific preferences is unclear. This study introduces a new approach to behavioural modelling in smart environments by illustra

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Zmigrod, Leor, and Manos Tsakiris. "Computational and neurocognitive approaches to the political brain: key insights and future avenues for political neuroscience." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1822 (February 22, 2021): 20200130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0130.

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Although the study of political behaviour has been traditionally restricted to the social sciences, new advances in political neuroscience and computational cognitive science highlight that the biological sciences can offer crucial insights into the roots of ideological thought and action. Echoing the dazzling diversity of human ideologies, this theme issue seeks to reflect the multiplicity of theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the nature of the political brain. Cutting-edge research along three thematic strands is presented, including (i) computational approaches that

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Leslie, Julian C. "Meanings of “function” in neuroscience, cognition, and behaviour analysis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 4 (August 2000): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00373368.

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Abstract (sommario):

Different sciences approach the brain-behaviour system at various levels, but often apparently share terminology. “Function” is used both ontogenetically and phylogenetically. Within the ontogeny it has various meanings; the one adopted by Arbib et al. is that of mainstream cognitive psychology. This usage is relatively imprecise, and the psychologists who are sceptical about the ability of cognitive psychology to predict behavioural outcomes may have the same reservations about Arbib et al.'s cognitive neuroscience.

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Rachman, S. J. "The Medium-Term Future." Behavioural Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300011460.

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Two branches of behaviour therapy will, I believe, dominate the course of events in the coming decade. The cognitive interpretation of behavioural problems (and cognitive solutions) can be expected to expand and deepen. The infusion of cognitive analyses will broaden out from the established bases, the successes achieved in tackling depression and panic disorder, to encompass a wide range of psychological problems. (The need for a coherent and efficient cognitive behavioural psychology will be particularly acute when the current infatuation with biological psychiatry wanes.) This expected expa

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Hesselberg, Thomas. "Exploration behaviour and behavioural flexibility in orb-web spiders: A review." Current Zoology 61, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.2.313.

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Abstract Orb-web spiders and their webs constitute an ideal model system in which to study behavioural flexibility and spatial cognition in invertebrates due to the easily quantifiable nature of the orb web. A large number of studies demonstrate how spiders are able to modify the geometry of their webs in response to a range of different conditions including the ability to adapt their webs to spatial constraints. However, the mechanisms behind this impressive web-building flexibility in these cognitively limited animals remain poorly explored. One possible mechanism though may be spatial learn

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Salvanes, Anne Gro Vea, Olav Moberg, Lars O. E. Ebbesson, Tom Ole Nilsen, Knut Helge Jensen, and Victoria A. Braithwaite. "Environmental enrichment promotes neural plasticity and cognitive ability in fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1767 (September 22, 2013): 20131331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1331.

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Different kinds of experience during early life can play a significant role in the development of an animal's behavioural phenotype. In natural contexts, this influences behaviours from anti-predator responses to navigation abilities. By contrast, for animals reared in captive environments, the homogeneous nature of their experience tends to reduce behavioural flexibility. Studies with cage-reared rodents indicate that captivity often compromises neural development and neural plasticity. Such neural and behavioural deficits can be problematic if captive-bred animals are being reared with the i

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Laursen, Julie, and Ben Laws. "Honour and respect in Danish prisons: Contesting ‘cognitive distortions’ in cognitive-behavioural programmes." Punishment & Society 19, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516649175.

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Using empirical data from prison-based cognitive-behavioural programmes, this article considers how prisoners’ subcultural capital shapes their responses to demands for ‘cognitive self-change’. We argue that accounts of ‘respect’ in the prior literature fail to capture how prisoners react to these programmes, and that a discussion of honour (and what we term ‘respect plus’) needs to be incorporated. The empirical material derives from four different cognitive-behavioural programme setups in three Danish prisons and semi-structured interviews with participants and course instructors. By attempt

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Madoc-Jones, Iolo, and Paul Devenny. "A ‘working model’ for cognitive behavioural practice." Practice 18, no. 1 (March 2006): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503150600576983.

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Tommasi, Luca. "Mechanisms and functions of brain and behavioural asymmetries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1519 (December 4, 2008): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0293.

