Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Billet à ordre"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Billet à ordre"
1
Viñas Farre, Ramón. "L’introduction du droit uniforme de geneve sur la leitre de change, le billet a ordre et le cheque dans le droit espagnol". Uniform Law Review os-15, n. 1 (gennaio 1987): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/os-15.1.54.
Testo completo
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Cançado, K. N., L. Machado e L. N. Soares. "ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN STEEL BILLETS DURING TRANSPORT". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, n. 1 (30 giugno 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i1.62261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the seamless steel tubes manufacturing process, the temperature decrease between the exit of the furnace and the rolling mill entrance is determinant factor in the rolling process and the quality of the tube. This study aims to model the cooling of the billets during transport in order to evaluate the minimum temperature required for the billet leaves the furnace and also the maximum transport time without compromising the rolling process, allowing a better setup of equipment and reducing the production costs. The cooling profile was determined numerically through energy balances performed on the billet and the results obtained were compared with real values of temperature measurements by thermocouples installed on the billet. Measurements with thermocouples were conducted in billets of 270, 230 and 180 mm diameter. The error relative to the real values for all cases was below than 2.5% and the model is considered validated to use.
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Ost, François. "Le Marchand de Venise : le pari et la dette, le jeu et la loi". McGill Law Journal 62, n. 4 (2 febbraio 2018): 1103–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043162ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le Marchand de Venise est tenu, à raison, pour une des pièces les plus juridiques de W. Shakespeare, avec Mesure pour mesure. Au coeur du débat, la fameuse clause pénale que l’armateur vénitien Antonio se laisse imposer par le prêteur juif de la place, Shylock : une livre de chair prélevée sur son propre corps, en cas de défaut de paiement. On en retient généralement la tirade de Portia plaidant en faveur de la miséricorde (mercy) du prêteur. Et on lit la pièce comme l’illustration du procès éternel entre la lettre et l’esprit, le formalisme juridique et l’équité. La présente contribution entend discuter cette interprétation traditionnelle en replaçant l’intrigue dans son contexte socio-historique : le casino vénitien, ses jeux de séduction et de pouvoir, et le nécessaire financement des aventures d’Antonio par le ghetto. Mais au-delà de l’analyse juridique et du décryptage sociologique, c’est d’une lecture anthropologique que relève l’écriture de Shakespeare. On comprend alors la pièce comme un affrontement de passions juridiques radicalisées. Pour Shylock, le billet à ordre, assorti de la fameuse clause, est l’occasion d’assouvir enfin une vengeance nourrie d’un ressentiment séculaire. Pour Antonio, joueur invétéré, toute l’affaire est l’occasion de jouer son ultime « va-tout » et de jouir à l’avance d’une partie de « qui perd gagne » — car un armateur vénitien ne peut pas perdre, n’est-ce pas, face à un prêteur juif.
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Chen, Lin, Guo Chang, Shu Qin Liu e Ke Xin Bi. "The Stress Laws of H-Beam Rolling Deformation during Rectangular Billet Cogging-Down". Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (gennaio 2013): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.632.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to ensure H-beam’s organization and performance requirements, there is a certain compression ratio from the rolling of the billet to the finished product. This paper select rectangular billets and use DEFORM finite element software to simulate and analyze the rules of stress variation when rectangular billet is cogged down. The simulation results show that: from rectangular billet to finished product, the compression ratio is 17.4 and after cogging, billet size meet the requirements of the CCS rolling. The equivalent stress of breakdown rolling is mainly concentrated in the waist or in the junction of waist and legs. In the first few pass，equivalent stress is mainly concentrated in Sharp-angled position of both top and bottom, however the next few pass’s equivalent stress is mainly concentrated in the junction of web Plate and flange.
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Kalitaev, A. N., V. D. Tutarova e A. N. Shapovalov. "Effect of Continuous Casting Parameters on Quality of Billets Manufactured by UMMC Steel LLC". Solid State Phenomena 265 (settembre 2017): 952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.952.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The analysis of the production records on casting 150õ150mm billets at UMMC Steel LLC has made it possible to define the basic factors worsening the billet quality and increasing the rejection of the rolled materials: steel casting in case the sulfur and phosphorus content exceeds 0.015 % and overheat is more than 30°Ñ. In order to minimize the formation of local nonuniformity in the billets manufactured from low carbon and medium carbon steel, open cast by CCM, it is necessary to maintain a maximum [Mn]:[S] ratio with [Mn]:[Si] ratio at the level less than 2-3, which ensures the formation of fusible deoxidation products and prevents the formation of solid conglomerates in steel. In order to reduce the formation of axial porosity it is advisable to retain the carbon content at the lower limit for the steel grade and avoid overheating of steel above the specified values. In order to minimize the consequences of the overheated steel casting it is necessary to adjust the billet casting rate in accordance with the operating procedures.
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Lee, Dock Young, Ki Bae Kim, Ho In Lee e Do Hyang Kim. "Microstructural Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring Strength and Casting Speed in Continuous Casting of Al Alloy". Materials Science Forum 449-452 (marzo 2004): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.321.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Semi-solid forming usually requires feed stock material in form of cylindrical billets with a uniform, globular and fine grain microstructure. These billets are commonly being produced by continuous casting involving agitation of the solidifying melt. The paper will present the development of a horizontal continuous casting machine using circumferential electromagnetic stirring to generate melt flow and shear rate in the continuous casting mould. The machine has been used to study the influence of various process parameters such as electromagnetic stirring strength and casting speed in the production of Al billet with a diameter of 76mm. In order to establish the quantitative relationship between microstructure and the process parameters, the morphology and primary crystal size of billet were observed according to the casting speed and electromagnetic stirring strength. A depth and distance of surface defect on the billet was decreased with increasing a casting speed and a very good smooth surface without any surface defect appeared on the billet produced at a casting speed of 600mm/min. A thickness of the solidifying shell was decreased with increasing the casting speed and the maximum casting speed without a break-out was 600mm/min in horizontal continuous caster designed in this study. Both the size and the aspect ratio of primary crystal were decreased with increasing the casting speed and electromagnetic stirring strength in the range of this study.
