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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Biofouling"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Biofouling"

Pitriana, P., A. W. Radjab, and A. Basit. "Biofouling on mooring systems in the Talaud and Halmahera Seas, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012012.

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Abstract Many deep-sea scientific discoveries have been driven by sampling from mooring systems. We observed biofouling assemblages on five mooring systems in the Talaud Sea and the Halmahera Sea. Biofoulings on all the mooring components extending from the sea surface to the depth of 1800–2000 m were documented. We found mollusks, barnacles, annelids, algae, and sponges assemblages on buoys, instruments, and cables of the mooring systems. Barnacle Heteralepas sp. was the most dominant biofouling attached to the float instruments of all mooring systems. At a depth of 200 m, we found mollusks,

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Regitasyali, S., M. H. N. Aliffrananda, Y. A. Hermawan, M. L. Hakim, and I. K. A. P. Utama. "Numerical investigation on the effect of homogenous roughness due to biofouling on ship friction resistance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012026.

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Abstract Ships are subject to increased surface roughness due to the attachment of biofoulings on their hull. When the surface of a ship’s hull is rough, increased frictional resistance can be expected. A ship’s frictional resistance make up almost 80 – 85% of its total resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the ship’s frictional resistance value to a minimum. In this study, the effects of roughness length scale due to biofouling on friction resistance are investigated. To achieve reliable results, this study used the 3D DTMB 5415 model that was established as a benchmark study by IT

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Fawcett, HowardH. "Biofouling." Journal of Hazardous Materials 23, no. 1 (1990): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(90)85015-u.

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Flemming, H. C., and G. Schaule. "Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung - Biofilm und Biofouling: Biofouling." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45, no. 1 (1994): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450109.

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Maliszewska, Irena, and Tomasz Czapka. "Biofouling Removal from Membranes Using Nonthermal Plasma." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174318.

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An essential aspect of wastewater treatment systems based on membranes is fouling, which leads to a decrease in their performance and durability. The membrane biofouling is directly related to the deposition of biological particles (e.g., microorganisms in the form of biofilm) on the membrane surface. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of using nonthermal plasma for membrane treatment to overcome the biofouling problem. The removal of biological cells from the membrane surface was performed in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The biofoulant (i.e., activat

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Vrouwenvelder, J. S., J. C. Kruithof, and M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht. "Integrated approach for biofouling control." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 11 (2010): 2477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.747.

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Despite extensive research efforts, past and present strategies to control biofouling problems in spiral-wound nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes have not been successful under all circumstances. Gaining insight in the biofouling process is a first necessity. Based on recent insights, an overview is given of 12 potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling. Combinations of approaches may be more efficient in biofouling control than a single approach. A single approach must be 100% effective, while in combination each individual approach can be partially effective while the c

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Vinagre, Pedro Almeida, Teresa Simas, Erica Cruz, Emiliano Pinori, and Johan Svenson. "Marine Biofouling: A European Database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070495.

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Biofouling is a major problem shared among all maritime sectors employing submerged structures where it leads to substantially increased costs and lowered operational lifespans if poorly addressed. Insight into the ongoing processes at the relevant marine locations is key to effective management of biofouling. Of specific concern for the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector is the fact that information on biofouling composition and magnitude across geographies is dispersed throughout published papers and consulting reports. To enable rapid access to relevant key biofouling events the present w

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Han, Cong, and Zhigang Qu. "A methodology for removing biofouling of the hull based on ultrasonic guided waves." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2031, no. 1 (2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2031/1/012006.

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Abstract Marine biofouling is considered as the undesired growth and accumulation of biological organisms on the surface of materials submerged in seawater. Marine biofouling could increase the resistance and fuel consumption of ships. In this paper, a novel method for removing biofouling on ship hull based on cavitation effect and ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) is proposed, which is eco-friendly and could remove biofouling online. The simulation model is established by finite element method to study the sound pressure distribution on the steel plat. The biofouling removal experiment is design

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Dobretsov, Sergey, and Daniel Rittschof. "“Omics” Techniques Used in Marine Biofouling Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310518.