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Abstract (sommario):

For almost a century the field of brain and behavioural asymmetries has been dominated by studies on humans, resting on the evidence that the anatomical structures underlying language functions are asymmetrical, and that human handedness is lateralized at the population level. Today, there is not only evidence of population-level lateralization of brain and behaviour across a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species, but also a growing consensus that the comparative analysis of the environmental and developmental factors that give origin to neural and behavioural laterality in animal mod

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Resch, Mária, and Tamás Bella. "Political psychology." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 16 (April 2013): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29582.

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Abstract (sommario):

In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fiel

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Kaufhold, Stephan P., and Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen. "Why intergroup variation matters for understanding behaviour." Biology Letters 15, no. 11 (November 2019): 20190695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0695.

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Intergroup variation (IGV) refers to variation between different groups of the same species. While its existence in the behavioural realm has been expected and evidenced, the potential effects of IGV are rarely considered in studies that aim to shed light on the evolutionary origins of human socio-cognition, especially in our closest living relatives—the great apes. Here, by taking chimpanzees as a point of reference, we argue that (i) IGV could plausibly explain inconsistent research findings across numerous topics of inquiry (experimental/behavioural studies on chimpanzees), (ii) understandi

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Bandini, Elisa, Alba Motes-Rodrigo, Matthew P. Steele, Christian Rutz, and Claudio Tennie. "Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour." Biology Letters 16, no. 6 (June 2020): 20200122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0122.

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Despite major advances in the study of animal tool behaviour, researchers continue to debate how exactly certain behaviours are acquired. While specific mechanisms, such as genetic predispositions or action copying, are sometimes suspected to play a major role in behavioural acquisition, controlled experiments are required to provide conclusive evidence. In this opinion piece, we refer to classic ethological methodologies to emphasize the need for studying the relative contributions of different factors to the emergence of specific tool behaviours. We describe a methodology, consisting of a ca

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Mansell, Warren. "Understanding control and utilizing Control Theory in the science and practice of CBT." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 2, no. 3 (September 2009): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x09990146.

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AbstractThis editorial introduces the special issue of The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist on Control Theory and CBT. The various routes through which Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) can inform CBT are explained and a range of theory, research and practice articles are introduced. Each focuses on encouraging and validating a Control Theory perspective to the clinical practice of cognitive behavioural therapies.

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Esposito, Anna, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Simon Haykin, Amir Hussain, and Marcos Faundez-Zanuy. "Cognitive Computation Special Issue on Cognitive Behavioural Systems." Cognitive Computation 3, no. 3 (August 20, 2011): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-011-9107-2.

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Baddeley, Michelle. "Herding, social influence and economic decision-making: socio-psychological and neuroscientific analyses." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1538 (January 27, 2010): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0169.

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Typically, modern economics has steered away from the analysis of sociological and psychological factors and has focused on narrow behavioural assumptions in which expectations are formed on the basis of mathematical algorithms. Blending together ideas from the social and behavioural sciences, this paper argues that the behavioural approach adopted in most economic analysis, in its neglect of sociological and psychological forces and its simplistically dichotomous categorization of behaviour as either rational or not rational, is too narrow and stark. Behaviour may reflect an interaction of co

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Buchanan, Julian. "Enabling dependent drug users: A cognitive behavioural assessment." Practice 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503159108414271.

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Perry, Susan. "Behavioural variation and learning across the lifespan in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1803 (June 2020): 20190494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0494.

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Natural selection has evidently mediated many species characteristics relevant to the evolution of learning, including longevity, length of the juvenile period, social organization, timing of cognitive and motor development, and age-related shifts in behavioural propensities such as activity level, flexibility in problem-solving and motivation to seek new information. Longitudinal studies of wild populations can document such changes in behavioural propensities, providing critical information about the contexts in which learning strategies develop, in environments similar to those in which lea

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Sterelny, Kim. "From hominins to humans: how sapiens became behaviourally modern." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1566 (March 27, 2011): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0301.