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Krayushkin, N. A., I. A. Pribytkov e K. S. Shatokhin. "FORMATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS AND THERMAL STRESSES ARISING DURING SOLIDIFICATION OF CYLINDRICAL CONTINUOUSLY CAST STEEL BILLETS". Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, n. 1 (22 febbraio 2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-1-57-61.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents investigation results of the effect of inhomogeneity of boundary conditions on the intensity of metal cooling in the process of continuous casting of cylindrical billets from corrosionresistant steels. It is assumed that the boundary conditions are nonuniform along the billet perimeter. In the longitudinal direction, the cooling intensity is assumed to be constant within the cooled sector of the billet. During the research it was believed that there are flows of thermal energy between the cooling sectors. A comparative analysis of temperature gradients and resulting thermal stresses in the solidified billet at different cooling intensities realized in the secondary cooling zone was carried out The values of thermal stresses are compared with the maximum permissible for each grade of steel in order to find those cooling conditions in which the thermal stresses do not exceed the permissible values. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the effect of cooling intensity on the occurrence of external and internal defects in the resulting cylindrical continuous cast billets. The authors have also made the conclusions about the effect of inhomogeneity of the boundary conditions on the formation of temperature fields in a solidified cylindrical continuously cast billet. The results of the conducted studies are presented in a graphic form and their detailed analysis is carried out. To calculate the temperature fields in the solidifying billet, a specially developed mathematical model was used, based on the equation of nonstationary heat conductivity. For the calculation of thermal stresses, known mathematical formulas have been used that allow calculating the values of thermal stresses arising between cooling zones in the solidifying billet during the continuous casting of steel. The obtained data are of high practical importance, since they can be used to develop rational cooling regimes, in which excess permissible thermal stresses will not be observed. This, as a consequence, will reduce the number of internal and external defects arising in the solidifying continuously cast billet.
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Kim, Jong Ho, Myoung Gyun Kim, Joon Pyo Park, Gyu Chang Lee e Ju Bum Kim. "Electromagnetic Continuous Casting Process for Near Net Shape Aluminum Alloy Billet". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (giugno 2010): 1400–1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new method and apparatus for the fabrication of high-quality, near net shaped aluminum alloy billets is developed by the combination of continuous casting and electromagnetic casting/stirring technique. Traditional machine for continuous casting process involves round, square and rectangular billets; therefore it requires additional multistep forging process to fabricate final products of complicated shape. A new process for the fabrication of near net shaped aluminum billets offers some advantages: the process of extrusion and forging is simplified and the cost of plastic working can be greatly reduced. In order to reduce the peculiar problems such as surface crack and internal defect due to inhomogeneous heat transfer of solidified billets, electromagnetic casting and stirring technique were adopted. The effect of electromagnetic field was compared by observing the microstructure of billets. Grain refinement of aluminum billet was clearly observed by applying electromagnetic field to continuous casting process.
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Kido, Futoshi, e Tetsuichi Motegi. "Production of Magnesium Alloy Billets by Semisolid Continuous Casting". Materials Science Forum 610-613 (gennaio 2009): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.1403.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to produce AZ91 and AZ31 magnesium alloy billets semisolid continuous casting by using an inclined cooling plate was carried out. The molten magnesium alloy in an electric furnace was flowed on the inclined cooling plate and then poured in a tundish. The slurry prepared using this process was solidified by drawing a dummy bar from a water-cooled copper mold, consequently producing a billet. As a result, we could produce the magnesium alloy billets by semisolid continuous casting. Magnesium alloy billets with refined and globular primary α crystals were successfully and continuously cast by optimizing the solidification conditions. In this case, the grain size of AZ91 billets was about 55μm and that of AZ31 billets was 50μm. The AZ91 billets produced by semisolid continuous casting were employed in thixocasting experiments. The experiments revealed that thixocasting could produce the mobile phone casings with spherical primary α crystals at 858K. Moreover, we proved that the difference of shot cycle did not influence the microstructures for up to 251 shots.
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Ahmad, Asnul Hadi, S. Naher e Dermot Brabazon. "Injection Tests and Effect on Microstructure and Properties of Aluminium 7075 Direct Thermal Method Feedstock Billets". Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (maggio 2014): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1637.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The success of semi-solid metal forming is dependent on a globular solid grain formation within a liquid phase. This paper presents experimental works concerning semi-solid metal processing of aluminium 7075 feedstock billets which were produced by direct thermal method. The flowability of feedstock billets was evaluated by an injection test processing unit. The feedstock billets were heated to a temperature of 620 °C by using a box furnace before transferred into a forming die. The formed feedstock billet was removed from the forming die after it was cooled to ambient temperature. Several analyses were conducted on the formed feedstock billets including dimensional measurement and microstructure analysis. The results show that the feedstock billets which contained highest amount of free secondary phase were most successfully formed. Microstructure analysis results also revealed the formation of more globular and larger α–Al solid grains in the same feedstock billets. In this experimental work, the feedstock billets with higher secondary (liquid) phase gives a significant effect to formability. It can be concluded that in order to get successful formability of direct thermal method feedstock billets, the billets need to have higher secondary phase content. Thus, the selection of proper feedstock billets is important to determine the success of the SSM processing.