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Biofouling is the growth of organisms on wet surfaces. Biofouling includes micro- (bacteria and unicellular algae) and macrofouling (mussels, barnacles, tube worms, bryozoans, etc.) and is a major problem for industries. However, the settlement and growth of some biofouling species, like oysters and corals, can be desirable. Thus, it is important to understand the process of biofouling in detail. Modern “omic” techniques, such as metabolomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide unique opportunities to study biofouling organisms and communities and investigate their metaboli

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Zainal Abidin, Mohd Zaki, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, Fazlena Hamzah, and Nurul Aimi Ghazali. "Assessing biofouling in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant – A review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012011.

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Abstract Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) harnesses thermal energy stored at different seawater depths via power generation from a thermodynamic closed-loop cyclical system. Apart from its consistent energy generation, it could be diversified into other side industries, making OTEC an attractive and sustainable source of renewable energy. However, the process that utilises seawater as its main fluid is exposed to biofouling deposition due to unwanted growth and accumulation of biological elements on any contact surfaces, potentially affecting its efficiency and damaging equipment in the

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Tesi sul tema "Biofouling"

Smith, Gordon William Graham. "Biofouling of dental handpieces." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3075/.

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Dental handpieces (HP’s) are used during semi-critical and critical dental procedures that imply the HP must be sterile at the point of use. The aim of this study was to undertake a quantitative and qualitative analysis of dental HP contamination to inform the development of HP cleaning. Preliminary validation work on protein desorbtion methods and protein detection assays resulted in boiling in 1% sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and the o-phthaldialedhyde (OPA) assay (sensitivity 5 μg/ml) selected for further use in this study. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of HP microbial and protein

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Arnaud, Damien. "Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Arnaud, Damien (2015) Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29838/.

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Membrane biofouling is a major concern in water treatment processes as it can significantly reduce the system’s efficiency. Biofouling is mainly caused by microorganisms, and is difficult to control or avoid. It leads to higher operating pressure which strains the membrane, shortens the membrane life, and increases maintenance costs. Multiple literature reviews suggest that the main contributors to membrane biofouling are polysaccharides. This is why in this project two model polysaccharides (alginate and xanthan) were used to study their individual fouling effects on reverse osmosis effic

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Suwannakarn, Monthat. "Biofouling on forward osmosis system." Thesis, Suwannakarn, Monthat (2016) Biofouling on forward osmosis system. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33949/.

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Fouling is an inevitable issue that all membrane systems have to face. The presence of membrane fouling causes membrane systems (such as reverse osmosis and forward osmosis) to suffer the increase of resistance thus reducing the efficiency of the systems. This raises concerns about the osmosis technology as it also reduces the system and membrane lifetime while increasing the maintenance costs. From previous papers and literature review, polysaccharides were found to be the main contributor to membrane fouling. The literature explains the polysaccharides that caused the membrane fouling we

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Zaghy, Amar. "Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes." Thesis, Zaghy, Amar (2016) Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33970/.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove salt and other particles from drinking water. It is the dominant technology which has overtaken many conventional systems in recent years. Membrane biofouling is the main disadvantage of using RO technology which can result in reducing the system’s efficiency. The rejected microorganisms on the surface of the membrane form a fouling layer (biofouling) which leads to a decline in permeate flux, increase of hydraulic resistance, increase in operating pressure, and shortening of the membrane life

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Tasso, Mariana Patricia. "Bioactive coatings to control marine biofouling." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25187.

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The colonization of immersed surfaces by a myriad of marine organisms is a complex, multi-stage, species-specific process giving rise to economic and environmental costs. This unwanted accumulation of organisms in the marine environment, called biofouling, has been attacked from different fronts, going from the ‘problem-elimination-as-problem-solving’ strategy (essentially through the use of biocides) to more elaborated and environmentally-friendly options based on the principle of ‘non-stick’ or ‘easy foul-release’ surfaces, which do not jeopardize marine life viability. Several marine organi

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Ekblad, Tobias. "Hydrogel coatings for biomedical and biofouling applications." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Sensorvetenskap och Molekylfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54304.