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This paper contributes to a debate in the palaeoarchaeological community about the major time-lag between the origin of anatomically modern humans and the appearance of typically human cultural behaviour. Why did humans take so long—at least 100 000 years—to become ‘behaviourally modern’? The transition is often explained as a change in the intrinsic cognitive competence of modern humans: often in terms of a new capacity for symbolic thought, or the final perfection of language. These cognitive breakthrough models are not satisfactory, for they fail to explain the uneven palaeoanthropological

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Cauchoix, M., P. K. Y. Chow, J. O. van Horik, C. M. Atance, E. J. Barbeau, G. Barragan-Jason, P. Bize, et al. "The repeatability of cognitive performance: a meta-analysis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1756 (August 13, 2018): 20170281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0281.

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Behavioural and cognitive processes play important roles in mediating an individual's interactions with its environment. Yet, while there is a vast literature on repeatable individual differences in behaviour, relatively little is known about the repeatability of cognitive performance. To further our understanding of the evolution of cognition, we gathered 44 studies on individual performance of 25 species across six animal classes and used meta-analysis to assess whether cognitive performance is repeatable. We compared repeatability ( R ) in performance (1) on the same task presented at diffe

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Kokocińska, Agata, and Tadeusz Kaleta. "The role of ethology in animal welfare." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6981.

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Knowledge of the behaviour of a species makes it possible to ensure the well-being of animals raised in farm conditions, because when we know the behavioural standard we can guarantee that at least the animals’ minimum needs will be met. Observation of animal behaviour is the first element in assessing their physical and psychological comfort. The main objective is to maximize production while at the same time maintaining animal welfare. However, this is often difficult and economic considerations come into conflict with the comfort and needs of the animals. The elements of knowledge of behavi

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Khadzhyradieva, Svitlana, Tetiana Hrechko, and Vainius Smalskys. "Institutionalisation of Behavioural Insights in Public Policy." Public Policy And Administration 18, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.3.24726.

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Over the last decade, the development of cognitive and behavioural sciences has determined the diffusion of the concept and methodology of behavioural insights into social sciences, including the governance sphere. Behavioural teams worldwide participate in developing and implementing the strategies at various levels of governance organisation. The aim of this study is to investigate the institutionalisation process of behavioural insights into public policy. The study has identified the agentive determinants of the institutionalisation efficiency that include: the competence level of public s

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Sear, Rebecca, David W. Lawson, and Thomas E. Dickins. "Synthesis in the human evolutionary behavioural sciences." Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 5, no. 1 (March 2007): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/jep.2007.1019.

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Wykowska, Agnieszka, Thierry Chaminade, and Gordon Cheng. "Embodied artificial agents for understanding human social cognition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1693 (May 5, 2016): 20150375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0375.

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In this paper, we propose that experimental protocols involving artificial agents, in particular the embodied humanoid robots, provide insightful information regarding social cognitive mechanisms in the human brain. Using artificial agents allows for manipulation and control of various parameters of behaviour, appearance and expressiveness in one of the interaction partners (the artificial agent), and for examining effect of these parameters on the other interaction partner (the human). At the same time, using artificial agents means introducing the presence of artificial, yet human-like, syst

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Hertz, Uri. "Learning how to behave: cognitive learning processes account for asymmetries in adaptation to social norms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1952 (June 2, 2021): 20210293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0293.

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Changes to social settings caused by migration, cultural change or pandemics force us to adapt to new social norms. Social norms provide groups of individuals with behavioural prescriptions and therefore can be inferred by observing their behaviour. This work aims to examine how cognitive learning processes affect adaptation and learning of new social norms. Using a multiplayer game, I found that participants initially complied with various social norms exhibited by the behaviour of bot-players. After gaining experience with one norm, adaptation to a new norm was observed in all cases but one,

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Ferreira, Vitor Hugo Bessa, Lorène Reiter, Karine Germain, Ludovic Calandreau, and Vanessa Guesdon. "Uninhibited chickens: ranging behaviour impacts motor self-regulation in free-range broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus )." Biology Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0721.

