Bibliografie tematiche / Billet à ordre

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Billet à ordre"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 8 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Billet à ordre"

Viñas Farre, Ramón. "L’introduction du droit uniforme de geneve sur la leitre de change, le billet a ordre et le cheque dans le droit espagnol." Uniform Law Review os-15, no. 1 (1987): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/os-15.1.54.

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Cançado, K. N., L. Machado, and L. N. Soares. "ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN STEEL BILLETS DURING TRANSPORT." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, no. 1 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i1.62261.

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Abstract (sommario):

During the seamless steel tubes manufacturing process, the temperature decrease between the exit of the furnace and the rolling mill entrance is determinant factor in the rolling process and the quality of the tube. This study aims to model the cooling of the billets during transport in order to evaluate the minimum temperature required for the billet leaves the furnace and also the maximum transport time without compromising the rolling process, allowing a better setup of equipment and reducing the production costs. The cooling profile was determined numerically through energy balances performed on the billet and the results obtained were compared with real values of temperature measurements by thermocouples installed on the billet. Measurements with thermocouples were conducted in billets of 270, 230 and 180 mm diameter. The error relative to the real values for all cases was below than 2.5% and the model is considered validated to use.

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Ost, François. "Le Marchand de Venise : le pari et la dette, le jeu et la loi." McGill Law Journal 62, no. 4 (2018): 1103–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043162ar.

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Le Marchand de Venise est tenu, à raison, pour une des pièces les plus juridiques de W. Shakespeare, avec Mesure pour mesure. Au coeur du débat, la fameuse clause pénale que l’armateur vénitien Antonio se laisse imposer par le prêteur juif de la place, Shylock : une livre de chair prélevée sur son propre corps, en cas de défaut de paiement. On en retient généralement la tirade de Portia plaidant en faveur de la miséricorde (mercy) du prêteur. Et on lit la pièce comme l’illustration du procès éternel entre la lettre et l’esprit, le formalisme juridique et l’équité. La présente contribution entend discuter cette interprétation traditionnelle en replaçant l’intrigue dans son contexte socio-historique : le casino vénitien, ses jeux de séduction et de pouvoir, et le nécessaire financement des aventures d’Antonio par le ghetto. Mais au-delà de l’analyse juridique et du décryptage sociologique, c’est d’une lecture anthropologique que relève l’écriture de Shakespeare. On comprend alors la pièce comme un affrontement de passions juridiques radicalisées. Pour Shylock, le billet à ordre, assorti de la fameuse clause, est l’occasion d’assouvir enfin une vengeance nourrie d’un ressentiment séculaire. Pour Antonio, joueur invétéré, toute l’affaire est l’occasion de jouer son ultime « va-tout » et de jouir à l’avance d’une partie de « qui perd gagne » — car un armateur vénitien ne peut pas perdre, n’est-ce pas, face à un prêteur juif.

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Chen, Lin, Guo Chang, Shu Qin Liu, and Ke Xin Bi. "The Stress Laws of H-Beam Rolling Deformation during Rectangular Billet Cogging-Down." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.632.

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In order to ensure H-beam’s organization and performance requirements, there is a certain compression ratio from the rolling of the billet to the finished product. This paper select rectangular billets and use DEFORM finite element software to simulate and analyze the rules of stress variation when rectangular billet is cogged down. The simulation results show that: from rectangular billet to finished product, the compression ratio is 17.4 and after cogging, billet size meet the requirements of the CCS rolling. The equivalent stress of breakdown rolling is mainly concentrated in the waist or in the junction of waist and legs. In the first few pass，equivalent stress is mainly concentrated in Sharp-angled position of both top and bottom, however the next few pass’s equivalent stress is mainly concentrated in the junction of web Plate and flange.

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Kalitaev, A. N., V. D. Tutarova, and A. N. Shapovalov. "Effect of Continuous Casting Parameters on Quality of Billets Manufactured by UMMC Steel LLC." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.952.

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The analysis of the production records on casting 150õ150mm billets at UMMC Steel LLC has made it possible to define the basic factors worsening the billet quality and increasing the rejection of the rolled materials: steel casting in case the sulfur and phosphorus content exceeds 0.015 % and overheat is more than 30°Ñ. In order to minimize the formation of local nonuniformity in the billets manufactured from low carbon and medium carbon steel, open cast by CCM, it is necessary to maintain a maximum [Mn]:[S] ratio with [Mn]:[Si] ratio at the level less than 2-3, which ensures the formation of fusible deoxidation products and prevents the formation of solid conglomerates in steel. In order to reduce the formation of axial porosity it is advisable to retain the carbon content at the lower limit for the steel grade and avoid overheating of steel above the specified values. In order to minimize the consequences of the overheated steel casting it is necessary to adjust the billet casting rate in accordance with the operating procedures.

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Lee, Dock Young, Ki Bae Kim, Ho In Lee, and Do Hyang Kim. "Microstructural Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring Strength and Casting Speed in Continuous Casting of Al Alloy." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.321.

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Semi-solid forming usually requires feed stock material in form of cylindrical billets with a uniform, globular and fine grain microstructure. These billets are commonly being produced by continuous casting involving agitation of the solidifying melt. The paper will present the development of a horizontal continuous casting machine using circumferential electromagnetic stirring to generate melt flow and shear rate in the continuous casting mould. The machine has been used to study the influence of various process parameters such as electromagnetic stirring strength and casting speed in the production of Al billet with a diameter of 76mm. In order to establish the quantitative relationship between microstructure and the process parameters, the morphology and primary crystal size of billet were observed according to the casting speed and electromagnetic stirring strength. A depth and distance of surface defect on the billet was decreased with increasing a casting speed and a very good smooth surface without any surface defect appeared on the billet produced at a casting speed of 600mm/min. A thickness of the solidifying shell was decreased with increasing the casting speed and the maximum casting speed without a break-out was 600mm/min in horizontal continuous caster designed in this study. Both the size and the aspect ratio of primary crystal were decreased with increasing the casting speed and electromagnetic stirring strength in the range of this study.