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Many applications share a substantial and yet unmet need for prediction and control of interactions between surfaces and proteins or living cells. Examples are blood-contacting biomaterials, biosensors, and non-toxic anti-biofouling coatings for ship hulls. The main focus of this thesis work has been the synthesis, characterization and properties of a group of coatings, designed for such applications. Many types of substrates, particularly plastics, were coated directly with ultrathin, hydrophilic polymer coatings, using a newly developed polymerization method initiated by short-wavelength ult

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Yeh, Po Ying. "MEMS-based anti-biofouling - mechanism, devices and application." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7528.

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A novel anti-biofouling mechanism based on the combined effects of electric field and shear stress was reported. The mechanism was observed in millimeter-scale piezoelectric plates coated with different metal materials and microfabricated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. Experimental observation on the quantities of protein desorption and theoretical calculations on surface interactions (van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrophobic, shear stress) have been carried out. This anti-fouling mechanism can also be activated by a vibrating micromachined Si/SiO₂ membrane. The combined ef

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Coward, Rebecca L. "Preventing marine biofouling : the fouling-release-coating approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419043.

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The unwanted build up of fouling organisms on immersed structures has been a problem that has been addressed over the years in many different ways, from tar and pitch on the hulls of vessels to various toxin based ablative coatings and most recently, foul-release coatings that present a non stick surface to which organisms can not adhere strongly. These foul-release coatings have been relatively successful and further investigation into the formulation of siloxane based coatings is a environmentally acceptable and commercially viable concept. The significance of the hydrophilicity of a range o

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Asapu, Sunitha. "An Investigation of Low Biofouling Copper-charged Membranes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1399633649.

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Zhang, Kai. "Understanding biofouling in membrane bioreactors treating synthetic paper wastewater." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109079842.

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Libri sul tema "Biofouling"

Drr, Simone, and Jeremy C. Thomason, eds. Biofouling. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444315462.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Blackwell, 2010.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Blackwell, 2010.

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Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Blackwell, 2010.

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1937-, Evans L. V., ed. Biofouling. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Dobretsov, Sergey, Jeremy C. Thomason, and David N. Williams, eds. Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.

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(Firm), Knovel, ed. Industrial biofouling. Elsevier, 2011.

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V, Evans L., Hoagland K. D, Phycological Society of America, and American Institute of Biological Sciences., eds. Algal biofouling. Elsevier, 1986.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt. Biofouling bei Membranprozessen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79371-4.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt, P. Sriyutha Murthy, R. Venkatesan, and Keith Cooksey, eds. Marine and Industrial Biofouling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69796-1.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Biofouling"

Flemming, H. C., and G. Schaule. "Biofouling." In Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80017-7_5.

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Nakamura, Kazuho. "Biofouling." In Encyclopedia of Biocolloid and Biointerface Science 2V Set. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119075691.ch9.

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Dobretsov, Sergey, Raeid M. M. Abed, Koty Sharp, Omar Skalli, Lou G. Boykins, and Lewis Coons. "Microscopy of biofilms." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch1.

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Callow, Maureen E., James A. Callow, Sheelagh Conlan, Anthony S. Clare, and Shane Stafslien. "Efficacy testing of nonbiocidal and fouling-release coatings." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch10.

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Fopp-Spori, Doris M., and Pierre Martin-Tanchereau. "Contact angle measurements." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch11.

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Bressy, Christine, Jean-François Briand, Chantal Compère, and Karine Réhel. "Efficacy testing of biocides and biocidal coatings." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch12.

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Lindblat, Lena, Richie Ramsden, and Jennifer Longyear. "Commercialization." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch13.