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Inhibiting impulsive, less flexible behaviours is of utmost importance for individual adaptation in an ever-changing environment. However, problem-solving tasks may be greatly impacted by individual differences in behaviour, since animals with distinct behavioural types perceive and interact with their environment differently, resulting in variable responses to the same stimuli. Here, we tested whether and how differences in ranging behaviour of free-range chickens affect motor self-regulation performance during a cylinder task. For this task, subjects must refrain from trying to reach a food

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Wang, Yin. "Research on Psychological Deviation of Young Investors Based on Questionnaire." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4322.

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With the continuous development of China's securities market, many market effects have been widespread for a long time. However, the rapid development of behaviour finance precisely integrates people's psychological factors and behaviour science into finance and conducts in-depth research on the behavioural and psychological deviation affecting economic decisions. Due to the late start of the research on the securities market in China, the relevant theoretical basis is not perfect. If investors lack an empirical basis, they will often be affected by various cognitive and psychological biases,

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Wiggers, John H., and Rob Sanson-Fisher. "General Practitioners as Agents of Health Risk Behaviour Change: Opportunities for Behavioural Science in Patient Smoking Cessation." Behaviour Change 11, no. 3 (September 1994): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005064.

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General practitioners have been suggested as occupying a position in the community that offers considerable potential for reducing the prevalence of health risk behaviours. Green, Eriksen, and Schor (1988) have proposed that if general practitioners are to effectively adopt a role in modifying patient health risk behaviours, a number of prerequisite conditions must be met. Using the model proposed by Green et al., this paper reviews the literature to describe the circumstances under which general practitioners currently practise this role. The review focuses on the circumstances relating to pr

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Chittka, Lars, Stephen J. Rossiter, Peter Skorupski, and Chrisantha Fernando. "What is comparable in comparative cognition?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1603 (October 5, 2012): 2677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0215.

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Abstract (sommario):

To understand how complex, or ‘advanced’ various forms of cognition are, and to compare them between species for evolutionary studies, we need to understand the diversity of neural–computational mechanisms that may be involved, and to identify the genetic changes that are necessary to mediate changes in cognitive functions. The same overt cognitive capacity might be mediated by entirely different neural circuitries in different species, with a many-to-one mapping between behavioural routines, computations and their neural implementations. Comparative behavioural research needs to be complement

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Shabrina, Zafira Rahmania Nur, Insan Rekso Adiwibowo, and Nurul Aisya Beryllia. "Maladaptive Cognitive Bias in the New Normal Period: An Analyses from a Behavioural Science Perspective in the Time of Covid-19." Buletin Psikologi 28, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.60763.

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Abstract (sommario):

The limited number of effective medical interventions to combat Covid-19 to date has resulted in government institutions focusing on preventive behaviours believed to minimize virus transmission. The Indonesian government has launched a ‘new normal’ campaign whereby outdoor activities are restricted by various health protocols established by health authorities, such as wearing a mask, habitual hand washing and social distancing. However, these protocols have not been implemented with a thorough understanding of human behaviour. The result is numerous violations of the protocol, which subsequen

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HANSEN, KIRSTINE, and DENISE HAWKES. "Early Childcare and Child Development." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 2 (April 2009): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940800281x.

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AbstractNowadays many more young children experience non-maternal childcare than in the past. From a theoretical perspective, the effect this may have on their cognitive and behavioural development is unclear. This paper uses data from the UK for a sample of children in the Millennium Cohort Study, whose mothers were working when they were nine months old, to test how different forms of childcare at an early age play a role in the production of cognitive skills and the behavioural development of young children (measured at age three). The results show that formal group care is positively assoc

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Chessell, Chloe, Brynjar Halldorsson, Kate Harvey, Carolina Guzman-Holst, and Cathy Creswell. "Cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms in childhood obsessive compulsive disorders: A systematic review." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 204380872110365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087211036581.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is typically derived from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD; however, it is unknown whether these adult models apply to preadolescent children. This systematic review examined whether 11 cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms identified from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD and descriptions of how family factors may maintain OCD applied to preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive symptoms/disorder (OCS/OCD; Prospero:CRD42019153371). PsycINFO, MEDL

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Guenther, Anja, and Vera Brust. "Individual consistency in multiple cognitive performance: behavioural versus cognitive syndromes." Animal Behaviour 130 (August 2017): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.06.011.