Tesi sul tema "Billet à ordre"
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Adde, Alain. "Origine et développement du billet à ordre en France". Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le billet a ordre remonte aux dernieres annees du xviie siecle mais ses origines sont tres lointaines. Son origine proche demeure incertaine. Trois schemas de creation sont possibles. Le plus probable est aussi le moins juridique. Il semble tirer son droit de celui de la lettre de change mais si l'on considere qu'il est le successeur de la reconnaissance de dette sous seing prive entre commercants, il puisse en fait dans un patrimoine commun. Le rigueur de la loi sur les protets, l'informatique et les formes nouvelles des moyens de credit et de paiement conduisent a un deploiement des types d'effets de commerce mais cela se fait au detriment des garantiesThe promissory note is born during the last years of the xviith century but it has very remote roots. Its near origin is still uncertain. Three patterns are possible for its creation, the most suitable has also the less juridical background. Its regulations seems to come from these which are ruling the bill of exchange, but as the promissory note is the successor of the ancient private acknowledgement of debt beetwen traders we try to show that their laws are common. The harshness of the law on protest and the new forms taken by the various means of credit and payment bring to a deployment of several kinds of promissory note but with reduced securities
2
Gamal, Eldine Nabil. "L'encadrement juridique de "Documents Transférables Électroniques"". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD044/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’intérêt de la présente recherche est d'étudier d’une manière générale les communications électroniques dans le commerce international, et puis à titre particulier d’interpeler les nouveaux défis qui relèveraient de l’utilisation des "documents transférables électroniques", en réfléchissant sur les différentes approches et les méthodes à adopter afin de remédier aux éventuelles déficiences technologiques, identifier puis combler les lacunes juridiques qui se révéler lors de ces échanges. Il s’agirait donc d’une enquête sur les questions juridiques liées à la création, à l’utilisation et à l’exécution du "document transférable électronique" ; il s’agit d’un terme crée par la CNUDCI, ce qui renvoie d’une manière générale à l’équivalent électronique d’un instrument transférable négociable ou d’un document titre. Nous identifions principalement les trois grands axes. Premièrement, la protection des données personnelles. Elle fait l’objet de plusieurs réformes législatives. La plus récente est le Règlement européen 2016/679 du 27 avril 2016 qui vise à promouvoir l’utilisation de l’outil informatique, tout en accordant la protection appropriée aux données à caractère personnel. Deuxièmement, l'exigence d’unicité d’un document transférable (« Garantie de singularité »). La garantie de l’unicité d’un document exige qu’il soit le seul qui existe ou bien, que toute copie soit clairement identifiable comme telle. Les conséquences éventuelles de la reproduction non autorisée de tout document transférable électronique donnant au porteur ou au bénéficiaire le droit de demander la remise de marchandises ou le paiement d’une somme d’argent rendent nécessaire l’élaboration de mécanismes pour garantir l’unicité de ces instruments. Troisièmement, la possession du ‘document transférable électronique’ et la notion de contrôle pour l’identification du porteur. Outre le traitement de la question de l’exigence de la singularité, la recherche d’un mécanisme fonctionnellement applicable et équivalent pour satisfaire à l’exigence de la possession matérielle du document papier constitue un défi majeur. Dans la plupart des modèles juridiques régissant les documents transférables électroniquement, la notion de “contrôle” d’un document électronique est utilisée en tant qu’équivalent fonctionnel de la possession ; cela signifie que la personne qui exerce le contrôle du document transférable électronique est considérée comme le porteur habilité à s’en prévaloir. Ces documents électroniques sont gérés par des prestataires de confiance qualifiés pour garantir leur sécuritéThe interest of this research is to study in general, the electronic communications in an international context, and then to focus on the ongoing challenges that occur on the field of "electronic transferable documents"; for this we shall perceive the methods that have been adopted for the purpose of using such documents, in order to prevent eventual technological deficiencies, identifying and filling the legal gaps revealed throughout our study of these new challenges.Therefore we shall comprehend and defy the legal boundaries, in order to create, use and transfer "electronic transferable documents". It is a pre-requisite to clearly identify the subject of this study, which is the term 'electronic transferable record, a concept created by UNCITRAL, which refers generally to ' Electronic equivalent of a transferable record (negotiable or non-negotiable) or a document of a legal right.We shall identify the three following main topics:I. The protection of personal data and privacy has been subject to several legislative reforms. The most recent one is the European Regulation 2016/679 dated April 27th, 2016. This reform aims to promote the use of the IT (Information Technology) tools, while granting the appropriate protection to the personal data. These electronic records are managed by qualified services providers.II. Requirement for uniqueness of the record ("Guarantee of uniqueness")The guarantee of the uniqueness of the document is to ensure that there is only one possible holder and owner of that document, as in the case of paper document, and that any copy is clearly identifiable as such. As a result of an unauthorized reproduction of any electronic transferable record, any such holder or beneficiary shall have the right to request delivery of goods or the payment of a certain sum of money; thus the need to insure the uniqueness of these electronic records.III. The possession of an electronic transferable record.In addition to the above, the need to identify a functional equivalent approach to satisfy the requirement of possession in the case of electronic transferable document, which is a major challenge.IV. Concept of control and identification of the holderIn most legal models governing electronic transferable records, the definition of "control" of an electronic document is used as a functional equivalent to possession. That is, the person who controls the electronic transferable record is deemed to be the holder and the one entitled to use it
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Pinault, Martin. "La réconciliation des irréconciliables, la convention des Nations Unies sur les lettres de change internationales et les billets à ordre internationaux". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25705.pdf.