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Krayushkin, N. A., I. A. Pribytkov, and K. S. Shatokhin. "FORMATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS AND THERMAL STRESSES ARISING DURING SOLIDIFICATION OF CYLINDRICAL CONTINUOUSLY CAST STEEL BILLETS." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 1 (2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-1-57-61.

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The article presents investigation results of the effect of inhomogeneity of boundary conditions on the intensity of metal cooling in the process of continuous casting of cylindrical billets from corrosionresistant steels. It is assumed that the boundary conditions are nonuniform along the billet perimeter. In the longitudinal direction, the cooling intensity is assumed to be constant within the cooled sector of the billet. During the research it was believed that there are flows of thermal energy between the cooling sectors. A comparative analysis of temperature gradients and resulting thermal stresses in the solidified billet at different cooling intensities realized in the secondary cooling zone was carried out The values of thermal stresses are compared with the maximum permissible for each grade of steel in order to find those cooling conditions in which the thermal stresses do not exceed the permissible values. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the effect of cooling intensity on the occurrence of external and internal defects in the resulting cylindrical continuous cast billets. The authors have also made the conclusions about the effect of inhomogeneity of the boundary conditions on the formation of temperature fields in a solidified cylindrical continuously cast billet. The results of the conducted studies are presented in a graphic form and their detailed analysis is carried out. To calculate the temperature fields in the solidifying billet, a specially developed mathematical model was used, based on the equation of nonstationary heat conductivity. For the calculation of thermal stresses, known mathematical formulas have been used that allow calculating the values of thermal stresses arising between cooling zones in the solidifying billet during the continuous casting of steel. The obtained data are of high practical importance, since they can be used to develop rational cooling regimes, in which excess permissible thermal stresses will not be observed. This, as a consequence, will reduce the number of internal and external defects arising in the solidifying continuously cast billet.

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Kim, Jong Ho, Myoung Gyun Kim, Joon Pyo Park, Gyu Chang Lee, and Ju Bum Kim. "Electromagnetic Continuous Casting Process for Near Net Shape Aluminum Alloy Billet." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1400–1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1400.

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A new method and apparatus for the fabrication of high-quality, near net shaped aluminum alloy billets is developed by the combination of continuous casting and electromagnetic casting/stirring technique. Traditional machine for continuous casting process involves round, square and rectangular billets; therefore it requires additional multistep forging process to fabricate final products of complicated shape. A new process for the fabrication of near net shaped aluminum billets offers some advantages: the process of extrusion and forging is simplified and the cost of plastic working can be greatly reduced. In order to reduce the peculiar problems such as surface crack and internal defect due to inhomogeneous heat transfer of solidified billets, electromagnetic casting and stirring technique were adopted. The effect of electromagnetic field was compared by observing the microstructure of billets. Grain refinement of aluminum billet was clearly observed by applying electromagnetic field to continuous casting process.

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Kido, Futoshi, and Tetsuichi Motegi. "Production of Magnesium Alloy Billets by Semisolid Continuous Casting." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.1403.

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In order to produce AZ91 and AZ31 magnesium alloy billets semisolid continuous casting by using an inclined cooling plate was carried out. The molten magnesium alloy in an electric furnace was flowed on the inclined cooling plate and then poured in a tundish. The slurry prepared using this process was solidified by drawing a dummy bar from a water-cooled copper mold, consequently producing a billet. As a result, we could produce the magnesium alloy billets by semisolid continuous casting. Magnesium alloy billets with refined and globular primary α crystals were successfully and continuously cast by optimizing the solidification conditions. In this case, the grain size of AZ91 billets was about 55μm and that of AZ31 billets was 50μm. The AZ91 billets produced by semisolid continuous casting were employed in thixocasting experiments. The experiments revealed that thixocasting could produce the mobile phone casings with spherical primary α crystals at 858K. Moreover, we proved that the difference of shot cycle did not influence the microstructures for up to 251 shots.

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Ahmad, Asnul Hadi, S. Naher, and Dermot Brabazon. "Injection Tests and Effect on Microstructure and Properties of Aluminium 7075 Direct Thermal Method Feedstock Billets." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1637.

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Abstract (sommario):

The success of semi-solid metal forming is dependent on a globular solid grain formation within a liquid phase. This paper presents experimental works concerning semi-solid metal processing of aluminium 7075 feedstock billets which were produced by direct thermal method. The flowability of feedstock billets was evaluated by an injection test processing unit. The feedstock billets were heated to a temperature of 620 °C by using a box furnace before transferred into a forming die. The formed feedstock billet was removed from the forming die after it was cooled to ambient temperature. Several analyses were conducted on the formed feedstock billets including dimensional measurement and microstructure analysis. The results show that the feedstock billets which contained highest amount of free secondary phase were most successfully formed. Microstructure analysis results also revealed the formation of more globular and larger α–Al solid grains in the same feedstock billets. In this experimental work, the feedstock billets with higher secondary (liquid) phase gives a significant effect to formability. It can be concluded that in order to get successful formability of direct thermal method feedstock billets, the billets need to have higher secondary phase content. Thus, the selection of proper feedstock billets is important to determine the success of the SSM processing.

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