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Mendl, M., and ES Paul. "Consciousness, emotion and animal welfare: insights from cognitive science." Animal Welfare 13, S1 (February 2004): S17—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600014330.

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AbstractThe assumption that animals are conscious and capable of experiencing negative sensations and emotions is at the core of most people's concerns about animal welfare. Investigation of this central assumption should be one goal of animal welfare science. We argue that theory and techniques from cognitive science offer promising ways forward. Evidence for the existence of conscious and non-conscious cognitive processing in humans has inspired scientists to search for comparable processes in animals. In studies of metacognition and blindsight, some species show behaviour that has functiona

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Boogert, Neeltje J., Joah R. Madden, Julie Morand-Ferron, and Alex Thornton. "Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1756 (August 13, 2018): 20170280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0280.

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Individuals vary in their cognitive performance. While this variation forms the foundation of the study of human psychometrics, its broader importance is only recently being recognized. Explicitly acknowledging this individual variation found in both humans and non-human animals provides a novel opportunity to understand the mechanisms, development and evolution of cognition. The papers in this special issue highlight the growing emphasis on individual cognitive differences from fields as diverse as neurobiology, experimental psychology and evolutionary biology. Here, we synthesize this body o

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Sambrook, Thomas, and Andrew Whiten. "On the Nature of Complexity in Cognitive and Behavioural Science." Theory & Psychology 7, no. 2 (April 1997): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354397072004.

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Diamandis, Eleftherios P., and Nick Bouras. "Hubris and Sciences." F1000Research 7 (February 1, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13848.1.

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There has been an increasing awareness of the importance of leadership and decision making, including scientists and academics, over recent times. By whom and how decisions are made can have serious implications across all levels of society. Several people have been successful in their life and have been inflicted by excessive pride and self-confidence. There are times when the manifestations of such behaviours demonstrate noticeable signs of narcissism and on extreme cases, hubris. Hubris is an old concept originated from the Greek mythology. The risk of hubris affects politicians, leaders in

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Spurrett, David. "Philosophers should be interested in ‘common currency’ claims in the cognitive and behavioural sciences." South African Journal of Philosophy 33, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2014.923694.

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Moreta, Marta Pérez-Gómez, Natalia Burgos-Alonso, María Torrecilla, José Marco-Contelles, and Cristina Bruzos-Cidón. "Efficacy of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease. Review of Reviews." Biomedicines 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111689.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia over the age of 65. It is estimated that 115.4 million people will be affected by AD by 2050. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) are the only available and approved treatment for AD. The aim of the present study was to analyse the evidence on the efficacy of the AChEI in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. For that purpose, a review of review of the systematic reviews (SRs) on this topic was carried out by Web of Science, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library, among others, were searched until 24 September 202

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Caldo-Silva, Adriana, Ana Vieira-Pedrosa, Joel Simões, Renato Sobral Monteiro-Júnior, Nuno Pimenta, António Rodrigues Sampaio, Pedro Teques, José Pedro Amoroso, and Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado. "A Systematic Study into the Effects of Long-Term Multicomponent Training on the Cognitive Abilities of Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disorders." Psych 4, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 760–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych4040056.

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Cognition includes all processes through which a person becomes aware of their situation, needs, goals, and necessary actions. Regular specialized cognitive and neuromotor simulation exercises have improved various cognitive processes, including memory, speed of reasoning, and problem-solving skills. This review focuses on understanding the efficacy of long-term multicomponent exercise interventions to mitigate and delay the effects on cognitive abilities in older adults with neurodegenerative disorders. The main criteria for final studies were randomised controlled trials with a minimum of a

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Oyebode, Jan R., and Sahdia Parveen. "Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: An overview and commentary on recent developments." Dementia 18, no. 1 (July 4, 2016): 8–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216656096.

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An influential review in 2010 concluded that non-pharmacological multi-component interventions have positive effects on cognitive functioning, activities of daily living, behaviour and mood of people with dementia. Our aim here is to provide an up-to-date overview of research into psychosocial interventions and their impact on psychosocial outcomes. We focused on randomised controlled trials, controlled studies and reviews published between October 2008 and August 2015, since the earlier review. The search of PsychInfo, Medline and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews yielded 61 relevan

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