Testo completo
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Stanczak, Romain. "Les promesses de payer : essai de théorie générale". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les promesses de payer sont des contrats par lesquels une personne s’engage envers un créancier à payer ce qui lui est dû. De tels actes sont courants ; leurs applications sont variées. Le cautionnement, l’acceptation d’une lettre de change, la promesse d’exécuter une obligation naturelle, l’engagement du délégué envers le délégataire, le constitut, la garantie autonome, la souscription d’un billet à ordre, etc., sont des promesses de payer. Plus précisément, ces actes sont des applications diverses d’une même figure juridique : la promesse de payer. Cette dernière, déshabillée des particularités propres à chacune de ses applications spéciales, se présente comme une figure juridique unitaire, pourvue d’une nature et de caractères permanents. Ayant pour objet un paiement, elle suppose toujours l’existence d’une dette à acquitter. Cette dette, ou « obligation principale », constitue sa cause objective. Contrairement à une simple reconnaissance de dette, la promesse ne se borne pas à déclarer l’existence de celle-ci. En tant qu’engagement d’exécution, elle donne naissance à une nouvelle obligation, l’ « obligation de règlement », venant s’adjoindre à la première en vue de son paiement. L’obligation de règlement, à ce titre, constitue l’accessoire de l’obligation principale. Son régime, de sa naissance à son extinction, sera donc plus ou moins lié à celui de cette dernièrePromises to pay are contracts by which a person commits to pay to a creditor what is owed to him. Such acts are as common as they are various. For instance, bond, acceptance of a bill of exchange, promise to perform a natural obligation, commitment of the delegate to the delegatee, autonomous guarantee, subscription of a promissory note, etc. are promises to pay. In fact, such acts are different applications of a single legal figure : the promise to pay. Apart from the specificities of each of its applications, the promise to pay reveals itself as a uniform legal act with a permanent nature. Because its subject consists in a payment, the promise to pay always presupposes the existence of a debt. Such debt, or “primary obligation”, is the “objective cause” of the promise. Unlike a simple “IOU”, a promise to pay is not limited to declare the existence of the primary obligation. As a commitment, it also produces a new obligation, the “obligation to pay”, which coexists with the primary obligation. The obligation to pay, as such, is ancillary to the primary obligation. Its legal status, from its birth to its expiration, will be closely linked to that of the primary obligation
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Knéblová, Hana. "Směnka a reálné možnosti jejího využití v praxi českých bank". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis on "The Bill and real possibilities of its use in the practice of Czech banks" is focused on the characteristics of bills as a directing and payment instrument and possible ways of its use, taking into account both economic and legal aspects. This work includes a wide range of banking products, in which the bills are used, indicating their advantages and disadvantages too. The conclusion provides justification for attractiveness of bills for the banks, but also the reasons for which it is viewed by public with some skepticism.
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Dede, Erdogan. "Designing An Information System For Material Management In Engineer-to-order Organizations". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607988/index.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, an information system is designed and developed for engineer-to-order organizations to improve the traditional Bill-of-Material by handling variants of products and components efficiently. A database is developed to store the related information about inventories and configuration management in an effective way. The improved Bill-of-Material provides a common structure to access stored information for material management purposes. A model, based on network, is presented and included into the system for calculating time required to produce components and to make subassemblies or assemblies with the current inventory levels. The system is applied to TÜBiTAK-SAGE, which is an engineer-to-order organization carrying out Research and Development projects for Defense Industry.
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Levstek, (Bradáčová) Šárka. "Zjišťování a specifikace víceprací a méněprací u stavebních dodávek a prací". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232515.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis deals with extra work and unrealized work that originate at construction projects and further on during realizing the construction, both at new constructions, and at reconstructions and other construction activities. It mainly focuses on their origination and optimizing their amount in individual construction phases, from preparing the project through entering into an agreement with the supplier, to carrying out the project itself. The theoretical part outlines used basic concepts according to valid laws and regulations, and introduces individual construction phases including defining extra work and unrealized work. The practical part shows a real-world example of the negative influence of such work on the investor-supplier relationships and the analysis of failures by individual participants. The result of the thesis is processing a suggestion for reducing the frequent failures caused by the extra work and unrealized work, and a consistent evidence for better argumentation and invoicing between the investor and the supplier. The main aim is to prevent conflicts between the parties that arise because of admitting the extra work and unrealized work.
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Horáková, Petra. "Stavebně technologický projekt minipivovaru Vysočina". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227236.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of thediploma thesis is to make the detailed building-technological project of microbrewery Vysočina. It is concentrated on the principles of building organization what makes construction facility, the calculation of electric power and water supply, calculation of the costs of operating the construction site and its graphic representation for chosen construction phases. I also make the project of the optimal machine composition. After that I compile the budget and costing of the microbrewery, the time and financial plan and the evaluation of main sources. I technologically solve the phase of upper shell construction made of reinforced pre-cast construction for building object of the microbrewery Vysočina. I apply the other ways of assembly of upper shell construction and show their evaluation in terms of price and time construction. I make the inspection and test plan, environmental aspects, the source register of working risk, heat-engineering review of building case and fire safety solutions.
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Vacek, Lukáš. "Směnečné kauzální námitky, jejich druhy a řízení o nich". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
and keywords Causal objections to a bill of exchange and a promissory note, their types and proceedings related to them The subject of this thesis are causal objections to bill of exchange and promissory note, their types and proceedings related to them. The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of causal objections as a defense against produced bill of exchange (promissory note) based on an analysis of prosessional literature on the topic and the relevant case law. Thus, the thesis deals both with causal objections as substantive law institute and their practical application through procedural law institute of objections against bill of exchange (promissory note) payment order. The thesis consists of the preface, three chaptes and the conclusion. The first chapter deals with basic aspects of the term of "bill of exchange" (or the "promissory note"). The chapter is devided into four subchapters. The first subchapter analyses different definitions of the bill of exchange (promissory note) as they can be found in the professional literature and the case law and these definitons are compared to one another. The second subchapter deals with typical signs of bills of exchange (promissory notes) as a security. The essentials of such a security are described in the third subchapter. The...
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Amorim, Carlos Guilherme de Veiga. "Implementação de um modelo de referenciação genérica num sistema de produção engineer-to-order". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33421.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial (área de especialização em Gestão Industrial)No contexto atual de mercado e concorrência globalizada, a sobrevivência das empresas depende da adoção de medidas que lhes permitam aumentar a sua eficiência e destacar-se da concorrência através da diferenciação dos seus produtos. Neste trabalho propõe-se implementar o modelo de referenciação genérica GenPDM, desenvolvido na Universidade do Minho, no sistema de produção Engineerto- Order (ETO). A referenciação genérica pretende dar às empresas a capacidade de gerir com eficiência a informação relacionada com os produtos e os seus processos de fabrico em contexto de customização em massa. A implementação do modelo GenPDM no sistema ETO focou-se na fase de orçamentação do produto. Para isso, sustentou-se este trabalho num caso de estudo, a empresa Informoldes S.A. que se dedica ao fabrico de moldes de injeção plástica para o ramo automóvel. A natureza da sua área de negócio exige a adaptação plena dos seus produtos às necessidades específicas dos clientes assim como o desenvolvimento dos produtos em estreita colaboração com os mesmos. Na primeira fase deste trabalho aprofundaram-se conhecimentos e recolheram-se dados relativos ao produto e ao sistema de produção do caso de estudo. Com os dados recolhidos foi possível registar as relações existentes entre os requisitos dos clientes e o produto final. Para atingir este objetivo deu-se especial enfoque à decomposição do produto e ao estudo das relações hierárquicas do produto com os seus componentes intermédios e matérias-primas. Paralelamente, recolheram-se dados relativos à lista de operações de cada componente fabricado internamente bem como os tempos de cada operação. Desta forma foi possível fazer uma aproximação estatística dos tempos das operações que posteriormente foram utilizados na implementação do modelo. Na segunda fase deste trabalho foi implementado o modelo segundo as orientações do GenPDM com recurso aos dados recolhidos durante a primeira fase. Na terceira e última fase foi escolhido o exemplo de um produto real com o qual foi testada a funcionalidade do modelo implementado.