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Dahms, Hans-Uwe, and Sergey Dobretsov. "Traditional and bulk methods for biofilms." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch2.

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Biggs, Tristan, Tom Vance, Glen Tarran, and Torben Lund Skovhus. "Biocide testing against microbes." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch3.

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Ferrera, Isabel, Vanessa Balagué, Christian R. Voolstra, et al. "Molecular methods for biofilms." In Biofouling Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Biofouling"

Natsi, P. D., and P. G. Koutsoukos. "Calcium Carbonate Biofouling." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12930.

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Abstract Biofouling is the formation of composite deposits consisting of living organic matter and inorganic salts. So far there is little mechanistic information on biofouling. In this work, the role of the presence of microalgae on the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate from aqueous supersaturated solutions was investigated with free drift and constant supersaturation batch experiments, at 25°C. Living and dead microalgae colonies were used to inoculate aqueous solutions supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The presence of algae accelerated the crystal growth of calcium

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Griffin, R. B., L. R. Cornwell, W. Seitz, and E. Estes. "Localized Corrosion under Biofouling." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88400.

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Abstract A 1019 steel, 6061-T6 aluminum and 304, 316, 430 and 446 stainless steels were immersed for three years in a seawater test site near Galveston, TX. Data will be reported for both uniform and pitting corrosion rates of these alloys. The sites where the localized corrosion was initiated, with respect to the biofouled surface, will be discussed. For all of the alloys discussed, with the exception of the steel, the majority of the pits were found in close proximity to the barnacle attachment sites.

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Flemming, H. C. "New Aspects in Membrane Biofouling." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00307.

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Abstract Biofouling can be a limiting factor in the application of membranes in water treatment. Biofouling can be considered as excessive biofilm growth. This process starts with the adhesion of microorganisms wich happens immediately after contact of the raw water with the membrane. It can be assumed that virtually all membrane systems working with nonsterile water carry biofilms which influence the overall separation properties. Only if an individually given threshold of interference is met, "biofouling" occurs. A new anti-fouling strategy can be addressed as "biofilm management", limiting

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Farelas, Fernando, Rebecca Martin, Zak Bear, Charles Carfagna, and Benjamin Pinkston. "Novel Thin-Sol-Gel Coatings for Biofouling Prevention and Easy Removal." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19037.

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Abstract Heat exchangers are widely used in Navy ships to cool operating fluids and seawater is the preferred cooling medium since it is readily available. However, biofouling will form while ocean water circulates through the heat exchanger tubes or plates, decreasing the heat transfer efficiency and increasing fluid resistance. Further fouling eventually results in more energy consumption and a decrease in heat exchanger service life. To solve the biofouling problem, we developed thin and durable sol-gel coatings that significantly decreased biofouling deposition and facilitated its removal.

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Klassen, R. D., P. R. Roberge, J. Porter, G. Pelletier, and B. Zwicker. "On-Board Hypochlorite Generation for Biofouling Control." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01480.

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Abstract Biofouling within the cooling water systems of ships can be serious enough to cause immobilization. Marine growth on pipes also promotes crevice corrosion. In seawater, blue mussels are the predominate species that cause biofouling. A biofouling test system was constructed at the Dockyard Laboratory in Halifax, Nova Scotia by the Defense Research Establishment Atlantic. Seawater from the Halifax harbor continuously flowed through pipe networks that were designed to simulate the cooling water piping on a ship. Three commercial chemical injection systems were tested simultaneously, name

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Rusznak, Linda H., and Kevin W. Pidane. "Dynamic Simulation of Biofouling and Corrosion Recovery." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01275.

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Abstract A laboratory recirculation test rig outfitted with corrosion coupons, linear polarization, annular heat transfer rods and a pressure drop tube were exposed to biological growth under simulated cooling water conditions. This experimental rig was designed to provide a means of quantifying the presence and intensity of biofilm in order to examine biofilm generation properties. The resulting biofilm was subjected to various biocide and dispersant treatments in order to evaluate heat transfer improvement and control of microbiological activity through monitoring planktonic and sessile bact

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Lander, Karl. "Proactive Cleaning, Maintenance and Inspection of Vessel Hulls via Autonomous Robots." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19315.