Due to the current context of globalized market and competition, the survival of the companies lies on their ability to take actions in order to increase their efficiency and stand out from the competitors through the differentiation of their products. In this essay is proposed the implementation of the generic referencing model GenPDM, developed at University of Minho, in an Engineer-to-Order (ETO) production system. Generic referencing aims to give the companies that work within mass customization context the ability to manage efficiently the data related to the product and its manufacture processes. The adaptation of the GenPDM model to the ETO system was focused on the quotation phase. With this purpose, a case study was chosen, Informoldes S.A. company, that is dedicated to the project and manufacture of plastic injection molds for the automotive industry. Its business area requires that the products must fully adapt to the specific needs and requests of the clients and, at the same time, the development of the products must occur in close cooperation with them. In order to reach these targets, the first stage of this work consisted on increasing the knowledge and collecting data related with the product and the company’s production system. With this data, it was possible to document the existing relations between the client requests and the final product in order to understand how they impact on the product. For this purpose, the decomposition of the product was studied, as well as the relations between the product and its components and raw materials. At the same time, bills of operations and manufacturing times of each component produced at the company were collected. With this data it was possible to estimate statistically the operations times that were used on the model implementation. On the second stage, the data collected on the first stage was introduced in the model following the rules of GenPDM. On the third stage an example of a real product was chosen in order to test the functionality of the implemented model.
Libri sul tema "Billet à ordre"
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Dupichot, Jacques. Les effets de commerce: Lettre de change, billet à ordre, chèque. 3a ed. Paris: Montchrestien, 1996.
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Ndoye, Doudou. Le nouveau droit du chèque, de la carte de crédit, de la lettre de change et du billet à ordre dans les pays de l'UMOA: Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Sénégal, Togo, Guinée Bissau : les nouveaux textes annotés. [Dakar]: EDJA, 1999.
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Guyon, Etienne. Du sac de billes au tas de sable. Paris: Editions O. Jacob, 1994.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against H.R. 4506: Report (to accompany H. Res. 449). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against H.R. 2490: Report (to accompany 211). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Les lettres de change et billets à ordre dans les relations commerciales internationales: Étude comparative de droit cambiaire français et américain. Paris: Economica, 1986.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against the bill H.R. 4453: Report (to accompany H. Res. 433). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against H.R. 2446: Report (to accompany H. Res. 204). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against H.R. 4650: Report (to accompany H. Res. 469). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Waiving certain points of order against H.R. 4603: Report (to accompany H. Res. 461). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Billet à ordre"
1
Schiltz, Michael. "‘On an Even Keel’". In Accounting for the Fall of Silver, 67–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865025.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Drawing on descriptive evidence from journalistic outlets in nineteenth-century Shanghai, this chapter reconstructs the debate on how fluctuations in the silver price could be accommodated in bill finance. It is demonstrated that this was effectuated by means of the ‘even keel’, a management strategy arguably pioneered by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC). Concretely, amounts of bills bought were matched by amounts of bills sold; bankers used ‘swap’ operations (i.e., they simultaneously purchased and sold bills in one currency for bills in another currency for the same quantity, in order to offset them) in order to eliminate exchange rate risk. This is shown quantitatively by means of flow-of-funds data of the Yokohama Specie Bank. The chapter concludes with several admonitions for existing macro-historical research.
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Gachigua, Sammy Gakero. "Legislating for a De Jure One-Party State in 1982 and “Party Hopping” in 2012". In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 286–305. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.ch016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study investigates the framing of arguments used in debating the Constitution of Kenya Amendment Bill 1982 and the Election Amendment Bill 2012 in order to interrogate how the elite conceive of the place of political parties in Kenya, as well as examining the transformations of this conception in the two periods. Through coercion and fallaciously invoking the democratic intentions of the bill, the illustrious history of KANU, and the need to unite behind KANU and President Moi, the 1982 bill resulted in an overinstitutionalized party system. The passage of the 2012 bill resulted in perpetuating an underinstitutionalized party system legitimized through overwhelmingly invoking the desire for freedom of association. Despite the differences in the framing of the arguments and the resultant impact of the bills, there is a strong underlying continuity that shows an instrumentalist conceptualization of political parties by the political elite in both the periods.
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Schütze, Robert. "12. Limiting Powers". In European Union Law, 451–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864660.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter investigates each of the European Union's three bills of rights and the constitutional principles that govern them. It starts with the discovery of an ‘unwritten’ bill of rights in the form of general principles of European law. The chapter then moves to an analysis of the Union's ‘written’ bill of rights: the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which was adopted to codify already existing human rights in the Union legal order. It also considers the formal relationship between the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. Finally, the chapter explores the relationship between EU fundamental rights and the Member States. Despite being primarily addressed to the Union, EU fundamental rights can, in some situations, also bind the Member States (and even their nationals). National courts may thus sometimes be obliged to review the legality of national law in the light of EU fundamental rights.
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Schütze, Robert. "12. Limiting Powers". In European Constitutional Law, 451–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864653.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter investigates each of the European Union’s three bills of rights and the constitutional principles that govern them. It starts with the discovery of an ‘unwritten’ bill of rights in the form of general principles of European law. The chapter then moves to an analysis of the Union’s ‘written’ bill of rights: the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which was adopted to codify already existing human rights in the Union legal order. It also considers the formal relationship between the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. Finally, the chapter explores the relationship between EU fundamental rights and the Member States. Despite being primarily addressed to the Union, EU fundamental rights can, in some situations, also bind the Member States (and even their nationals). National courts may thus sometimes be obliged to review the legality of national law in the light of EU fundamental rights.
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"Statistical Process and Quality Control". In Aluminum Extrusion Technology, 233–44. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aet.t68260233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to statistical process control and the concept of total quality management. It begins with a review of quality improvement efforts in the extrusion industry and the considerations involved in developing sampling plans and interpreting control charts. It then lays out the steps that would be followed in order to implement statistical testing for billet casting, die performance, or any other process or variable that impacts extrusion quality. The chapter concludes with an overview of the fundamentals of total quality management.
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Aini Amran, Nurul, e Siti Nor Adibah Mustapha. "Oil–Water Separation Techniques for Bilge Water Treatment". In Resources of Water [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Discharging accumulated bilge water from the ship is very important in order to maintain its stability and safety. However, the bilge water that contains contaminants, including waste oils and oily wastes, must be treated prior discharging to the sea. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has set strict oil discharge limit in order to minimize sea pollution. Thus, an efficient oil–water separator must be installed to separate the oil from the bilge water. This chapter introduces and discusses the working mechanisms, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the available oil–water separation techniques for bilge water treatment, which include gravitational, centrifugation, flotation, coagulation and flocculation, biological processes as well as absorption and adsorption.
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Musser, Amber Jamilla. "Introduction". In Sensual Excess, 1–26. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479807031.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter analyzes Lyle Ashton Harris’s performative self-portrait of himself citing Billie Holiday—Billie #21 (2002)—as an entry point into illustrating the ways that thinking with the pornotrope challenges understandings of sexuality by pointing to the presence of violence in relation to black and brown bodies. The chapter then introduces the concept of brown jouissance as a way to think about race in concert with psychoanalysis and in order to think about projects of selfhood in relation to fleshiness. Ultimately, the chapter argues that Billie #21 illuminates brown jouissance through its aesthetics of citation and its form as a Polaroid.
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Wenzelburger, Georg. "Law and Order Policies and Conservative Parties". In The Partisan Politics of Law and Order, 131–68. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920487.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 5 presents evidence on how two conservative governments, the Bildt government in Sweden in the early 1990s and the French UMP governments at the beginning of the 2000s, embarked on rather different policy paths although both governments had pledged to implement harsher law and order policies. The difference between the two countries is explained by the fact that the Swedish political system constrains radical policy shifts by a legislative process that is lengthy and aimed at consensus. Therefore, the government simply did not have enough time to implement what might have been a major policy change. Second, the importance of law and order policies was greatly reduced in Sweden due to a major financial and economic crisis that hit the country only months after the government took office—hence, crime and security were not a priority. In France, in contrast, institutional constraints were weak, which explains the shift toward a harsher stance.
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Wolak, Jennifer. "Support for Compromise in Principle and in Practice". In Compromise in an Age of Party Polarization, 176–203. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510490.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter reports a set of experiments that consider people’s appraisals of specific policy compromises in Congress, focusing on whether people like compromises less once they understand what types of policy concessions they entail. Drawing on recent congressional compromises on domestic violence legislation, education reform, and health-care policy, the experiments test whether people evaluate Congress and its policy outcomes differently when bills are represented as compromises where both sides made concessions in order to achieve policy gains. The results show that people are disappointed when they learn that a bill failed to pass due to members of Congress refusing to compromise. Members of Congress do not seem to be penalized for their support of compromise legislation. Policy compromises serve to boost the perceived legitimacy of the decision-making process, particularly among those who are ideologically opposed to the outcome.
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Belco, Michelle, e Brandon Rottinghaus. "A New Theory and Approach to Studying Unilateral Orders". In The Dual Executive. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804799973.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 2 presents an organizational model to chart the process of when in the policy process a unilateral order is issued. This model conceptualizes the use of unilateral orders based on the dual roles of the executive at one of three stages in the policy-making process: at the agenda-setting stage before bills have been introduced into the legislative process, during the president’s bargaining with Congress after bills have reached the agenda, and when the president is implementing law passed by Congress. This provides a basis for exploring the theoretical expectations derived from the institutional and power-sharing arrangements.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Billet à ordre"
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Wu, Bin, Andrew M. Arnold, Eugene Arnold, George Downey e Chenn Q. Zhou. "CFD Analysis of Batch-Type Reheating Furnace". In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42454.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the steelmaking industry, reheating furnaces are used to heat the billets or blooms to the rolling temperature; the uniformity of the temperature in the furnace determines billet quality. In order to obtain a better understanding of the furnace operation, which influences the temperature distribution; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is conducted to examine the transient and three dimensional temperature fields in a reheating furnace using the commercial software Fluent®. A number of actual operating conditions, based on the ArcelorMittal Steelton No.3 reheating furnace, are computed. The numerical results are used to optimize the operating parameters and thus help to improve the steel quality.