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Abstract Corrosion monitoring of submerged surfaces is a challenging task at best. Besides being underwater, these surfaces are often covered in biofouling, preventing simple visual inspection. The biofouling itself, and the removal of the biofouling can damage the protective coatings, increasing the risk of corrosion. This paper will explore how a small autonomous robot can be used to proactively remove early-stage biofouling from a surface, ensuring the coating system remains intact, while simultaneously providing valuable visual inspection data. The paper will include results from the proac

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Drach, Andrew, Igor Tsukrov, Judson DeCew, Uwe Hofmann, Jochen Aufrecht, and Adolf Grohbauer. "Corrosion and Biofouling Performance of Copper Alloys Investigated in the North Atlantic Ocean." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02770.

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Abstract A field testing of corrosion and biofouling behavior of eight copper alloys was carried out at the Portsmouth Harbor, USA (North Atlantic Ocean). The plate specimens of the alloys were submerged for one year to investigate the effect of seawater exposure on corrosion and accumulation of biofouling. The specimens were divided into two sets to evaluate the effect of intermittent corrosion layer removal (three-month periods) vs. continuous exposure with undisrupted surface layer. Corrosion behavior was characterized as uniform corrosion rates through weight measurements, and as localized

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Little, Brenda J., and Patricia A. Wagner. "The Interrelationship between Marine Biofouling and Cathodic Protection." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93525.

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Abstract Microorganisms colonize and form a gelatinous biofilm on all engineering materials exposed in natural marine environments, including cathodically protected surfaces. The impact of cathodic protection potentials on the chemical/biological composition of the biofilm and the impact of the biofilms on potentials required for cathodic protection have been the subject of numerous recent investigations. Literature on these subjects will be reviewed with emphasis on clarifying interactions between living and non-living deposits on cathodically protected metal surfaces.

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Nagai, N., A. Morita, K. Tsunoda, and K. Emori. "New Biofouling Control Program for Open Recirculating Cooling Water System with Refrigerator/Chiller to Reduce Operating and Maintenance Costs of the System." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02588.

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Abstract Various biofouling control chemicals have been commonly applied to open recirculating cooling water systems with refrigerators and/or chillers at industrial factories and buildings to keep system performance at higher level and to reduce the risk of waterborne deceases such as Legionnaire’s disease. The biofouling control chemicals can be classified to two types of oxidizing and non-oxidizing, but deterioration of chemicals’ performance can’t be evitable due to active ingredients’ decomposition and/or adsorption to other substances. New biofouling control program has been developed wh

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Biofouling"

Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7279109.

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Stamper, David, Michael Montgomery, and Robert Morris. Biofouling of Several Marine Diesel Fuels. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546379.

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Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172329.

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Panchal, C. B., P. K. Takahashi, and W. Avery. Biofouling control using ultrasonic and ultraviolet treatments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/453434.

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Fallis, Kathleen, Katherine Harper, and Rich Ford. Control of Biofouling using Biodegradable Natural Products. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603755.

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Brigmon, R. L., H. W. Martin, and H. C. Aldrich. Biofouling of groundwater distribution systems by Thiothrix spp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/148694.

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Mackie, Gerry L., Philip Lowery, and Clint Cooper. Plasma Pulse Technology to Control Zebra Mussel Biofouling. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391721.

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Kohli, Nikita. Biofouling and Design of a Biomimetic Hull-Grooming Tool. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486762.

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Smit, John. Characterization of Biofouling Marine Caulobacters and Their Adhesive Holdfast. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197211.

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Hibbs, Michael R., Susan Jeanne Altman, Yanshu Feng, et al. Linking ceragenins to water-treatment membranes to minimize biofouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034896.

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