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Hsu, Quang-Cherng, Shu-Ping Shi e Chi-Peng Hsu. "Study on the Solid Welding Conditions of Hollow Extrusion of 7075 Aluminum Alloy". In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Direct extrusion by port hole–bridge die configuration has been successfully used to fabricate products with hollow cross sections for 6000 series aluminum alloys. When these aluminum alloys flow through the upper die (with bridge and port hole) material flows separately. These separate materials contact together when they flow through the lower die (with welding chamber). The contacting and welding processes occurs naturally if the material temperature and contact pressure are suitable; then the product with hollow and complicated cross section will be obtained when the material flow through bearing regions in lower die. This solid welding process for 6000 series aluminum alloys is without any problem. However, if for 7000 series aluminum alloys this situation alerts since different alloy compositions such as Zn and Cu causing welding process in lower die failed. It will impede the success of industry application with light and high strength aluminum alloys. In order to determine the solid welding conditions during hollow extrusion with port-hole die structure for high strength aluminum alloy such as 7000 series, an easy tooling configuration has been designed. Based on this approach, two split and half die components with taper angle feature were inserted into an outer steel ring. In the beginning, some clearances happen between inner die and outer ring result from design in purpose. When the upper punch continues to press the testing billet, the clearance disappears gradually due to the designed taper angle of inner die and outer ring. However, when the pushing pressure from upper punch is over 350 Mpa and billet temperature is maintained at about 480C below melting temperature, small gaps between the two split half die components occur automatically. During this situation, two small flashes can flow into the opening gaps both from the upper and lower billets which then can weld together. However, these two upper and lower billets in direct pressing zone did not weld together. Several experiments at different pressure have been conducted and the best solid welding condition has been obtained. The proposed method (die configuration) is easy and cheap because there is no necessary to conduct experiment in controlled environment such as in vacuum chamber of Gleeble test or in a protective atmosphere. The grain size and grain structure as well as grain flow have been discussed in the proposed paper for testing parts in direct pressing zone and in flash zone. Some SEM photos and EDS analysis have been prepared and will be presented in this paper.
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Mondal, Debabrata, Jeffrey David Morris, Bin Zhang, Wen Meng, Uttam Chakravarty, Paul Herrington e Paul Schilling. "Miniature Hemispherical Bowl-Shaped Forming Using SLA Punch and Die: Modeling and Experimental Analysis". In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11630.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Forming processes are a convenient means for bulk production of parts. These parts are used in a wide range of applications from automotive industries to micro-devices in bioengineering. Manufactured parts are required to be precise in their final dimension, and since the billet material undergoes significant plastic deformation during forming, billet material characterization and prediction of final form is essential. In this study, miniaturized bowl-shaped samples of 3003-H14 aluminum alloy were formed using a die and punch manufactured using the stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing method. Tensile testing was performed in order to characterize the material properties of the SLA resin. Using the SLA-created die and punch, hemispherical bowl-shaped forms were generated. In order to investigate possible small size effects, experimental load versus displacement results were obtained for billet plate thicknesses of 0.4–0.8 mm. A numerical finite element model was developed to predict the required punch load to manufacture various thickness bowl-shaped forms. A comparison was made between the load verses displacement curves for the different thicknesses, and the numerical model was validated by the experimental results. The validated computational model can then be used to predict the process parameters prior to starting bulk production. Finally, a model with grains was developed and simulated to show the virtual microstructural morphology of the circular plates before and after the forming operation.
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Im, Yong-Taek, Ki-Ho Jung, Hyun-Chul Lee, Joseph S. Ajiboye e Seong-Hoon Kang. "Measurement of the Effect of Surface Topology on Friction by Tip Test". In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84267.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the present investigation, tip test based on backward extrusion was utilized to characterize the effect of surface roughness of the billet and forming tools and type of lubricants on friction. For the test, cylindrical specimens made of aluminum alloys of 6061-O and 2024-O with four lubricants such as VG32, VG100, corn oil, and grease were used. Single punch and two die sets with different surface topologies were manufactured in order to investigate the effect of surface conditions on friction and flow behavior. The load levels and tip distances were measured for both materials and compared with each other to determine shear friction factors at the punch and counter punch interfaces separately depending on the variation of surface topologies using the finite element simulations. As a result, a linear relationship among the dimensionless load, tip distance, and shear friction factors at punch and counter punch interfaces was derived for the experimental conditions investigated. The slope change of this linear relationship from negative to positive clearly depends on the variation of the surface conditions at the billet/punch and billet/counter punch interfaces. Also, it was clearly demonstrated that the dimensionless tip distance for the frictionless case can be extrapolated from the experimental data based on the simulation results. The value for the frictionless case can be used for characterizing the relative effect due to surface topologies at punch and counter punch and lubrication qualities of lubricants under various processing conditions.
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Lontos, Antonios, George Demosthenous e Filippos Soukatzidis. "Application of Appropriate Coatings on Extrusion Dies and Evaluation of Their Performance During Hot Extrusion of Aluminum". In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24909.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this paper is to study the effect of extrusion parameters (extrusion speed and temperature), die geometry, and the application of appropriate coating materials on the extrusion dies in order to extend their working life. To achieve the above goal FEM techniques and experimental tests adopted and simulating and experimental results evaluated. In this way, special FEM software was used to set up the finite element model of the aluminum extrusion. As a billet material the 6061 aluminum was used, with a specific diameter and length. The extrusion process was modeled as isothermal, which means that the billet material preheated at the specific temperature and then it was pressured into the two different dies, with a specific extrusion ratio. The extrusion speed was varied between 0.5 to 1 mm/sec and the extrusion temperature varied between 400 °C to 500 °C. The extrusion angle of the two different dies was 9° degrees. The fillet radius at the top surfaces was selected to be 1 mm. The friction between aluminum material (billet) and the extrusion equipment was i) aluminum material and die 0.3, ii) aluminum material and ram 0.9 and iii) aluminum material and container equal to 0.96. Optimized algorithms of extrusion parameters were proposed regarding to the concluded simulating results. The results obtain from the simulation procedure help to the better understanding of the specific extrusion process, leading to better modification of the experimental procedure. In this way, experimental tests were conducted on special laboratory extrusion press using the two different die geometries coated with three different PVD coatings. By means of these experimental tests the additional working life of the coated dies, during hot extrusion process, was able to be evaluated. In addition, the three different coatings where tested by established quality procedures in order to determine their behavior on the material of the extrusion die.
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Lontos, A., K. D. Bouzakis, G. Demosthenous e A. Baldoukas. "FEM Simulation of the Whole Circle of Aluminum Hot Extrusion Using Circular Dies With Different Extrusion Angle". In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On of the most typical forming processes used for the production of long, straight semi-finished products in the form of various section geometries is extrusion. Hot extrusion is a thermo-mechanical process whish involves complicated interactions between process parameters, tooling and deforming material /1,2/. In the present paper, FEM simulation is performed in the aluminum extrusion using circular dies with different geometries in order to extract quantitative simulating results regarding various forming parameters. Most specifically the parameters that are investigated are the die design-geometry, the process parameters (i.e. ram speed, container temperature, billet temperature) and the product quality (i.e. extruded shape, surface condition). The finite element modeling is based on 3D simulation tools using the DEFORM 3D software /3–5/. The used work piece is the aluminum AA6061 in cylindrical form with a diameter of 14 mm. The used material for the extrusion die is the hot work steel AISI H13. The geometry of the die is circular with a variation in die angle. The container and the billet temperature will vary from 450 to 550 degrees, and the mandrel (ram) speed will be at the range of 2 mm/sec. On the basis of simulating results such as pressure distribution on the extrusion die, effective stresses on the billet and product quality, new and improve die geometry will be introduced. Although the simulation problem is an axisymmetric one the authors decide to proceed with 3D FEM simulation in order to examine and verify the 3D simulating results. This paper is the first part of a further research project in which more complicated die geometries will be used as simulating and experimental specimens. In addition to simulating results, experimental results will be presented in the next few months.
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Stetina, Josef, e Frantisek Kavicka. "Numerical Model of Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer During the Solidification of a Concasting Steel". In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The accuracy with which the solidification and cooling of a continuously cast billet is investigated depends on the setting of the boundary conditions of the numerical model of the temperature field. An in-house numerical model of the 3D temperature field of a concast billet had been used. This model enables the analysis of the temperature field of the actual blank as it passes through the zero-, primary-, secondary- and tertiary-cooling zones, i.e. through the entire caster. This paper deals with the derivation of transfer phenomena under the cooling nozzles of the secondary zone. These phenomena are expressed by the values of the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs). The dependences of these coefficients on surface temperature and other operational parameters must also be given. The HTCs beneath the nozzles are given by the sum of the forced convection coefficient and the so-called reduced convection coefficient corresponding to heat transfer by radiation. The definition of the boundary conditions is the most difficult part of the numerical and experimental investigation of the thermokinetics of this process. Regarding the fact that on a real caster, where there are many types of nozzles (with various settings) positioned inside a closed cage, it is practically impossible to conduct measurement of the real boundary conditions. Therefore, an experimental laboratory device was introduced in order to measure the cooling characteristics of the nozzles. It simulates not only the movement, but also the surface of a blank and for the necessary range of water flow in the operation and the casting speeds. The transfer phenomena beneath the water cooling nozzles are presented on a simulated temperature field for a real 150×150 mm steel billet under different operational conditions. This is ensured by the correct process procedure: real process → input data → numerical analysis → optimization → correction of process. The presented model is a valuable computational tool and accurate simulator for investigating transient phenomena in caster operations, and for developing control methods, the choice of an optimum cooling strategy to meet all quality requirements, and an assessment of the heat-energy content required for direct rolling.
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Wray, A. "Bill and Ted's vision of a new world order". In International Broadcasting Conference (IBC). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971254.
Testo completo
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Shahhosseini, A. Mehran, e Malur N. Srinivasan. "Micro-Macro Modeling of Continuous Cast Steel to Simulate the Effect of Casting Velocity and Pouring Temperature on Copper Segregation". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85463.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the most serious problems in using recycled scrap for steel production is the occurrence of surface hot shortness during hot deformation due to the presence of copper in scrap. Copper causes surface hot shortness by liquid embrittlement. Therefore, the amount of the liquid copper-enriched phase penetrating into the grain boundaries should be identified in order to keep its effects within acceptable limits. In this regard, understanding the mechanism of segregation during solidification of steel is essential. This paper attempts to demonstrate micro-macro modeling of continuous cast steel to simulate the effect of casting velocity and pouring temperature on copper segregation. First, the temperature profiles at different times were determined using a finite element (macro) model and a segregation (micro) model based on Giovanola-Kurz approach is coupled with the macro model. It is necessary to couple the heat flow calculations from the macro model and the segregation calculations from the micro model because the rate of latent heat liberation is affected by the solute redistribution process, while the solute redistribution process depends on the cooling rates. As the casting velocity and pouring temperature strongly affect the solidification of continuous cast steel, they were chosen as the variables in this study. It is hoped that this study will enable the optimization of these variable to minimize the segregation of copper. This paper also demonstrates that by decreasing casting velocity and pouring temperature of a steel billet during continuous casting, solid-liquid interface moves faster to the center of the billet and there is less chance for diffusion of the residual elements in steel. Therefore, the chance of hot shortness of copper in the steel increases.
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Kennett, Ryan, Yunho Hwang e Reinhard Radermacher. "Evaluation of an Extended-Duct Air Delivery System in Tall Spaces Conditioned by Rooftop Units". In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65523.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mixing ventilation in high bay buildings conditioned by rooftop units involves supplying and returning air near the ceiling. Several problems occur in tall spaces, such as higher return air temperatures in the summer and excessive stratification in the winter. A novel air delivery strategy is investigated that involves supplying and returning air at different heights depending on the season. In the summer, air is supplied low and returned just above the occupied zone in order to cool the occupied zone directly, letting the upper zone stratify. In the winter, air is supplied high and returned low in order to draw warm air down from the ceiling, thus promoting destratification. This system’s performance was investigated in a full-scale experiment using measured temperature profiles and utility bills. A calibrated EnergyPlus model used measured temperature profiles as an input to a room-air model to study the effects of stratification on building energy consumption. The EnergyPlus model predicts 19% yearly HVAC electricity savings when considering the additional pressure drop of extended ducting and 37% yearly HVAC electricity savings without considering extra pressure drop. A utility bill analysis of the test facility shows a yearly 28.8% reduction in HVAC electricity consumption.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Billet à ordre"
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Ruschau, John J., Nicholas J. Jacobs e Steven R. Thompson. Quick Reaction Evaluation of Materials and Processes (QRE). Task Order 0008: Titanium Billet Characterization and Materials Properties Development (Nonconforming Titanium) - Executive Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557678.
Testo completo